WO2017137626A1 - Dispositif de représentation d'informations d'utilisateur et procédé correspondant - Google Patents

Dispositif de représentation d'informations d'utilisateur et procédé correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017137626A1
WO2017137626A1 PCT/EP2017/053151 EP2017053151W WO2017137626A1 WO 2017137626 A1 WO2017137626 A1 WO 2017137626A1 EP 2017053151 W EP2017053151 W EP 2017053151W WO 2017137626 A1 WO2017137626 A1 WO 2017137626A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signals
signal
antenna
transmitter
received
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/053151
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mario Schühler
Lars Weisgerber
Johannes ARENDT
Rainer Wansch
Heinrich Milosiu
Frank Oehler
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102016213234.2A external-priority patent/DE102016213234A1/de
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to EP17707774.0A priority Critical patent/EP3414591B1/fr
Priority to JP2018542249A priority patent/JP2019512671A/ja
Publication of WO2017137626A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017137626A1/fr
Priority to US16/100,137 priority patent/US11092663B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/04—Display arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/762—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted with special measures concerning the radiation pattern, e.g. S.L.S.
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
    • G01S13/867—Combination of radar systems with cameras
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/881—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for robotics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/886—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for alarm systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04—Details
    • G01S3/043—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/16—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived sequentially from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics or from an antenna system having periodically-varied orientation of directivity characteristic
    • G01S3/18—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived sequentially from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics or from an antenna system having periodically-varied orientation of directivity characteristic derived directly from separate directional antennas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for displaying user information.
  • the human eye perceives light in the wavelength range between about 380 nm (violet) and 780 nm (red). Electromagnetic signals, such as those used for the communication of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags or RFID transponders with RFI D readers or RFID readers, are therefore invisible to the human eye Using radio systems, the "visualization" of the waves used can mean an information gain. Depending on the application, it would be advantageous to see the electromagnetic spectrum, for example, from 1 Hz to 100 000 THz.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • WO 2015/067982 A1 discloses eyeglasses with an integrated antenna, via which other mobile electronic devices are detected in the vicinity and associated information is displayed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device and a method to provide a user with additional information about a scene under consideration.
  • the invention achieves the object by a device for displaying user information. Thus, information for a user is displayed or visualized.
  • the device has at least one antenna device, a processing device and a display device.
  • the antenna device is configured to receive signals from at least one transmitter in a scene.
  • the antenna device receives the signals having at least one directional characteristic, which relates to spatially different reception sensitivities.
  • the antenna device thus receives signals of varying intensity depending on the directional characteristic. This also incorporates a directivity of the reception.
  • the antenna device is configured in such a way to send signals with at least one directional characteristic into a scene and to receive signals from at least one transmitter from the scene.
  • the antenna device emits signals having at least one directional characteristic, so that the signals essentially only reach the spatial region which is assigned to the respective directional characteristic.
  • the processing device is configured to process the received signals with respect to the scene and to determine display data.
  • the presentation data refer, for example, in one embodiment to the determined position of the transmitter and refer in a further embodiment to the spatial distribution of the received signals.
  • the processing device in particular, has data available which describe the directional characteristic used in each case. By way of example, these are at least one data record which, relative to positions relative to the antenna device, has a measure of the reception sensitivity of the antenna device for the directional characteristic used.
  • the display device is designed in such a way to represent at least the determined presentation data.
  • the presentation data are also accessible to a user and provide information for him.
  • the device has a position-determining device which provides data via at least one transmitter or via received signals originating from at least one transmitter and transmits them to the device.
  • the position determination device has the antenna device and / or the processing device. Different variants of the position-determining device are described and explained below.
  • the antenna device is designed in one piece or in several parts.
  • the antenna device in one embodiment consists of a plurality of antenna elements which individually or jointly serve the transmission and / or reception of signals.
  • the scenery refers to the area or room in which at least the transmitter is located.
  • the device has a pickup device configured to receive visual images of the scene.
  • it is a camera.
  • the display device is designed in such a way that at least one of the recorded presentation data is superimposed on a representation of at least one recorded visual image.
  • the display device is, for example, a monitor or a display in order to superimpose the display data on the visual image of the scene.
  • the viewer thus receives a spatial reference in order to use the presentation data better.
  • the overlay allows the user to see at different frequencies or to apply information resulting from the evaluation of multiple frequency ranges.
  • the antenna device is designed according to a configuration disclosed in DE 10 2014 223 328 A1.
  • the device has at least one position sensor.
  • the display device is designed such that it represents the presentation data in dependence on data of the position sensor.
  • a plurality of position sensors are present and assigned to the different devices, so that in each case their position or orientation can be determined.
  • the position sensor of the display device is associated and therefore allows the determination of the position of the display device.
  • the display device is designed such that it displays the display data as a function of an orientation of the display device relative to the scenery.
  • the display device is designed in the form of a pair of glasses. In these glasses, therefore, the presentation data are projected. Since the user can align the glasses differently to the scenery, for example, serves a position sensor, the z. B. is fixed on or in the glasses, to the fact that the presentation data are respectively displayed to match the orientation of the glasses and thus in the direction in which the user looks.
  • the position sensor is associated with the receiving device.
  • the display device is configured to display the display data as a function of an orientation of the recording device relative to the antenna device.
  • the antenna device is in particular stationary, wherein the laser sensor of the recording device provides information about which area of a scene originate from the corresponding recordings of the recording device.
  • the presentation device is designed in such a way to represent an optical element based on information determined from the received signals.
  • the optical element is, for example, an icon indicating the position of the transmitter. Alternatively or additionally, it is a name of the sender or the indication that further information is available.
  • the display device is designed in such a way, based on a distance between the transmitter and the display device and / or based on an orientation between transmitter and display device and / or based render the information obtained on an information transmitted by the transmitter.
  • z. B. for the transmitter uses a flashing icon whose flashing frequency increases with decreasing state.
  • the determined information is displayed as a function of an orientation between transmitter and display device. This relates, for example, to a direction from the display device to the transmitter or vice versa or, for example, relates to an orientation of the display device or of the transmitter.
  • the determined information is presented alternatively or additionally based on an information that has been transmitted by the sender.
  • a database is provided, in particular an external database, in which data or information accessed by the processing device is stored. This is used in one embodiment of the evaluation of the received signals or for generating the presentation data.
  • the processing device is designed in such a way, based on the at least one directional characteristic and based on at least one received signal to determine a signal distribution of the transmitter as presentation data.
  • the display device is designed to represent the signal distribution. This embodiment thus enables visualization of the electromagnetic radio-frequency signals received by the antenna device.
  • the signal distribution results from the radiation characteristic of the transmitter and the distribution of the reception sensitivity of the antenna device.
  • the signal distribution follows from the directional characteristic for the emission of the signals, wherein in one embodiment the signal distribution additionally follows from the directional characteristic for the reception of the signals.
  • the signal distribution relates to the distribution of the signal strengths of the received signals in space and in an alternative or supplementary embodiment, the signal distribution comprises a determined change in the signal strength in space.
  • the signal distribution is determined from a plurality of received signals and the respectively used directional characteristics.
  • the display device is designed such, for example, the signal distribution or the transmitter radiated signal strength or a signal strength change in space with a color coding or with a gray scale coding or signal strength lines.
  • the signal strength lines show the spatial progression of signal strengths of the received signals in the manner of contour lines in maps, each line being connected to a selected signal strength.
  • the embodiments may also be combined differently with each other.
  • the data acquisition devices described herein as position determining devices are described.
  • the components of the position determining devices can also separately or z. B. be combined with a separate antenna device. Therefore, z. B. the position determination device partially include an antenna device or alternatively only serve the evaluation of the signals received with a separate antenna device.
  • the position determination devices can also be used independently of the device for displaying user information.
  • the device has a position-determining device.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of different directional characteristics, wherein the directional characteristics each relate to a set of spatially different receiving sensitivities of the antenna device.
  • a control device acts on the antenna device in such a way that at least one of the directional characteristics of the antenna device is activated.
  • the antenna device receives at least one signal originating from the transmitter, this being done with the activated directional characteristic.
  • a data processing device processes the at least one received signal and the set of spatially different receiving sensitivities associated with the activated directional characteristic into a set of weighted received values.
  • the data processing device determines the information about the position of the transmitter at least from the quantity of the weighted reception values.
  • the data processing device and the antenna device belong to the position determination device.
  • the directional characteristics relate to the spatial distribution of the reception sensitivities. Therefore, signals are not uniformly received from all spatial directions, but there are areas from which the antenna device preferably receives signals. This is accompanied by the fact that, when receiving the signals with a selected or activated directional characteristic, there is a connection between the position of the transmitter and the received signal. This relationship is exploited by the data processing device, which is designed to process the received signal and data via the directional characteristic used and thus activated during reception, or the set of spatially different receiving sensitivities. The data processing device determines from the received signal and the data on the distribution of the reception sensitivities a set of weighted reception values.
  • the information about the position of the at least one transmitter can then be determined from the set of weighted reception values.
  • the control device serves the purpose that at least one directional characteristic of the antenna device is activated. In one embodiment, a plurality of directional characteristics are activated so that superimposed directional characteristics occur.
  • the amplitudes and the phases of the signals are available for the evaluation of the received signals. In an alternative embodiment, only the amplitudes of the signals are processed.
  • the control device acts on the antenna device in such a way that a plurality of different directional characteristics of the antenna device are activated.
  • the directional characteristics are activated in one embodiment in particular successively.
  • the antenna device receives at least one signal of the transmitter for each activated directional characteristic.
  • the data processing device processes the received signals and the quantity of spatially different receiving sensitivities assigned to the respectively activated directional characteristic in each case to one of the respectively activated directional characteristic associated set of weighted received values.
  • the data processing device processes the quantities of the weighted reception values belonging to the different directional characteristics with each other.
  • the following embodiments are concerned with the processing of the data of the received signals and the respectively activated directional characteristics by the data processing device.
  • An embodiment includes that the data processing device processes data describing the received signals and the amounts of spatially different receiving sensitivities of the respectively activated directional characteristics, which are present in matrix form, in order to also obtain the sets of weighted received values in the form of matrices ,
  • the data of the received signals and the matrices associated with the directional characteristics are multiplied together.
  • the data processing device adds at least one group of the quantities of the weighted reception values which are associated with different directional characteristics.
  • the group refers to a part of the determined quantities of the weighted received values and is therefore a subgroup or subgroup. In an alternative embodiment, the group refers to all amounts of the weighted received values present to the data processing device. In one embodiment, the data processing device determines a difference at least between two groups of the quantities of the weighted reception values. In one embodiment, at least one of the two groups of the quantities of the weighted reception values has only one set of the weighted reception values and thus only the data of the signal reception with an activated directional characteristic.
  • the two groups are overlapping. In this embodiment, there is thus at least one common set of weighted reception values in both groups. In an alternative embodiment, the two groups are disjoint so that only different amounts of weighted receive values are in the groups.
  • An embodiment includes that the antenna device is a multi-lobe antenna.
  • a multi-lobe antenna (other designation is: multibeam antenna) has several lobes with regard to the reception sensitivity (and thus also the transmission characteristics or corresponding reception sensitivities) or at least several main lobes.
  • the clubs are assigned different directional characteristics. assigns. This is accompanied by the fact that there are in each case a main direction or a main region in the directional characteristics, which is assigned to the respective lobe or the main lobe. In other words, with each directional characteristic activated, signals are received mainly from a spatial area in which the respective (receiving) lobe is located.
  • the directional characteristics of the antenna device designed as a multi-lobe antenna differ from each other by the direction of the lobes.
  • the lobes are in one embodiment, in particular the main lobes, which are given by a main direction of the respective directional characteristic.
  • An embodiment includes that the antenna device designed as a multi-lobe antenna has a single signal output for each switchable directional characteristic.
  • the antenna device always receives signals having a plurality of directional characteristics and that it is possible by the antenna device itself or a downstream component to separate the signals received in total simultaneously with respect to their respective directional characteristics, so that individual signals result, each having a directional characteristic assigned.
  • the activation of the directional characteristic is the selection of the directional characteristic and the evaluation of the signal received with the activated directional characteristic.
  • the activation refers to the electronic activation, so that signals can be received only with a directional characteristic of the antenna device.
  • the data processing device thus processes in each case only one received signal, which is assigned to the respectively activated directional characteristic.
  • the received signals are processed after all directional characteristics have been activated.
  • An embodiment includes that the data processing device per activated directional characteristic, the signals of multiple signal outputs of the antenna device are available, processed in this embodiment, the data processing device Thus, not only the signal of an activated and therefore specially selected directional characteristic, but also the signals associated with other directional characteristics.
  • An embodiment includes that the data processing device adds up a group of the quantities of the weighted reception values and determines the information about the position of the transmitter from at least one accumulation area of the received signals. It is thus determined from which spatial region or from which direction amplified signals originate relative to the antenna device. In one embodiment, it is provided that the data processing device determines the presence of multiple transmitters from a difference between at least two groups of the quantities of the weighted received values. If, for example, there are two accumulation areas, this indicates the presence of two transmitters. In one embodiment, an intermediate result for the information about the position of the transmitter is determined by the data processing device and on the basis of this the directional characteristics are activated for further steps, which cover the corresponding spatial regions for the intermediate result.
  • An embodiment includes that the antenna device emits at least one signal so that a signal emanates from the transmitter.
  • the transmitter is animated to send at least one signal. It is provided in one embodiment that the transmitter receives energy emitted by the antenna device to send out its own signal.
  • the transmitter is, for example, an RFID tag.
  • the signal emanating from the transmitter is a reflection signal resulting from the reflection of the signal emanating from the antenna device at the transmitter.
  • the antenna device and the data processing device are configured to receive and process signals actively generated by the transmitter as signals emanating from the transmitter.
  • the transmitter actively generates signals by automatically transmitting signals.
  • the transmitter is activated by the signal of the antenna device and then actively transmits signals. Active generating means in one embodiment also receiving and transmitting signals with certain changes, eg. As the shifting of the frequency or the imposition of information.
  • the antenna device and the data processing device are configured in such a way to receive and process signals reflected by the transmitter as signals emanating from the transmitter.
  • the transmitter is in this embodiment, for example, an object that is irradiated with RADAR signals and reflects the signals accordingly.
  • the data processing device determines an uncertainty of the determined information about the position of the transmitter as a function of a lobe width of the lobes of the activated directional characteristics of the antenna device designed as a multi-lobe antenna. There follows a further device for determining the data to be displayed via the device described above. The following configurations can also be combined with the previous ones. The same applies vice versa.
  • the device for displaying the user information therefore comprises in one embodiment a position determination device according to a second variant.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of different directional characteristics, each of which relates at least to a set of spatially different reception sensitivities of the antenna device.
  • the antenna device thus receives the signals not in a spatially homogeneous manner but, depending on the directional characteristic, preferably from different spatial regions.
  • the antenna device is designed in such a way to receive in each case at least one signal from the transmitter with different directional characteristics. Since each directional characteristic is associated with its own distribution of sensitivity, the signals of the transmitter are received as different received signals.
  • the reception with the different directional characteristics is done in a temporally offset manner and happens in another embodiment at the same time.
  • the transmitter emits the signals essentially with the same signal strength.
  • a signal processing device is configured in such a way to process the signals received by the antenna device and in each case to determine an amplitude value of a field strength of the received signal.
  • a data processing device is configured based on the directional characteristics and the respective ones Assigned received signals detected amplitude values to determine the information about the position of the transmitter.
  • the antenna device is part of the position-determining device. The determined data are then suitably displayed by the above-described device for displaying user information.
  • the position determination device comprises the antenna device and the signal processing device.
  • signals are received with different directional characteristics. For each of the received signals, an amplitude value is determined which is assigned to the corresponding signal and thus also to the respective directional characteristic.
  • the directional characteristics are connected in one embodiment with a direction of a lobe, so that signals are also received primarily from this direction. Based on data of the directional characteristics and the respective amplitude value, the information about the position of the transmitter is then determined.
  • a control device configured to switch different directional characteristics for receiving signals originating from the transmitter. Therefore, the data processing device is configured to determine the information about the position of the transmitter based on the switched directional characteristics and the associated determined amplitude values.
  • the switching of the directional characteristics means in one embodiment that only the signals of the switched directivity reach the signal processing device. In an alternative or additional embodiment, this intervenes in the antenna device so that signals can be received only with the switched directional characteristic.
  • control device also serves to switch the directional characteristics, via which an excitation signal is emitted. This is for example in passive stations, z. B. RFID transponders required. In one embodiment, therefore, the directional characteristics are also accompanied by a spatially different distribution of radiation.
  • the data processing device is designed in such a way to determine from the determined amplitude values in vector form and data about the directional characteristics a statement about a direction of the transmitter relative to the antenna device as information about the position of the transmitter. In this edition At least the direction in which the transmitter is positioned relative to the antenna device is at least determined. From the amplitude values and the data on the respective directional characteristic, a receive vector is constructed.
  • the antenna device is configured such that the directional characteristics each have a global maximum, which is in each case in a self-sector determined by a pair of azimuth angle and a co-elevation angle in a footprint associated with the antenna device.
  • each directional characteristic receives the strongest signals from the respectively assigned sector. In one embodiment, this also applies to the transmission of signals via the antenna device.
  • the sector is defined by two angles.
  • An embodiment provides that the antenna device is designed in such a way that the directional characteristics each have a secondary maximum, which in each case lies in a sector which differs from that in which the global maximum lies, and which is a predefinable level distance to a level of the global Maximums has.
  • smaller sub-maxima are also provided with respect to the reception sensitivity located in other sectors.
  • the secondary maxima each have a predefinable level difference to the level of the global maximum.
  • the level is an arbitrary measure to be defined for the reception property or, depending on the configuration, also for the transmission characteristics of the antenna device.
  • An embodiment includes that the antenna device is designed in such a way that the directional characteristics each have a secondary maximum, which lies in each case in the same sector as the global maximum, and which has a predefinable level distance to a level of the global maximum.
  • the secondary maxima are in the same sector as the respective global maximum. This further reduces the risk of receiving from neighboring sectors and therefore also increases the uniqueness of the determination of the information about the position of the transmitter.
  • the signal processing device is an RFID reading device which generates a "received signal strength" value as the amplitude value of the field strength of the received signals
  • the transmitters are RFID transponders, so that the signal processing device is therefore also an RFID reader or RFID reader.
  • An embodiment includes that the signal processing device is designed in such a way to identify the transmitter. This happens for example in RFID transponders on the transmitted in the response signals identification data.
  • a signal source is designed in such a way to generate an excitation signal.
  • the control device is designed in such a way to switch in each case a directional characteristic for the emission of the excitation signal.
  • the excitation signal is emitted in an undirected manner without the control device.
  • the excitation signal provides the transmitter with the necessary energy in order to be able to transmit its own signals.
  • the excitation signal is reflected by the transmitter, so that the transmitter is purely passive.
  • signals are only reflected (passively), as in radar signals.
  • An embodiment includes that the control device is designed in such a way to switch the directional characteristic switched for the emission of the excitation signal as directional characteristic for receiving the signal emanating from the transmitter.
  • the excitation signal is sent with a directional characteristic and the received signal is received with the same directional characteristic. Therefore, a space area is particularly considered with the excitation signal and the signal is received substantially only from this space area.
  • it is an active transmitter that emits signals of its own accord. These signals are received by the antenna device and then used to determine the direction information. In one variant, the device is thus only receiving.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of antenna elements.
  • each antenna element is connected to a directional characteristic.
  • the antenna elements are parts of a patch antenna or, alternatively, they are dipole antennas, monopole antennas, monopole-type antennas, chip antennas or loop antennas.
  • the antenna device has a feed network that effects different directional characteristics of the antenna device.
