WO2017163253A1

WO2017163253A1 - Multi leathers (materials) integral swing ball / duo leathers (materials) integral swing ball

Info

Publication number: WO2017163253A1
Application number: PCT/IN2016/000069
Authority: WO
Inventors: Chandan Sharma; Praveen Sharma; Ujjawal Sharma
Original assignee: Chandan Sharma
Priority date: 2016-03-23
Filing date: 2016-03-23
Publication date: 2017-09-28
Also published as: GB2564608A; GB201816790D0; AU2016398565A1

Abstract

This invention is associated with the sport of cricket in particular but not limited to and applicable to other sports and games as well where a ball is used to play. The invention relates that when a cricket ball with two different leathers or a combination of multi-leathers on the two hemispheres, is delivered by a bowler at a speed, an inherent swing is obtained, which is proportional to the difference in the resultant densities on the two hemispheres of the ball. The invention is aimed at providing a technology by which an inherent swing/drifted spin in the delivered ball is inevitably established which is irrespective of any seam positioning, other bowling skills, surrounding and pitch conditions.

Description

TITLE OF INVENTION

Multi Leathers (Materials) Integral Swing Ball / Duo Leathers (Materials) Integral Swing Ball

TECHNICAL FIELD OR FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention is associated with the sport of cricket in particular but not limited to and applicable to other sports and games as well where a ball is used to play. However, to bring out the novel concept in a more precise and deeper way, cricket is the sports and particularly the bowling aspect is the art which will most justify it. The invention is aimed at providing a technology by which an inherent swing/drifted spin in the delivered ball is inevitably established which is irrespective of any seam positioning, other bowling skills, surrounding and pitch conditions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION WITH DRAWBACK ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWN ART

In conventional cricket ball used for bowling in a cricket match or an international cricket match, is primarily made up of the following components (regardless of the methods of manufacturing) a) A core of cork, which is layered with tightly wound string

b) Covered by a leather case with a slightly raised sewn seam

In a top-quality ball suitable for the highest levels of competition, the covering is constructed of four pieces of leather of same type, but one hemisphere is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the other. The "equator" of the ball is stitched with string to form the ball's prominent seam, with six rows of stitches. The remaining two joins between the leather pieces are stitched internally. Lower-quality balls with a 2-piece covering are also popular for practice and lower-level competition due to their lower cost.

With this conventional ball, the leather on both hemispheres is of the same material. This provides a symmetrical balance in the ball, in terms of equal density, mass, volume, weight etc across the two halves. Hence, a new ball of this kind is aerodynamically or more commonly mechanically balanced when not in motion.

However, when a ball is non-craftily bowled at a speed, it wobbles with respect to the seam. And, when a ball is thrown by a good first class or an international bowler aiming to swing the ball, the same is done with an art & craft.

When the new ball is released with the seam at an angle to the initial line of flight, the ball swings in the same direction that the seam is pointing, this is conventional swing. So a ball released with the seam angled towards the slip fielders will swing away from the batsman (outswinger) and one released with the seam pointed towards fine leg will swing into the batsman (inswinger). However, there are other types of swing also such as reverse swing and contrast swing etc, which together with the conventional swing, depends on various factors such as seam positioning, roughness/smoothness of the ball surfaces and bowling speeds. However not every bowler can swing the ball due to factors such as being less skilful or having a particular bowling action not suited for the same, or a defensive mind set of a bowler to ball a restrictive line of bowling only etc..

Moreover, at this day & age, the contest between Bat & Ball has been continuously becoming a biased affair. This has been mainly due to the following reasons such as advancement in bat manufacturing technologies which are producing more advanced and effective bats, non- advancement in ball manufacturing technology, batsmen friendly conditions in Indian subcontinents & also in some other countries where historically this was not the case earlier, some bowling restrictive rules and so on.

Due to this the quality of swing bowling has been going down and therefore needs a timeline breakthrough which could well be achieved by a technological marvel in the field of bowling.

