WO2017158360A1 - Traitement d'eaux usées contenant des métaux lourds - Google Patents

Traitement d'eaux usées contenant des métaux lourds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017158360A1
WO2017158360A1 PCT/GB2017/050721 GB2017050721W WO2017158360A1 WO 2017158360 A1 WO2017158360 A1 WO 2017158360A1 GB 2017050721 W GB2017050721 W GB 2017050721W WO 2017158360 A1 WO2017158360 A1 WO 2017158360A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
treatment zone
substrate
amd
nutrients
heavy metals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2017/050721
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Steve SKILL
Original Assignee
Swansea University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swansea University filed Critical Swansea University
Publication of WO2017158360A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017158360A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
    • C02F3/108—Immobilising gels, polymers or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/101—Arranged-type packing, e.g. stacks, arrays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for processing waste water, particularly but not exclusively acid mine discharge (AMD) that contains heavy metals.
  • AMD acid mine discharge
  • the process and apparatus utilises algae for treating the waste water.
  • Conventional methods for AMD remediation comprises chemical precipitation (for example hydroxide precipitation, carbonate precipitation and sulphide precipitation), chemical oxidation or reduction, lime coagulation, ion exchange (using resins, starch, xanthate, and others), reverse osmosis, solvent extraction, evaporation recovery, cementation, adsorption (involving use of activated carbon) electrode position, reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis.
  • chemical precipitation for example hydroxide precipitation, carbonate precipitation and sulphide precipitation
  • lime coagulation lime coagulation
  • ion exchange using resins, starch, xanthate, and others
  • reverse osmosis solvent extraction
  • evaporation recovery evaporation recovery
  • cementation evaporation recovery
  • adsorption involving use of activated carbon
  • electro-dialysis electro-dialysis.
  • a system for treatment of acid mine discharge (AMD) or other wastewaters including heavy metals comprising: a treatment zone for treating AMD or other wastewater discharge having a substantially transparent or translucent polymeric substrate therein for growing an algae biofilm thereon;
  • a nutrient source for supplying nutrients to the treatment zone.
  • ASD acid mine discharge
  • a treatment zone for treating AMD discharge having a substrate for growing an algae biofilm thereon;
  • a nutrient source for supplying nutrients to the treatment zone.
  • Microalgae are very abundant in the natural environment and are well adapted to a wide range of habitats. They have the ability to accumulate heavy metals from their surrounding environment in certain particular conditions. However, microalgae has been found with limited presence in AMD and therefore there is little capability to accumulate heavy metals.
  • the algae biofilm is living.
  • the biofilm may therefore be termed a viable biofilm.
  • the present invention provide for a robust, scaleable, low cost, passive and sustainable technology solution for treatment of AMD.
  • the provision of a nutrient source to provide nutrients to the treatment zone provides a condition whereby the algae biofilm can survive and thrive under extremely hostile conditions of AMD whilst taking up and accumulating heavy metals from the surrounding environment.
  • the discharge leaving the system is therefore clean in the sense that it does not include heavy metals.
  • the present invention can be deployed in remote mine or spoil heap locations without requiring significant civil engineering construction and may be periodically relocated to allow vegetation regeneration in those areas previously occupied by the treatment process.
  • the passive nature of the substrate means that additional components such as motors requiring a power source are not required. Thus, once approximately sited the substrate does not require movement by an external source, however it will be appreciated that some movement of parts of the substrate may occur due to action of the fluid flow.
  • the system preferably comprises a discharge flow pathway, and wherein the treatment zone is positioned in the discharge flow pathway, and the nutrient source is arranged to supply nutrient to the discharge flow pathway upstream of the treatment zone.
  • the system can therefore be easily introduced into an existing AMD flowpath.
  • a channel or conduit is preferably introduced for diverting the AMD into the treatment zone.
  • the treatment zone preferably comprises an inlet for introduction of untreated AMD into the treatment zone and an outlet for exiting of treated discharge from the treatment zone, wherein the substrate is located intermediate the inlet and the outlet. Transfer through the treatment zone is beneficially gravity fed reducing the requirement for expensive pumping equipment. Discharge passes through the treatment zone meaning that the treatment is continuous.
  • the substrate may be at least partly coated with microbes.
  • a microbial consortia may be provided on the substrate. This improves growth of the algae on the substrate.