  • the feed network or lobe forming network is designed, for example, as a Butler matrix.
  • the feed network is configured in such a way to output signals received from the antenna device in a split manner in accordance with the directional characteristics.
  • the antenna device in each case receives signals having different directional characteristics at the same time and that the feed network outputs all received signals in each case in accordance with the directional characteristics. It is thus almost a spatial spectral decomposition.
  • An embodiment includes that the antenna device is designed as a multi-lobe antenna.
  • a multi-lobe or multi-beam antenna has multiple directional characteristics, each characterized by a club. The clubs have in one embodiment in different directions.
  • the device for displaying user information comprises a position determination device according to a third variant.
  • the antenna device is in one embodiment part of the position determining device and, alternatively, a separate component.
  • the antenna device is configured to receive outgoing signals from the transmitter.
  • the antenna device has at least one excellent directivity.
  • the excellent directivity refers to a lot of spatially different receiving sensitivities of the antenna device.
  • the excellent directional characteristic which is also referred to as "special” or "selected" has at least one sensitivity minimum, which is assigned to a spatial detection region.
  • a data processing device is designed in such a way to evaluate at least the signals received by the antenna device with the excellent directional characteristic with respect to the position of the transmitter relative to the detection range.
  • the position determination device has the antenna device and the data processing device.
  • the directional characteristic refers to spatially different reception sensitivities. This means that the antenna device with this directional characteristic receives different amounts of signals from different spatial areas. With the excellent directional characteristic it is even provided that there is a minimum in terms of the reception of signals in a spatial detection area. This means that the signals of a transmitter, which is in this detection area, are received only very weakly or not at all by the antenna device. Therefore, if the transmitter sends its signals with the same output power and it moves through the detection range, the field strength of the received signals will decrease significantly or even go to zero. Therefore, the data processing device is configured to evaluate the received signals in which position the transmitter is relative to the detection area. In the simplest case, a minimum of the field strength of the received signal indicates that the transmitter is in the detection range. With a larger field strength, the transmitter is outside the detection range.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of (at least two) different directional characteristics, each of which relates to a set of spatially different reception sensitivities of the antenna device.
  • One of the directional characteristics is the excellent directional characteristic with the mentioned sensitivity minimum.
  • the device has a control device which is designed to switch the directional characteristics for receiving signals emanating from the transmitter.
  • control device in particular also activates the excellent directional characteristic.
  • antenna device has only a directional characteristic, which is thus also the excellent directional characteristic.
  • the following embodiment relates to the fact that, in addition to the excellent directional characteristic, in particular, a further directional characteristic is present.
  • the control device is configured in such a way to switch at least one comparison directivity characteristic of the antenna device.
  • the comparison directivity is a further directional characteristic which has a maximum sensitivity in the spatial detection range.
  • the received signals of the transmitter thus have a higher signal amplitude in this comparison direction characteristic when the transmitter is in the detection range and a lower amplitude when the transmitter is outside the detection range.
  • the data processing device is designed to control the information about the position of the transmitter relative to the detection range, starting from the signals received by the antenna device with the comparison directivity. The actual determination of the position of the transmitter therefore takes place with the signals measured with the excellent directional characteristic.
  • the data processing device is designed in such a way to evaluate signals received by the antenna device at different times with respect to the position of the transmitter relative to the detection range.
  • signals are received at different times and the time profile of the signals or of the data determined therefrom with respect to the position of the transmitter is evaluated.
  • the detection range is associated with a sensitivity minimum, for example, there is a case that the amplitude of the received signals decreases and then increases again. This means that the transmitter must have been between the decrease and again increase in the detection range.
  • the transmitter moves only in one direction relative to the detection area.
  • the direction of movement is parallel to an axis on which the antenna elements of the antenna device are located.
  • the transmitter moves on an axis perpendicular to the detection area. If the transmitter only moves in a known way relative to the detection area, this simplifies the evaluation of the signals.
  • the directional characteristics can be deduced from a sequence of changes in the signals caused by the movement of the transmitter. This in turn makes it possible to deduce from the signals to the position of the transmitter.
  • the excellent directional characteristic results in the sequence of amplitude decrease and then again amplitude increase. This in each case under the condition that the transmitter essentially always transmits the signals with the same field strength.
  • another transmitter follows the above-mentioned transmitter, then it may occur that the signals of the further transmitter are received, but since it is located spatially behind the first-mentioned transmitter, its signals are received with a different reception sensitivity, thus also cause a different signal amplitude, which differ from the expected values for the first transmitter. For example, jumps the signal amplitude, which had previously actually shown a decrease in the signal amplitude. Therefore, a distinction can be made here between several stations.
  • information data about the transmitter are determined from the received signals. This refinement is based on the fact that, for example, RFID transponders also transmit identification data with the response signals. This embodiment therefore allows the separation between the signals from different transmitters by identifying the transmitters each by their own signals.
  • the position-determining device has a data memory.
  • the data processing device is designed in such a way to store data which are assigned to the signals received at different times in the data memory.
  • the data processing device is configured in such a way to determine from the data stored in the data memory the time at which the transmitter is located in the detection area and / or passes the detection area.
  • An already mentioned scheme for the course of the signal amplitudes is: decrease of the amplitude, reaching of a minimum, increase of the amplitude. This in the case that only a reception minimum is present.
  • the time of passage may possibly also be extrapolated.
  • the excellent directional characteristic has a plurality of sensitivity minima associated with different spatial detection regions.
  • the directivity allows the plurality of sensitivity minima that different detection ranges can be monitored.
  • the position of the transmitter can be narrowed down more precisely, ie whether he is z. B. is located between two detection areas.
  • the statements about the position of the transmitter can be verified. This in particular in connection with the evaluation of signals that have been received at different times.
  • a signal processing device is present.
  • the signal processing device is designed in such a way to process the signals received by the antenna device and in each case to determine an amplitude value of a field strength of the received signal.
  • the evaluation of the received signals can be simplified with this embodiment, since each signal is assigned only one value.
  • the data processing device is configured accordingly to process the amplitude values of the received signals.
  • the signal processing device is an RFID reading device which generates a "Received Signal Strength Indication" value as the amplitude value of the field strength of the received signals.
  • data are also determined from the received signals which allow the identification of the transmitter.
  • the position determination device has a signal source, which is designed in such a way to generate an excitation signal.
  • the antenna device is configured to radiate the excitation signal.
  • the signal source is part of the signal processing device and, in an alternative embodiment, is a separate component.
  • the signal source is in particular associated with the signal processing device, which is designed as an RFID reader (or RFID reader).
  • An embodiment provides that the detection area is a plane. In one embodiment, the detection area extends in particular only over one plane. This detects if the station is passing a plane.
  • the antenna device is designed as a multi-lobe antenna.
  • a multi-lobe antenna or multi-beam antenna has different directional characteristics, which are each characterized by a lobe or main lobe. These lobes are at least partially aligned differently in space, so that different areas of space with different reception sensitivities are also measured.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of antenna elements.
  • the antenna elements are components of a patch antenna and, in an alternative embodiment, are individual dipole antennas, monopole antennas, monopole-type antennas, chip antennas or loop antennas.
  • the antenna device has two antenna elements.
  • the control device is designed such that the two antenna elements to switch alternately in push-pull and common mode.
  • the two antenna elements are in one embodiment substantially the same design and therefore have the same characteristics with respect to the reception of signals.
  • the different feed of the antenna elements leads in each case to different directional characteristics.
  • a sensitivity maximum results in a plane that is perpendicular to a connection axis between the two antenna elements.
  • the feed in push-pull creates a directional characteristic with a minimum or a zero point in the plane, which is perpendicular to the connection axis. Therefore, it is provided in one embodiment that the antenna elements are arranged so that the affected plane lies in the detection area. This is also associated with the fact that the directional characteristic, which results from the feed in push-pull, at the same time the excellent directivity and that the directional characteristic, which occurs in the supply in common mode, thewherericht character.
  • An embodiment provides that the antenna device has a feed network.
  • the feed network is designed in such a way to effect different directional characteristics of the antenna device. This refers to the sending and receiving of signals.
  • the feed network is in particular designed such that it outputs the respectively received signal for each directional characteristic insofar as the antenna device with several directional characteristics simultaneously receives signals.
  • Embodiments of a fourth variant of the position determination device as part of the device for displaying user information follow.
  • the following embodiments also allow in part the combination with the aforementioned embodiments.
  • the device comprises a position-determining device according to a fourth variant.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of different directional characteristics, wherein the directional characteristics each relate to a set of spatially different receiving sensitivities of the antenna device.
  • the antenna device has signal outputs, wherein the directional characteristics are associated with the signal outputs.
  • a control device is designed in such a way to connect a signal output of the antenna device with an information reading device and further signal outputs of the antenna device with a data processing device.
  • the information reading device is designed in such a way to determine from received signals data which are transmitted with the signals.
  • the data processing device is designed in such a way to evaluate received signals with regard to their physical properties.
  • the position determination device comprises the antenna device, the control device, the information reading device and the data processing device.
  • the fact that the antenna device has a plurality of directional characteristics means that the antenna device receives signals with spatially different sensitivities, depending on the selected directional characteristic. Or in other words: depending on the directional characteristic, signals from different spatial areas are preferred.
  • the directional characteristics are assigned to the signal outputs.
  • a control device connects a signal output to an information reading device and connects further signal outputs to the data processing device.
  • the information reading device is thus, for example, an RFI D reader for an RFID transponder as a transmitter or a satellite receiver for satellite signals in a satellite as a transmitter.
  • the data processing device serves to determine the physical properties of the signals. In one embodiment, the data processing device also allows the extraction of data from the signals. In an alternative embodiment, the data processing device does not allow to extract data from the signals, so that in this embodiment, the data processing device also requires less intelligence or can be configured simpler. The data processing device is therefore used in the latter embodiment only to determine the physical quantities of the received signals. This is, for example, the signal amplitude or the phase of the received signals. Based on this physical data can then determine the information about the position of the transmitter, z. B. in application of triangulation.
  • the antenna device and the evaluation of the additional received signals supplies the direction information about the transmitter as a supplement to the evaluation of the transmitter signals with regard to the transmitted data or information.
  • the information reading device is associated with the data processing device and is included in a further embodiment of the data processing device.
  • the position determination device has two information reading devices, which are connected by the control device corresponding to the signal outputs of the antenna device.
  • the antenna device is designed in particular such that the antenna device always receives signals with a plurality of directional characteristics. In one embodiment, the antenna device has a plurality of antenna elements which assigned to different directional characteristics, and constantly allow the receiving signals.
  • each directional characteristic is assigned a signal output of the antenna device.
  • An embodiment consists in that the information reading device is designed in such a way to determine both the data transmitted with the signals from the received signals and to evaluate the received signals with respect to their physical properties.
  • the information reading device extracts information or data from the received signals and also determines at least one statement about the physical properties of the signal. For example, if the information reading device is an RFID reader (or RFID reader), not only the transmitted data is detected, but also an RSSI value for the signal amplitude is generated.
  • the data processing device is configured in such a way that the received signals are evaluated only with regard to their physical properties. The data processing device can thus not determine from the received signals any information that has been transmitted with it.
  • the emitted RFID signals for the data processing device are only electromagnetic signals that carry no further information.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of antenna elements. In this case, the antenna elements each have a directional characteristic.
  • the signal outputs are connected to different antenna elements. This is a variant by which the signal outputs receive the signals associated with the associated directional characteristics separately.
  • the antenna elements are in one embodiment elements of a patch antenna. Alternative embodiments are dipole antennas, monopole antennas, monopole-type antennas, chip antennas or loop antennas.
  • the antenna device has a feed network and that the feed network has different directional characteristics of the antenna. nenvoriques causes.
  • the feed network thus serves to generate the directional characteristics
  • An embodiment consists in that the feed network is designed in such a way to separate signals received by the antenna device into the individual directional characteristics.
  • a Butler matrix is realized which serves to separate the received signals into the individual directional characteristics.
  • the antenna device is designed as a multi-lobe antenna.
  • An alternative designation is multibeam antenna.
  • the directional characteristics are characterized by at least one pronounced lobe with respect to the receiving sensitivity.
  • At least one of the directional characteristics is different from the others, at least with respect to the orientation of the lobes.
  • the antenna device of the aforementioned embodiments thus permits the switching of different directional characteristics or the reception of signals with different directivity characteristics, each having a lobe.
  • the legs are aligned in particular in different directions.
  • the multi-beam antenna thus allows reception from respectively different spatial areas, which differ from each other mainly by the orientation of the (main) lobes. Due to the associated reduced spatial area and the knowledge about the orientation of the lobes, the information about the position of the transmitter can therefore be determined.
  • the overall use is made of the fact that amplitude information and phase information are obtained in the reception case by using a multi-lobe antenna, which is excited by a feed network (such as a Butler matrix) and its signal paths.
  • Feed networks such as Butler matrices are typically used on n * m or n * n multi-beam antennas.
  • the antenna elements or the actual antenna has n signal outputs that are routed to the feed network and are guided by the feed network to m signal outputs.
  • the directional characteristics partially overlap.
  • at least several lobes of the different directional characteristics are without overlap.
  • the control device is designed in such a way to connect the information reading device alternately with different signal outputs of the antenna device. Since the signal outputs are connected with different directional characteristics, signals from different spatial regions are thus supplied to the information reading device in this embodiment.
  • the data processing device is designed in such a way to evaluate the received signals with respect to the direction of the transmitter. In this embodiment, it is at least determined in which direction relative to the antenna device, the transmitter is positioned. In a further embodiment, the position or at least the spatial area of the transmitter is determined.
  • An embodiment consists in that the position-determining device has a signal source and that the signal source is designed in such a way to generate an excitation signal which radiates the antenna device.
  • the transmitters are passive components, such as, for example, RFID transponders, they receive a wake-up signal or the necessary energy through the signal source in order to be able to transmit signals.
  • the signal source is in particular a component of the information reading device.
  • the information reading device sends the excitation or wake-up signal having the same directionality with which to receive the response signals supplied to the information reading device.
  • the transmitters are activated, of which the response signal is received primarily.
  • the transmitter is a radio frequency identification transponder.
  • the transmitter is therefore an RFID transponder or RFID tag and the information reading device is correspondingly an RFID reader (or RFID reader), which in particular also has the signal source in order to activate the RFID transponder.
  • the information reading device transmits the activation signal with a directional characteristic, only the RFID transponders within the assigned spatial area are activated.
  • the transmitter is a satellite. Accordingly, the information reading device is a satellite receiver which receives the satellite signals and extracts data transmitted therewith.
  • control device is designed in such a way to connect the information reading device alternately with different signal outputs of the antenna device and in each case further signal outputs of the antenna device with the data processing device.
  • one signal output is connected to the information reading device, and in each case remaining signal outputs are connected to the data processing device.
  • the following embodiments relate to a fifth variant of the position determination device. In this case, combinations of the following with the preceding embodiments can be realized.
  • the device has a position-determining device according to a fifth variant.
  • the position determination device also allows communication with communication devices.
  • the communication devices are the transmitters described above.
  • the position determining device has a transmitting device, a receiving device and a control device.
  • the receiving device is configured to receive signals.
  • the control device is designed in such a way to specify a spatial region in which the transmitting device emits signals.
  • the transmitting device transmits signals that are intended in particular for the communication devices.
  • the receiving device receives signals from the communication devices. In this case, the control device is present, which predetermines the transmission device a spatial region in which signals are transmitted.
  • the specification of the spatial area for the transmission of the signals is done in one embodiment by selecting a directional characteristic or an overlay of directional characteristics through which the signals are transmitted in the selected space area. For example, if a directional characteristic of a transmitting antenna is connected to a lobe shape, the signals are emitted in this lobe or the associated space area. In one embodiment, it is provided that the receiving device is designed in such a way to receive signals from selectable receiving areas. The following embodiments relate to signals emitted by the transmitting device.
  • the transmitting device transmits an activation signal in an undirected manner.
  • at least one signal namely the activation signal, is not sent out only in a spatial area.
  • the activation signal is transmitted here undirected, so that it can reach as many communication devices. This is based on the fact that it is not yet known for the beginning whether and where communication devices are located in the vicinity of the position-determining device.
  • the undirected transmission is conditioned by the available antenna devices.
  • control device is designed in such a way to specify an activation range in which the transmitting device emits an activation signal.
  • a spatial area - the activation area - is thus predetermined, in which the activation signal is transmitted. So it is given a preferred direction.
  • the activation signal is a signal for determining whether communication devices are present and for preparing communication with them.
  • the activation signal also makes it possible to move the communication devices from a passive state to an active state (see the disclosure of DE 10 2009 047 199 A1) or to supply the communication devices with the energy that is required for a communication (in the sense of RFID tags).
  • the activation signal originating from the device or specifically from the transmitting device triggers the communication
  • the desire for communication can also originate from the communication devices.
  • the transmission device is configured to transmit an activation signal with a wake-up identifier for at least one communication device to be activated.
  • the activation signal includes this the statement as to which communication device or communication devices are affected or should be activated.
  • control device is designed in such a way to predefine the receiving device with different reception ranges for receiving signals. Suitable for transmitting signals in selected areas of space in this embodiment, the signals are received only from selected areas of space. In other words, in this embodiment, the receiving device only listens to signals from certain areas.
  • the reception areas are specified such that they are in each case subregions of the activation area.
  • the receiving device has an antenna device.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of directional characteristics which relate to spatially different reception sensitivities.
  • the receiving device is configured to assign the received signals to the directional characteristics.
  • the receiving device thus receives, depending on the respective directional characteristic signals from certain areas of space. Therefore, it can also be specified via the choice of the directional characteristic from which spatial area signals are received.
  • the assignment between the received signals and the directional characteristics is done in one embodiment in that signals are received only with a selected directional characteristic.
  • signals are received with multiple directional characteristics, by a corresponding network -. B. by a realization of a Butler matrix - are divided into the signals associated with the respective directional characteristics.
  • the following embodiments relate to the actual communication between the position-determining device and the communication devices, which take place in particular after the objects and their position have been identified.
  • the position data can be displayed according to the invention.
  • the control device is designed in such a way to specify a communication range in which the transmitting device emits a communication signal. Limiting the communication range requires less power to transmit the signals, and also prevents unaffected communication devices from receiving the signal.
  • a communication device initiates an initiation signal, which means that the communication device wishes to communicate with the device.
  • the control device is configured to specify a communication range.
  • the communication area is specified as a function of a position of the communication device that had sent out the initiation signal. In the communication area then sends the transmitting device from a communication signal.
  • the following embodiment relates to scanning a certain number of fields or areas with respect to the objects or communication devices located there via the directional characteristics.
  • all response signals should be received from all areas. This is for example based on that the transmitting device sends out an activation signal that causes the communication devices to respond. Therefore, in order to realize the localization as effectively and energy-saving as possible, an activation signal should preferably be sufficient to determine the positions of all communication devices. Therefore, the goal is to go through all areas as quickly as possible.
  • the receiving device is designed such, only for a predetermined period of time, the z. B. T VD is called to receive signals.
  • the time duration is predetermined, for example, by the control device.
  • the period T VD is in one embodiment depending on a data rate, which here z. B. with 1 / T b , given, with the communication devices the outside of their signals and in particular their response to an activation signal.
  • the period T V D is proportional to the reciprocal of the data rate.
  • the time period TD is proportional to T B. The means that at a higher data rate, the period for receiving signals from a reception area becomes correspondingly smaller.
  • T is the bit duration.
  • an embodiment provides that the time period TD is predetermined as a function of a number of the reception areas from which the reception device receives signals.
  • the time period T V D inversely proportional to the number of receiving areas is. If, for example, the number of receiving regions is given over the product M * N, then the period T V D is antiproportional to M * N or proportional to 1 / (M * N). This means that as the number of receiving areas increases, the time during which the receiving devices receive signals from the areas decreases. In order to speed up the procedure, it is provided in one embodiment to use more than one receiving device.
