WO2017137017A1 - Method for increasing the heating value of waste materials, which occur in the preparation of biomaterial for fermentation in biogas plants, and which are used as a substitute fuel for a combined heat and power plant - Google Patents

Method for increasing the heating value of waste materials, which occur in the preparation of biomaterial for fermentation in biogas plants, and which are used as a substitute fuel for a combined heat and power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017137017A1
WO2017137017A1 PCT/DE2016/000048 DE2016000048W WO2017137017A1 WO 2017137017 A1 WO2017137017 A1 WO 2017137017A1 DE 2016000048 W DE2016000048 W DE 2016000048W WO 2017137017 A1 WO2017137017 A1 WO 2017137017A1
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Prior art keywords
plant
fermentation
drying
substitute fuel
residues
Prior art date
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PCT/DE2016/000048
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Joachim Kahle
Monika KAHLE
Original Assignee
Hans Joachim Kahle
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hans Joachim Kahle filed Critical Hans Joachim Kahle
Priority to PCT/DE2016/000048 priority Critical patent/WO2017137017A1/en
Priority to DE112016006422.5T priority patent/DE112016006422A5/en
Publication of WO2017137017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017137017A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for heating value of residues, which are used as a substitute fuel for a cogeneration plant, and at
  • Biogas plants serve the production of biogas by fermentation of
  • the abovementioned materials are comminuted in a device and mixed with
  • CONFIRMATION COPY Residues form a fraction that is supplied to a combined heat and power plant after drying as a substitute fuel.
  • the invention has for its object to increase the calorific value of this substitute fuel, thereby increasing the energy gain and thus the
  • the material mixture obtained by this process has a high surface area after drying and is significantly increased in its calorific value, making it an excellent substitute fuel for a cogeneration plant.
  • the drying can be biological and / or using the heat of the sun.
  • the mixture of residues and digestate nor sewage sludge from the digestion stage of a sewage treatment plant is supplied, whereby a further heating value increase is achieved.
  • the sewage sludge can be mixed in or sprayed on.
  • According to another embodiment of the invention takes place in the merger of residues, digestate and sewage sludge drying in two stages. In a first drying the mixture of residues and digestate is dried and after the application of sewage sludge on the first drying mixture is a second drying of the resulting total mixture.
  • the invention can be developed so that waste heat from the heating plant is used for the drying processes. With the associated increased heat input drying is intensified and accelerated.
  • the invention also offers the possibility that a heating power station will only be charged with the substitute fuel according to the invention.
  • the cogeneration plant is thus utilized evenly, the energy gain is uniform.
  • the calorific value increase according to the invention gives the following results:
  • the fermentation residues have a calorific value of about 15 MJ / kg
  • the sewage sludge has a calorific value of about 13 MJ / kg.
  • Calorific value of the first increase stage is then about 27 MJ / kg.
  • the calorific value of the second increase stage is then about 40 MJ / kg.
  • Figure 1 a first embodiment
  • Figure 2 a second embodiment
  • FIG. 1 shows a washer 1, is washed in the waste with wastewater.
  • the obtained liquid Bio fraction 2 is fed into a biogas plant 3, in which biogas is produced from it.
  • the solid fraction obtained here, the residues 4 are applied to the fermentation residues 6 from the biogas plant 3 on the transport route to a heating power plant 5 and dried in a drying section 7.
  • This drying can be biological and / or with the help of solar heat.
  • waste heat 8 from the cogeneration plant 5 is used for the drying.
  • like elements are designated by like reference numerals.
  • the dried in the drying section 7 mixture of residues 4 and digestate 6 sewage sludge 9 is fed, admixed or sprayed.
  • the total mixture is dried in a second drying section 10.
  • the mixtures can be mechanically circulated and / or loosened in other ways. As a result, the drying processes are accelerated and the material is well loosened to intensify the combustion in the cogeneration plant.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for increasing the heating value of waste materials, which occur in the preparation of biomaterial for fermentation in biogas plants, and which are used as a substitute fuel for a combined heat and power plant, wherein the waste materials are gradually mixed with the fermentation waste from the biogas plant and mixed with sewage waste from a sewage plant in a further step, and wherein the entire mixture is dried, thereby forming a substitute fuel for a combined heat and power plant.