  • the substrate preferably comprises an upstream and a downstream end, wherein the greater concentration of microbe coating is provided closer to the upstream end than to the downstream end.
  • the substrate may be predominantly uncoated adjacent the downstream end.
  • the substrate comprises a matrix formed of a transparent or translucent polymeric material. This allows passage of light throughout the majority of the substrate to encourage algal synthesis.
  • the matrix may be provided in the form of one or more bales.
  • the matrix may be at least partially contained in a substantially transparent polymeric housing.
  • the housing may effectively be in the form of a bag.
  • the housing may be a net for example. Portions of the matrix may be removable for replacement as the algae grows to a saturation level at which it is difficult for additional microalgae growth and thus heavy metal absorption decreases.
  • the one or more bales are therefore beneficially replaceabiy mountable in the treatment zone.
  • the matrix may be encased in a container.
  • the container is preferably at least partially transparent.
  • the container may be flexible, and is preferable polymeric, effectively in one embodiment in the form of a plastic bag.
  • the bales may be encased in a container.
  • a dosage control arrangement is beneficially provided for controlling the dosage of nutrients supplied to the treatment zone.
  • the dosage control arrangement preferably comprises a flow monitor is for monitoring the flow of the untreated discharge. The information regarding the flow rate is beneficially provided to the dosage control arrangement in order that the appropriate nutrient dosage may be supplied to the treatment zone.
  • the nutrients may comprise one or more of nitrates, ammonia, urea, potassium, phosphates and/or sulphates.
  • Agriculture grade plant fertilisers, farm manure slum' or digested sewage sludge can provide additional nutrient sources.
  • An acid buffering agent which may be termed a neutralisation agent, is preferably added to the treatment zone.
  • the acid buffering agent is preferably including in the nutrient source.
  • there is a method of treating acid mine discharge (AMD) or other waste water including heavy metals comprising supplying AMD or other waste water to a treatment zone having a passive transparent or translucent polymeric substrate therein positioned to receive incident sunlight and supplying nutrients to the treatment zone for growing an algae biofilm on the substrate, the algae biofilm retaining the heavy metals therein.
  • ALD acid mine discharge
  • the method comprises growing of the algae biofilm on the substrate.
  • the algae biofilm is living and is therefore capable of growing.
  • the treatment zone is beneficially positioned in a discharge flow pathway, and nutrients are supplied to the discharge pathway upstream of the treatment zone.
  • the nutrients are beneficially supplied in doses. After a predetermined period of time or at a time when the algae on a substrate becomes saturated, the substrate is replaced with a new substrate for ongoing AMD treatment.
  • the dose amount is preferably determined dependent upon the flow rate of the AMD to the treatment zone.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the algae containing heavy metals can be further processed in order to provide useful constituent parts.
  • An acid buffering agent is preferably supplied to the treatment zone. This acid buffering agent is preferably dosed. The acid buffering agent may be pre-added to the nutrient source, or may be dosed separately dependent upon measured pH.
  • a method of resource recovery from the algae may be achieved by applying heat and pressure to the algae to produce biocrude oil, an aqueous phase of nutrients and biochar which is a form of carbon combined with heavy metals.
  • the step of applying heat and pressure may be termed hydrothermal liquefaction.
  • the process in benefi cially carried out at a temperature of between 200 and 400 °C, and preferably approximately 300 °C.
  • the pressure may be between 100 and 200 bar, and is preferably approximately 150 bar.
  • Additional methods of metal recovery may include acid solubiiisation followed by electrochemical recovery and/or deposition onto activated carbon.
  • the aqueous nutrient concentrate is suitable for re-use at the mine remediation site or used as an agricultural fertiliser.
  • the oil produced is biocrude oil and may be used as feedstock to a petroleum refinery.
  • the biochar may be further processed by known techniques to separate the heavy metals and carbon.
  • Figure I is a schematic representation of a system and method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic perspective view of a treatment zone for treating acid mine discharge (AMD) accordingly an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • AMD acid mine discharge
  • FIG 1 there is a system shown in two parts, comprising the AMD treatment stage (2) and the resource recovery stage (4). It will be appreciated that the treatment stage (2) and resource recovery stage (4) have been shown together, however in practice these two stages are likely to be carried out at separate locations.
  • the treatment stage (2) preferably treats flowing acid mine drainage (AMD). This means that the process is preferably continuous. It will be appreciated, however, that in an alternative embodiment a tank may be provided into which the AMD is supplied and the process is carried out in batches.