  • the period T V D results from the two aforementioned dependencies, so that the time period T V D is, in particular, proportional to T b / (M * N).
  • the predefinable period T V D for receiving the signals is smaller than the bit duration T b . In a further embodiment, the predefinable period is much smaller than the bit duration. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the predefinable period T V D is smaller than the bit duration T b divided by the number of receiving areas. If, in one embodiment, n fields are interrogated, then the period is smaller or preferably significantly smaller than the bit duration divided by the number n of fields. This means: T V D ⁇ T b / n or T V D «T b / n. In the case of two fields, therefore, the specifiable period is less than half the bit duration. This allows the rapid detection of multiple fields within a data bit of duration T b . This also gives the impression of a simultaneous communication between several objects and the central radio unit.
  • the receiving device is configured to determine from at least one received signal an identity identifier relating to the communication device from which the received signal originated.
  • information transmitted by the communication devices in the response signal permits identification of the identity of the communication device or of the associated object.
  • the following embodiments relate to the transmitting device or the receiving device, which have a similar structure or different configurations depending on the embodiment.
  • the transmitting device has a plurality of selectable different directional characteristics.
  • the directional characteristics each relate to a set of spatially different transmission properties.
  • Each directional characteristic thus forms a spatially differently distributed transmission field. Or in other words: The signals are each emitted differently into the room.
  • An alternative or additional embodiment includes that the receiving device has a plurality of selectable different directional characteristics.
  • the directional characteristics each relate to a set of spatially different reception sensitivities.
  • the receiving device receives signals of varying degrees from different areas of space.
  • the transmitting device and / or the receiving device have or has an antenna device.
  • the antenna device is designed as a multi-lobe antenna.
  • a multi-lobe antenna or multibeam antenna has multiple directional characteristics, each characterized by a lobe. The clubs are each aligned in different spatial directions. This is also the main direction in which signals are sent and received from the signals. Thus, each directional characteristic is assigned to a spatial area.
  • the transmitting device and the receiving device use the same antenna device.
  • the transmitting device and the receiving device are designed as one component. Both devices are therefore designed in this embodiment substantially as a unit, which can therefore also be referred to as a central radio unit.
  • the transmitting device and the receiving device are separate units, which are also located at different positions.
  • the communication device has an emitting device and a detection device.
  • the transmission device is designed to emit signals.
  • the detection device is configured to receive signals.
  • the transmission device is configured to transmit the signals such that the signals allow the determination of at least one identity identifier relating to the communication device.
  • the communication device thus emits signals that allow identification of the communication device or an associated object.
  • the communication device is an RFID tag.
  • the communication device according to the disclosure of the published patent application DE 10 2009 047 199 A1 is configured.
  • the transmission device is configured in such a way to send out an initiation signal in order to initiate a communication with a device for communication.
  • the communication device is not only purely passive and responds to a signal reaching it, but the communication device triggers a communication by sending out an initiation signal.
  • the communication device is configured to emit at least one response signal after receiving an activation signal.
  • the communication device after the reception of an activation signal, changes from a passive state to an active state.
  • the communication device is thus activated by a received signal.
  • the communication device receives energy through the activation signal to send a response signal or to send e.g. B. to perform a measurement with a sensor.
  • the communication device has at least one sensor.
  • the emitting device is designed in such a way to emit a signal with a measured value of the sensor.
  • the sensor determines, for example, temperature, pressure, conductivity, pH, flow or level.
  • the measured value is then transmitted by the transmission device.
  • the position determination device executes the following steps in one embodiment: An activation signal is emitted by the position determination device into an activation range.
  • the activation region is given by the non-directional emission of the activation signal and therefore by the design of the antenna device used for the emission and its emission properties.
  • the activation range results from at least one directional characteristic of the antenna device used for the emission, with which a certain spatial distribution of the emitted signals is associated.
  • the response signals are received by the position determining device.
  • the reception of the response signals includes that the reception also provides information about the position or at least the direction of the transmitting communication device relative to the antenna device used. This is done in an embodiment by the use of receiving areas, which are each assigned directional characteristics of the antenna device used for the reception. Therefore, in one embodiment, different directional characteristics are used for reception.
  • a communication area is selected, in particular by using the associated directional characteristic.
  • a communication signal is then sent from the device to the located in the communication area at least one communication device.
  • further signals can be received from the communication area.
  • the device has a position-determining device according to a sixth variant.
  • the position determination device allows detection of at least one object.
  • the position-determining device preferably has at least one transmitting device, at least one receiving device. tion and at least one evaluation device.
  • the transmitting device is designed in such a way to emit signals.
  • the receiving device is configured to receive signals.
  • the evaluation device is designed in such a way to compare the signals emitted by the transmitting device with the signals received by the receiving device and to generate a comparison result.
  • the evaluation device is configured to determine from the comparison result at least whether the object is located between the transmitting device and the receiving device.
  • the signals are electromagnetic (radio) signals.
  • the transmitting device and / or receiving device are designed as a transmitting and receiving device or as a transmitting / receiving device.
  • the antenna device of the device according to the invention for displaying user information is therefore encompassed by the transmitting device and / or the receiving device of the sixth variant of the position-determining device described here.
  • the position determination device thus has components with which signals are transmitted and received. From the comparison of the respective signals it is then at least determined whether an object is located between the transmitting device and the receiving device and therefore in the path of the transmitted signals.
  • the evaluation device is designed in such a way to determine from the signals emitted by the transmitting device and the signals received by the receiving device a damping measure as a comparison result.
  • An attenuation of 100% means that the signal could not pass through the room.
  • an attenuation of 0% means that the space between the transmitting and receiving device for the signals is transparent or free from an object.
  • This attenuation measure subsequently allows further statements about an object, in addition to whether an object is actually present. This is z. B. the determination or classification of at least one material of the object.
  • the position determining device has a plurality of receiving devices at different positions.
  • the evaluation device is configured in such a way to generate for the signals received by the receiving devices a comparison result assigned to the respective receiving device and / or the position of the respective receiving device.
  • the evaluation device is designed in such a way to determine from the positions of the receiving devices and the associated comparison results at least one statement about a property of the object. The statement refers to the presence of the object or material properties or the outline of the object, etc.
  • the signals are received at different locations by the individual receiving devices. Therefore, the emitted signals also traverse different areas of space and therefore allow statements about the presence of an object in the associated space areas or further statements about the object or possibly the objects.
  • the evaluation device for the receiving devices respectively generates a comparison result and uses this in conjunction with data on the respective position of the receiving device to generate at least one more statement about the object - in addition to the statement about its presence.
  • the position of the receiving device relates in one embodiment to a surface element.
  • the evaluation device is designed in such a way to determine a respective attenuation measure for the signals received by the receiving devices.
  • a damping amount is determined per location of the receiving device.
  • An embodiment includes that the evaluation device is configured in such a way to determine an amplitude measure for amplitudes of the received signals.
  • the so-called RSSI value of the received signals is determined. This is the "Receive Signal Strength Indicator", which is a value for the field strength of the received signals.
  • the evaluation device is configured in such a way to determine the attenuation amount from the respective amplitude measure and a calibration measure assigned to the respective receiving device.
  • the respective calibration measure is determined, for example, by a calibration procedure in which it is determined-without an object-with which amplitude a signal transmitted by the transmitter device is received by the receiving device.
  • An embodiment includes that the evaluation device is designed in such a way to determine an outline of the object from the attenuation measurements and the positions of the receiving devices.
  • an extended object usually prevents the passage of the signals for multiple receiving devices or attenuates the signals. Therefore, z. B. from the amount of concealed by the object as receiving devices and the knowledge of their positions are at least closed on the outline of the object.
  • the evaluation device is configured in such a way, starting from the determined outline of the object and starting from - in particular for the or stored in the evaluation - outline data to classify the object.
  • the evaluation device has reference data or special outline data, which make it possible to assign the object to at least one class or a group of objects.
  • An embodiment includes that the evaluation device is configured in such a way to determine a statement about a material of the object from at least one determined attenuation measure or correspondingly from a plurality of determined attenuation measurements. In this embodiment, especially signals are evaluated that can pass the object at least attenuated and are not completely blocked by the object in its path.
  • the transmitting device is designed in such a way to emit at least one signal in an undirected manner, in this embodiment the transmitting device transmits non-directionally into the room.
  • the transmission device is designed in such a way to emit at least one signal into one of a plurality of predeterminable spatial regions.
  • the transmitting device allows the emission of at least one signal in one of a plurality of predeterminable spatial regions.
  • the transmitting device allows signals to be transmitted using different directional characteristics, for example by using different antenna elements.
  • the transmitting device has a special directional characteristic and the transmitting device is mechanically aligned differently.
  • the directional characteristics mentioned consist in one embodiment in that the transmitting device emits the signals in a club shape, so that the signals arrive mainly in the spatial area into which the respective lobe or main lobe points.
  • the transmitting device is designed in such a way to emit signals in a plurality of different spatial regions.
  • the transmitting device aligns the signals in each case in one of a plurality of spatial areas. By emitting the signals alternately into other spatial regions, the space around the transmitting device is subjected to the signals in regions.
  • the evaluation device has a signal evaluation device.
  • a plurality of signal evaluation devices are present.
  • the at least one signal evaluation device is configured to generate the comparison result.
  • the signal evaluation device is assigned to the receiving device.
  • the receiving device is designed in such a way to generate a response signal depending on the comparison result.
  • the evaluation device has a plurality of signal evaluation devices for a plurality of receiving devices. The signal evaluation devices are designed in this way to generate comparison results.
  • the receiving devices are each assigned at least one signal evaluation device, so that the at least one signal evaluation device determines the comparison result for the signal received from the associated receiving device.
  • the receiving devices are configured in such a way, depending on the result of the comparison, to generate a response signal.
  • the receiving device or the receiving devices each have a signal evaluation device which generates a comparison result in each case.
  • the comparison result is used in addition to the evaluation of the object as a criterion, whether the receiving device or the receiving devices generates or generate a response signal. Therefore, the evaluation of the received signals occurs decentrally by the individual signal evaluation devices.
  • reference data from calibrations are available.
  • the data on the signals transmitted by the transmitting device are stored in the signal evaluation devices.
  • the receiving device is therefore in this embodiment, a transmitting device for transmitting or generally for outputting the response signal.
  • the word signal is transmitted wirelessly and is transmitted in an alternative via cable.
  • the output of the response signal is dependent on the comparison result, the amount of data and in particular the energy demand on the side of the receiving device, which is thus a transmitting device can be reduced.
  • the advantage is that not every response signal is output in general but only special ones.
  • the receiving device outputs the response signal only in the presence of a predeterminable condition. So at least one predetermined condition must be fulfilled for the response signal to be output.
  • the receiving devices output the response signals only if a respectively predefinable condition is present.
  • the conditions for all receiving devices are the same.
  • the condition is different for at least one receiving device to the conditions for the other receiving devices.
  • a predefinable condition for outputting the response signal is that a comparison result is present at all, i. H. that the receiving device has ever received a signal.
  • An embodiment includes that the predefinable condition consists at least in that a damping measure determined as a comparison result is greater than a predefinable damping limit value.
  • the response signals are thus output only when a foundeddämpfungshack has been exceeded.
  • these may have limited accuracy in the reception or processing of the received signals. Since there is therefore a certain fundamental fluctuation, a lower limit for the attenuation is specified here. In other embodiments, by specifying the lower limit, the amount of recognizable objects can be restricted.
  • the predefinable condition consists at least in that the comparison result differs from a previous comparison result over a predefinable development limit value.
  • the response signals are only output if the comparison result differs from a previous value beyond a predefinable measure in the form of a development limit value.
  • the result of the comparison does not change or below the development threshold, the response signal is not output. This means that only sufficiently significant changes of the received signal and therefore change in the space in front of the receiving device are signaled by the response signal.
  • This refinement likewise contributes to a reduction in the signals to be transmitted or to a reduction in the energy requirement of the receiving devices.
  • An embodiment includes that at least one receiving device serves as a transmitting device. This embodiment is therefore at least one receiving / transmitting device. In one embodiment, this allows the output of the response signals. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the signals pass twice the space in which the object is or can be located. This z. B. for the identification of the material properties of the object. In one embodiment, it is provided that at least one receiving device is designed in such a way to output signals. In this embodiment, it is thus a receiving / transmitting device.
  • the aforementioned embodiment allows the receiving devices to output the response signals as signals and, in one embodiment, in particular as radio signals.
  • the receiving devices output as response signals a value for the amplitude of the received signals.
  • the determined attenuation measure is output as a response signal.
  • the difference between a value of a currently received signal and the corresponding value of a previously received signal is output as a response signal.
  • the receiving devices also serve as transmitting devices, so that emanate from them the signals that traverse the space in which the object can be located.
  • a total of two Transceiver devices are provided, which are arranged so that the space between them, in which the object in turn can be located.
  • At least one receiving device is designed in such a way to change from a passive state to an active state after receiving a signal.
  • the receiving device described is thus awakened by the received signal.
  • Such receiving devices are disclosed, for example, in the published patent application DE 10 2009 047 199 A1.
  • at least one receiving device has an energy store.
  • the energy storage is for example a battery or a rechargeable battery.
  • An embodiment includes that at least one receiving device is configured in such a way to receive a signal from a predeterminable spatial region.
  • the receiving device has the possibility to receive signals only from a predeterminable area of space. As a result, the receiving device only hears in one direction, so that only one object, which is located in this area, can act on the transmitted signals and thus also on the received signals. There is therefore a selective reception of the signals.
  • the transmitting device transmits the signals in selected spatial area and receives the receiving device signals only from selected areas of space. As a result of the selective transmission and reception, the space between the two position determining devices is scanned piecewise as it were.
  • the at least one receiving device allows the reception of one of a plurality of predeterminable spatial areas.
  • the receiving device as it were, scans the space around it and receives signals only from the selected areas of space.
  • the position-determining device has a holding device and that a plurality of receiving devices are arranged at different positions of the holding device.
  • the mounting device is a wall element in or on which the receiving devices are located.
  • the transmitting device is configured in such a way to emit signals with different frequencies. The different frequencies are used in one embodiment of the determination of the materials of the object.
  • the transmitting device is designed as a multi-lobe antenna.
  • the transmitters in this embodiment is a multi-lobed (alternative designation: multibeam) antenna.
  • multibeam alternative designation: multibeam
  • the receiving device is also a multi-lobe antenna with different selectable lobes.
  • This antenna form allows the receiving device to receive signals selectively from the spatial regions associated with the lobes. In a further embodiment, the signals are received alternately with different lobes.
  • An embodiment includes that the transmission device has a plurality of different directional characteristics and that the directional characteristics each relate to a set of spatially different transmission characteristics (or transmission sensitivities).
  • the directional characteristics thus mean that the signals are transmitted in different spatial areas under different levels.
  • the invention also achieves the object by a method for displaying user information.
  • the method comprises at least the following steps: signals of a transmitter with at least one reception sensitivity that is spatially different received directional characteristic.
  • signals having at least one directional characteristic are sent into a scene, and signals from at least one transmitter are received from the scene.
  • the received signals are processed with respect to the scenery and display data is determined.
  • the presentation data are displayed - in particular for the user.
  • the processing of the received signals includes, for example, the evaluation or further processing of the signals using the digitization of the signals or the offsetting of measured quantities of the signals with data relating to the respectively associated directional characteristic.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of a device according to the invention as
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a visualization by the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a first variant of a position-determining device, 5, a schematic sketch with a further embodiment of the first variant of the position-determining device, a sketch-like representation of a second variant of a position-determining device, a sketch of a footprint and its decomposition in FIG. 16 Sectors for the second variant, a sketch about the assignment of the directional characteristics to the sectors of the illumination area of the second variant, a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the position determination device of the second variant, a schematic representation of a third variant of the position determination device, a schematic representation of two antenna elements one Antenna device and the associated directional characteristics, a coordinate system for the description of the antenna elements of Fig. 13, a representation of the directional characteristic 13, in the case of the two antenna elements of FIG. 13 in direct and balanced mode, a schematic representation of the determination of the position of a transmitter relative to the antenna device with the antenna elements of FIG. 13,
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic representation of the time profiles of the amplitudes of the received signals in the arrangement of FIG. 16,
  • FIG. 18 shows the time profiles of FIG. 17 with superimposed noise,
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic representation of the time profiles of the amplitudes of the received signals in the arrangement of FIG. 16
  • FIG. 18 shows the time profiles of FIG. 17 with superimposed noise
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the position determination device of the third variant
  • FIG. 21 shows a functional representation of a ring coupler as an example of a supply network
  • Fig. 23 is an illustration of the dependence of the standard deviation of the determined
  • FIG. 24 shows a schematic illustration of a position determination device according to a fourth variant and its application, FIG. 24 shows an angle of incidence ⁇ of the noise for an antenna device with three antenna elements;
  • 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating the method performed by the position determining apparatus of FIG. 24;
  • FIG. 26 shows a schematic structure of a position determining device according to a fifth variant in the application
  • FIG. 27 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the position-voting device according to the fifth variant in the application.
  • FIG. 28 shows a schematic sketch of the step 1 of the communication with a further embodiment of the position-determining device
  • FIG. 29 shows a schematic sketch of the step 2 of the arrangement of FIG. 28
  • FIG. a schematic diagram of the step 3 of the arrangement of FIG. 28, a schematic representation of a time course of the passage of fields, a schematic representation of the components of a position determination device in the manner of a block diagram, a schematic representation of a position determination device with a communication device, a schematic representation of a first Application Scenarios, a Diagram of a Second Application Scenario, a Diagram of a Third Application Scenario, an Exemplary Configuration of the Positioning Device According to a Sixth Variant, a State During Applying the Receiving Devices to Signals of the Transmitter, An Example of a Matrix with Determined Path Damping ATTEN ⁇ .
  • FIG. 44 a) -f) the attenuation values determined for the examples of FIGS. 41 to 43, FIG.
  • FIG. 46 shows an exemplary position determining device according to the sixth.
  • Fig. 47 Exemplary response signals for the position determining device of
  • FIG. 48 shows a position determination device for object recognition according to the sixth variant with two transmitting / receiving devices, each with a switchable multi-lobe antenna,
  • FIG. 50 shows another embodiment of the position determination device of the sixth variant
  • FIG. 50 shows an alternative embodiment of the position determination device of the sixth variant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of an example of a device for displaying user information.
  • An optical recording device 1 which is configured for example as a camera, captures a visual image of a scene 10.
  • the scene 10 is an object 12, for. B. a box on which in turn a transmitter 1 1 is mounted.
  • the transmitter 1 1 here is an RFID transponder which responds to a request signal of an RFID reader with a response signal.
  • the transmitter 1 1 can be put into an active state by an activation signal from a passive state, wherein the embodiment of the transmitter 1 1 is in accordance with the published patent application DE 10 2009 047 199 A1.
  • it is an active transmitter, which emits signals of its own. By means of these signals, for example, a communication with a radio unit is initiated so that the transmitter can receive energy for further communication by signals emitted by the radio unit.
  • the transmitter 11 is located on the side of the object 12 facing away from the receiving device 1, so that the transmitter 11 would not be recognizable for purely visual applications. Therefore, the position determining device 2 is provided which receives high-frequency electromagnetic signals of the transmitter 1 1 (these are the response signals of the RFID transmitter here, in an alternative embodiment - not shown - are reflected radar signals).
  • the position determination device 2 has an antenna device 20 with two antenna elements 21 - z. Example in the form of patch antennas or dipole antennas - and a feed network 23 which is connected to the antenna elements 21 and provides different directional characteristics 22, with which the signals of the transmitter 1 1 are received.
