WO2017133643A1 - 一种随机接入方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种随机接入方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133643A1
WO2017133643A1 PCT/CN2017/072761 CN2017072761W WO2017133643A1 WO 2017133643 A1 WO2017133643 A1 WO 2017133643A1 CN 2017072761 W CN2017072761 W CN 2017072761W WO 2017133643 A1 WO2017133643 A1 WO 2017133643A1
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random access
base station
mtc terminal
configuration information
time
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PCT/CN2017/072761
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English (en)
French (fr)
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夏树强
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H04W74/0841—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment
    • H04W74/085—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment collision avoidance

Definitions

  • This document relates to, but is not limited to, the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a random access method and apparatus.
  • Machine Type Communication With the expanding range of mobile services provided by mobile operators and the coverage of mobile wireless networks, and the implementation of ubiquitous networks, Machine Type Communication (MTC) has developed rapidly. It is expected that the number of connected mobile terminal users will increase to about 50 billion in 2020, and a large part of the increase is due to the introduction of a large number of MTC devices.
  • Machine-like communication has a wide range of potential application scenarios and is also supported by the Internet of Things and smart cities. The application scenarios of machine type communication involve various industries. Due to its wide range of business types and its huge market demand, machine type communication will become an important part of mobile communication business in the future.
  • Machine-type communication Compared with the communication between people, machine-type communication has a wider range of applications, with typical features such as diverse business models, huge number of terminals, small data packets, high uplink utilization, and time control. This makes the factors affecting the communication access performance of the machine type different from the communication between people.
  • Machine-type communication uses the original LTE (Long Term Evolution) random access procedure designed for human-to-human communication. Since a significant feature of machine-type communication is a huge number of users, the machine class When the communication equipment performs random access at the same time, the existing resources cannot meet the access requirements, and the following problems will occur:
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • the access resource is the largest, that is, the density of the PRACH is configured to be 10 per frame (the case where the PRACH capacity is the most), and there are 54 preamble sequences.
  • the preamble is used for contention-based access by MTC devices (the other 10 preamble sequences are used for non-competitive access)
  • the total number of access opportunities available per second is 54,000.
  • the MTC terminal uses a non-contention random access method
  • each sub-frame has 54 different Preamble sequences, which can be assigned to 54 different users for access without collision. If the same Preamble sequence needs to be released for 10ms, then a Preamble can be used by 100 different users per second.
  • a total of 54 Preambles can be allocated to 5400 users for non-contention access, and the Preamble serial number used by each user.
  • the PRACH channel resource is indicated by the base station, and no collision phenomenon occurs. Therefore, the capacity of non-competitive access is much larger than the capacity of contention based random access.
  • the PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • PDCCH resources are required for both Msg2 and Msg4, and in the non-contention random access procedure, Msg1 and Msg3 also require PDCCH resources.
  • the PDCCH resources are limited.
  • This paper provides a random access method and device, which can optimize the random access performance of machine type communication, reduce the collision probability, and improve the access success rate.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a random access method, which is applied to a machine type communication MTC terminal, and the method includes:
  • the base station performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station according to the determined random access time.
  • the determining the random access time includes any one of the following methods:
  • the configuration information includes a random access period set by the base station and a starting random access time
  • performing random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time including:
  • the base station periodically performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station.
  • the random access period is variable.
  • performing random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time including:
  • the base station performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station according to the determined random access time timing of the next communication.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a random access method, which is applied to a base station, and the method includes:
  • the determining the random access time of the MTC terminal includes any one of the following manners:
  • the configuration information includes a random access period and a starting random access time set by the base station
  • the random access resource is allocated to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time, including:
  • the random access period is variable.
  • the random access resource is allocated to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time, including:
  • the random access resource is allocated to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time timing of the next communication.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a random access device, which is applied to a machine type communication MTC terminal, and includes:
  • the negotiation module is configured to determine a random access time after accessing the cell
  • the random access module is configured to perform random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time.
  • the negotiation module is configured to determine the random access time in the following manner:
  • the configuration information includes a random access period set by the base station and a starting random access time
  • the random access module is configured to perform random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time in the following manner:
  • the base station periodically performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station.
  • the random access period is variable.
  • the random access module is configured to perform random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time in the following manner:
  • the base station performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station according to the determined random access time timing of the next communication.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a random access device, which is applied to a base station, and includes:
  • a negotiation module configured to determine a random access time of the MTC terminal after the machine type communication MTC terminal accesses the cell;
  • the resource allocation module is configured to allocate a random access resource to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time.
  • the negotiation module is configured to determine a random access time of the MTC terminal in the following manner:
  • the configuration information includes a random access period and a starting random access time set by the base station
  • the resource allocation module is configured to allocate the random access resource to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time in the following manner:
  • the random access period is variable.
  • the resource allocation module is configured to allocate the random access resource to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time in the following manner:
  • the random access resource is allocated to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time timing of the next communication.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a computer readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions, which are implemented when executed by a processor.
