WO2017140281A1 - Imprimante 3d métallique, procédé d'impression associé, et matériau d'impression 3d - Google Patents

Imprimante 3d métallique, procédé d'impression associé, et matériau d'impression 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017140281A1
WO2017140281A1 PCT/CN2017/080602 CN2017080602W WO2017140281A1 WO 2017140281 A1 WO2017140281 A1 WO 2017140281A1 CN 2017080602 W CN2017080602 W CN 2017080602W WO 2017140281 A1 WO2017140281 A1 WO 2017140281A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dimensional
metal
printing
binder
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/080602
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
贺良梅
苏健强
何永刚
Original Assignee
珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201610093384.5A external-priority patent/CN105583402A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610270383.3A external-priority patent/CN105921751B/zh
Application filed by 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 filed Critical 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
Publication of WO2017140281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017140281A1/fr
Priority to US16/103,009 priority Critical patent/US11110519B2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/227—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by organic binder assisted extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/10—Inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of three-dimensional printing, and more particularly to a metal three-dimensional printer for printing metal objects and a printing method, and a three-dimensional printing material for printing metal.
  • This application is based on a Chinese invention patent application with an application date of February 19, 2016, application number CN201610093384.5, application date of February 19, 2016, and application number CN201620131545.0.
  • the Chinese invention patent application filed on April 27, 2016, application number CN201610270383.3, and the Chinese utility model patent on December 7, 2016, application number CN201621339666.0, the contents of the above patent application are incorporated herein. Reference.
  • Three-dimensional rapid prototyping is also known as additive manufacturing.
  • the basic principle is to create three-dimensional objects by printing or laying a continuous layer of material.
  • a three-dimensional rapid prototyping device or three-dimensional printer works by converting a three-dimensional computer model of an object and producing a series of cross-section slices, and then printing each slice, one on top of the other, to produce the final three-dimensional object.
  • the three-dimensional rapid prototyping method mainly includes three types: stereolithography or light curing (SLA), layered solid manufacturing (Laminated Object manufacturing, LOM), Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Fused Deposition (Fused) Deposition modeling, FDM).
  • SLA stereolithography or light curing
  • LOM layered solid manufacturing
  • SLM Selective Laser Melting
  • Fused Deposition modeling FDM
  • FDM type 3D printers on the market are the most common.
  • This type of 3D printer has lower production cost and convenient printing operation, which is easy for beginners to master.
  • the main principle is to melt a linear wire such as PLA (polylactic acid) through a high temperature nozzle, and then use the continuous extrusion of the subsequent wire to extrude the molten material through the nozzle outlet, and then the molten material is stacked on the printing platform.
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • the above 3D printer adopts a method in which the filament is melted and layered, this causes a longer printing time. And since the layers of the molding material are only cooled and bonded together by the molten material, and when the temperature of the material between the layers is different, the bonding relationship between the layers is caused. Not firm, resulting in unstable structural strength of the molded object. When the three-dimensional shaped object is left for a period of time, there may even be a separation between the layers.
  • the basic principle is to lay a layer of powder material on the printing platform and then use laser to selectively sinter, then lay down a layer with powder material and then laser-sinter once. After the above steps, a three-dimensional solid object can be obtained.
  • the method of laser sintering requires a large amount of energy to form the powder after melting at a high temperature, and the 3D printing apparatus requires very professional maintenance and is extremely expensive to consume.
  • a metal powder laser-sintered three-dimensional printer is disclosed, which performs the powder-laying work on the printing platform by the powder-rolling roller, and then performs selective laser sintering. The efficiency of the dusting work is not high, and the laser sintering process requires a lot of energy and also reduces work efficiency.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional printer in which a metal three-dimensional object is rapidly formed.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method of printing a three-dimensional printer for rapid prototyping of metallic three-dimensional objects.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional printing material for metal three-dimensional printing.
  • the three-dimensional printer comprises a print head, the print head is filled with a three-dimensional printing material, and the three-dimensional printing material is composed of a metal powder having a mass fraction of 60% to 70% and a bonding of 30% to 40%.