OBJECT OF INVENTION

The object of invention is to achieve an inherent swing/drifted spin which is inevitably established in the delivered ball, irrespective of any manner in which the seam of the ball is positioned while delivering the ball, roughness of ball surface, speed at which the ball is delivered, surrounding and pitch conditions.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION OR STATEMENT OF INVENTION

The invention states that when a cricket ball with two different leathers or a combination of multi- leathers on the two hemispheres, is delivered by a bowler at a speed, an inherent swing is obtained, which is proportional to the difference in the resultant densities on the two hemispheres of the ball. This inherent swing developed will be irrespective of the seam positioned while delivering the ball, roughness of ball surface, speed at which the ball is delivered, surrounding and pitch conditions.

A SUMMARY OF INVENTION

A summary of invention is that for a cricket ball with a combination of multi-leathers on the two hemispheres, delivered by a bowler at a speed, an inherent swing will be obtained, which is proportional to the difference in the resultant densities of the two hemispheres of the ball.

BRIEF DISCRETION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

Let there be different types of leathers on the two hemispheres of the ball for simplification. And let the basic arrangement be as shown in Figure no 1 below.

The two leathers of different type with their ends stitched together having the conventional seam is as shown in Figure no 1.

The Hemisphere on the left side is made up of a leather type A and on the other side is made up of a leather type B. These two leathers will definitely have different densities, deliberately selected to have appreciable difference, this confirms that there will be different levels of porosity also, that is they will have different packing density. The volume of leathers used on both sides are same, hence their masses would be different. Now, when the ball is bowled a certain velocity, both the halves will have the same velocity since they are stitched together, thus the momentum imparted on the sides are different and hence according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, the developed forces on the two sides would also be different. These dissimilar forces, developed on either side,impart different degrees of opposition/ support to the prevailing or natural forces (such as drag force, lift force, side force etc) acting on a moving ball. Hence, an inherent differential resultant force would surely try to drift the ball in a certain direction.

MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION OR A DETAILED DISCRETION OF THE INVENTION

As already briefly explained above, let there be such a special innovative cricket ball, which is primarily made up of the following components (regardless of the different methods of manufacturing currently prevalent in the world)

a) A core of cork, which is layered with tightly wound string

b) Covered by two different leather covers (for simplification), stitched together with a slightly raised sewn seam

The detailed description and technical specifications of the invention are as given below:

The Hemisphere on the left side is made up of a leather type A and the hemisphere on the right side is made up of a leather type B. These two leathers will definitely have different density, which is selected in such a way to have an appreciable difference between them. They will have different levels of porosity in themselves which is natural to different leathers. Thus they have different packing density also, less denser will have less and vice versa. The volumes of leathers used on both sides are same because the thickness and the surface area are same on both sides. The masses of leathers on both the sides would then be different, whereas the masses of other components used beneath the covers on either side are supposed to be same and hence, the overall mass of one hemisphere becomes greater than the overall mass of the other hemisphere. Now, when the ball is bowled a certain velocity, the momentum given on the sides are different and hence according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, the developed forces on the two sides would be different. These dissimilar forces, developed on either side, impart different degrees of opposition/ support to the prevailing or natural forces (such as drag force, lift force, side force etc) acting on a moving ball. Hence, an inherent differential resultant force would surely make the ball drift in a certain direction. S

Let the density of leather A be Dl and density of leather B be D2 where D2 > Dl . The leather A will have more number of pores per unit volume than leather B because of less packing density. Leather A has more pores per unit volume and hence will have less no of grains per unit volume and similarly vice versa for Leather B. This indicates that Leather B has more structural strength in terms of grains packing and hence will be stronger, stiffer and tougher to get any deformation as compared to Leather A. In this case, leather A (less dense) will deform much faster and hence as time passes will be the rougher side. The pores at leather B in the micro level looks like negative roughness that is like troughs, which is more in numbers as compared to Leather A and hence will be the probable rougher side when the ball is new. Hence leather A will have more roughness than leather B inherently. The volume of the leathers used on both sides will be same as explained above. Hence, mass of the leathers on side A and B are calculated as below:

Ml= V x Dl

&

M2=V x D2

Where Ml & M2 are the mass of the leathers on side A & B respectively and V is the volume of the leathers used on each side. Hence M2 will come greater than Ml .