  • a random access method and apparatus utilizes the periodic characteristics of the machine-type communication MTC service.
  • the MTC terminal accesses the cell
  • the MTC terminal and the base station determine the random access time.
  • the base station allocates a random access resource to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time
  • the MTC terminal performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station for the terminal according to the determined random access time. Since each MTC terminal is sent on the specified random access resource Sending requests to avoid collisions, reducing resource waste caused by collisions, and improving the utilization of the preamble sequence.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method (MTC terminal) for random access according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method (base station) for random access according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a random access device (MTC terminal) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a device (base station) for random access according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a LTE-based machine type communication random access optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of LTE contention based random access.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of LTE based on non-contention random access.
  • LTE's random access resources are limited, such as PRACH resources and PDCCH resources are limited, so that machine-like communication is in the original LTE access mechanism. Under the access performance can not meet the actual needs.
  • MTC terminals should use non-competitive random access methods as much as possible according to their communication requirements to simplify access.
  • the process improves the access capacity and reduces the access failure caused by the collision.
  • the machine-type communication service has the characteristics of periodicity, uplink dominant, and time control.
  • the machine type communication terminal adopts a contention-based access mechanism when communicating with the base station for the first time, and the base station records data about the MTC terminal (for example, the communication cycle of the MTC terminal), when the MTC terminal is in the RRC connected state.
  • the base station and the MTC terminal agree to start the timer at the same time, the next time the non-competitive random access is initiated to the MTC terminal. This will effectively improve the access performance of the service with periodic machine-like communication, reduce the collision probability, and improve the access success rate.
  • the contention-based non-contention random access is used when the MTC terminal first accesses the cell, and the subsequent access is periodic non-competitive random access.
  • collision avoidance occurs, the resource waste caused by the collision is reduced, and the utilization rate of the preamble sequence is improved.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a random access method, which is applied to a machine type communication MTC terminal, and the method includes:
  • the base station includes: an evolved NodeB (eNB);
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • the determining the random access time includes any one of the following methods:
  • the configuration information includes a random access period set by the base station and a starting random access time
  • the performing random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time includes:
  • the base station periodically performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station.
  • the random access period is variable.
  • the performing random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time includes:
  • the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal is a random access resource dedicated to the terminal, or a random access resource shared by the terminal and other MTC terminals.
  • the random access cell includes: performing random access by using a contention-based random access method when accessing the cell for the first time.
  • the method further includes:
  • the radio resource control idle RRC_IDLE state is transferred;
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a random access method, which is applied to a base station, and the method includes:
  • the base station includes: an evolved NodeB (eNB);
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • the determining the random access time of the MTC terminal includes any one of the following methods:
  • the configuration information includes a random access period and a starting random access time set by the base station
  • the allocating random access resources to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time includes:
  • the random access period is variable.
  • the allocating random access resources to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time includes:
  • the random access resource allocated by the base station to the MTC terminal is a random access resource dedicated to the MTC terminal, or a random access resource shared by the MTC terminal and other MTC terminals.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a random access device, which is applied to a machine type communication MTC terminal, and includes:
  • the negotiation module 301 is configured to determine a random access time after accessing the cell.
  • the random access module 302 is configured to perform random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station for the terminal according to the determined random access time.
  • the negotiation module 301 is configured to determine the random access time in the following manner:
  • the configuration information includes a random access period set by the base station and a starting random access time
  • the random access module 302 is configured to perform random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time in the following manner:
  • the base station periodically performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station.
  • the random access period is variable.
  • the random access module 302 is configured to perform random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal according to the determined random access time in the following manner:
  • the base station performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station according to the determined random access time timing of the next communication.
  • the random access resource allocated by the base station to the terminal is a random access resource dedicated to the terminal, or a random access resource shared by the terminal and other MTC terminals.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a random access device, which is applied to a base station, and includes:
  • the negotiation module 401 is configured to determine, after the machine type communication MTC terminal accesses the cell Random access time of the MTC terminal;
  • the resource allocation module 402 is configured to allocate a random access resource to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time.
  • the negotiation module 401 is configured to determine a random access time of the MTC terminal by using the following manner:
  • the configuration information includes a random access period and a starting random access time set by the base station
  • the resource allocation module is configured to allocate a random access resource to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time in the following manner:
  • the random access period is variable.
  • the resource allocation module is configured to allocate a random access resource to the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time in the following manner:
  • the random access resource allocated by the base station to the MTC terminal is a random access resource dedicated to the MTC terminal, or a random access resource shared by the MTC terminal and other MTC terminals.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a LTE-based machine type communication random access optimization method, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S501 The machine-type communication MTC terminal accesses the cell for the first time, and the first access uses LTE contention-based random access, as shown in FIG. 6, which can be divided into the following four steps:
  • the MTC terminal sends a preamble sequence
  • the base station After receiving the preamble sequence sent by the MTC terminal, the base station sends a random access response RAR (Random Access Response) to the MTC terminal;
  • RAR Random Access Response
  • the MTC terminal after receiving the RAR, the MTC terminal sends a message to the base station three Msg3;
  • the base station after receiving the Msg3, the base station sends the conflict resolution information to the MTC terminal;
  • Step S502 The MTC terminal sends data.