Description

Verfahren zur Heizwertsteigerung von Reststoffen, die bei der Aufbereitung von Biomaterial für die Vergärung in Biogasanlagen anfallen und die als Ersatzbrennstoff für ein Heizkraftwerk verwendet werden  Method for increasing the calorific value of residual materials which are produced during the treatment of biomaterial for fermentation in biogas plants and which are used as a substitute fuel for a cogeneration plant
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Heizwertsteigerung von Reststoffen, die als Ersatzbrennstoff für ein Heizkraftwerk verwendet werden, und die beiThe invention relates to a method for heating value of residues, which are used as a substitute fuel for a cogeneration plant, and at
Verfahren anfallen, in welchen Abfall mit biologischen Bestandteilen mit Wasser auch in Form von Abwasser gewaschen wird, um vergärbare Substanzen für Biogasanlagen und Kläranlagen zu gewinnen. Biogasanlagen dienen der Produktion von Biogas durch Vergärung vonBe incurred method in which waste with biological components with water in the form of wastewater is washed to recover fermentable substances for biogas plants and wastewater treatment plants. Biogas plants serve the production of biogas by fermentation of
Energiepflanzen, Gülle und anderen vergärbaren Substanzen in Abfällen, etwa in Hausmüll und Deponiemüll. Energy crops, manure and other fermentable substances in waste, such as household waste and landfill.
Zur Gewinnung, der zur Vergärung bestimmten Substanzen werden die vorgenannten Materialien in einer Vorrichtung zerkleinert und mitTo obtain the substances intended for fermentation, the abovementioned materials are comminuted in a device and mixed with
Frischwasser oder Abwasser oder anderem oberirdisch abfließendem Wasser zusammengeführt und gewaschen und ausgelaugt. Dadurch wird eine flüssige Fraktion gewonnen, die mit leicht abbaubaren und leicht vergärbaren Substanzen angereichert ist und als Substrat für die Vergärung in Biogasanlagen geeignet ist. Die in der Vorrichtung ausgewaschenen Fresh water or wastewater or other above-ground effluent water combined and washed and leached. As a result, a liquid fraction is obtained, which is enriched with easily degradable and easily fermentable substances and is suitable as a substrate for fermentation in biogas plants. The washed out in the device
BESTÄTIGUNGSKOPIE Reststoffe bilden eine Fraktion, die nach Trocknung als Ersatzbrennstoff einem Heizkraftwerk zugeführt wird. CONFIRMATION COPY Residues form a fraction that is supplied to a combined heat and power plant after drying as a substitute fuel.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Heizwert dieses Ersatzbrennstoffes zu steigern, um dadurch den Energiegewinn und somit dieThe invention has for its object to increase the calorific value of this substitute fuel, thereby increasing the energy gain and thus the
Wirtschaftlichkeit des gesamten Systems zu erhöhen. Increase the profitability of the entire system.
Diese Aufgabe ist mit dem Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Die nach diesem Verfahren gewonnene Materialmischung weist nach der Trocknung eine große Oberfläche auf und ist in ihrem Heizwert wesentlich gesteigert, womit sie einen ausgezeichneten Ersatzbrennstoff für ein Heizkraftwerk bildet. Die Trocknung kann biologisch und/oder unter Nutzung der Sonnenwärme erfolgen. This object is achieved by the method according to claim 1. The material mixture obtained by this process has a high surface area after drying and is significantly increased in its calorific value, making it an excellent substitute fuel for a cogeneration plant. The drying can be biological and / or using the heat of the sun.
Nach einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung wird der Mischung aus Reststoffen und Gärresten noch Klärschlamm aus der Faulstufe einer Kläranlage zugeführt, womit eine weitere Heizwertsteigerung erzielt wird. Der Klärschlamm kann dabei untergemischt werden oder aufgesprüht werden. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the mixture of residues and digestate nor sewage sludge from the digestion stage of a sewage treatment plant is supplied, whereby a further heating value increase is achieved. The sewage sludge can be mixed in or sprayed on.
Nach einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung erfolgt bei der Zusammenführung von Reststoffen, Gärresten und Klärschlamm die Trocknung in zwei Stufen. In einer Ersttrocknung wird das Gemisch aus Reststoffen und Gärresten getrocknet und nach dem Aufbringen von Klärschlamm auf das Ersttrocknungsgemisch erfolgt eine Zweittrocknung der gebildeten Gesamtmischung. According to another embodiment of the invention takes place in the merger of residues, digestate and sewage sludge drying in two stages. In a first drying the mixture of residues and digestate is dried and after the application of sewage sludge on the first drying mixture is a second drying of the resulting total mixture.
Die Erfindung kann so weitergebildet sein, dass für die Trocknungsprozesse Abwärme aus dem Heizkraftwerk verwendet wird. Mit dem damit verbundenen erhöhten Wärmeeintrag wird die Trocknung intensiviert und beschleunigt.The invention can be developed so that waste heat from the heating plant is used for the drying processes. With the associated increased heat input drying is intensified and accelerated.