  • the printing method comprises the following steps: a preliminary molding step: spraying a three-dimensional printing material on a printing platform to form a preliminary solidified object; and a sintering step of sintering and solidifying the preliminary solidified object into a molded object.
  • the print head has heating means for heating the three-dimensional printing material
  • the printing method further comprises a heating step of heating the three-dimensional printing material contained in the printing head in the heating step, and then spraying the three-dimensional printing material to the printing on the platform.
  • the binder is a water-soluble binder
  • the printing method further comprises a water immersing step of placing the preliminary solidified object in the water, and at least a part of the water-soluble binder in the preliminary solidified object is dissolved in the water.
  • the water immersion step is immersed in warm water, and the temperature of the warm water ranges from 60 ° C to 80 ° C.
  • the printing method is carried out under vacuum or under the protection of an inert gas.
  • the metal powder is at least one of bronze, cobalt-based alloy, copper-based alloy, gold-based alloy, nickel-based alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead-zinc alloy.
  • the water-soluble binder is at least one of a polyethylene glycol-based binder, a polymethyl methacrylate binder, and a polyoxyethylene-based binder.
  • the heating temperature of the heating device is controlled between 50 ° C and 200 ° C, and the temperature of the sintering step is controlled between 200 ° C and 2000 ° C.
  • the three-dimensional printer comprises a print head, the print head is filled with a three-dimensional printing material, the three-dimensional printing material comprises metal powder and a binder, and the metal powder accounts for 60% by weight in the three-dimensional printing material.
  • the printing method comprises the following steps: preliminary molding step: heating the three-dimensional printing material with a heating device, the heating temperature of the heating device is between 50 ° C and 300 ° C, and the bonding agent is metal at 50 ° C to 300 ° C.
  • the powder is bonded, and the three-dimensional printing material is extruded on the printing platform to form a preliminary solidified object; the sintering step is to sinter the preliminary solidified object into a molded object.
  • the metal powder accounts for more than 70% by weight of the three-dimensional printing material, and the metal powder is at least at least one of bronze, cobalt-based alloy, copper-based alloy, gold-based alloy, nickel-based alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead, and zinc alloy.
  • the binder is at least one of a resin wax, a photocurable wax, and a photocurable UV material.
  • the invention provides a metal three-dimensional printer comprising a print head for containing a three-dimensional printing material, the three-dimensional printing material consisting of metal powder with a mass fraction of 60% to 70% and a binder of 30% to 40%, and a heating device. It is used to heat the three-dimensional printing material in the print head; and further comprises a printing platform for receiving the three-dimensional printing material sprayed by the printing head to form a preliminary solidified object.
  • the printer further comprises a sink, the sink is filled with water, and the water in the sink is used to soak the initially solidified object.
  • the printer further includes a sintering forming chamber for performing a sintering process on the preliminary solidified object.
  • the print head has a chamber, a screw and a feed port, the feed port is disposed at an upstream portion of the chamber, the downstream end of the chamber is provided with a print nozzle, the screw is rotatably disposed in the chamber, and the heating device is disposed in the chamber The inner or outer wall of the chamber.
  • the bonding agent is a water-soluble bonding agent
  • the three-dimensional printing material is processed by a metal powder and a water-soluble bonding agent to form a strip printing material.
  • the print head comprises a guide tube, a throat tube and a printing nozzle which are sequentially connected, and a heating device is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the throat tube, and the strip printing material passes through the guide tube and the throat tube.
  • the print head, the heating device, the printing platform, and the water tank are disposed in the sealed chamber, and the inside of the sealed chamber is a vacuum environment or an inert gas environment. Further, the inside of the sintering molding chamber is a vacuum environment or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the water tank contains warm water
  • the temperature of the warm water ranges from 60 ° C to 80 ° C
  • the water contained in the water tank is subjected to deoxidation treatment, and the heating temperature of the heating device is controlled between 50 ° C and 200 ° C.