Now the mass of the components used inside the leather covers are same, let it be M and hence the total mass on side A is Ml + M and on side B is M2 + M. Thus, it is inferred that Ml + M < M2 + M. Now let the total mass on left hand side of the ball be Ma = Ml + M and on the right hand side be Mb = Ml + M, where Ma < Mb.

Suppose the ball is bowled at an initial velocity "Vi", hence, the momentum developed on the left hand side half would be Pai = Ma x Vi and the momentum on the right hand side half would be Pbi = Mb x Vi.

Here, Pbi > Pai as per the above calculation. However, these are initial momenta being generated by the force Fi exerted by the hand of the bowler at the time of delivery, t=0.

Initial conditions could be summarised as follows: a) Total momentum Pi= (Ma + Mb) Vi

b) Total force exerted Fi= (Ma + Mb) Ai Where Ai is the initial acceleration.

In due course, while ball being in the flight with velocity V and angular velocity ω but before hitting the pitch, there are number of external forces acting on the ball. These are the forces which are being represented in the following Figure no 2 below:

From the figure it is understood that there are three types of forces acting on the ball namely lift force (upward direction) Fi, gravitational force (downward direction) mg and drag force (Backward direction) Fd.

Also to note that, first of all we are considering fast bowling aspect, hence this is a case of backspin/backward spin/anticlockwise spin angular velocity CO on the ball with ball moving forward with velocity V as can be seen from the Figure no 3 below:

Here it can be observed that at the up side the relative wind velocity is higher (with low air boundary layer pressure) and at the down side the relative wind velocity is lower (with high air boundary layer pressure), hence due to this differential pressure there is an upward lift force on the ball.

In contrary to this, in case of spin, there is top spin/forward spin/clockwise spin on the ball with ball moving forward and hence there is a downward lift force.

A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a force on it. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the Drag force, which is the component of the surface force parallel to the flow direction but opposite the same. If the fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force.

Drag depends on the properties of the fluid and on the size, shape, and speed of the object. One way to express this is by means of the drag equation: Where FD is the drag force,

P is the density of the fluid

V is the speed of the object relative to the fluid,

.4 is the cross sectional area, and

Co is the drag coefficient - a dimensionless number

The drag coefficient depends on the shape of the object and on the Reynolds number:

where D is some characteristic diameter or linear dimension and v is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid (equal to the viscosity divided by the density).

The lift produced for specific flow conditions can be determined using the following equation

where

• Fi is lift force,

• p is air density,

• v is true airspeed,

• _^4 is plan form area, and

• Ci is the lift coefficient

Note: Here as can be seen above that the drag as well as lift depends on the velocity of the object with which it is flying, and we know that this velocity is a function of distance which it has travelled that can be justified by assuming the effect of different forces in different directions. The work done by a force is the magnitude of the force times the component of displacement in the direction of the force. Gravity has only about two metres of downwards vertical travel over which to accelerate the ball, while the drag has about twelve metres (more for a slow bowler) to decelerate it. Consequently, drag has a greater effect on reducing the kinetic energy (and thus slowing it) than has gravity in increasing it. Also it shall be noted that while mentioning above equations of drag and lift, we have assumed that the air is still with insignificant movement and hence when the air itself starts moving which is very unpredictable in terms of its magnitudes and directions, will have an unpredictable wind velocity factor to be considered against the velocity of ball itself. This air/wind velocity in turn depends on various factors such as the latitudes of location, elevation of location, season of the year, weather conditions such as sunshine, temperature, humidity and also on the geometrical shape of the stadium itself in which the play is on which in turn can allow or hinder the flow of wind inside the stadium etc which makes the equation even more complex. The purpose for which this specification is brought out does not need such a precise calculation considering the wind velocity factor, however complex it may be, as the same will be cancelled and hence such a factor only remains a formality. Let that wind velocity factor be "K".