Schließlich kann für die Trocknung auch noch die Überschusswärme aus dem Fermenter der Biogasanlage verwendet werden. Die Erfindung bietet aufgrund der erzielten Heizwertsteigerung auch die Möglichkeit, dass ein Heizkraftwerk nur mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Ersatzbrennstoff beschickt wird. Das Heizkraftwerk wird dadurch gleichmäßig ausgelastet, der Energiegewinn erfolgt gleichmäßig. Finally, it is also possible to use the excess heat from the fermenter of the biogas plant for the drying. Due to the achieved heating value increase, the invention also offers the possibility that a heating power station will only be charged with the substitute fuel according to the invention. The cogeneration plant is thus utilized evenly, the energy gain is uniform.
In Zahlen ausgedrückt ergibt die erfindungsgemäße Heizwertsteigerung folgende Ergebnisse: Die bezeichneten Reststoffe haben einen Heizwert von etwa 12 MJ/Kg (J=Joule), die Gärreste haben einen Heizwert von etwa 15 MJ/Kg und der Klärschlamm hat einen Heizwert von etwa 13 MJ/Kg. DerIn terms of numbers, the calorific value increase according to the invention gives the following results: The designated residues have a calorific value of about 12 MJ / kg (J = joules), the fermentation residues have a calorific value of about 15 MJ / kg and the sewage sludge has a calorific value of about 13 MJ / kg. Of the
Heizwert der ersten Steigerungsstufe (Reststoffe + Gärreste) beträgt dann etwa 27 MJ/Kg. Der Heizwert der zweiten Steigerungsstufe (Reststoffe + Gärreste + Klärschlamm) beträgt dann etwa 40 MJ/Kg. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen: Calorific value of the first increase stage (residues + digestate) is then about 27 MJ / kg. The calorific value of the second increase stage (residues + digestate + sewage sludge) is then about 40 MJ / kg. Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:
Figur 1 : ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel und Figur 2: ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel. Figure 1: a first embodiment and Figure 2: a second embodiment.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt eine Waschanlage 1 , in der Abfall mit Abwasser gewaschen wird. Die dabei gewonnene flüssige Bio- Fraktion 2 wird in eine Biogasanlage 3 geführt, in der daraus Biogas hergestellt wird. Die dabei gewonnene feste Fraktion, die Reststoffe 4, werden auf dem Transportweg zu einem Heizkraftwerk 5 mit den Gärresten 6 aus der Biogasanlage 3 beaufschlagt und in einem Trocknungsabschnitt 7 getrocknet. Diese Trocknung kann biologisch erfolgen und/oder mit Hilfe von Sonnenwärme. Bevorzugt wird für die Trocknung Abwärme 8 aus dem Heizkraftwerk 5 verwendet. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2 sind gleiche Elemente mit gleichen Bezugszahlen bezeichnet. Bei diesem Beispiel wird der im Trocknungsabschnitt 7 getrockneten Mischung aus Reststoffen 4 und Gärresten 6 Klärschlamm 9 zugeführt, beigemischt oder aufgesprüht. Die Gesamtmischung wird in einem zweiten Trocknungsabschnitt 10 getrocknet. The embodiment of FIG. 1 shows a washer 1, is washed in the waste with wastewater. The obtained liquid Bio fraction 2 is fed into a biogas plant 3, in which biogas is produced from it. The solid fraction obtained here, the residues 4, are applied to the fermentation residues 6 from the biogas plant 3 on the transport route to a heating power plant 5 and dried in a drying section 7. This drying can be biological and / or with the help of solar heat. Preferably, waste heat 8 from the cogeneration plant 5 is used for the drying. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, like elements are designated by like reference numerals. In this example, the dried in the drying section 7 mixture of residues 4 and digestate 6 sewage sludge 9 is fed, admixed or sprayed. The total mixture is dried in a second drying section 10.
Auf dem Weg zum Heizkraftwerk können die Mischungen mechanisch umgewälzt werden und/oder auf andere Weise aufgelockert werden. Dadurch werden die Trocknungsvorgänge beschleunigt und wird das Material gut aufgelockert, um die Verbrennung im Heizkraftwerk zu intensivieren. On the way to the cogeneration plant, the mixtures can be mechanically circulated and / or loosened in other ways. As a result, the drying processes are accelerated and the material is well loosened to intensify the combustion in the cogeneration plant.
Alle in der vorstehenden Beschreibung und in den Ansprüchen genannten Merkmale sind in einer beliebigen Auswahl mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs kombinierbar. Die Offenbarung der Erfindung ist somit nicht auf die beschriebenen bzw. beanspruchten Merkmalskombinationen beschränkt, vielmehr sind alle im Rahmen der Erfindung sinnvollen Merkmalskombinationen als offenbart zu betrachten. All the features mentioned in the preceding description and in the claims can be combined in any selection with the features of the independent claim. The disclosure of the invention is thus not limited to the described or claimed combinations of features, but all meaningful combinations of features within the scope of the invention are to be regarded as disclosed.