  • Another metal three-dimensional printer comprises a print head, the print head is filled with three-dimensional printing material, the three-dimensional printing material comprises metal powder and a binder, and the metal powder accounts for more than 60% by weight in the three-dimensional printing material;
  • the utility model comprises a heating device for heating the three-dimensional printing material in the printing head, wherein the heating temperature of the heating device is controlled between 50° C. and 300° C., the bonding agent bonds the metal powder at 50° C. to 300° C., and further comprises a printing platform.
  • the three-dimensional printing material used to receive the extrusion of the print head forms a preliminary solidified object.
  • the printer further comprises a sintering forming chamber for performing a sintering process on the preliminary solidified object.
  • Another metal three-dimensional printer comprises a print head for containing three-dimensional printing materials, a heating device for heating the three-dimensional printing material in the printing head, and a printing platform for receiving the three-dimensional printing of the printing head.
  • the printing material forms a preliminary solidified object;
  • the print head includes a guiding tube, a throat tube and a printing nozzle which are sequentially connected, and a heating device is arranged on a circumferential outer wall of the throat tube, and the strip-shaped printing material passes through the guiding tube and the throat tube.
  • the three-dimensional printing material used in the metal three-dimensional printer provided by the invention comprises a metal powder and a binder, and the mass fraction of the metal powder is above 60%.
  • the mass fraction of the metal powder is between 60% and 70%, and the mass fraction of the binder is between 30% and 40%.
  • the binder is a water-soluble binder or paraffin
  • the metal powder is at least one of bronze, cobalt-based alloy, copper-based alloy, gold-based alloy, nickel-based alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead-zinc alloy.
  • the water-soluble binder is at least one of a polyethylene glycol-based binder, a polymethyl methacrylate binder, and a polyoxyethylene-based binder.
  • the bonding agent is a water-soluble bonding agent
  • the water-soluble bonding agent is a polyoxyethylene-based bonding agent
  • the polyoxyethylene-based bonding agent is composed of 76% polyethylene oxide, 23% polyethylene wax and 1% stearic acid.
  • the three-dimensional printing material is formed by uniformly mixing metal powder and a binder.
  • the three-dimensional printing material is mixed with a metal powder and a water-soluble binder to form a strip-shaped printing material.
  • the printing method implemented by the metal three-dimensional printer provided by the invention is simple and rapid, and the mixed metal powder and the bonding agent can be formed on the printing platform according to the three-dimensional printing method by using only one printing head, and the bonding agent is metal powder. It acts as a preliminary cure to prevent metal powder from collapsing on the printing platform. After the preliminary forming of the three-dimensional object is completed, the bonding agent is removed through the sintering step, and a strong force between the metal powders is formed and solidified, thereby finally forming a three-dimensional object.
  • the inventor's research on the printing process found that the weight percentage of the metal powder should be controlled above 60%, because when the metal powder is in this range, a suitable binder material can be found to initially cure the metal powder; however, When the metal powder is less than 60%, it is easy to cause a failure of the three-dimensional object forming process.
  • the type and ratio of the metal powder and the binder can be selected or adjusted according to requirements.
  • the printing material is selected and printed according to the above preferred embodiment, the forming effect of the three-dimensional object is better.
  • the type and ratio of the metal powder and the binder can be selected or adjusted according to requirements, and when the printing material is selected and printed according to the above preferred scheme, the forming effect of the three-dimensional object is better.
  • the applicant provides another three-dimensional printer in the Chinese invention patent application with the application number CN2015107564705, wherein the printing material comprises metal powder and a binder, and the volatilization of the binder is likely to cause three-dimensional molding in the subsequent sintering molding step.
  • the presence of the void structure of the object allows the preliminary solidified object to be soaked with a sink provided by an FDM three-dimensional printer prior to the sintering step to remove a portion of the binder from the printed material.
  • the three-dimensional printing material provided by the present invention overcomes the problem that the existing FDM three-dimensional printer is slow to form and the existing SLM type three-dimensional printing consumes a large amount of power.