  • the directional characteristics 22 relate to spatially different reception sensitivities of the antenna device 20.
  • antenna device 20 is a multi-lobe antenna.
  • the directional characteristics 22 are thus each characterized by a lobe having a main direction or a major axis.
  • the feed network 23 allows operation with two variants: In one variant, only one directional characteristic 22 is used for the reception of signals. Successively signals with different and thus respectively active or switched directional characteristics 22 are received. In an alternative embodiment, 22 signals are simultaneously received with multiple directional characteristics, and by the -. For example, as a butler matrix or alternatively configured as Eigenmodennetz- - feed network 23, the individual, each of the directional characteristics 22 associated receive signals.
  • the signal processing device 24 processes the received signals and thus preferably makes them available in digital form for further processing. In the present case, the sianal processing device 24 determines the physical quantities from the received signals, such as the signal. As the amount of field strength and / or their phase to describe the signals completely.
  • Both values of the received signals in conjunction with data on the respective assigned, ie used for the reception directional characteristic allow the determination of weighted reception values.
  • the data on the directional characteristics are used, for example in the form of matrices. Statements about the position of the transmitter 1 1 can then be determined from all weighted reception values: If, for example, signals with two directional characteristics are only received from the direction of the respectively assigned lobe, then the transmitter 11 is in the area in which the two are located Clubs overlap.
  • the weighted receive values are processed together. For example, weighted receive values present in the form of matrices are added.
  • the overlay - z. B. of all or only groups - the weighted reception values can be z. B. then graph.
  • the signal processing device 24 is designed as an RFID reader or RFID reader and therefore generates only one value for the field strength (so-called RSSI, "Receive Signal Strength Indicator”) for the received signals With the different directional characteristics and the respectively associated amplitude values, a type of receive vector is determined for the received signals.
  • RSSI Receiveive Signal Strength Indicator
  • the processing of the received signals - or their digital representation - and the data on the directional characteristics is done here in the processing device.
  • the processing device 3 also receives the visual images of the recording device 1. Based on the orientation of the recording device 1 and the orientation of the position determining device 2 and the directional characteristics 22 of the antenna device 20 to each other and the location of the scenery 10, the data are merged and on the Presentation device 4 shown.
  • the processing device 3 is integrated directly in the display device 4.
  • an external database 5 is furthermore accessed here, which provides additional data or information about the transmitter 11. This is in the illustrated example, the fact that the transmitter 1 1 also sends data that allow identification. These data or the indication that such data are present are then additionally superimposed upon presentation by the presentation device 4.
  • the display device 4 is, for example, a monitor or a smartphone.
  • a control device 7 is present here, which makes it possible to select a region 13 of the scenery 0, which is recorded by the recording device 1.
  • the control device 7 is here connected to the processing device 3 so that the selected region 13 is suitably taken into account in the superimposition by the data determined via the position-determining device 2.
  • the region 13 in the field of view of the antenna device 20 is examined with increased resolution by the directional characteristics.
  • a position sensor is provided for the alignment between the visual images and the measurement data or the presentation data of the position determination device 2. This especially for the case that the position or orientation of the receiving device 1 or the position-determining device 2 is not static but variable.
  • the receiving device 1 is integrated in the display device 4.
  • the visual range of the display device 4 is matched with the visual range of the antenna device 20 and the position determining device 2, respectively. In one embodiment, this is done via the evaluation of position sensors, some of which are present in trays or smartphones.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a variant of a visualization of the received signals or of the presentation data determined therefrom.
  • the prepared data on the visual image so placed on the camera image.
  • a color coding here are three areas around a radio mast, which acts as a transmitter 1 1, shaded differently. This is thus an embodiment to make signals with visually invisible frequencies visible to an observer.
  • the hatching indicate areas with different field strength of the received signals.
  • the measured quantities of the received signals amplitude and phase
  • the data on the respectively used directional characteristics - that is the spatial distribution of the reception sensitivities - charged. This results in each case weighted receive data z. B. in matrix form. If the signals received with different directional characteristics are processed together by z. B. the weighted received data are added up, the data on the distribution of the transmission characteristics of the transmitter 1 1. This display data here are superimposed on the visual image of the scenery 10.
  • an optical element 14 is added in the form of an arrow, which draws attention to the transmitter 1 1.
  • a plurality of display devices are supplied with the display data of a position-determining device 2.
  • a road user is equipped with a transmitter, so that its position is presented to another participant.
  • the transmitter on a school bag in the field of view of a motorist is displayed.
  • 3 shows an alternative embodiment, in which the display device 4 is designed as glasses. Therefore, eliminates the recording device.
  • the display device 4 is designed as glasses. Therefore, eliminates the recording device.
  • the display device 4 is designed as glasses. Therefore, eliminates the recording device.
  • the display device 4 is designed as glasses. Therefore, eliminates the recording device.
  • the display device 4 is designed as glasses. Therefore, eliminates the recording device.
  • the display device 4 is designed as glasses. Therefore, eliminates the recording device.
  • a position sensor 6 which allows to determine the orientation of the display device 4 relative to the scenery 10, so that the appropriate projection of the presentation data.
  • the position-determining device 2 receives signals from the transmitter 1 1 and is here connected to the processing device 3, which communicates by way of example by radio or via Ethernet (WLAN) the determined information suitable for the orientation of the display device 4 to the display device 4.
  • the processing device 3 which communicates by way of example by radio or via Ethernet (WLAN) the determined information suitable for the orientation of the display device 4 to the display device 4.
  • WLAN Ethernet
  • the glasses 4 Since in the example shown, the glasses 4 is turned away from the transmitter 1 1, would be done according to no representation on the transmitter 1 1 or only a lateral indication that the transmitter 1 1 outside the field of view or in which direction relative to the display device 4 he himself located.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example in which on a display device 4 for the found transmitters, which are to be located here in the illustrated boxes, are identified by optical elements 14 (so-called icons).
  • the presentation data is thus superimposed on the visual image.
  • the recording device 1 is the existing camera in the smartphone.
  • the representation of the additional information is based on the fact that the transmitters allow identification by their emitted signals. This happens, for example, in RFID tags that emit identification data on a request signal.
  • the wake-up or request signal originates from the position-determining device 2.
  • the representation of the transmitter changes z. B. depending on the distance of the presentation unit 4 or as here the viewer, whose hand is shown. This happens z. B. by smaller or larger circles or by color changes in the presentation of the information determined.
  • the representation is thus also dynamic in one embodiment.
  • a transmitter or a special RFID tag If, for example, a transmitter or a special RFID tag is searched for, its position is displayed separately with the optical element. Is the position in a data bank deposited, so the display can also be done if the RFID tag is not located in the reception range of the antenna device.
  • the receiving device 1, ie the camera unit of the smartphone, is offset from the position determining device 2 or especially from its antenna device 20.
  • the position sensors 6 of the position-determining device 2, which thus in particular provides information about the position and orientation of the antenna device 20, and the display device 4 allow a conversion of the display data in order to represent the correct position of the transmitters as a function of the observer position.
  • jammers are detected in the field of view.
  • the visualization allows a user to recognize the position of a radio transmitter in an unexpected location.
  • signals in the GPS / Galileo band can be detected due to their position (not at a satellite position) and field strength (much stronger than the expected signal).
  • aircraft or drones as an example of UAV, i.e., unmanned, uninhabited, or unpiloted aerial vehicle
  • UAV unmanned, uninhabited, or unpiloted aerial vehicle
  • localization in the field of vision is of interest to air traffic controllers, airfield ground personnel, drone pilots and model pilots.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 show embodiments of a first variant of the position-determining device for determining the data which is displayed via the aforementioned device.
  • FIG. 5 shows an application of a position determining device 51 for determining information about a position of a transmitter 52, 52 '.
  • the information obtained thereby or the data is then displayed with the device described above.
  • the positions of two different transmitters 52, 52 '(eg RF! D transponders or generally radio transmitters) are determined, ie localized.
  • the position-determining device 51 has an antenna device 53 which has a plurality of antenna elements 513, of which two are shown by way of example here.
  • the control of the antenna device 53 is done via a control device 54, which is also connected to a data processing device 55.
  • the data processing device 55 there are two ADC converters 56 which convert the signals received from the antenna device 53 into digital form and which each belong to a receive train.
  • the ADC converters are components of the antenna device 53 (which may alternatively be referred to as a receiver) so that the data processing device 55 directly receives the digital signals.
  • the digital signals are then processed by a computing device 57.
  • the antenna device 53 has several specific directional characteristics 58.
  • the control device 54 activates the directional characteristics 58 for the reception of the signals 59 emanating from the transmitters 52, 52 '(whether by active generation or by reflection).
  • the antenna device 53 has signal outputs 51 1, which are each assigned to a specific directional characteristic 58.
  • the antenna device 53 is further configured such that the signal is output at each signal output 51 1, which has been received with the respectively associated directional characteristic 58. This is done here as an example via a Butler matrix. In an alternative embodiment, a self-modem network is generated.
  • the data processing device 55 receives the received signals from a plurality of directional characteristics, ie, from a plurality of signal outputs 51 1 simultaneously.
  • a directional characteristic in one embodiment according to a predetermined scheme between the directional characteristics is changed.
  • the switching between the directional characteristics takes place in one embodiment according to a kind of intermediate evaluation. In this case, for example, one direction is determined. from which amplified the received signals originate, so that in the following measurements the directional characteristics are preferred, which relate to this determined direction.
  • the data processing device 55 evaluates the received signals in such a way that it uses the data describing the directional characteristics.
  • the directional characteristics consist, in particular, in that the antenna device 53 has a respectively assigned receiving sensitivity. Depending on the directional characteristic, there are spatially distributed areas with higher or lower sensitivity for the reception of signals.
  • the -. B. determined by measurements and / or theoretical considerations - filed data on the sensitivities so for further processing that they can be understood as matrices.
  • the directional characteristics are each characterized in particular by a lobe, which specifies a main direction.
  • the data processing device 55 processes the digitized received signals and the directivity characteristics by appropriately multiplying the data by mapping the received signals to the directional characteristics and obtaining weighted reception values.
  • the sensitivities of the directional characteristics recorded as matrices result in a matrix with the weighted reception values per directional characteristic.
  • the multiplication takes place, for example, by accessing already stored tables or value pairs.
  • signals for individual directional characteristics are received at different times. This allows for immobile transmitters to improve the accuracy of measurement and possibly also allows the detection of a movement of a transmitter.
  • the weighted received values are processed together.
  • the matrices are added to the weighted receive values.
  • at least two groups (or subgroups) of the weighted received values are added up in each case, and the difference between the two sum matrices is then formed. This makes it possible, for example, to separate the signals from the two transmitters 52, 52 'located at different positions.
  • the weighted reception values are at least partially applied to the same spatial areas around the position-determining device 51.
  • the weighted receive values are determined using a predeterminable color gamut (or, as in FIG. 7, a scale of gray tones) on a visualization device 510, e.g. As a monitor, a smartphone, a tablet, a handheld or a pair of glasses for virtual reality.
  • a visualization device 510 e.g. As a monitor, a smartphone, a tablet, a handheld or a pair of glasses for virtual reality.
  • the method illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7 for determining information about a position of at least one transmitter thus comprises at least the following steps:
  • a directional characteristic of the antenna device is activated, which relates to a specific distribution of the spatial sensitivity of the antenna device.
  • the respectively associated distribution of sensitivity is known, for. B. by previous calibration measurements or by the theoretical knowledge of the antenna device and their properties.
  • the activation of a directional characteristic means that the signals received via the activated directional characteristic are available for evaluation or further processing or, for B. be registered.
  • a signal of the transmitter is received and processed with the data on the directional characteristic, resulting in weighted reception values.
  • the sensitivity distribution is described by a matrix that is multiplied by the data of the received signal.
  • At least one signal is received and evaluated in each case for the different directional characteristics.
  • the information about the position of at least one transmitter will be determined from the resulting weighted reception values.
  • the information relates, for example, to a direction or a position relative to the position-determining device or relative to the antenna device.
  • the information may also refer to the relative position of two transmitters to each other or to the change in position, etc.
  • the position determining device 51 has in the illustrated example, a signal source 512, the generation of excitation, query or z. Such as so-called quest signals serves.
  • the signals of the signal source 512 are emitted with a selected directional characteristic in the direction of the transmitters 52, 52 '.
  • the respectively activated directional characteristic results in one embodiment in that several of the directional characteristics used for the reception of the signal and in this case assigned to the antenna elements are jointly activated and therefore superimposed.
  • the emission of the excitation signals also makes it possible to measure passive transmitters or their position by being activated by the excitation signal to emit signals and / or to obtain the energy required for this purpose.
  • the latter refers in particular to the case that the transmitters are RFID tags.
  • the transmitters emit the signals by reflection. This is z.
  • a data memory and / or a control unit eg a server PC
  • On the data processing device 55 can thus act through control data nor a server and possibly other clients.
  • the principle of information detection illustrates, particularly with regard to the evaluation, FIG. 6 with reference to an embodiment.
  • a transmitter (not shown here) emits signals 5S1, 5S2 ... 5Sm, which are interpreted here as symbols.
  • the signals 5S1, 5S2 ... 5Sm are received by a multi-lobe antenna 53.
  • the control unit 54 activates the lobes of the multi-lobe antenna 53 or activates the different directional characteristics according to a predetermined pattern.
  • the pattern for switching between the directional characteristics takes place in an embodiment at random. In another embodiment, excellent directions are provided so that it is preferable to activate the lobes pointing in these excellent directions.
  • the signals 59 from the controlled lobe are demodulated and digitized by a receive train.
  • the digitized signals are respectively multiplied by the directional characteristic 581, 582... 58n, which is assigned to the lobes selected by the control unit 54 (see FIG Multiplication sign and the upper box with here three directional characteristics). This results in each case a matrix with weighted reception values 591, 592, 59n.
  • the matrices 591, 592, 59n are summed up (represented by a sum symbol ⁇ ) and stored here, for example, in a memory 5101.
  • a subset (or group) of the matrices is summed up. Furthermore, different subsets of the matrices can be formed and added up. This allows the detection of multipaths of the signals or the detection of multiple radio signals or transmitters.
  • a subset U1 is formed from the matrices 591 and 592.
  • a further subset U2 is formed from the matrices 591, 592 and 593, etc.
  • the comparison between the accumulated subsets can provide information about the number of radio transmitters or transponders and the existence of multipath.
  • the subsets or groups may be overlapping or non-overlapping.
  • the desired signal 5102 is taken from the stored matrices in the illustrated example.
  • At least one matrix of the weighted reception values is transmitted as a reception value matrix to a visualization unit.
  • a visual direction determination is preferably carried out by a coloring of the matrix values.
  • the maximum of the matrix can also be searched for and marked.
  • a desired field of the matrix can be further processed digitally or transferred to a further processing unit via a digital to analogue converter.
  • FIG. 7 shows a parallel processing of a plurality of receive trains-that is, paths for receiving signals from the antenna to the evaluation device-when a merge-well antenna 53 having a plurality of outputs 51 1 is used:
  • Parallel processing of multiple receive trains is made possible here by using a multi-lobe antenna 53 having a plurality of (here two) outputs 51 1 and preferably several receive trains. If a plurality of outputs 51 1 of the multi-beam antenna 53 and therefore several receive trains are available, then a plurality of paths can also be processed in the data processing device 55. This particularly relates to the case where the multi-beam antenna 53 can output the signals received with the other directional characteristics even if only one directional characteristic is activated. For this purpose, for example, the Butler matrix is implemented in the antenna device 53.
  • the evaluation is limited to the multiplication of the received signals with the data of the respective directional characteristic. In one embodiment, only these weighted receive values are also added up, so that even here little processing effort arises. In particular, no complex data is needed.
  • the data volumes to be processed are reduced by evaluating only selected subareas corresponding to the desired directions from the data present in the form of matrices.
  • the antenna device has a plurality of individual antennas, which are connected to the receiving unit by a switching matrix.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 Embodiments of a second variant of the position-determining device are shown in FIGS. 8 to 11.
  • FIG. 8 shows an application of the position determining device 61 for determining the position of a transmitter 62.
  • the position determining device 61 has an antenna device 63 having a plurality of antenna elements 68 through a control device 64, a signal processing device 65, and a data processing device 66.
  • the antenna device 63 is here a multi-beam antenna.
  • the control device 64 acts on the antenna device 63 to specify which directional characteristic 67 is to be switched, so that the signal received via this directional characteristic is supplied to the signal processing device 65.
  • the signals received by the antenna device 63 are transmitted by the feed network. Werk 69 the individual directional characteristics 67 associated output.
  • each of the n antenna elements 68 of the antenna device 63 has a directional characteristic 67 and, in turn, one of the n antenna inputs 621 (an alternative designation is output ports) of the feed network 69.
  • the m signal inputs 620 of the feed network 69 are in each case individually connected to the signal processing device 65 via the illustrated switch 612, so that only the received signal of this one directional characteristic is further processed. This can then be a specific
  • Directional characteristic ⁇ select or switch.
  • Such an embodiment therefore allows a parallel evaluation of signals associated with multiple directional characteristics.
  • the feed network 69 z. B. is designed as a Butler matrix.
  • the feed network 69 provides for each directional characteristic with which the antenna device 63 has received signals, each of which has correspondingly separate signals. Therefore, in this embodiment, the feed network 69 outputs at each of the m signal inputs 620 the signals received via an associated directivity 67.
  • the n antenna elements 68 are connected to n antenna inputs 621 of the feed network 69.
  • a single signal processing device 65 is sufficient, for each of which a directional characteristic 67 is switched by establishing a connection between the signal input 620 of the respectively desired directional characteristic 67 and the signal processing device 65.
  • the signal inputs 620 thus serve to output the received signals.
  • the property as signal input 620 results because they serve as input for the excitation signals.
  • the signal processing device 65 determines from the received signals in each case an amplitude value of the field strength of the signals. So it is a measure of the signal strength generated. At the same time, only one value results per measurement or per switched directional characteristic.
  • the signal processing device 65 is in particular designed such that it also extracts information from the respective received signal, which the transmitter has impressed on the signal emanating from it.
  • the information is measured values transmitted by the transmitter 62 or, for example, at least an identification mark of the transmitter 62.
  • the signal processing device 65 reduces the received signals, in particular, only to the amplitude value, so that the intrinsically complex signals - with magnitude and Phase - reduced to one reading.
  • the information transmitted with the signal is to be considered separately from the physical properties. Therefore, multiple directional characteristics 67 are switched using a control logic 610, which is part of the antenna device 63 here, and the amplitude value is determined in each case.
  • the position of the transmitter 62 is subsequently determined.
  • the data processing device 66 which optionally also has a data memory, for. B. for storing the data on the directional characteristics, has.
  • the directional characteristics 67 each have a main direction due to their lobe shape. Therefore, due to the different directional characteristics 67, signals from different directions and regions are received, so that ultimately the position values are determined by the amplitude values and the associated distributions of the reception sensitivities of the directional characteristics, that is, from the data associated with the directional characteristics and descriptive of their reception sensitivities of the transmitter 62 can be determined.
  • the transmitter 62 is in a range from which signals having only directionality 67 can be received. Therefore, a signal can be received only with this directional characteristic or only with this directional characteristic is an amplitude value not equal to zero. Therefore, the amplitude values can be used to deduce the direction in which the transmitter is relative to the antenna device 63.
  • the ascertained amplitude value also allows a statement about the distance to the antenna device, insofar as, for example, the reception sensitivity decreases with increasing distance.
  • the position-determining device 61 here has a signal E 61 1 in order to transmit excitation signals in the direction of the transmitter 62 using the different directional characteristics.