Claims

Patentansprüche JL Verfahren zur Heizwertsteigerung von Reststoffen, die als Ersatzbrennstoff für ein Heizkraftwerk verwendet werden, und die bei Verfahren anfallen, in welchen Abfall mit biologischen Bestandteilen mit Wasser auch in Form von Abwasser gewaschen wird, um vergärbare Substanzen für Biogasanlagen und Kläranlagen zu gewinnen, Claims 1. JL A process for increasing the calorific value of waste materials used as a substitute fuel for a cogeneration plant and which are obtained in processes in which waste with biological components is also washed with water in the form of waste water in order to obtain fermentable substances for biogas plants and sewage treatment plants,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,  characterized,
dass den Reststoffen die Gärreste aus der Biogasanlage zugeführt werden, dass das zusammengeführte Material vermischt wird,  that the fermentation residues from the biogas plant are fed to the residues, that the combined material is mixed,
dass die Mischung getrocknet wird und dem Heizkraftwerk als Ersatzbrennstoff zugeführt wird.  that the mixture is dried and supplied to the cogeneration plant as a substitute fuel.
2, Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den Reststoffen und den Gärresten in einem weiteren Schritt Klärschlamm aus der Faulungsstufe einer Kläranlage zugeführt wird. 2, Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the residues and the digestate in a further step sewage sludge from the digestion stage of a sewage treatment plant is supplied.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reststoffe und die Gärreste einer Ersttrocknung zugeführt werden und dass nach Zuführung von Klärschlamm die Gesamtmischung einer Zweittrocknung zugeführt wird. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the residues and the digestate are fed to a first drying and that after feeding of sewage sludge, the total mixture of a secondary drying is supplied.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Trocknung Abwärme aus dem Heizkraftwerk verwendet wird. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that waste heat from the heating plant is used for the drying.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Trocknung Überschusswärme aus dem Fermenter der Biogasanlage verwendet wird. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that is used for drying excess heat from the fermenter of the biogas plant.
PCT/DE2016/000048 2016-02-12 2016-02-12 Method for increasing the heating value of waste materials, which occur in the preparation of biomaterial for fermentation in biogas plants, and which are used as a substitute fuel for a combined heat and power plant WO2017137017A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2016/000048 WO2017137017A1 (en) 2016-02-12 2016-02-12 Method for increasing the heating value of waste materials, which occur in the preparation of biomaterial for fermentation in biogas plants, and which are used as a substitute fuel for a combined heat and power plant
DE112016006422.5T DE112016006422A5 (en) 2016-02-12 2016-02-12 METHOD FOR HEATING THE INCENSE OF RESIDUAL MATERIALS USED IN THE PROCESSING OF BIOMATERIAL FOR FERMENTATION IN BIOGAS PLANTS AND USED AS A REPLACEMENT FUEL FOR A HEATING POWER PLANT

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PCT/DE2016/000048 WO2017137017A1 (en) 2016-02-12 2016-02-12 Method for increasing the heating value of waste materials, which occur in the preparation of biomaterial for fermentation in biogas plants, and which are used as a substitute fuel for a combined heat and power plant

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2943558A1 (en) * 1979-05-28 1980-12-11 Escher Wyss Gmbh METHOD FOR PROCESSING CLEANING SLUDGE OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
DE3835230A1 (en) * 1988-10-15 1990-04-26 Holsteiner Gas Gmbh Process for energy recovery by refuse degassification
DE102005059880A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-08-24 Schlütter, Erwin Making use of fermentation residues from biogas plants with a fermenter and a thermal power station, involves phase separation, drying the viscous phase with waste heat from the power station and using the product as fuel
KR100893376B1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2009-04-17 (주)화인이테크 Apparatus for fabricating refuse derived fuel and aerobic treatment
WO2015176697A1 (en) * 2014-05-17 2015-11-26 Hans Joachim Kahle Method and device for the treatment and use of bio-waste, residual waste and landfill material from domestic refuse landfills for biogas plants

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2943558A1 (en) * 1979-05-28 1980-12-11 Escher Wyss Gmbh METHOD FOR PROCESSING CLEANING SLUDGE OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
DE3835230A1 (en) * 1988-10-15 1990-04-26 Holsteiner Gas Gmbh Process for energy recovery by refuse degassification
DE102005059880A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-08-24 Schlütter, Erwin Making use of fermentation residues from biogas plants with a fermenter and a thermal power station, involves phase separation, drying the viscous phase with waste heat from the power station and using the product as fuel
KR100893376B1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2009-04-17 (주)화인이테크 Apparatus for fabricating refuse derived fuel and aerobic treatment
WO2015176697A1 (en) * 2014-05-17 2015-11-26 Hans Joachim Kahle Method and device for the treatment and use of bio-waste, residual waste and landfill material from domestic refuse landfills for biogas plants

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 200935, 2009 Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2009-J07693, XP002758109 *

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