  • the metal powder has a certain curing effect by the bonding action of the bonding agent, so that the printing material can be laid on the printing platform through the printing head to form a preliminary solidified object, and then the metal powder is sintered and solidified by the sintering step to complete the whole.
  • the printing process which increases work efficiency and energy usage.
  • the ratio of the above-mentioned printing materials is very important.
  • the printing material cannot form a preliminary solidified object, or the stability of the preliminary solidified object is very poor, and when the binder is too much, the sintered molding is found.
  • the structural strength of the three-dimensional object is lowered, so that the above-mentioned proportion of the printing material component is obtained through repeated experiments.
  • the applicant provides another printing material in the Chinese invention patent application with the application number CN2015107564705, but the printing material requires the printer to have two printing heads, which is relatively inefficient and significantly increases the production cost of the printer.
  • the present invention also overcomes the above problems.
  • the binder may be other suitable bonding materials, but it needs to satisfy the bonding effect on the metal powder, so that the printing material completes the molding of the preliminary solidified object.
  • the polyethylene glycol-based adhesive may be polyethylene glycol or a binder formed by mixing polyethylene glycol with polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the polyoxyethylene-based binder may be polyethylene oxide, or a component thereof may further include polyethylene wax and stearic acid.
  • the component ratios of various types of polyethylene glycol-based binders and polyoxyethylene-based binders have been given, they only serve the metal powder as long as they satisfy the inventive concept of the present invention.
  • the purpose of preliminary curing molding can be used in the present invention.
  • the advantage is that it is easy to adjust the moving rate in the printing process, and the cross-sectional area and shape of the strip printing material are easily controlled in the processing and molding, thereby enhancing the versatility, the strip printing material
  • the method of making is similar to the traditional method of making noodle food.
  • a binder formed by mixing polyethylene glycol with polymethyl methacrylate can remove about 80% of polyethylene glycol after soaking in water for about 16 hours, and when the temperature of the water is raised to 60 ° C to 80 After °C, more than 95% of the polyethylene glycol can be removed in 10 hours.
  • the preliminary solidified object can be removed by immersing in water for 60 minutes to 70 minutes to remove most of the polyethylene oxide.
  • the heating step can enhance the versatility and functionality of the adhesive.
  • the binder in the sintering step, the binder generally escapes from the molded object and volatilizes into the surrounding environment, but this causes a pore-like or void structure inside the molded object to lower its structural strength.
  • the water-soluble binder For the water-soluble binder, at least a part of the water-soluble binder in the preliminary solidified object can be preferentially removed by the water immersion step, so that the formation of pores or voids is greatly reduced in the subsequent sintering molding, thereby Improve the structural strength of the molded object.
  • warm water can increase the dissolution rate of the water-soluble binder and improve work efficiency.
  • the vacuum confined space can reduce the heat loss of the heating step, contribute to the sintering of the three-dimensional object, and such a solution enables the preliminary molding step and the water immersion step to be simultaneously performed to prevent metal oxidation.
  • metals, water, and oxygen are very easy to form various types of oxides to reduce the quality of printed objects.
  • the temperature of the heating device may also be other suitable temperatures, but this is a preferred solution. Excessive temperature will consume more energy, and too low temperature will reduce the bonding effect of the binder.
  • Figure 1 is a table showing data of a first embodiment of a three-dimensional printing material of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a table showing data of a second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing material of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the configuration of components such as a print head of the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a view showing a printing state of the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a structural view showing a second embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the components of a print head or the like of a second embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • the printing material of the embodiment is used for a three-dimensional printer, and the composition of the printing material is metal powder and a binder, wherein the mass fraction of the metal powder ranges from 60% to 70%; the mass fraction of the binder ranges from 30% to 40%, and
  • the printing material is formed by uniformly mixing metal powder and a binder, or the printing material is mixed with a metal powder and a water-soluble binder to form a strip-shaped printing material.
  • the table of Figure 1 shows an embodiment of five ways of proportioning the printed materials.