  • the transmitter 62 can be purely passive, in that it z. B. is an RFID tag that responds with a response signal to the excitation signal. Or it is, for example, a radar application in which the signals emanating from the transmitter 62 are reflection signals.
  • the signal source 61 1 is a component of the signal processing device 65, which is, for example, an RFID reader.
  • the application with an RFID tag as transmitter 62 is, in particular, a conventional RFID reader or a so-called RFID reader.
  • RFID reading device 65 evaluates a signal originating from an RFID tag by, on the one hand, extracting the data transmitted by the RFID tag, e.g. B. Identification data, and by on the other hand generates a so-called "Received Signal Strength Indicator” (RSSI) value, which is an indicator of the field strength of the received signals.
  • RSSI Receiveived Signal Strength Indicator
  • the total room area or illumination area ⁇ is given as follows:
  • ⁇ is the azimuth angle and ⁇ the co-elevation angle.
  • the angles each have an under limit cp, and ⁇ , as well as an upper limit c y and 9 U.
  • spatial sectors Q, j are formed, with each of which a directional characteristic of the antenna device corresponds.
  • the directional characteristics fc are distinguished in one embodiment in that they have their global maximum in an associated sector. In addition, no further maxima occur in any of the remaining sectors up to a certain predefinable level spacing below the global maximum.
  • the sector Qjj is given by the definition:
  • the sector ⁇ the following directional characteristic is assigned:
  • the polar pattern has its global amount excessive maximum in the interval ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ (p u, i, and eu-se-se u j.
  • the directional characteristics are set by a corresponding feed network 69.
  • Each signal input (alternative designation is: input gate) 620 of the feed network 69 corresponds to a specific directional characteristic 67, as sketched in FIG. 8 for a multi-beam antenna.
  • the directional characteristics are, in particular, so-called gate-direction characteristics.
  • the feed network 69 is in one embodiment a eigenmode network.
  • the feed network 69 is implemented as a Butler matrix whose signal inputs 620 correspond to mutually orthogonal feed vectors. Alternatively, it is a network 69 that generates arbitrarily oriented feed vectors.
  • each gate at the input (ie each signal input) 620 corresponds to the antenna device 63 or the feed network 69 with a directional characteristic k according to equation (5) which corresponds to a radiation maximum in the sector ⁇ , (according to equation (2)). leads.
  • the multi-beam antenna which is exemplary here, has as antenna device 63 n antenna elements which are connected to the n antenna inputs 621 of the feed network 69 and are excited or switched via the m signal inputs 620.
  • the input vector '1 of the formula (8) as a vector of the excitation signal is proportionately divided among the feed vectors ⁇ l .
  • the reception case is explained on the basis of the vectors on the right-hand side (connected by the schematic arrow pointing downwards) of FIG. in accordance with equation (9) into its components of the individual directional characteristics 67.
  • the lower level of the feed network 69 transforms in shape
  • a directional characteristic k is switched.
  • one of the input ports 620 of the feed network 69 is selected and connected to the signal processing device 65 or to the signal source 61 1.
  • the antenna device 63 emits an excitation or interrogation signal on the selected directional characteristic.
  • the achieved or excited or awakened with the directional characteristic transponder 62 send back a response signal, the u. a. contains the identification of the transponder.
  • the response signal is received via the antenna device and the part of the
  • Signals which correspond to the selected directional characteristic are available to the reading device as an embodiment of the signal processing device 65.
  • the reader 65 evaluates the response signal and provides the identification of the transponder and a measure of the received signal strength (RSSI value).
  • transponder generally the transmitter
  • This process is performed for multiple directional characteristics 67. So it will be the
  • Signal components in the individual fc read out successively and the transponder signals or the amplitude amounts can be assigned to the directional characteristics.
  • a total of one vector is constructed for the position of the transmitter.
  • the values of the entries result from the magnitudes of the field strengths of the respectively received signals and the basis vectors result from the associated directional characteristics, e.g. B. the respective direction of the club.
  • FIG. 11 shows an alternative embodiment of the position determination device 61 of the second variant.
  • the antenna device 63 is also designed as a multi-lobe antenna and has the control logic 610 and the data processing device 66.
  • the vector ⁇ y l also depends on the direction of arrival of the received signal.
  • the possible complex vectors for different angles of incidence must first be determined. It is therefore necessary to determine the directional characteristic and its spatial distribution of the reception sensitivity (or, as a rule, its properties with regard to the spatial distribution of the transmission). This can be done by simulation or iviesöui ly uei - ⁇ ii dy en uiyei i, uci uci uuei ucn i nuaicuui uuci ci i ⁇ - yci naio uci on in (1) - the vectors are recorded for all angles of incidence. The illumination rich is passed discretely, so that finally a countable (finite)
  • Amount of known angles of incidence and thus vectors "i ⁇ - 'and u, 2 ⁇ M tj results in the high position (s) indicates that it is determined for discrete angle of incidence vectors principle is Steering-.. vectors.
  • the vectors (( ⁇ ) may be measured on the one hand to the Antennenfußddlingen and the vectors b calculated on the Scatter matrix 21 are determined. It is thus sufficient to determine the directional characteristics of the individual antenna elements in the array without the feed network. On the other hand, the gate rectification characteristics of the array, ie with feed network, can be measured and thus the vectors 1 v J can be determined directly.
  • the angle of incidence ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ results directly from the complex vector 1 or from an arbitrary direction estimation algorithm which is applied to the vector. It is also possible to determine a time average over several consecutive angles of incidence, which are determined over several switching cycles. This reduces the variance of the estimated angle and thus the measurement uncertainty. In practice, adjacent secondary maxima of the directivity characteristics to a certain maximum level relative to the level of the main maximum are usually to be limited in order to be robust against possible uncertainties due to superimposed noise. Otherwise, ambiguity may occur in the direction determination.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows an example architecture of the corresponding structure of the position determining device 61, with which the available directional characteristics
  • ⁇ k can be read in accordance with the procedure described above and the angle of incidence of the identified tags (or transmitter) 62 can be determined.
  • the multi-beam antenna 63 comprises in addition to the antenna elements 68 and the feed network 69 a Hochfre- quency switch (RF switch) 612 and a control logic 610. With the help of the control logic 610 via the RF switch 612 the desired Torricht characterizing ⁇ (see definition (5)) set.
  • An RF signal connection is used to send the HF Signal as an excitation signal from the external RFID reader 65 (which thus comprises the signal source 61 1 of the embodiment of FIG. 8) and the received signal for the RFID reader 65 is provided.
  • An external control device 64 relative to the antenna device 63 allows control of the reader 65 and the multi-beam antenna 63.
  • the direction of arrival of the transponder signals is determined according to the equation (13).
  • the RSSI values and the transponder identification originate from the RFID reader 65.
  • FIGS. 12 to 23 show embodiments of a third variant of the position-determining device 71.
  • individual components and embodiments can also be transferred to the preceding embodiments or the embodiments described above can also be supplements for the following embodiments.
  • Fig. 12 shows an application of a third variant of a position determining device 71, which it u. a. allows to indicate if and when a transmitter 72 passes a detection area 76.
  • the position-determining device 71 has an antenna device 73, which has at least one excellent directional characteristic.
  • the directional characteristic relates to a spatial distribution of the sensitivity of the antenna device 73 for receiving signals, which emanate here in particular from the transmitter 72.
  • the antenna device 73 has multiple directional characteristics.
  • three antenna elements 710 are used, which are controlled by a control device 74 via the network 71 1.
  • the antenna device 73 is in one embodiment a patch antenna.
  • the antenna elements 710 are dipole antennas, monopole antennas, monopole-like antennas, chip antennas or loop antennas.
  • One of the directional characteristics is the already mentioned excellent directional characteristic, which is assigned to the definition area 76.
  • the antenna device 73 has only a single directional characteristic, which thus also ensures the excellent directionality. is characteristic.
  • the illustrated embodiment having a plurality of switchable directivity characteristics will be discussed.
  • the feed network 71 1 is provided for switching the different directional characteristics for emitting a stimulus signal or for receiving the signals emanating from the transmitter 72.
  • the feed network 71 1 represents in the example a realization of a Butler matrix (in an alternative embodiment a self-mode network is used) and provides at its output the signals as they have been received with the individual directional characteristics.
  • the switching of the directional characteristics therefore means that the signal which has been received with the switched directional characteristic is fed to the evaluation or is specially evaluated.
  • the switching of the directional characteristics means that only the switched directional characteristic is present through a direct intervention on the antenna device 73, ie. H. that the antenna device 73 can receive signals only with the switched directional characteristic.
  • the processing of the received signals or the resulting data is performed by the data processing device 75.
  • the data processing device 75 is connected to a signal processing device 77 which determines an amplitude value of the field strength for the received signals.
  • the signal processing device 77 is correspondingly designed in such a way that it generates a so-called "Received Signal Strength Indication” (RSSi) value as an amplitude value.
  • the signal processing device is 77 is also configured to extract information from the received signals, for example an identification code or measured data, which means that the signal processing device 77 is, for example, an RFID reader or an RFID reader.
  • a signal source 78 is also present in the embodiment shown, which generates excitation signals.
  • the excitation signals are output via the antenna device 73, depending on the application with individual directional characteristics or essentially undirected.
  • the excitation signals are, for example, so-called request signals, via which the transmitter 72 in the form of an RFID tag asked to set up a data communication and via which the transmitter 72 possibly receives the energy required for the communication.
  • request signals via which the transmitter 72 in the form of an RFID tag asked to set up a data communication and via which the transmitter 72 possibly receives the energy required for the communication.
  • directional characteristics are combined in one embodiment, so that overlays result for the emission of the signals.
  • the feed network 71 1 allows - as already mentioned - for the received signals, the separation into the individual directional characteristics.
  • the signal source 8 is a part of the signal processing device 77. This corresponds to the customary in the prior art embodiment of RFID readers, which themselves generate the activation signals.
  • the antenna device 73 serves to receive and transmit signals, that the directional characteristics relate not only to the spatial distribution of the sensitivity, but also to the transmission characteristics of the antenna device 73.
  • the data processing device 75 is connected to a data memory 79 in order to store data there via the trajectory of the transmitter 72.
  • the trajectory of the transmitter 72 is determined with the history data relating to the respectively determined positions of the transmitter 72 and, for example, ambiguities are canceled even in the presence of several transmitters and the signals are assigned to the transmitters. For this purpose, appropriate plausibility considerations are provided.
  • the selected directional characteristic here has a detection region 76, perpendicular to which the transmitter 72 moves in the example shown.
  • the transmitter 72 moves parallel to the antenna elements 710 and perpendicular to the detection area 76.
  • the peculiarity of the detection area 76 is that the sensitivity of the antenna device 73 in this spatial area is minimal.
  • the position determining device 71 thus uses a signal minimum to determine whether the transmitter 72 passes the associated detection area 76. Thus, in the detection area 76, when the transmitter 72 is in this location, no or only a very weak signal is received by the antenna device 73.
  • the antenna device 73 here has a total of three detection areas 76, 76 ', in each of which a reception minimum is located and which the transmitter 72 passes one after the other. Thereby, the reliability of the detection of the passage of the central detection area 76 can be increased.
  • the reliability of the measurement is increased in particular in that the control device 74 sets different directional characteristics, each having different sensitivities and location assignments, so that measurement inaccuracies or ambiguities can also be compensated.
  • the antenna device 73 has at least one further directional characteristic, which has a sensitivity maximum in the detection region 76. Ie. The antenna device 73 is just very sensitive to receiving signals with this other directional characteristic. Therefore, in this embodiment, the signals of the excellent directivity and the comparison characteristic are evaluated together to increase the measurement accuracy.
  • FIG. 13 shows the two antenna elements 710 (labeled A and B) of an exemplary antenna device designed as a multi-lobe antenna.
  • the two antenna elements 710 each have a club-shaped directional characteristic 712.
  • a multi-beam antenna consists of a set of n antenna elements 710 (or radiators, eg, dipoles) connected to a feed network (see Fig. 12). At each of the n outputs of the feed network, an antenna or an antenna element is connected.
  • the m inputs of the feed network which respectively serve to output the signals received by the antenna elements 710 and to feed in the RF signals to be transmitted via the antenna elements 710, correspond in one embodiment to each other.
  • FIG. 14 shows a coordinate system with the three axes x, y and z and the reference point R in the origin of the coordinate system.
  • the two antenna elements 710 (A and B) are arranged in the illustrated example along the x-axis.
  • An observation point V is described by an azimuth angle ⁇ in the x-y plane and a co-elevation angle ⁇ relative to the z-axis.
  • dü sin ⁇ * d ⁇ * d ⁇ .
  • the directional characteristics c 1 of the antenna device have special properties. Further, consider the two-element antenna array of FIG. 13.
  • both antenna elements 710 (that is to say A and B) each have the addressed (complex) radiation characteristic
  • Equation (4) describes the eigenvalue decomposition of the radiation matrix , Each column represents in one of the n eigenvectors and each main diagonal element in describes the associated eigenvalue s .
  • the eigenvectors J describe the fundamental excitation vectors of the antenna device, which here is an antenna array with the antenna elements.
  • vectors J are orthogonal in pairs if no eigenvalues A j occur more than once. If eigenvalues A j occur more than once, then an orthonomic basis must be found for them whose base vectors are orthogonal to one another.
  • the eigenvectors J have a length of one. With the eigenvectors hen certain directional characteristics
  • the eigenvectors provide a special orthonormal basis of possible feed vectors.
  • other orthonormal bases can be determined so that the feed network does not necessarily have to be a self-mode network. It is necessary that at least one zero be expressed in one of the directional characteristics along a given direction.
  • the antenna elements 710 are thus fed either in common mode ("even mode”: 1 / V2 and 1 / V2) or in push-pull mode ("odd mode”: 1 / V2 and -1 / V2).
  • the resulting magnitude directional characteristics are shown in FIG. 15 qualitatively for the x-z plane.
  • the directivity 712 for the common mode is shown with solid lines and the push-pull with broken lines.
  • the illustrated directivity characteristics result in particular through a Eigenmodennetztechnik.
  • FIG. 16 shows a scenario in which an object with an RFID transponder as transmitter 72 is conveyed parallel to the x-axis at constant speed (v).
  • the received signal of the individual modes varies since the angle of incidence is a function of time.
  • the position of the transponder in the x-direction can be assigned a time t. Shown are the two positions of the transmitter 72 at the time t1 and thus before the detection area 76 and at the time t2 and thus after the passage of the detection area 76.
  • the respective angle of incidence ⁇ as an angle of the incident response signal (indicated by the arrows, starting from the transmitter 72) to the z-axis thus varies with time t.
  • the two antenna elements are located on the x-axis and are centered around the origin of the coordinates, so they are equidistant from it.
  • the received signal in push-pull (broken line) at this time of passage of the detection area is minimal while it is in common mode (solid line) is maximum.
  • the transponder can thus be distinguished from a subsequent transponder, which is also read, at this time of the passage of the detection area, since the signal of the subsequent transponder is received both in Gleichais in push-pull.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates the timing of the received signals of Fig.
  • FIG. 19 exemplarily shows the determined standard deviation of the determined angle of incidence ⁇ for varying signal-to-noise ratios for the structure according to FIG. 16.
  • the standard deviation Var ( ⁇ ) of the estimated angle of incidence ⁇ in degrees (°) is plotted on the y-axis.
  • the transponder moves at a constant speed of 3 m / s for the example.
  • FIG. 20 A possible embodiment of the position determination device 71 with two antenna elements 710 is shown in FIG. 20.
  • the antenna array of the two antenna elements 710 (designated A and B) is connected to a self-mode network as a feed network 71 1.
  • the inputs (labeled C and D) of the feed network 71 1 can be selected via a switch for high-frequency signals (RF switches).
  • the input of the switch is connected to the RFID reader, which serves as signal processing device 77 here.
  • the RFID reader also includes the signal source 78, so that the RFID reader provides the excitation signal for the transponder and evaluates their response signals.
  • the switching of the inputs of the feed network 71 1 via a control logic 713, which is here a part of the antenna device 73.
  • the inputs C and D of the feed network 71 1 are the inputs for the RF signal as an excitation signal of the signal processing device 77. In addition, they are the outputs for the signals received by the antenna elements 710. Each input is also a directional characteristic, ie either push-pull or common mode, so that the switch allows the change between the two directional characteristics.
  • the reading of the transponder and therefore the reception of the signals is controlled by a control device 74, which acts on the control logic 713.
  • the transponder signals are alternately read in the embodiment shown in common mode and push-pull.
  • control logic 713 controller 74 and data processing device 75 is to be understood here in terms of their functions. Different embodiments can be implemented for the realization.
  • FIG. 21 An implementation of a eigenmode network as a feed network 71 1 is shown in FIG. 21 for the antenna array of FIG. 13 consisting of two antenna elements (antenna A and antenna B).
  • the embodiment is a ring coupler which depends on the fed Tor (ie the respective input of the feed network in the direction of the RFID reader according to FIG. 20, here designated C for push-pull input and D for common mode input) a common-mode signal or a push-pull signal provides.
  • a ring coupler is used in particular when a self-modal network is implemented.
  • the principle of self-mode powering can be applied to arrays with any number of antenna elements:
  • FIG. 22 shows by way of example the signals of an antenna device which has three antenna elements (see FIG. 12).
  • the three antenna elements are on the x-axis and centered around the origin of the coordinates. There are three fashions.
  • the estimated time of the minimum in the push-pull signal must occur between the times for the minima in the signal of the third mode.
  • the zero position in push-pull mode is sharper because of the larger aperture than in the two-element array, with an equal distance between the antenna elements is assumed.
  • Fig. 23 shows the standard deviation ⁇ it -j estimated incident angle ⁇ as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio p, which has been determined on the basis of the signals in push-pull mode (solid line) and on the basis of the signals in push-pull mode and the third Fashion (openwork thick line). For comparison, the result for the push-pull mode of the two-element array is plotted (broken thin line, see Fig. 19).
  • the comparison of the variances between a two-element and a three-element array shows that the combination of push-pull mode and third mode has a lower standard deviation than the push-pull mode of the two-element array.
  • the push-pull mode of the three-element array results in signal to noise ratios of less than 13 dB higher standard deviations than the push-pull mode of the two-element array.
  • the standard deviation of the push-pull mode approaches the standard deviation resulting from the combination of push-pull mode and third mode. This follows because the uncertainty in estimating the angle of incidence and thus the dispersion around the expected value decreases. It is becoming increasingly unlikely that the minimum in the time signal of push-pull mode will not occur between the minima of the third mode.
  • FIGS. 24 and 25 show a fourth variant for obtaining the data represented by the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 24 shows a schematic embodiment of a fourth variant of the position determining device 81, which serves to determine the position of the transmitter 82.
  • the position-determining device 81 has an antenna device 83 which, by way of example, has three antenna elements 87 here.
  • the antenna elements 87 are connected to the outputs of a feed network 88. Via the feed network 88, the respective directional characteristics 89 connected to the antenna elements 87 can be generated and switched to the control device 84. For sending z. B. of excitation signals, the directional characteristics can also be superimposed, which has a corresponding effect in the signal shaping. Inversely, if the antenna device 83 receives signals, they are split by the feed network 88 into the individual directional characteristics and output one by one via the signal outputs 810. Therefore, in the example shown, the antenna device 83 also has three signal outputs 810 in the case of three antenna elements 87 and three directional characteristics 89.
  • the control device 84 is present, which connects the signal outputs 810 with the information reading device 86 or with the data processing device 85 combines.
  • the control device 84 connects a signal output to the information reading device 86 and the remaining signal outputs 810 to the data processing device 85.
  • the information reading device 86 and the data processing device 85 both process and evaluate the received signals.
  • both devices 85, 86 evaluate the signals in terms of their physical properties.