  • the system comprises a treatment zone (6) comprising therein a substrate (8) onto which is grown an algae biofiim.
  • a nutrient source (10) is provided for supplying nutrients into the flow path (12) of the AMD.
  • a flow meter (14) is beneficially provided for determining the flow rate of the AMD into the treatment zone (6) and an indication of the flow rate of the AMD is supplied to a dose pump (16) for supplying nutrient into the flow path (12) according to the required concentration for the recorded AMD flow. Cleaned discharge exits from the treatment zone (6) as indicated by arrow (18).
  • the treatment stage (2) is deployed at a mine or spoil heap location and the simpl icity of the treatment stage (2) enables ease of deployment and optionally periodic repositioning as appropriate without requiring significant civil engineering construction. Furthermore, as required for a particular location, the treatment stage (2) may be provided within a relatively small and compact housing to prevent unauthorised access.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a treatment zone according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the treatment zone (6) comprises an input of AMD plus nutrients via the flow path (20).
  • the treatment zone (6) may comprise one or more channels (22) through which the AMD transfers.
  • the channels (22) are beneficially sloped downwardly between an inlet (24) and outlet (26) thus enabling flow through the channel (22) under gravity.
  • a substrate (8) is provided within the channel (22).
  • a substrate may be provided in a form or a polymeric material.
  • the substrate is preferably transparent or translucent in order to maximise light input thus increasing microalgae growth.
  • the polymeric material may be, for example, PET.
  • the PET may be recycled PET, and is beneficially shredded and bailed.
  • the bales are thus individually positioned within the channel to form a plurality of individual bales in series.
  • the PET making up the substrate in exemplary embodiment may be coated at least partially with microbes prior to operation of the treatment stage in order the encourage microalgae growth upon the substrate. This however is not essential for microalgae growth and although this pre-treatment encourages initial microalgae growth it also adds an additional initial cost to the system.
  • the substrate (8) may simply comprise a wall defining the channel (22).
  • the dimensions of the channel may be selected dependent upon the flow rate of the AMD however a channel of length between 1 and 100 metres can be utilised.
  • Each bale may be as an example only in the order of 1 metre in width, 0.5 metre in depth and 0.25 metre in height.
  • Nutrients particularly suitable for algae growth are nitrates and phosphates. These nutrients input into the flow path (20) prior to treatment in the treatment zone (6) sustain the algae which in turn binds and concentrates the heavy metals, resulting in a nutrient and heavy metal free discharge from the treatment stage (2).
  • AMD is diverted into to the inlet or inlets (24) and flows through the treatment zone (6) under gravity. In the event of algae saturation on the substrate or after a predetermined time period, the AMD is diverted to an alternative inlet (24) and the bales (28) replaced.
  • the nutrient concentrate dose into the AMD provides a degree of acid buffering capacity.
  • An acid buffering or neutralisation agent such as calcium carbonate can be also dosed.
  • Cockle shells for example provide a sustainable source, that may be ground and dosed with the nutrient source.
  • the resource recover ⁇ ' zone (4) it will be appreciated that this zone is likely to be provided remote from the treatment stage (2).
  • the treatment zone (6) comprises bales
  • these bales may be removed and the biofiim harvested from the substrate.
  • Two possible approaches for harvesting the algae biofiim from the substrate are envisaged.
  • the first method is a dry method whereby the substrate, preferably in the form of stacked saturated bales is positioned in a location suitable to allow drainage and passive drying of the biofiim. The bales are subsequently opened and the substrate is transferred to an agitator device to shake off the dry biofiim.
  • the biofiim flakes/powder are collected for further processing.
  • the substrate may be transferred to a drum dryer or similar drying device. Agitation is carried out and the dry biofiim collected.
  • a wet approach is utilised whereby the saturated wet substrate is transferred to an agitator device such as a drum mixer. An amount of wash water is added to recover the biofiim concentrate into a slurry. A device such as a counter current wash device may be utilised. The slurry may be dewatered to obtain the desired water content for further processing.
  • the recovered biofiim is processed through hydrothermal liquefaction processing (30) producing aqueous nitrates a phosphates, biochar and heavy metals, and biocrude oil.
  • the aqueous nitrates and phosphates may be reused as the nutrient input into the treatment stage or may be used for agricultural fertiliser.
  • the biochar and metals are separated in a metal refinery and the biocrude oil may be further processed in a petroleum refinery or used as heating oil which may in turn be fed back to the hydrothermal