  • the binder is a water-soluble binder or paraffin
  • the metal powder is a bronze, a cobalt-based alloy, a copper-based alloy, a gold-based alloy, a nickel-based alloy, a stainless steel, an iron, a lead-zinc alloy.
  • the water-soluble binder is a polyethylene glycol binder, a polymethyl methacrylate binder, and a polyethylene oxide binder.
  • the polyethylene oxide based adhesive consists of 76% polyethylene oxide, 23% polyethylene wax and 1% stearic acid.
  • the polyethylene glycol adhesive may be a mixed adhesive of polyethylene glycol and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the second set of three-dimensional printing materials is the second set of three-dimensional printing materials.
  • the three-dimensional printing material of the present embodiment can be used in a three-dimensional printer, such as various embodiments of the three-dimensional printer referred to in this specification.
  • the composition of the three-dimensional printing material is metal powder and a binder, and the metal powder accounts for more than 70% by weight of the three-dimensional printing material.
  • the bonding agent is a resin wax, a photocurable wax or a photocurable UV material
  • the metal powder is at least at least one of a bronze, a cobalt-based alloy, a copper-based alloy, a gold-based alloy, a nickel-based alloy, a stainless steel, an iron, a lead, and a zinc alloy.
  • the binder and the metal powder can be selectively paired and used according to requirements, and the photocurable material or the photocurable wax can bond the metal powder after heating to 50 ° C to 300 ° C.
  • the printing material is formed by uniformly mixing the metal powder and the binder, or the printing material is mixed with the metal powder and the binder to form a strip-shaped printing material.
  • the table of Fig. 2 shows five different ratios of the printed materials in this embodiment.
  • the specific gravity of the metal powder in the present embodiment is large, the specific gravity of the metal powder exceeds 70%, the density of the three-dimensional object after molding is large, and the hardness and strength of the sintered three-dimensional object are formed. Also improve accordingly.
  • the types of the metal powder and the binder specifically selected in the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above may be crossed and paired.
  • Other additional components such as pigments, magnetic materials, and the like can be added to the three-dimensional printing material.
  • the metal powder may specifically be an iron-based powder, a heavy metal powder, a light metal powder, a rare metal powder or a precious metal powder.
  • the iron-based powder may be iron, carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel or high-speed steel;
  • the heavy metal powder may be copper, bronze, brass, nickel or nickel-based alloy;
  • the light metal powder may be aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium or titanium.
  • the alloy; the rare metal may be tungsten, a tungsten-based alloy, a molybdenum or a molybdenum-based alloy;
  • the precious metal powder may be platinum.
  • the metal three-dimensional printer of the present embodiment is an FDM three-dimensional printer including a print head 10, a heating device 20, a printing platform 30, a water tank 40, a hermetic chamber 50, and a sintering molding chamber 60.
  • the print head 10, the heating device 20, the printing platform 30, and the water tank 40 are all disposed in the airtight chamber 50, and the inside of the airtight chamber 50 and the sintering molding chamber 60 are both a vacuum environment or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the sintering molding chamber 60 can also be disposed outside the machine of the three-dimensional printer, that is, the three-dimensional printer may not include the sintering molding chamber 60.
  • the water tank 40 contains water 41.
  • the printing platform 30 can be moved below the liquid level in the water tank 40.
  • the water tank 40 is preferably filled with warm water.
  • the temperature range of warm water is between 60 ° C and 80 ° C.
  • the warm water is deoxidized to prevent metal. Oxidation.
  • the manner in which the printing platform 30 moves within the sink 40 can be controlled by means of screw drive and can be controlled by the control of the controller of the three-dimensional printer.
  • the sintering forming chamber 60 is used for sintering the preliminary solidified object 61.
  • the temperature of the sintering step is preferably controlled between 200 ° C and 2000 ° C.
  • the high temperature sintering process is common in the powder metal forming process, and the main purpose is to enhance the three dimensional.
  • a person skilled in the art can select a suitable temperature for different types of metal powder materials to form a preliminary solidified object 61.