Now let us draw a figure, Figure no 4 as given below, indicating different forces and their directional components with symbols and signs as indicated are depicted above/ below in the force balance equations:

We have also a case here, where it is important to calculate the resultant position of centre of mass of the new ball. The ball is divided into two halves as we can see in earlier figures where each half having hemisphere leather shell encompassing a hemisphere cork core inside the ball.

The centre of mass of a hemisphere (placed on a flat horizontal plane with flat face placed on the plane) of radius r is 3r/8 inside the body from the centre on the vertical symmetrical axis. But since there is a hemispherical shell encompassing the half core, the effective position of centre of mass on both sides shall be very slightly more or less inside the hemisphere depending on the differences in the densities of shell and core, and that extra distance will be proportional to the differential densities between the shell and the core. However, this much of complex aspects in determining a very accurate centre of mass of the halves is not needed for the said purpose and hence shall be considered out of scope of this specification. Hence, lets us take the approximate position of centre of mass of the halves as 3r/8 only.

Let us consider that Ball has a radius of "R" and the Figure no 5 below describes the geometry of the same for finding the resultant centre of mass of the new ball:- Now we know that mass of half A is Ma and B is Mb. Let us take as shown above point A as the reference point for calculation of resultant centre of mass of the entire ball. The formula for calculating the centre of mass is as given below-

Xcm= Mb x 2 (3R/8)/ (Ma + Mb) = ¾ R x (Mb Ma + Mb)

Now Mb/Ma + Mb in this specification shall always be < 1, hence Xcm shall always be < ¾ R and it is surely be greater than zero as R>0. Hence the resultant centre of mass shall always lie between zero and ¾ R i.e between the two individual centre of masses of the respective halves.

However since Mb>Ma and hence centre of mass will lie on the right side of the centre in half B as shown. And the extent to which it lies to the right depends on the magnitude of masses difference. Now let us consider forces at A and considering Figure no 4 above,

Ma x g - 112 p ( v+K)2 Ci A cose - Ma At sine, in the downward direction

And - 1/2 p (v+K)2 Cd A cose = Ma At cose, in the forward direction

The resultant force at A will be as depicted below in Figure No 6:

Hence Fa is given by

Modulus of Fa = I Ma x At |

= V (Ma x At)2 {(cose)2 + (sine)2}

= {(Ma At coso)2 + (Ma At sino)2}

= V {(Ma x g ~ i/2 p (v +K)2 CIA cose)2 + (- 1/2 p (v+K)2 CdA cose)2} from above

Similarly forces at B and considering Figure no 4 above, Mb x g - 1/2 p (v+K)2 Cd A cose = Mb At sine, in the downward direction

And - 1/2 p (v+K)2 CdA cose= Mb At cose, in the forward direction

The resultant force at B will be as depicted below in Figure No 7:

Hence Fb is given by

Modulus of Fb = | Mb x At |

= (Mb x At)2 {(coso)2 + (sine)2}

= V {(Mb At coso)2 + (Mb At sino)2}

= V {(Mb x g - 1/2 p (v+K)2 CI A co$e)2 + (- 1/2 p (v+K)2 Cd A cose)!} from above

We know that Mb > Ma and hence we can conclude that

Modulus of Fb > Modulus of Fa

The net acceleration on half A is lesser than on half B. However, part B wants to accelerate more than part A in the same time, but since the two halves are stitched together they would not pull apart in the directions of the individual accelerations because for that you need a strong side forces which can pull apart the stitched parts. It is also to be noted that side forces are developed only when there is a degree of comparative roughness on one side compared to another side and the speed at which the ball is bowled will indicate the direction of the resultant side force and hence the direction of swing. However this force is of very minimal magnitude for pulling apart such a strong stitched portion but only helps in swinging the ball. Also the ball halves will move with the same velocity, but as there is a net acceleration on part B plus the centre of mass of the entire ball is shifted to the right of the geometrical centre of the ball on the symmetrical axis, the net acceleration will try to move the ball towards right and would be more on changing the velocity direction as compared to velocity magnitude because velocity is already decreasing due to drag and hence the ball will dip towards the area of hemisphere B (for a new bail bowled at nominal bowling speed), where the extent of dip would depend on the difference in the densities of the two sides. However, here we have still not considered the effect of the degree of inherent or extrinsic roughness on the two parts of the new or old ball which are as shown below in a very detailed tabular manner.