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour traiter des eaux usées, en particulier des drainages miniers acides (DMA) qui contiennent des métaux lourds. Le système comprend une zone de traitement ayant un substrat sur lequel faire croître un biofilm d'algues, et comprend également une source de nutriments pour fournir des nutriments à la zone de traitement.
PCT/GB2017/050721 2016-03-16 2017-03-16 Traitement d'eaux usées contenant des métaux lourds WO2017158360A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1604464.6 2016-03-16
GB1604464.6A GB2548554A (en) 2016-03-16 2016-03-16 Processing of waste water from mine discharge carrying heavy metals

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017158360A1 true WO2017158360A1 (fr) 2017-09-21

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PCT/GB2017/050721 WO2017158360A1 (fr) 2016-03-16 2017-03-16 Traitement d'eaux usées contenant des métaux lourds

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WO (1) WO2017158360A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107892435A (zh) * 2017-11-22 2018-04-10 中国煤炭地质总局水文地质局 废弃小型煤矿矿井井口污水组合处理方法
CN112047479A (zh) * 2020-08-18 2020-12-08 河海大学 一种悬挂有生物膜载体的复合生态浮床
CN112573663A (zh) * 2020-10-22 2021-03-30 浙江科技学院 一种生物质炭基多功能漂浮湿地系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110655186B (zh) * 2019-11-19 2024-08-23 云南大学 一种生物炭基滤床装置及处理酸性重金属废水的方法

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US5447629A (en) * 1992-11-23 1995-09-05 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Apparatus for purifying a liquid effluent containing pollutants
WO2004046037A2 (fr) * 2002-07-16 2004-06-03 Photosynthesis Jersey Ltd Purification de l'eau contaminee
US20120175301A1 (en) * 2011-01-05 2012-07-12 Pacific Advanced Civil Engineering, Inc. Method for treating contaminated water

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US6013511A (en) * 1993-11-05 2000-01-11 Vito Precipitating metals or degrading xenobiotic organic compounds with membrane immobilized microorganisms
US6183644B1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2001-02-06 Weber State University Method of selenium removal
US20150101981A1 (en) * 2013-10-10 2015-04-16 Colin LENNOX Assemblies and methods for treating wastewater

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5447629A (en) * 1992-11-23 1995-09-05 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Apparatus for purifying a liquid effluent containing pollutants
WO2004046037A2 (fr) * 2002-07-16 2004-06-03 Photosynthesis Jersey Ltd Purification de l'eau contaminee
US20120175301A1 (en) * 2011-01-05 2012-07-12 Pacific Advanced Civil Engineering, Inc. Method for treating contaminated water

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107892435A (zh) * 2017-11-22 2018-04-10 中国煤炭地质总局水文地质局 废弃小型煤矿矿井井口污水组合处理方法
CN107892435B (zh) * 2017-11-22 2020-12-22 中国煤炭地质总局水文地质局 废弃小型煤矿矿井井口污水组合处理方法
CN112047479A (zh) * 2020-08-18 2020-12-08 河海大学 一种悬挂有生物膜载体的复合生态浮床
CN112573663A (zh) * 2020-10-22 2021-03-30 浙江科技学院 一种生物质炭基多功能漂浮湿地系统
CN112573663B (zh) * 2020-10-22 2022-07-01 浙江科技学院 一种生物质炭基多功能漂浮湿地系统

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GB2548554A (en) 2017-09-27

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