  • the print head 10 has a chamber 11, a screw 12 and a feed port 13, the feed port 13 is disposed in an upstream portion of the chamber 11, and the downstream end of the chamber 11 is provided with a print nozzle 14, and the screw 12 is Rotatingly disposed in the chamber 11, the heating device 20 is disposed on the inner wall of the chamber 11. In other embodiments, the heating device 20 can also be disposed on the outer wall of the chamber 11.
  • the chamber 11 of the print head 10 is used to hold a printing material, and the printing material is replenished into the chamber 11 by the feed port 13.
  • the printing material is composed of a metal powder having a mass fraction of 60% to 70% and a binder of 30% to 40%. The printing material is formed by uniformly mixing metal powder and a binder.
  • the heating device 20 is used to heat the printing material in the chamber 11.
  • the heating device 20 is specifically an electric heating coil. In other embodiments, other forms of heating devices may be used.
  • the heating temperature of the heating device 20 is controlled at 50 ° C to 200 ° C. between.
  • the printing platform 30 is used to receive the printed material extruded by the print head 10 to form a preliminary solidified object, and the print head 10 can be moved in a three-dimensional direction with respect to the printing platform 30.
  • a two-dimensional (X, Y-direction) moving print head and a vertical (Z-direction) motion printing platform are disclosed in the Chinese Patent Application Serial No. CN201510054483.8 and CN201410609259.6.
  • the printing platform can be kept in a fixed position, and the print head can move in any three-dimensional direction within a certain spatial range, for example, the Chinese invention patent application with the application number CN201310246765.9, or the application number is CN201420137806.0.
  • the Chinese utility model patent application discloses a scheme in which the printing platform is always in a fixed position, and the print head can be moved in a three-dimensional direction with respect to the printing platform.
  • a preliminary molding step is performed: the printing material is continuously loaded into the chamber 11 from the feeding port 13, and the printing material is continuously extruded by the printing nozzle 14 by the rotation of the screw 12, so that the printing material is extruded in the printing.
  • a preliminary solidified object is formed on the platform 30.
  • the printing material in the chamber 11 can be heated by the heating device 20, and the heating temperature is controlled between 50 ° C and 200 ° C.
  • the water immersion step may take two forms, the first form being as shown in FIG. 3, after performing the preliminary molding step, and then performing the water immersion step, that is, after forming a complete preliminary solidified object on the printing platform 30, The printing platform 30 is lowered below the liquid level of the water, and the preliminary solidified object can be taken out after being soaked in the water for a period of time.
  • the preliminary solidified object on the printing platform 30 can also be manually moved into the water tank 40.
  • the second form is shown in Figure 5.
  • the preliminary forming step and the immersion step are performed simultaneously, that is, while the print head 10 is squeezing the printing material on the printing platform 30, the printing platform 30 is already below the liquid level of the water, thus It is possible to dissolve the aqueous binder into the water of the water tank 40 while printing the preliminary solidified object.
  • a sintering step is performed to move the preliminary solidified object that has passed through the water immersion step into the sintering molding chamber 60, either by manual movement or by automatic control to automatically move the printing platform into the sintering molding chamber 60.
  • a shaped object is formed, and the temperature of the sintering step is generally controlled between 200 ° C and 2000 ° C.
  • the three-dimensional printer of this embodiment is also an FDM three-dimensional printer, which includes a print head 110, a heating device 120, a printing platform 130, a water tank 140, a sealed chamber 150, and a sintering molding chamber 160.
  • the print head 110, the heating device 120, the printing platform 130, and the water tank 140 are disposed in the sealed chamber 150.
  • the inside of the sealed chamber 150 and the sintering forming chamber 160 is a vacuum environment or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the sintering molding chamber 160 may also be disposed outside the machine of the three-dimensional printer, that is, the sintering molding chamber 160 may be disposed outside the sealed chamber 150.
  • the bonding agent of the embodiment is a water-soluble bonding agent, and the printing material is mixed with a metal powder and a water-soluble bonding agent to form a strip-shaped printing material.