As the ball is flying through the air, a thin layer of air called the "boundary layer" forms along the ball's surface. The boundary layer cannot stay attached to the ball's surface all the way around the ball and it tends to leave or "separate" from the surface at some point. The location of this separation point determines the pressure, and a relatively late separation results in lower pressure on that side. A side force or swing will only be generated if there is a pressure difference between the two sides of the ball.

Now the boundary layer can have two states: a smooth and steady "laminar" state, or a time-varying and chaotic "turbulent" state. The transition from a laminar to a turbulent state occurs at a critical speed that is determined by the surface roughness; the rougher the surface the lower the critical speed. However, on a very smooth surface and at nominal speeds, a laminar boundary layer can be forced to turn turbulent by "tripping" it with a disturbance. The disturbance can be in the form of a local protuberance or surface roughness which adds turbulent eddies to the laminar layer and forces it to become turbulent. The below chart will be called as the CPU Swing Chart. The direction of Swing as mentioned in the table is either right or left that is either right or left in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the playing pitch. Hence, whatever be the condition, as per table below an additional factor or force of conditional swing based on bowlers skills will have to be added or subtracted as the case may be.

Ball Position of Leading side Speed at Direction of Swing Type of Swing

Condition Seam facing the which the

batsmen ball is

bowled

Old -Straight, Seam itself < 70 mph Towards Right Contrast Swing- seam facing Side (inswinger) Swing type 1 the wicket

- Smooth side

on the left

- Rough side

on the right

Old -Straight, Seam itself < 70 mph Towards Left Side Contrast Swing- seam facing (outswinger) Swing type 2 the wicket

- Smooth side

on the right

- Rough side

on the left

Old -Straight, Seam itself > 70 mph Towards Left Side Contrast Swing- seam facing (outswinger) Swing type 3 the wicket

- Smooth side

on the left

- Rough side

on the right

Old -Straight, Seam itself > 70 mph Towards Right Contrast Swing- seam facing Side (inswinger) Swing type 4 the wicket

- Smooth side

on the right

- Rough side

on the left

New -Seam angled Smooth side < 70 mph Towards Left Side Conventional towards slip, (outswinger) Swing- Swing - Smooth side type 5 on the right

Probable

Rough side on

the left

¾ew -Seam angled Smooth side > 80 mph Towards Right Reverse Swing- towards slip, Side (inswinger) Swing type 12

Probable

Rough side on

the left

- Smooth side

on the right

New -Seam angled Smooth side > 80 mph Towards Left Side Reverse Swing- towards fine (outswinger) Swing type 13 leg,

Probable

Rough side on

the right

- Smooth side

on the left

Old -Seam angled Rough side > 70 mph Towards Right Reverse Swing- towards slip, Side (inswinger) Swing type 14

- Rough side

on the right

- Smooth side

on the left

Old -Seam angled Rough side > 70 mph Towards Left Side Reverse Swing- towards fine (outswinger) Swing type 15 leg,

- Rough side

on the left

- Smooth side

on the right

Old -Seam angled Smooth side > 70 mph Towards Left Side Conventional towards slip, (outswinger) Swing- Swing

- Rough side type 16 on the left

- Smooth side

on the Right

Old -Seam angled Smooth side > 70 mph Towards Right Conventional towards fine Side (inswinger) Swing- Swing leg, type 17

- Rough side

on the right

- Smooth side

on the left Ball Condition- New: A brand new bail being in play for less than 0-25 overs

Old: A ball in play for greater than 30 overs of play

Leading Face- The hemisphere of the ball that has the larger portion being towards the wicket

The side force is defined as S = 0.5 Cs p A Q2. Here Cs, p, A, Q2 are the side coefficient, air density, ball cross sectional area, total velocity of the ball relative to the air.