  • Both devices 85, 86 an amount of field strength of the signals or possibly also the phase values of the intrinsically complex signals. The difference, however, is that only the information reading device 86 also extracts information from the signals transmitted from the signals as data. Ie. only the information reading device 86 may, for.
  • the data processing device 85 also has the ability to extract data.
  • the illustrated position determination device 81 as a whole allows the evaluation of the received signals with regard to their physical properties and with regard to the information about the position of the transmitter 82.
  • these are in each case signals received simultaneously, which result from an emission of the transmitter 82.
  • the data processing device 85 also receives data (for example the determined RSSI value) from the information reading device 86 in order to determine the information about the position of the transmitter 82 or at least about the direction as a whole.
  • data for example the determined RSSI value
  • the position determination device 81 since the transmitter 82 is a passive transmitter in the form of an RFID transponder, the position determination device 81 additionally has a signal source 81 1 which generates an excitation signal, which is emitted via the antenna device 83 and received by the transmitter 82 in turn, to be able to radiate the signals.
  • the transmitted information is at least one identifica- tion identifier of the transmitter 82.
  • the signal source 81 1 and the reader 86 belong to a device. It is thus, for example, an RFID reader.
  • the position determination device 81 thus makes it possible, in one embodiment, to provide amplitude and phase information of the received signals of the transmitters 82 or, in particular, RFID transponders which have been stimulated by one or more readers as the corresponding information reading device 86. This is done with a multi-beam antenna as antenna device 83, the individual elements or antenna elements 87 are connected to a feed network 88, such as a Butler matrix.
  • Such a club-forming network 88 typically has a plurality of inputs and outputs. By controlling at least one of these gates 810 (ie, an input or output), a definite shaped directional characteristic (lobe) 89 is formed for the transmission case. When feeding the other gates 810 results in each case a different club shape.
  • a port 810 of the antenna device 83 is connected to the signal source 81 1 (in an alternative embodiment - not shown - would be the connection of the antenna device 83 to the information reader 86) to send out the excitation signal with the corresponding directional characteristic 89 ,
  • the RFID transponders are excited as transmitters 82.
  • the incident signals are tapped via the same gate (ie via the signal output) 810 and fed directly to the RFID reader as an embodiment of the information reading device 86, in particular substantially without signal power loss.
  • the signal information of all lobes is present at the gates 8 0 of the feed network 88. Since these lobes overlap in the present embodiment (see FIG. 25), excited transponders 82 are also located in subsections in at least one of the remaining reception lobes. Since such a lobe shaping network 88 is not absolutely symmetrical in practice, even small signal portions at the (m-1) remaining m gates 810 of the network 88 not connected to the information reading device 86 will fall off. In particular, the overlapping of the beams is exploited. This also causes signal components of transponders, which are excited by the active beam (gate with transceiver) , at the remaining gates connected to the data processing device 85. This signal information is made available to a direct integrated in the multi-lobe antenna 83 or externally available electronics (the data processing device 85) for direction estimation available.
  • the read or transmit path of the information reading device 86 is almost not affected.
  • the lobes of a multi-lobe antenna and transponder are excited, which are detected by at least one of the adjacent lobes in the case of reception, see Fig. 25.
  • the signal information can thus at the decoupled gates 810 of the feed network 88, which currently not direct at this time Signal path of the reader 86 are removed, without the signal path of the reader 86 is affected. This is absolutely necessary for the range of the reader and the correct operation of the reader 86, because the power of the returned signal of the passive transponders 82 is very low. For this reason, the readers 86 have a high signal sensitivity.
  • FIG. 25 schematically shows a plurality of transmitters 82 in the form of RFID transponders.
  • the four circles denote here four different directional characteristics 89.
  • the signals received with a directional characteristic 89 are fed to the information reading device 86 (indicated by the arrow). There will be from the signals the transmitted signals and also a value for the signal amplitude (the RSSI value) determined.
  • the signals received with the remaining three directional characteristics 89 are supplied to the data processing device 85. It can be seen that the directional characteristics 89 overlap (hatched area), so that the signals from some transmitters 82 for the reception case reach the information reading device 86 and are also evaluated with respect to the position by the data processing device 85.
  • FIGS. 26 to 36 show a fifth variant of the position-determining device.
  • the 26 comprises a transmitting device (TX) 92 and a receiving device (RX) 93 as well as an antenna device 95 which can be connected to a plurality of (here three) antenna elements 96 (eg parts of a patch antenna or dipole antennas). Alternatives are, for example, monopole antennas, monopole-type antennas, chip antennas or loop antennas).
  • the antenna device 95 is designed as a multi-lobe antenna or multibeam antenna. In this case, the different beam-shaped directional characteristics can be switched so that different spatial ranges can be predetermined for the transmission or reception of signals via the antenna device 95.
  • the directional characteristics are associated with spatially different reception sensitivities or transmission characteristics (or transmission sensitivities). The selection of the directional characteristics or the spatial regions is done via the control device 94, z. B. in the form of a feed network.
  • the position determining device 91 (an alternative designation for the embodiment shown is the central radio unit) has a transmitting device 92 and a receiving device 93, which coincide here in a transceiver and jointly use the antenna device 95 with the three antenna elements 96.
  • the control of the transmitting device 92 and the receiving device 93 or the transmitting and receiving function of the transmitting / receiving device 92, 93 is performed by the control device 94.
  • the control relates in particular to the spatial regions into which signals are sent or from which signals are received , In connection with the specification of individual directional characteristics and thus of individual areas of space, it is explained what is meant by undirected radiation or non-directional radiation. tetem receipt is to understand.
  • signals are transmitted or received homogeneously or using a multiplicity of directional characteristics. There is thus no preferred distribution.
  • all the antenna elements 96 or all the directional characteristics that are available to the antenna device 95 are used.
  • the antenna device 95 comprises three antenna elements 96, over which different directional characteristics can be generated.
  • An antenna element 96 has a large activation range 91 1, into which an activation signal 9100 is emitted.
  • the activation signal 9100 is intended to activate or wake up the communication devices 910 within the activation area 91 1 and is intended to activate them, for example.
  • B. transmit the energy required for the communication in the form of a response signal 9101.
  • the communication devices 910 - ie the units referred to above as transmitters whose signals are represented according to the invention or used to obtain information to be displayed - are in the illustrated embodiment in a wall which is conceptually divided into individual fields.
  • the division into fields results, in particular, in that the control device 94 of the receiving device 93 specifies different receiving ranges 912, from which the receiving device 93 receives the response signals 9101 of the communication devices 910.
  • the receiving device 93 thus scans the fields of the activation area 91 1. This can be z. B. line and column by column or random.
  • the receiving areas 912 are in the embodiment shown subregions of the activation area 91 1, in which the activation signal 9100 has been sent.
  • the specification of the reception areas 912 is done here by switching the different directional characteristics of the antenna device 95.
  • the activation signal 9100 is transmitted without direction in order to achieve a large activation range 91 1.
  • the response signals 9101 of the communication devices 910 are received from smaller receiving areas 912 to thereby also obtain the information about the location of the communication devices 910. From the received signals on the one hand, information about the communication device 910 is determined, for. B. an identification mark.
  • the position of the respective communication device 910 is determined from the signal in conjunction with the directional characteristic used for the reception.
  • the position determination device 91 obtains from the received signals-here these are the response signals 9101-data on the position and identity of the existing communication devices 910, so that objects possibly associated with the communication devices 910 can also be identified.
  • a communication area 913 is specified, so that the communication signals 9102 to be transmitted are sent only in the selected communication area 913.
  • the communication area 913 possibly after the sending of a communication signal 9 02 of the position-determining device 91, also serves to receive further signals originating from communication devices 910 which send their signals into the communication area 913.
  • the position determination device 91 allows total communication with z.
  • movable objects or communication devices 910 for example, have an autonomous power supply in the form of batteries or energy harvesting generators.
  • the communication devices 910 have a radio connection, which in one embodiment consists of a preferably power-saving radio receiver, a radio transmitter and a computer and control unit.
  • sensors eg photodiode or microphone
  • actuators eg motor or acoustic signal generator
  • the communication devices 910 are distributed in space at the time of observation and initially not moved.
  • the communication devices 910 are arranged, for example, in one plane or in two offset, adjacent half-levels (eg wall shelves) and may be from the central radio unit - comparable to a collimated light beam from the antenna of the central one Radio unit - with a bundled radio beam (also referred to below as "beam").
  • the path of some signals is shown schematically.
  • the position determining device 91 and the communication devices 910 together constitute a communication system or a communication device.
  • the transmitting device 92 and the receiving device 93 are separate components, which here also use different antenna devices (not shown for clarity).
  • an activation signal 9100 goes out to the three existing communication devices 910.
  • the activation signal 9100 in the embodiment shown carries an identifier indicating which communication devices 910 are to be fully activated and to send response signals. So there is a so-called selective wake-up process.
  • objects are individually addressed and woken up via their respective ID identifier (eg 16-bit sequence).
  • waking up object groups eg all type 12 objects with group ID "12" can be done as a selective wake up process, which helps to keep the power consumption within the objects low because unnecessary transmission is avoided.
  • selective waking is useful when a very large number of objects are reachable and in fact only one subset is of interest for the query, so the unaddressed communication devices 910 only receive the activation signal 9100 and read the information that they do not need to respond ,
  • the transmitting device 92 does not send the activation signal 9100 as directed, but rather into a narrow selected activation area 91.
  • a selection of the communication devices 910 is made, with which a communication is to take place.
  • the transmission of the identifier activates only the upper and the lower communication device 910, which respectively emit a response signal 9101.
  • the response signals 9101 are received by the receiving device 93, in that the directional characteristics of the receiving device 93 descend or scan the communication devices 910 from top to bottom. From the two response signals 9101 in conjunction with the directional characteristics used for the reception of each of the position of the individual communication devices 910 is determined. Since, as customary in RFID transponders, for example, the response signals also include identification data of the communication devices 910, the response signals 9101 permit the identification of the individual communication devices 910.
  • the position determining device 91 After scanning the - here three - fields is therefore given in the position determining device 91, the relationship between the responding communication devices 910 and their positions or the required directional characteristics, with each of which a communication device 910 can be addressed.
  • the communication area is specified, in which the Kirunikationssignai 9102 is sent.
  • the communication area results from the fact that a corresponding directional characteristic of the transmitting device 92 is used for the transmission of the communication signal 9102.
  • the communication signal 9102 is transmitted to the lower communication device 10 (indicated by the dashed arrow).
  • Step 1 activation of communication devices takes place by directionally or non-directionally emitted activation signals (or also referred to as excitation signals).
  • activation signals originate from a transmitting device which in one embodiment belongs to a central radio unit (see FIG. 26) and in a alternative embodiment is a separate component (see FIG. 27).
  • the excitation signal thus represents a request to the communication devices to send a signal.
  • an identifier is transmitted, which should respond to the communication devices.
  • an initiation signal is sent by at least one communication device that this communication device wishes to record a communication.
  • a receiving device - z. B. belongs to said central radio unit - in at least one listening or listening phase signals received undirected or correspondingly with a plurality of available directional characteristics.
  • the receiving device is thus active for signals from many different areas.
  • the first step for a transmitting device or a receiving device means that signals are sent or received from a large and not necessarily specified spatial area.
  • Step 2 After the activation signal in the first embodiment in step 1, the communication devices (which are sometimes referred to herein as objects) respond with a response signal.
  • the response signal comprises object-specific data, which are, for example, identification data or measurement data, etc.
  • the response signals are received bundled by the space around the antenna device used in each case is selectively scanned by the available directional characteristics. This is done sequentially or in parallel by z. B. by a suitable feed network, the received signals are assigned to the individual directional characteristics.
  • the communication devices send response signals comprising a preamble and data actually to be transmitted.
  • the preamble comprises in one embodiment an identifier of Communication device.
  • the data includes measurement data acquired by a sensor.
  • this is done by the plurality of different directional characteristics and the splitting by a feed network (eg in the form of a Butler matrix), which is connected to the antenna device ,
  • a feed network eg in the form of a Butler matrix
  • the different directional characteristics are switched so quickly and therefore the respective different receiving ranges are switched so fast that all receiving ranges are traversed within the time in which the communication devices send out their response signals.
  • the receiving device allows in a variant that the step 2 is skipped because z. B. on the splitting of the received signals in the directional characteristics already known by the initiation signal, where the communication device is located. If this is not yet possible due to this signal, then in another variant the space is scanned by the individual directional characteristics.
  • the initiation signal triggers step 1.
  • a procedure regarding the initiation by a communication device is e.g. As follows:
  • a sensor connected to the communication device detects an event at time t0.
  • This radio message includes, for example, an ID, the sensor value and a statement about the type of event or a timestamp of the event.
  • the receiving device of the position determining device is set to the non-directional reception of signals and therefore receives the initiation signal by accepting the message almost immediately. If the receiving device has the possibility of separating the received signals according to the directional characteristics, then it is in receipt of the initiation signal. at the same time also the angular position or the matrix position of the communication device within the fields associated with the directional characteristics.
  • the receiving device switches through the individual directional characteristics, in which case the change between the fields can be accelerated since only one communication device is transmitting.
  • the information of the sensor event After a preamble (31 * T B ) and the duration of the data packet (16-bit ID and data, in total between 64 and 128 bits) in the data memory of the receiver device (or the receiver or RX component of the central Radio unit) the information of the sensor event.
  • the information refers to the above-mentioned contents of the initiation signal.
  • the actual communication takes place, being transmitted by the transmitting device or the central radio unit radio telegrams as communication signals targeted via appropriate directional characteristics to the individual objects or fields.
  • the directed communication reduces possible interference and allows a higher data rate with reduced transmission power.
  • the position determining device selects a communication area into which the transmitting device transmits the communication signal and from which the receiving device receives at least one further signal, which is preferably a response signal to the communication signal. In this embodiment, therefore, a bidirectional signal transmission occurs in the communication area. Steps 1 to 3 will be explained again below in connection with FIGS. 28 to 30. Shown here is in each case the position-determining device 91 with a transmission device 92 configured as a component and receiving device 93 as well as an antenna device 95. The position-determining device 91 is here partly referred to as a central radio unit.
  • the central radio unit 91 In the space in front of the central radio unit 91 are a plurality of communication devices 910 each standing for an object.
  • the objects 910 are stationary here and therefore do not change their position.
  • the directional characteristics of the antenna device 95 in the illustrated example allow the division of the space into a plurality of arrays designated by coordinates (i; j) resulting from the ith column and the jth row.
  • an excitation signal 9100 which may be called a wake-up telegram, is sent to all objects 910 simultaneously in the field of view of the (un) clustered antenna device 95 from the central radio unit 91.
  • the signal is in one embodiment an activating sequence with a duration of z. B. 30 ms.
  • the objects 910 are configured accordingly to receive and recognize the excitation signal 9100 as an agreed activation sequence and then to prepare response signals for the step 2.
  • the objects 9 0 are now "awakened”.
  • the central radio unit 91 After transmitting the excitation signal 9100, the central radio unit 91 sets the multi-beam antenna to the first of the m * n fields of the object plane as an example for the antenna device 95 and starts receiving. Thus, if the transmitting device 92 was initially active, the receiving device 93 of the central radio unit 91 now operates.
  • FIG. 29 shows how, in step 2, the awakened objects 9 0 respond and send their response signals 9101.
  • the response signals 9101 comprise in the illustrated embodiment, a response preamble and object-specific information such. ID, serial number or status information. Further information may also be sensor values or data about last specific object events (eg vibration).
  • An object 910 with the ID identifier 68 responds after 3.50 ms.
  • An object 910 with the ID tag 21 responds after 1.50 ms and an object 910 with the tag 40 immediately responds without a delay.
  • Fig. 30 showing step 3 shows the targeted communication of the position determining device 91 with the objects 910 of a panel (1; 1).
  • the central radio unit 91 can now specifically target objects 910 in specific fields with beamed beam direction of the antenna device 95 and handle further communication, possibly even with a higher data rate.
  • the transmitting device 93 transmits the communication signals 9102.
  • the reception of signals subsequently sent by the communication device of the selected communication area 913 preferably also takes place with a selected directional characteristic. In one embodiment, the same directional characteristic is used to receive the further signals.
  • a possible reduction of the fields to be illuminated to a much smaller subset is useful for a certain duration, eg. From 6 * 8 to, for example, 12 fields.
  • a field by field transmission of the field coordinates (location information) by the central Radio unit 91 to the objects 910 in the respective fields leads to the individual knowledge of the location at the objects 910.
  • Multihop method in the formation of ad-hoc sensor networks and the rapid determination of neighborhood relationships among the objects 9 0 is efficiently possible by this information (the propagation of the location information by the bundled, field-wise radio broadcast).
  • Mulithop methods are understood to mean the transmission of data packets over several intermediate stations.
  • the communication devices 910 thus communicate with each other.
  • step 1 After the determined duration, a complete field illumination of all m * n fields can be carried out again and the procedure in step 1 can be started again.
  • the temporal frequency of the method according to steps 1 to 3 predetermines the possible updating rate of the detected objects 910 or their presence and identity. Movements of objects 910 can thus also be detected and detected, for example if an object 910 progressively passes through different fields and responds accordingly to the method according to steps 1 to 3. Indirectly, it is thus possible to deduce even the direction of movement within the fields (or a projection) and the object speed.
  • the communication devices transmit their response signals at a certain data rate 1 / T b or slower, e.g. 1 kbps.
  • the central radio unit receives the radio signals from the field (i; j) selected via the directional characteristic.
  • the residence time T VD - ie the time for which a directional characteristic is active and therefore signals are received from the reception area - in the embodiment shown is at most:
  • T b (m * n).
  • the symbol duration T b as the duration of the response signals amounts to 1 ms.
  • the duty cycle of the receiving device T ON is still registered.
  • a signal sample is received and processed. This can be done in the form of amplitude, frequency or phase demodulation. Preferably, the amplitude of the received signal is processed within T ON , because this can often be done to save energy (comparable to a diode detector).
  • T O NT 0 «1 and if possible T O N / T 0 ⁇ 1%.
  • the receiving device of the position-determining device or the central radio unit have the value: I RX as an ON current, ie as a current requirement for the reception and processing of received signals. 0N -
  • the other fields are scanned with the existing sampling rate f M K A, MUX and the same data rate sampling Rx. This enables complete, seamless processing of all possible m * n transmission signals. There is no synchronization effort between the sending objects with each other or with the receiver device or the central radio unit necessary.
  • Abort criterion eg a predetermined period of time or the fact that no more radio data from the field are received
  • the dwell time T V D of the beam per field is shortened, for From 10 ps to 1 ps, thus allowing more frequent acquisition, ie, a higher data rate 1 / T b .
  • the original, lower sampling rate f M KA , Mux can be set again. This allows a power-saving sensor Beginning of the response signals, by only if the actual need, the transmission data with higher
  • the next field is controlled by the beam.
  • the antenna is switched to a different directional characteristic.
  • the order of the targeted m * n fields can be regular ascending, descending, random or heuristic.
  • T b The procedure is executed for all fields and requires at most as much time as a data bit long (T b ). This means that no transmission data is lost.
  • the procedure for the next data bit is repeated.
  • the received bit sequences are stored in the m * n data buffers of the receiving device or the central radio unit.
  • the method is over-sampled in one embodiment, ie more than one sample is taken per field, e.g. B. four samples. To do this, the dwell time must be selected four times shorter.
  • the data processing unit runs at bit clock 1 / T b and can perform the detection of certain preambles or correlation patterns with little delay in order to be able to ascertain the actual response of the respective object with a certain degree of certainty.
  • Positioning device can be closed to the distance within an angular field together with the received field strength or a measure derived as "Received Signal Strength Indicator” (RSS!). If RSSI detection without radio obstacles is possible for calibration purposes with the positioning device used, it is possible to use the Distance or on any obstacles or shadowing in Winkelfeld be closed.