  • the manufacturing method of the printing material is similar to the traditional manufacturing method of the noodle food.
  • the print head of the present embodiment includes a guide tube 71, a throat 72, and a print nozzle 73 which are sequentially connected.
  • a heating device 120 is disposed on a circumferential outer wall of the throat 72.
  • the heating device 120 is a heating coil and a strip shape.
  • Print material 74 passes through guide tube 71 and throat 72 and is ultimately extruded by print nozzle 73 onto print platform 130.
  • the printable material can be extruded onto the printing platform by means of a retractable container that is ejected outwardly.
  • the powder material in the print head can be extruded onto the printing platform by means of an electric valve to control the flow.
  • the three-dimensional printer mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention is different from the existing three-dimensional printer.
  • the printing material in the print head of the existing metal three-dimensional printer is usually a resin material such as PLA, and the PLA is heated and melted. After extrusion by the print head.
  • the heating device of the print head of the three-dimensional printer of the embodiment of the present invention after the bonding agent is heated, the bonding agent is melted to a certain extent, thereby bonding the metal powder, and the mixed state of the bonding agent and the metal powder at this time is existing.
  • the molten PLA in the print head is relatively similar.
  • the three-dimensional printer is referred to as an FDM three-dimensional printer in the embodiment of the present invention, but the limitation is mainly for the convenience of the technical person to understand and classify, and obviously can also be directly named as a three-dimensional printer.
  • the binder referred to in the present invention can also be understood as a binder.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the water in the water tank is set to other temperatures, and the design of the sintering molding chamber and the closed chamber to evacuate the air by the vacuum pump to maintain the vacuum state is also a right of the present invention. Within the scope of protection required.
  • the metal three-dimensional printer provided by the present invention can be used to print metal materials, for example, by printing a metal powder into a predetermined shape by a three-dimensional printer.
  • a three-dimensional printing material is added with a binder, and the binder acts as a preliminary curing effect on the metal powder to prevent the metal powder from collapsing on the printing platform.
  • the three-dimensional printing method includes a preliminary forming step and a sintering step, after the preliminary forming of the three-dimensional object is completed, the bonding agent is removed by the sintering step, and a strong force between the metal powders is formed and solidified, thereby finally forming a three-dimensional object.
  • the three-dimensionally printed metal object can be obtained by the molding method of the present invention, for example, can be printed as a metal piece of a sample, or can be printed with a metal model, and has a wide range of applications in the fields of metal sample manufacturing, precision mold processing, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de l'impression 3D, et elle a trait à une imprimante 3D métallique, à un procédé d'impression associé, ainsi qu'à un matériau d'impression 3D. L'imprimante 3D comporte une tête d'impression, un dispositif de chauffage, une plateforme d'impression, et une chambre de frittage et de formage. Le procédé d'impression comprend une étape de formage initiale et une étape de frittage. Le dispositif de chauffage chauffe le matériau d'impression 3D, la température de chauffage du dispositif de chauffage étant de 50oC à 300oC, un liant se lie à une poudre métallique à une température de 50oC à 300oC, le matériau d'impression 3D est extrudé sur la plateforme d'impression pour former un objet durci initial, et l'objet durci initial est fritté et durci afin d'obtenir un objet formé lors de l'étape de frittage.
PCT/CN2017/080602 2016-02-19 2017-04-14 Imprimante 3d métallique, procédé d'impression associé, et matériau d'impression 3d WO2017140281A1 (fr)

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CN201620131545 2016-02-19
CN201610093384.5A CN105583402A (zh) 2016-02-19 2016-02-19 三维打印材料、fdm三维打印机及其打印方法
CN201620131545.0 2016-02-19
CN201610270383.3 2016-04-27
CN201610270383.3A CN105921751B (zh) 2016-02-19 2016-04-27 三维打印机以及三维打印机的打印方法
CN201621339666.0U CN206405427U (zh) 2016-02-19 2016-12-07 Fdm金属三维打印机
CN201621339666.0 2016-12-07

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