After many experimental data's collected for the actual cricket ball in wind tunnel, the side force coefficient shall be approximately coming to 0.25.

Also to note that this side force coefficient depends on the various factors such as angle of seam projection, surface roughness, Reynolds number etc.

Some of the above swing types are shown below with the pictorial representation and with some brief description.

Refer above Figure no 8, between about 30 and 70 mph, the laminar boundary layer along the bottom surface separates at about the apex of the ball. However, the boundary layer along the top surface is tripped by the seam into a turbulent state and its separation is therefore delayed. This asymmetry results in a pressure differential (lower pressure over the top) and hence side force which makes the ball swing in the same direction that the seam is pointing (upwards).

The direction of the net force or final path of flight will be as shown in the Figure no 9 below for the above swing type.

As can be seen from the above figure that the final line of path has a lesser angle with respect to the line of wickets when the bowler is trying for outswing and the heavier half B is on the opposite (right side).

This can be established in the following way, call the same as section P:

Let the orientation of the seam angle be as shown, with seam pointing towards slip, to deliver an outswing with side A on left side and side B on right side. Now the side force, S, developed, is as per the equation above. The forces developed in the two halves, acting separately, be Fa and Fb vertically down at an angle same as the flight of the ball. As already discussed, since Fb > Fa, the net acceleration of A will be lesser than that of B, that is in the same time, B will accelerate more than A, that is B will try to travel more than A, thus making a slight deviation/tilting towards B, shown by the line segment connecting Fa and Fb, making an angle θ as shown. This is the line of deflection or deflected focal path in that period. However, the net force for the halves will have to be interpolated with respect to the new centre of Mass Xcm in the same manner as the deflected path such that this net force makes an equivalent angle to the vertical, Θ. We know practically θ will be very small and proportional to the weight differences of half B and half A and also to the distances travelled by B and A as can be seen from the figure itself. Now tan-1 (θ) can be approximated to be equal to Fb - Fa / Fabr.

Now the side force S, as shown, can be traced back towards + X-AXIS, for vector addition with the resultant force Fabr. The resultant vector is the net force on the ball considering all the forces and will be termed as Fr making an angle φ with side force S.

Now let us again interpolate by considering that there was no weight differences between A and B. Then the centre of mass would not have been shifted to new position and also angle θ would have been 0 (zero). Thus the net force would have passed through point I on the Y-AXIS with dashed line as shown. Let this force makes an angle φ' with side force S. As can be seen that φ > φ' and hence 90- φ < 90- φ'.

Hence, it can be seen that when the seam is pointed towards slip for an outswing and heavier half B is on opposite side then there will be a reduction in the angle of outswing or the final line of path. In the same way it can be deduced that when the seam is pointed towards fine leg for an in swing and heavier half B is on the same side then there will be an increase in the angle of inswing or the final line of path as can be shown in Figure no 10 below.

The flow over a ball exhibiting reverse swing is shown. So now, at a high enough bowling speed (over about 85mph for a new ball) the laminar boundary layer transitions into a turbulent state relatively early, more importantly before reaching the seam location. In this case, the seam actually has a detrimental effect on the turbulent boundary layer by making it thicker and weaker and it therefore separates earlier than the turbulent layer over the bottom surface.

As the roughness on this leading side (facing the batsman) is increased, the critical bowling speed above which reverse swing can be obtained is reduced. It also means that more effective reverse swing will be obtained at the higher bowling speeds. Refer Figure no 11.