  • the directional gain achievable by beam focusing in the beam can be used both on the transmitting side and on the receiving side, z. B. by reduced transmission power or by reduced minimum sensitivity in the receiving device.
  • the directed communication in the sense of "space diversity" is possible with low or very low spurious emissions outside the respective main lobe of the individual directivity characteristics, in particular in the case where the antenna device is a multi-lobe antenna, where the directional characteristics are one have dominant club.
  • the position-determining device is in particular designed to be low-priced for operation when power-saving radio receivers with a low reaction time, eg, in the objects and in the central radio unit.
  • B. wake-up receiver circuits or the like. be used.
  • the receiver devices according to DE 10 2009 047 199 A1 may be mentioned. Therefore, both the communication devices and the central radio unit are designed to save energy accordingly, then battery-powered implementations can be provided on the object side, but also on the side of the central radio maintenance with years of service.
  • step 2 In the special case that the procedure after step 1 only relatively rarely, z. B. is carried out every 2 minutes, but the reception case with the scanning detection of all m * n fields by means of power-saving radio receiver (step 2) is present most of the time, the current consumption can essentially on the receiver power consumption on the side of the central radio unit as well Object page to be reduced.
  • the sampling method also allows the spontaneous transmission of radio telegrams on the object side. Coordination or synchronization can be omitted. If objects send only event-triggered radio messages, the increased power consumption on the object side is only dependent on the frequency of such events. A numeric limit the number of objects does not exist in principle. An extensibility or changeability in the panzah! is possible at any time.
  • the method is very delay-free and allows a rapid detection of object events and represents a significant technical improvement of wireless radio systems for the implementation of networked objects in the sense of an "Internet of Things".
  • FIG. 32 shows an embodiment of a structure of the central radio unit 91 with antenna control, scanning unit and data processing.
  • the antenna device 95 has a plurality of antenna elements 96, only one of which is shown here, and is connected to a device which here as a receiving device 93 - represented by the arrow labeled RX - and as a transmitting device 92 - shown with the TX designated arrow - acts.
  • a receiving device 93 - represented by the arrow labeled RX -
  • a transmitting device 92 - shown with the TX designated arrow - acts This is preferably a power-saving transmitting / receiving device which operates here as a scanning ASK / OOK-demodulating radio receiver.
  • Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is used for data transmission.
  • the control device 94 selects the individual directional characteristics of the antenna device 95 and therefore determines the (x; y) coordinates of the fields which are connected to the directional characteristics and from which (response) signals are received or injected into the (communication or activation) signals. ) Signals are sent.
  • the control device 94 also receives from a clock source the frequency f M KA , ux for the scanning of the fields, ie for the switching of the directional characteristics in order to obtain the individual receiving ranges.
  • the data rate f.sub.Fast.Rx associated therewith is fed to the demultiplexer in the illustrated embodiment of the transmitting / receiving device and as a sampling frequency.
  • the received data, z. B. in the form of ASK / OOK data or FSK data can be described as a binary data stream with the word width n.
  • the simplest case of the word width 1 bit is z. For example, in simple 2-ASK or OOK demodulation.
  • the data is passed to a demultiplexer (here referred to as DEMUX) with n outputs, each connected to one of a total of n receive data buffers and a respective associated data processing unit DV.
  • DEMUX demultiplexer
  • the detected bits of the received signals are thus sorted and stored in a data buffer for the M * N receive bit sequences of the respective length L.
  • the M * N receive data buffers are z. B. executed as a shift register of length L with the word width n. For the sake of simplicity, these are made the same way.
  • the data processing units DV each generate a match (i; j) assigned to the individual fields (i; j). This takes place, for example, as a pattern recognizer with or without error tolerance, in order to recognize the answer preamble of the respective communication device with a certain degree of certainty.
  • the data processing units DV carry out a data coding or data analysis. For rapid localization, in one embodiment, a correlation analysis is used as a digital calculation of the cross-correlation for determining the similarity of a transmitted identification sequence, each with a reference sequence.
  • the data processing units DV deliver z. B. a decoded data stream or z. B. a digital signal of the word width v - referred to as MATCH (m; n) - to indicate the match of transmitting and reference sequence.
  • a sequence suitable for the cross-correlation analysis eg if the autocorrelation function of the reference sequence is similar to a discrete-time Dirac pulse
  • the successful matching of the transmission and reference sequences can easily be digital and reception error tolerant be determined.
  • the respective MATCH (m; n) signal can in this case be generated as a purely binary signal if a numerical comparison of a matching measure with a decision threshold is used.
  • the emitted sequence can be designed as a composition of preamble for correlation and data part.
  • the radio response of the m * n field communication devices is transmitted as 2-ASK modulated (amplitude-shift keying or amplitude shift keying wherein the amplitude of the carrier signals is changed for transmission of data) response signal.
  • OOK on-off keying
  • the carrier signal is turned on and turned off to transmit a logical 1 and a logical 0, respectively.
  • the demodulation in the receiver can be done by simple decision with analogue comparators.
  • the reception and the detection of the data bit of the duration T b starting from an object within the field (i; j) can in this way already take place after the switch-on time T QN (see FIG. 31).
  • the timing of the localization is explained:
  • the interlaced beam of the position determining device 91 with a multi-lobe antenna as the antenna device 95 samples the M * N fields (here 10 x 10) within a symbol duration (here 1 ms) in 100 steps of 10 ps and respectively provides the antenna receive signal a power-saving Abtastfunkempffiter available. This takes a "short sample" of the RF signal within the beam dwell time T V D (9.9 ps) with the receiver duty cycle T 0 N (here, for example, 100 ns) This sample becomes ASK- / OOK .
  • M * N shift registers demoduliert the 1 -to- (M * N) demultiplexer supplied for further digital signal processing
  • M * N shift registers demodulates the received data samples for each of M * N shift register
  • sequence or preamble detection which can be implemented, for example, as a digital cross-correlator of length 31 bits .This is done via the data processing units DV.
  • the (x; y) position within the M * N field matrix is known automatically and without delay: the angle estimation is performed by the agreed assignment beam beam angle and matrix assignment ,
  • a communication device 910 which has an emitting device 915 and a detection device 916, which here are two antenna elements of an antenna device and also represent different directional characteristics.
  • the communication device 910 is designed, for example, according to the disclosure of DE 10 2009 047 199 A1.
  • the communication device 910 is an RFID tag or RFID transponder.
  • the position-determining device 91 itself is likewise such an energy-saving unit as disclosed in DE 10 2009 047 199 A1.
  • the position determining device 91 is with the antenna device with the different selectable directional characteristics for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic. Equipped with signals.
  • the communication device 910 sends out an initiation signal 9103 to cause the position determination device 91 to send out an activation signal 9100.
  • This activation signal 9100 here serves, for example, for the communication device 910 to receive more energy for the further or actual communication.
  • the communication device 910 sends out its response signal 9101 to transmit the measurement data of the sensor 920 as an example.
  • the sensor 920 is a temperature sensor, for example.
  • the position determining device 91 sends out a communication signal 9102 so as to be e.g. B. to exchange further data with the communication device 910.
  • the transmission initiative is from the communication device 910 or the communication device 910 having - not shown here - object.
  • the object on its own would like to initiate the position determination by the central radio unit 91 and therefore sends a wake-up sequence or another suitable, previously agreed sequence in the form of an initiation signal 9103 to the central radio unit 91.
  • the central radio unit 91 has an omnidirectional and preferably also omnidirectional directional characteristic.
  • the existing club-shaped directional characteristics of the antenna device are allowed to be scanned line by line across all fields.
  • the central radio unit 91 Upon receiving the initiative message of the object, the central radio unit 91 determines the object position (or field coordinates). This happens z. B. by splitting the received signals according to the individual directional characteristics or by the targeted switching of the individual directional characteristics.
  • the central radio unit (ie, the position determining device) 91 is additionally aware of the linked information between the object ID and the object field number or the object direction. This relationship can be left with the central radio unit 91 or represented via the device according to the invention. be placed or, in one embodiment, sent back to the object 910 itself, e.g. B. as part of the communication signal.
  • the procedure of transmitting the location information is recommended, for example, when objects 910 are newly added to the coverage area of the central radio unit 91 or when objects 910 are moving or being moved.
  • the initiation signal is applied multiple times, the object 910 can initiate the step-by-step detection of the entire movement or also quickly detect the departure from the detection area ("tracking and tracing").
  • the initiation signal is connected in one embodiment to the selective wake-up or activation process already described above.
  • the selective waking affect all moving objects and only these objects send out the corresponding radio response for location by the central radio unit.
  • the radio traffic to the moving objects can be limited and all positions (field numbers) can be determined continuously and with little delay.
  • each central radio unit having antenna devices, in particular in the form of multi-beam antennas. This improves the accuracy of the location estimate from the pure field number to the position in space. In addition, redundancy and lower estimation errors are effected. Thus, for example, with two mutually remote central radio units, the shading can be detected by spontaneously introduced obstacles and still make the location estimate.
  • the arrangement of the objects or communication devices can also be done as a matrix or set of floor panels and as ceiling panels. If each floor or ceiling plate with a power-saving radio receiver and a radio transmitter and a computing and control unit - ie a total of a communication device - and optionally equipped sensors, z. B.
  • the sensors detect the proximity of a moving object or a person and then in the sense of the steps described above -.
  • the initiation signal - the communication with the central radio initiate unity.
  • the driving or entering can be registered individually for each floor panel and transmitted with little delay to the central radio unit at the same time.
  • Other sensory events such.
  • Lighting or reduced brightness by shading can also trigger the initiation.
  • the arrangement of the objects or the communication devices takes place in a further embodiment, for example, on a large area such. As parking space, distribution warehouse, field, etc.
  • the invention allows the objects (eg., A transport container, a grid box, a vehicle o. ⁇ .) Locate each with a communication device 910 in the overall arrangement.
  • one or more central radio devices 91 serve this purpose, whose signals, which are emitted as a lobe characteristic, illuminate the entire area or partial areas, depending on the configuration. For a higher reliability, a more precise determination or accuracy, several central radio units 91 are used in one embodiment. In one embodiment, these divide the area to be illuminated into several sectors.
  • the communication device 910 is attached in one embodiment from the outside to the respective object, for. B. on a car roof with a magnet.
  • the method for determining the object position within the field by aligning the lobe-shaped antenna characteristic is carried out in the aforementioned embodiment as described in the previous sections.
  • the antennas with variable club-shaped emission characteristics are preferably at a greater height, eg. As on poles or rooftops, positioned so that the best possible view of the communication facilities 910 of the objects and thus longer ranges are possible.
  • the method is used for. As for the rapid location of objects, containers or vehicles (people or living things are conceivable) on a large area.
  • Fig. 34 shows an application in which the position determining device 91 is mounted on a vehicle, e.g. B. a truck is installed.
  • the central radio unit 91 communicates with the communication device 910, so that the communication area 913 is also directed to this preceding vehicle. This serves, for example, to adjust the driving speeds to maintain a constant speed.
  • the car overtaking here - are the receiving areas 912 aligned.
  • the position determining device 91 receives signals therefrom and, at least also from the signal strength of the received signals, can determine whether the objects are still located in the area of the reception areas 912.
  • the communication area 913 can be correspondingly redirected to the other objects, so that the communication can also be realized therewith.
  • a bi-directional communication with another vehicle takes place via the communication area 913, while the other reception areas 912 are listening to which vehicles may also want to communicate. Based on this, switching takes place between the directional characteristics accordingly.
  • a possible frequency range is for example in the 5.9 GHz wireless LAN band.
  • the data about the other vehicles can be represented by the device according to the invention.
  • a speed of the other vehicles is also determined and displayed from the received signals.
  • the objects that comprise the communication devices 910, or even the communication devices 910 are satellites. It is thus the case of communication between a satellite 910 and the earth on which the positioning device 91 is located, or between several satellites.
  • the antenna device 95 is connected as ehrkeuienantenne with a feed network as a control device 94 with multiple ports 97.
  • the directional characteristic which is assigned to the communication area 913 and which here serves for the bidirectional communication and at least the transmission of the communication signal 9102, is directed as a transmit-receive lobe via a port 97 of the feed network 94 in a specific direction.
  • the bidirectional communication between the position determining device 91 (ie the central radio unit) and the communication device in the form of the selected satellite 910 takes place first.
  • the other gates 97 is listened (receiving case), ie the other directional characteristics are used as pure reception areas 912, from which only signals (indicated by the arrows) received and in the no Signals are emitted from the position determining device 91.
  • connection via the communication gate or the communication lobe deteriorates, it is possible to switch over to another lobe or another directional characteristic, which possibly allows a better communication (eg higher signal level) to another satellite.
  • the station on the ground or the position of the position determining device may also be a vehicle which has somewhere arranged one or more antennas, which must be tracked as the vehicle moves.
  • Fig. 36 shows an application in the mobile sector.
  • the clients In mobile communications, the clients (eg mobile phone or smartphone) communicate with so-called base stations, which are distributed.
  • the base stations are usually arranged on a mast, that in total creates a kind of omnidirectional characteristic.
  • the client also has an omnidirectional antenna as a rule. Often, however, occlusion cases or shadowing occur.
  • the illustrated smartphone is here the position-determining device 91 and is equipped with a multi-lobe antenna (not shown).
  • This allows the specification of the communication area 913 in the direction of a so-called radio tower as an embodiment of the communication device 910 and the reception area 912 in the direction of another radio tower 910.
  • This allows communication and the simultaneous determination of a - possibly of the time or z. B. depending on the distance to it - certain base stations 910 with significantly higher profit (directivity).
  • the arrows drawn here also indicate that the position-determining device 91 only receives signals via the reception area 912 (simple arrow in the direction of the position-determining device 91) and that the position-determining device 91 transmits and receives signals via the correspondence area (double-headed arrow in both directions). If there are now occlusion cases or larger distances to a base station 910, issuing from the detection of the signal level of other base stations 910 by the remaining receive paths of the multi-beam antenna, the beam for the communication can be selectively swiveled to other base stations 910. So it is possible that the beam is always aligned with the base stations with the best signal strength.
  • FIGS. 37 to 50 show a position determination device according to a sixth variant.
  • FIG. 37 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of the position-determining device 41 for detecting an object 410.
  • the position-determining device 41 has a transmitting device 42 (other designation is: central radio unit), which functions here for example as a transmitter and at a distance thereto via receiving devices 43 (other designation is: radio module), which are here mounted in a wall 46 with a segmentation in a total of 20 subregions or which form these subregions.
  • the receiving devices 43 are here, for example, the antenna device as part of the device according to the invention for displaying user information.
  • the transmitting device 42 is here a multi-lobe antenna (MKA or Mulibeam antenna), which acts here as a transmitter and receiver.
  • MKA multi-lobe antenna
  • the OOK modulation is used.
  • OOK stands for the so-called on-off-keying, in which the carrier signal of a digital information is switched on and off in order to transmit a logical 1 or a logical 0.
  • the receiving devices 43 also allow both receiving and transmitting signals.
  • segmentation m * n here 5 * 4 wake-up detectors (see, for example, the published patent application DE 10 2009 047 199 A1).
  • the current consumption of the receiving devices 43 is less than 20 ⁇ .
  • the receiving devices 43 (hereinafter also sometimes referred to as radio modules) are preferably arranged regularly in the wall 46 at the time of observation and initially not moved.
  • the radio modules 43 are targeted by the configuration of the transmitting device 42 (hereinafter referred to as central radio unit) with a bundled radio beam as a signal (hereinafter also referred to as "beam") .
  • the arrangement of the receiving devices 43 takes place in an embodiment (not shown)
  • each floor or ceiling panel is equipped with a power-saving radio receiver as a receiving device and a central radio transmitter as a transmitting device. detect the proximity of a moving object or a person and then the central radio unit - so the transmitting device - abuts the transmission of the signals
  • Other sensory events such. B. lighting or reduced brightness by shading can also - by appropriate sensors - activate the transmitting device.
  • Step 1 Bundled transmission of a signal from the transmitting device 42 to a respective receiving device 43.
  • Step 2 transmitting a response signal from the receiving device 43 in the event that signal attenuation is detectable.
  • Step 3 Set the signal for a next field and go to Step 1.
  • Step 4 Discretize the RSSI or attenuation values resulting from the response signals.
  • Step 5 Shape classification and derivation of motion vectors of the object.
  • the receiving devices 43 are masked by the object 410, it is already pointed out here that the shadow is cast, which makes the object 43 appear larger.
  • the receiving devices 43 are distributed so that also a distance of the object 410 to the mounting device 46 can be determined.
  • FIG. 38 shows the case in which the transmitting device 42 designed as a multi-lobe antenna is aligned with its directional characteristic and therefore with its main beam direction onto a first field of a radio module wall 46.
  • the directional characteristics relate to spatially different emission characteristics, each directional characteristic being characterized here by a lobe.
  • the main lobe is guided over the fields of the wall 46 and thus over the receiving devices 43 in the embodiment shown.
  • a radio telegram or signal referred to as a wake-up telegram, is sent to the receiving device 43 in the first field (1; 1).
  • This can be an activating sequence with a duration of z. B. be 30 ms.
  • the receiving device 43 receives the - in particular pre-agreed - activation sequence in the transmitted signal and recognizes them. Thereafter, the receiving device 43 prepares a response signal for the above step 42.
  • the radio module as receiving device 43 in the first field (1, 1) is now "awakened” or active In one embodiment, for example, for a more refined determination of the signal attenuation between the transmitting device 42 and the receiving device 43 in a field (i j) - a separate signal emitted by the transmitting device 42 in addition.
  • the preferably power-saving receiver device 43 detects the transmitted signal and determines an RSSI value for the signal amplitude, preferably as a digital value. If the RSSI value ascertained for the signal amplitude is above an expected RSSI nominal value, which is eg. B. was determined in a separate calibration in advance in obstacle-free environment, so the determined by a corresponding arithmetic unit in the receiving device 43 RSSI value leads to the action in the above step 2, ie the receiving device 43 outputs a response signal. This happens here for example via radio signals.
  • the receiving device 43 waives a response in the form of transmitting a response signal to the transmitting device 42 as a central radio unit in the following case:
  • RSSI difference defined as the difference between the currently determined RSSI (RSSI) and an expected target value (RS Sl expected): RSSI - RSSI he waits. is below an agreed threshold (the damping threshold).
  • the attenuation threshold is related to a percentage value for the detected amplitude relative to the expected amplitude.
  • the RSSI difference is greater than the threshold value, depending on the embodiment either the RSSI determined is value or the RSSI difference (RSSI is t - RSSIeriana) or a corresponding discretized size as a radio message from the receiving apparatus 43 as Radio module in the field (i; j) are sent back to the central radio unit 42.
  • the return either the RSSI isr values or the RSSI difference given by RSSI is - RSSI waiting as a radio telegram or as a response signal.
  • step 3 the directivity of the switchable multi-beam antenna 42 is aligned to a next field.
  • the order of the targeted m * n fields can be regular ascending or descending, row-wise or column-wise, diagonal or random or heuristic.
  • the determination of the respective RSSI value takes place as described in steps 1 and 2.
  • a matrix of individual RSSI values (RSSI) y and the determined deviations from the respectively expected RSSI value (RSSI is - RSSI he waits) i, j This is therefore a measurement cycle that can be understood as an illustration of the space between the transmitting device and the receiving device.
  • ATTENjj: (RSSI is - RSS expectedXj.
  • the respective level values ATTENj j provide information about the field to be detected Obstacle or object.
  • the attenuation depends on the material and the thickness of the object at the respective beam path and the frequency of the radiation.
  • Fig. 39 shows one possible matrix ATTENj j that results in the beam passing through a test object and in which the attenuation measurements determined are given in decibels.