Referring to the Section P above and considering that smoother side is the heavier side as side has more packing density and will be tougher to wear and tear. The other being less dense will be more prone to wear and tear and hence will be rougher. This is being explained already in the earlier sections. Here the side force is from B to A and heavier side B on opposite side, will thus reduce the angle of reverse swing.

In Figure no 12, a ball with a contrasting surface roughness is flying through the air at a relatively low speed with the seam straight up. In this case, the boundary layer over the upper surface separates relatively early in a laminar state while that on the bottom rough side becomes turbulent and separates later. This asymmetry results in a side force which makes the ball swing towards the rough side. However since the smoother side is the heavier side, the extent of the swing will get reduced as per section P.

If the ball is released at a much higher speed, the flow field is different as shown in Figure no 13. In this case, transition occurs on both sides of the ball, but the turbulent boundary layer along the rough bottom surface is thickened and weakened (in the same way that the seam weakens the turbulent boundary layer in reverse swing). As a result the boundary layer on the rough side separates relatively early and the ball now swings towards the smooth side. However, since the smoother side is the heavier side, the extent of the swing will get increased as per section P in the above paragraph as shown.

This technical specification or explanation could well be extended for the multi leather cricket ball also in similar manners by inter-sketching each and every physical parameter proportionally to obtain a similar result. Some of the Multi Leathers cricket ball combinations have been shown below in the Figure no 14. Here A, B & C designates different types of leathers. Multi Leather Cricket Ball will also have the same inherent distinct characteristics or resistances to the prevailing forces, proportional to the orientation/location of stitching of various leather types and the amount of the types of leathers being used in making such an innovative ball.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

This invention may be used in the field of sports for playing and particularly applicable to the sports gears/ball manufacturing companies to bring out such an innovative ball. This will balance the contest between the bat & ball in most of the sports much to the excitement of both the players and the spectators.

Claims

CLAIMS We claim that

1. A Duo Leather or Multi Leather Cricket Ball will have an inherent distinct characteristics or resistances to the prevailing forces, proportional to the orientation location of stitching of various leather types and the amount of the types of leathers being used in making such an innovative ball.

2. The invention brought out for the ball in claim 1, shall be understood in general terms in the following way and shall be proportionally applied interpolated to various other combinations of leather configurations being crafted on the ball along with respect to the conditions mentioned in the above CPU table, " In a Duo-Leather new cricket ball, when the swen raised seam is pointing towards slip position and heavier leather is on right side facing the batsman, then there will be reduction in the outswing which would have happened if there were no dissimilarity between the leathers on the two sides and vice-versa, when the swen raised seam is pointing towards fine leg and heavier leather is on right side, facing away from the batsman, then there will be increase in the inswing". .

3. The invention brought out for the ball in claim 1 , shall apply not only to cricket ball but also to other balls of different sizes, shapes and material being used in different sports such lawn tennis, table tennis, badminton, football, golf , baseball etc with leathers being replaced by other materials being used respectively in those sports.

4. The innovative ball in claim 1 , may use different lacquers (white, pink or red etc) on any of the different leather (material) types being stitched on the ball as per the requirement. These leathers being used may have various types of embedded or articulate designs. The embedded design would include pin holed design, spotted design (protruded), zig-zag design, combed design, fins design, webbed design, other geometrical figure designs made on the/with the leathers. The articulate design would include graphics, sketches, photos, images etc being printed on the leathers.

5. The leather (material) type being used for the innovative ball in claim 1 , means that only one type of leather (material) or a mixture of different leathers (material) or hybrid leather (material). The same may be natural or synthetic.

6. The concept being used in bringing out the innovative ball in claim 1 & thereafter being extended and understood also for claim 2 above, shall also be applicable when the same concept is being used as a formula or an algorithm to make the bowling or playing schemes in respective sports^" video games, High Definition games, mobile games, internet games, etc. .

7. The concept being used for the innovative ball in claim 1 is such that, as it is shown applicable to macroscopic scale of physical systems, the same shall also be applicable in the microscopic physical systems such as in Nanotechnology to an extent, depending upon the physics being existing/created at such a micro/ nano level.