  • step 4 of the exemplary embodiment the matrix of Fig. 39 to simplify the calculation will be (ei ATTEN bl! E, i) having 1 to k decision thresholds discretized.
  • FIGS. 41, 42 and 43 each show a position-determining device 41 with a transmitting device 42 and receiving devices 43 mounted in a wall as a holding device 46. In the signal passage region, there is once a car 410 as object 410 (FIG. 41), once a person with shopping cart (Fig. 42) and once a forklift (Fig. 43).
  • FIG. 44b The respective resulting matrices of the damping ATTENy are shown in FIG. 44b (passenger car), in FIG. 44d (person with shopping trolley) and in FIG. 44f (forklift). If the matrix values are discretized with only one decision threshold and if the fields are colored according to the scheme: white coloring for the value 0 and gray coloring for the value 1, then the different shapes are shown in the figures Fig. 44a (PKW), fig 44c (person with shopping cart) and Fig. 44e (forklift).
  • step 5 the shape classification is made on the basis of the discretized matrix. For this purpose, the area, the extent in the x or y direction, the diagonal extents of the object can be determined. An object classification can be made on the basis of these key figures together with a 2D pattern recognition with stored reference forms. After acquiring all the m * n fields, the procedure for obtaining the data for the next image ATTEN; repeated. Due to the different, in particular successive measurement cycles or the respectively obtained attenuation images can be z. For example, determine if an object has moved.
  • step 2 is modified: Remain the RSSI values and the determined attenuations RSSI is - RSSI e Awaits t of a measuring cycle (to be understood in each case as illustration) is omitted, compared to a previous measurement cycle similar to or the discretized values disk_ATTENj j for the field are unchanged, in this embodiment, the output of the response signal as a response of the respective receiving device.
  • a further step by comparing different images ATTEN,, ] or disk_ATTENi j with the predecessor images, the direction of movement and the speed are determined.
  • methods for correlation calculation also matched filter approaches
  • discrete matrices in order to be able to conclude the direction of movement while maintaining the object shape with a few computing steps. This makes it possible to realize counting operations for objects with simultaneous fixed division of the movement direction.
  • the frequency of the signals emitted by the transmitting device is selected according to z. B. make the distinction for material class metal, wood, plastic and organic tissue based on the different signal attenuation. In one embodiment, at least two signal frequencies are used.
  • FIG. 45 shows a time profile of some method steps.
  • MKA stands here for the transmitting device, which acts as a transmitter (TX) of the signals to the receiving devices and as a receiver (RX) of the outgoing there response signals.
  • the transmitting device MKA transmits a signal directed into a spatial area (here referred to as a beam) specifically into the spatial area (1; 1) and then sends another beam into another spatial area (2; 1). This happens in each case for the period of time ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , d et- Thereafter, the transmitting device MKA waits and listens to response signals. This for the time T wait , which is here longer than the transmission time T TXi det .
  • the first addressed receiving element in the spatial region (1; 1) receives the beam (1; 1) and calculates the attenuation measure in the time T ca i c . This is here greater than the predetermined damping limit value, so that the receiving device element (1; 1) emits a response signal with the attenuation measure in the time period ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ATTEN.
  • a signal (Beam (2; 1)) is likewise received, but the attenuation value is smaller than the limit value. Therefore, the second receiving element element (1; 2) does not send out a response signal.
  • an embodiment sees an escape to the receiver device in at least one adjacent field - eg (i + 1; j) or (i + 1; j + 1) - before. This can be done locally from field to field z. B. be propagated by radio.
  • all the immediate neighbors of field (i; j) handle the radio communication with the central radio unit.
  • all the immediate neighbors of field (i; j) handle the radio communication with the central radio unit.
  • four or eight neighboring fields may be considered. This avoids the principal failure of the communication due to very high fading on a field or in a spreading lobe.
  • FIG. 46 shows an exemplary arrangement of the receiver devices 43 along a path, which is given here by a conveyor belt, for the special case of a one-dimensional detection of an object 410.
  • receiving devices 43 are arranged, which are designated here according to their position with i, i + 1, i + 2, etc.
  • a transmitting device 42 Above the transport route is a transmitting device 42, which has a plurality of antenna elements and which is configured as a multi-lobe antenna. If the object 410 is above a receiving device 43 while the multi-beam antenna 42 is transmitting to this receiving device 43, the signal is attenuated by the object 410. This can be used to determine where the transported object 410 is along the route.
  • FIG. 47 shows the response signals of the receiving devices 43 of FIG. 46 as a function of the time t.
  • the receiving devices at the positions i, i + 1 and i + 2 respectively emit a pulse due to the presence of the object 410. If the transported object is located above a receiving device, the reception field strength of the signal transmitted by the multi-beam antenna for the receiving device is reduced. In this case, the response signal is sent out.
  • From the responses of the receiving devices can be closed on the speed of the object, its size (length) and, for example, its composition. This allows a Fiusskontroile.
  • FIG. 48 shows the case where devices having switchable multi-beam antennas are respectively used as the primary transmitting device 42 (shown on the left side and designated # 1) and the primary receiving device 43 (shown on the right side and designated # 2). thus allow the emission in particular spatial directions or receiving from selected spatial directions.
  • the actual mounting device can be omitted and that the coordinate system associated with the mounting device now only in data form by switching the individual lobes for transmitting and receiving the signals.
  • the grid is therefore only hinted at, and in particular it is not given objectively.
  • transmitting and receiving devices 42, 43 are present on both sides, so that in each case signals can also be transmitted and signals received by both devices (# 1, # 2).
  • the signals relate to the actual measurement signals, the attenuation measure is determined, as well as to the response signals that carry the information about the received signals.
  • the transmitting / receiving device 42, 43 # 1 sends z. B. interleaved radio telegrams for all m * n fields received by the transceiver 42, 43 # 2. This is indicated in each case by the arrows. In this case, it is sufficient to coordinate / arrange the two transmitting / receiving devices 42, 43 once with respect to the order in which the signals are applied to the fields.
  • the transceiver 42, 43 # 2 When the object 410 to be detected is targeted by beams of the transceiver 42, 43 # 1, the transceiver 42, 43 # 2, with their respective set of beams, can read the reflected and attenuated radio signals from the transceiver 42, Intercept and decode 43 # 1.
  • the transceiver 42, 43 # 1 for the signal transmission and the field number of the beam of the transceiver 42, 43 # 2 for the signal reception can be similar to the position of the Object 410 in space (as x; y; z coordinates) and the size of object 410 are closed.
  • the evaluation device 44 is connected to the transceiver 42, 43 # 1 and the transceiver 42, 43 # 2, and therefore receives the information about the one transmitted by the transceiver 42, 43 # 1 Signal (that is, at least the amplitude) and the directivity used for it. Furthermore, the evaluation device 44 receives the information about the received signal and the associated directional characteristic from the transceiver 42, 43 # 2. From the two directional characteristics, the position of the object 410 results and from the two signals, further statements about the object 410, z. B. on the material. In one embodiment, the following happens:
  • the transceiver 42, 43 # 1 places its beam at a field position (i; j).
  • the transmitting / receiving device 42, 43 # 2 in turn scans all fields (p; q) due to the lack of knowledge about the objects 410 to be detected. If the transmitter / receiver device 42, 43 # 2 determines the reception of reflected signals for certain fields, then the position of the object 410 can be inferred as an obstacle.
  • the transceiver 42, 43 # 1 drives the next field, and so forth.
  • the respective field positions of the two beam bundles are also transmitted. Then coordination / agreement can be reduced to a minimum and both radio units (that is, both transceivers 42, 43 # 1 and # 2) know about the beam reflection by the object 410.
  • the two radio units exchange the role as a transmitter and as a receiver field by field.
  • the transceiver 42, 43 # 2 which in the case shown here functions only as a receiving device 43, has different directional characteristics and also receives signals simultaneously with several directional characteristics.
  • the received signals are each decomposed into the individual directional characteristics (eg by a Butler matrix). This allows listening to different areas of space. It can be determined by the evaluation of the signal amplitudes of the individual signals of the space region with the largest amplitude. This space area is then evaluated separately by the transceiver 42, 43 # 2.
  • FIG. 49 shows a further embodiment of the position-determining device 41 according to the invention.
  • a transmitting device 42 emits signals in the direction of a holding device 46, which is designed here as a wall element. Depending on the application, the signals are transmitted undirected or in individual room areas.
  • the non-directional radiation depends on the design of the antenna used and its general radiating properties.
  • the selective emission into individual spatial areas is made possible by the fact that the transmitting device 42 has individual directional characteristics. ken, which are each connected to different spatial transmission properties. By the directional characteristics so the signals are each radiated differently in different areas. In the embodiment shown, in particular, they are directional characteristics which are connected to a club shape.
  • the directional characteristics or the radiation of the signals with the different directional characteristics make it possible, as it were, to allow a signal to travel via the mounting device 46 and thus also to individually address the individual receiving devices 43 in the mounting device 46.
  • the transmitting device 42 is here connected to an evaluation device 44, which generates information about an object 410 between the transmitting device 42 and the receiving device 43 from the signals emitted by the transmitting device 42 and from the signals received by the receiving devices 43.
  • each receiving device 43 has such a signal evaluation device 45 which, in the example shown, determines an attenuation amount from the received signals in relation to values generated during a calibration.
  • the receiving devices 43 each receive a signal without an object in the beam path.
  • the amplitude of the received signal is then stored in each case as a reference value in a data memory 47.
  • the amplitude of the currently measured signal is compared with the reference value to determine the attenuation amount.
  • the receiving devices 43 are now designed such that they generate and emit a response signal after receiving a signal.
  • the transmitting device 42 becomes a receiving device, so that in the example shown, the central radio unit 42 and the distributed radio modules 43 are both transmitter devices and receiving devices, and thus transceivers.
  • the receiving devices 43 send in the embodiment shown, the response signal under two conditions, inter alia, to save energy: First, the attenuation must exceed a certain first limit. The damping must therefore have a minimum size. On the other hand, the attenuation measure must be sen second threshold from a previous degree of attenuation, ie it must be a change occurred.
  • the receiving device 43 sends the response signal to the transmitting device 42, which transmits the response signal or an associated information to the evaluation device 44.
  • the evaluation device 44 evaluates the attenuation measures and the localizations of the receiving devices 43 in order to detect at least the presence of the object 410 or from the outlines of the object 410 and thus from the arrangement of the attenuation measurements to classify the object or to make a statement about its materials.
  • a signal evaluation device 45 is provided which is connected to the transmitting device 42.
  • the receiving devices 43 reflect the signals emitted by the transmitter device 42, which are subsequently received by the transmitting device 42 again. The signals thus pass twice the space between the transmitting device 42 and the respective receiving device 43.
  • aspects have been described in the context of a device, it will be understood that these aspects also constitute a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a component of a device is also to be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step , Similarly, aspects described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device.
  • Some or all of the method steps may be performed by a hardware device (or using a hardware device). Apparatus), such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, some or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such an apparatus.
  • embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware or in software, or at least partially in hardware, or at least partially in software.
  • the implementation may be performed using a digital storage medium such as a floppy disk, a DVD, a BluRay disc, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or FLASH memory, a hard disk, or other magnetic or optical Memory are stored on the electronically readable control signals are stored, which can cooperate with a programmable computer system or cooperate such that the respective method is performed. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer readable.
  • some embodiments according to the invention include a data carrier having electronically readable control signals capable of interacting with a programmable computer system to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as a computer program product having a program code, wherein the program code is operable to perform one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
  • the program code can also be stored, for example, on a machine-readable carrier.
  • Other embodiments include the computer program for performing any of the methods described herein, wherein the computer program is stored on a machine-readable medium.
  • an embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a computer program which has a program code for carrying out one of the methods described here when the computer program runs on a computer.
  • a further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is recorded.
  • the data carrier or the digital storage medium or the computer-readable medium are typically tangible and / or non-volatile.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals, which represent the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.
  • the data stream or the sequence of signals may be configured, for example, to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.
  • Another embodiment includes a processing device, such as a computer or a programmable logic device, that is configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • a processing device such as a computer or a programmable logic device, that is configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • Another embodiment includes a computer on which the computer program is installed to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • Another embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or system adapted to transmit a computer program for performing at least one of the methods described herein to a receiver.
  • the transmission can be done for example electronically or optically.
  • the receiver may be, for example, a computer, a mobile device, a storage device or a similar device.
  • the device or system may include a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.
  • a programmable logic device eg, a field programmable gate array, an FPGA
  • a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • the methods are performed by any hardware device. This may be a universal hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or hardware specific to the process, such as an ASIC or an ARM microprocessor.
  • a device for displaying user information may comprise an antenna device 20, 53, 63, 73, 83, 95, 43, a processing device 3 and a presentation device 4, wherein the antenna device 20, 53, 63, 73, 83, 95 43 is configured to receive signals of at least one transmitter 1 1 in a scene 10 with at least one directional characteristic 22 relating to spatially different reception sensitivities and / or to transmit signals having at least one directional characteristic 22 into a scene 10 and signals of at least one transmitter 1 1 from the scene 10, the processing device
  • the display device 4 is configured in such a way to represent at least the determined presentation data.
  • the device may comprise a pick-up device 1, wherein the pick-up device 1 is adapted to receive visual images of the scene 10, and wherein the presentation device 4 is configured such, a representation of at least one recorded visual image at least superimpose the determined presentation data.
  • the device may comprise at least one position sensor 6, and the display device 4 may display the display data in dependence on data of the position sensor 6.
  • the position sensor 6 may be associated with the display device 4, and the display device
  • the 4 may represent the presentation data in dependence on an orientation of the presentation device 4 relative to the scenery 10.
  • the position sensor 6 may be associated with the receiving device 1, and the display device 4 may represent the display data depending on an orientation of the Frevorrich- device 1 relative to the antenna device 20.
  • the display device 4 may be configured in the form of a pair of glasses.
  • the display device 4 may be configured to represent an optical element 14 based on information obtained from the received signals.
  • the display device 4 may be configured based on a distance between the transmitter 1 1 and the display device 4 and / or based on an orientation between the transmitter 1 1 and the display device 4 and / or based on a transmitted from the transmitter 1 1 information represent the information obtained.
  • the processing device 3 may be configured to access data stored in a database 5.
  • the processing device 3 may be configured to determine a signal distribution of the transmitter 1 1 as presentation data based on the at least one directional characteristic 22 and based on at least one received signal the display device 4 may be configured to represent the signal distribution.
  • the display device 4 may be configured to represent the signal distribution with color coding or with gray scale coding or with signal strength lines.
  • the device may include a position determining device 51, wherein the antenna device 53 has a plurality of different directional characteristics 58, wherein the directional characteristics 58 are each related to a set of spatially unstable directions.
  • a control device 54 acts on the antenna device 53 in such a way that at least one of the directional characteristics 58 of the antenna device 53 is activated, the antenna device 53 with the activated directional characteristic 58 receives at least one signal 59 originating from the transmitter 52, and wherein a data processing device 55 processes the at least one received signal and the set of spatially different receiving sensitivities assigned to the activated directional characteristic 58 into a set of weighted received values and determines the information about the position of the transmitter 52 from at least the set of weighted received values.
  • the device may include a position determining device 61, wherein the antenna device 63 has a plurality of different directivity characteristics 67, wherein the directivity characteristics 67 each relate to at least a set of spatially different receiving sensitivities of the antenna device 63 wherein the antenna device 63 is configured to receive at least one signal from the transmitter 62 having different directional characteristics, a signal processing device 65 being configured to process the signals received from the antenna device 63 and each having an amplitude value of field strength of the received one Signaling, and wherein a data processing device 66 is configured based on the directional characteristics 67 and the received from the respectively associated Signals determined amplitude values to determine the information about the position of the transmitter 62.
  • the apparatus may include a position determining device 71, wherein the antenna device 73 is configured to receive outgoing signals from the transmitter 72, the antenna device 73 having at least one excellent directivity characteristic the excellent directional characteristic relates to a set of spatially different reception sensitivities of the antenna device 73, the excellent directional characteristic having at least one sensitivity minimum associated with a spatial detection area 76 and a data processing device 75 configured such, at least that of the antenna device 73 the excellent directionality tiked signals with respect to the position of the transmitter 72 relative to the detection area 76,
  • the device may include a position determining device 81, wherein the antenna device 83 has a plurality of different directivity characteristics 89, wherein the directivity characteristics 89 each relate to a set of spatially different receiving sensitivities of the antenna device 83, wherein the antenna device 83 has a plurality of signal outputs 810, wherein the directional characteristics 89 are associated with the signal outputs 810, wherein a control device 84 is configured, a signal output 810 of the antenna device 83 with an information reading device 86 and further signal outputs 810 of the antenna device 83 with a data processing device 85 wherein the information reading device 86 is configured to detect data transmitted from received signals with the signals, and wherein the data processing device 85 is configured to evaluate received signals with regard to their physical properties.
  • the apparatus may include a position determining device 91, wherein a receiving device 93 is configured to receive signals 9101, 9103, and wherein a control device 94 is configured such a space region 91 1 Specify 913, in which the transmitting device 92 sends signals 9100, 9102.
  • the device may include a position determining device 41, wherein a transmitting device 42 is configured to emit signals, wherein a receiving device 43 is configured to receive signals, wherein an evaluation device 44 is such is configured to compare the signals emitted by the transmitting device 42 with the signals received by the receiving device 43 and to produce a comparison result, and wherein the evaluation device 44 is configured to determine from the comparison result at least whether an object 410 between the transmitting device 42 and the receiving device 43 is located.
  • the invention provides a method for displaying user information, wherein signals of a transmitter 1 1 are received with at least one directional characteristic 22 relating to spatially different reception sensitivities and / or signals with at least one directional characteristic 22 are sent to a scene 10 and signals at least a station 1 1 are received from the scenery 10, wherein the received signals are processed with respect to the scenery 10 and display data are determined, and wherein the presentation data are displayed.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de représentation d'informations d'utilisateur avec un dispositif d'antenne (20), un dispositif de traitement (3) et un dispositif de représentation (4). Le dispositif d'antenne (20) reçoit des signaux d'un émetteur (11) dans un environnement (10) avec au moins une caractéristique directionnelle concernant des sensibilités de réception différentes dans l'espace. En variante ou en complément, le dispositif d'antenne (20) émet des signaux avec au moins une caractéristique directionnelle (22) dans un environnement (10) et reçoit, de l'environnement (10), des signaux d'un émetteur (22). Le dispositif de traitement (3) traite les signaux reçus relativement à l'environnement (10) et détermine des données de représentation qui sont représentées par le dispositif de représentation (4). L'invention concerne en outre un procédé correspondant.
PCT/EP2017/053151 2016-02-12 2017-02-13 Dispositif de représentation d'informations d'utilisateur et procédé correspondant WO2017137626A1 (fr)

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EP17707774.0A EP3414591B1 (fr) 2016-02-12 2017-02-13 Dispositif de représentation d'informations d'utilisateur et procédé correspondant
JP2018542249A JP2019512671A (ja) 2016-02-12 2017-02-13 ユーザ情報を提示するための装置および対応する方法
US16/100,137 US11092663B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2018-08-09 Apparatus and method for representing user information received by an antenna apparatus with a directional characteristic

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EP3837964A1 (fr) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-23 Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG Procédé de détermination de la présence d'un outil à moteur à l'intérieur d'une zone de position d'outil et/ou d'une position d'outil de l'outil, procédé pour un procédé de détermination de la présence d'un outil à moteur à l'intérieur d'une zone de position d'outil et/ou d'une position d'outil de l'outil, système détermination de la présence d'un outil à moteur à l'intérieur d'une zone de position d'outil et/ou d'une position de l'outil

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