  • Step S503 setting a communication period, which may include the following steps:
  • the MTC terminal reports the communication period to the base station
  • the base station receives and stores the communication cycle reported by the MTC terminal, sets the communication cycle timer start time according to the communication cycle, and feeds back the communication cycle and the communication cycle timer start time information to the MTC terminal;
  • Case 2 The base station directly configures the communication cycle and the communication cycle timer start time for the MTC terminal, and sends the communication cycle and the communication cycle timer start time information to the MTC terminal.
  • Step S504 The base station and the MTC terminal in the RRC_CONNECTED state in the RRC connection connection start the communication cycle timer at the appointed time (the communication cycle timer start time).
  • Step S505 The MTC terminal transfers to the radio resource control idle RRC_IDLE state to save power;
  • Step S506 determining whether the communication cycle timer expires, if yes, proceeding to step S507, otherwise returning to step S506;
  • Step S507 The MTC terminal and the base station restart the communication cycle timer
  • Step S508 The base station configures the random access resource of the MTC terminal, and the MTC terminal initiates random access on the allocated resource, as shown in FIG. 7, which can be divided into the following three steps:
  • the base station when the communication cycle timer expires, the base station sends information indicating the random access resource to the MTC terminal, and the MTC terminal starts to listen to the PDCCH;
  • the base station may allocate dedicated random access resources, including a preamble sequence number and a PRACH time-frequency resource, to the MTC terminal by using a paging message, RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, or a PDCCH command-like semi-persistent scheduling manner.
  • dedicated random access resources including a preamble sequence number and a PRACH time-frequency resource
  • the base station may configure one or more random access resources for the MTC terminal; when the base station configures one of the random access resources for the MTC terminal, the MTC terminal may exclusively share the random access resource or with another MTC terminal. Sharing the random access resource; when the base station configures a plurality of random access resources for the MTC terminal, the MTC terminal may share the random access resource with another MTC terminal;
  • the specific design of the PRACH resources and sequences can also be specially considered to improve the number of users of Code Division Multiplex (CDM) and reduce the reserved resource overhead.
  • CDM Code Division Multiplex
  • paging message allocation dedicated random access resources is particularly suitable for MTC terminals with mobile range in neighboring cells, and fixed-position MTC terminals are more suitable for indicating access resources by using RRC signaling and PDCCH commands.
  • the MTC terminal sends a random access request (preamble sequence) on the specified resource
  • the base station successfully receives the access request of the MTC terminal and sends a random access response
  • Step S509 the MTC terminal sends data, and then transfers to the radio resource control idle RRC_IDLE state, and returns to step S506;
  • the communication cycle is variable; when it is necessary to change the communication cycle, step S503 to step S509 may be performed;
  • the MTC smart meter reading service can be periodically reported in the frequency of meter reading as shown in the following table (Table 1).
  • Step 601 The MTC smart meter terminal accesses the cell for the first time, and uses a contention-based random access procedure to access;
  • Step 602 The MTC smart meter terminal sends data to the base station, and reports power consumption.
  • Step 603 Set a communication cycle.
  • the MTC smart meter terminal informs the base station of the communication cycle of the MTC smart meter terminal
  • the communication cycle of the MTC smart meter terminal is 1 hour, that is, the MTC smart meter terminal reports the power consumption every hour;
  • the base station receives and saves the communication cycle reported by the received MTC smart meter, sets the communication cycle timer start time according to the communication cycle, and feeds back the communication cycle and the communication cycle timer start time information to the MTC terminal;
  • Step 604 The base station and the MTC terminal in the RRC_CONNECTED state in the RRC connection connection start the communication cycle timer at the appointed time (the communication cycle timer start time), and the timing time is set to 1 hour.
  • Step 605 The MTC smart meter terminal transfers to the radio resource control idle RRC_IDLE state to save power;
  • Step 606 Determine whether the communication cycle timer expires, if yes, go to step 607, otherwise return to step 606;
  • Step 607 The MTC smart meter and the base station restart the communication cycle timer.
  • Step 608 The MTC smart meter terminal performs a non-contention random access process:
  • the base station when the communication cycle timer expires, the base station sends information indicating the random access resource to the MTC smart meter terminal;
  • the base station may allocate dedicated non-contention random access resources, including a preamble sequence number and a PRACH resource, to the MTC terminal by using a paging message, an RRC signaling, or a PDCCH order.
  • dedicated non-contention random access resources including a preamble sequence number and a PRACH resource
  • the MTC smart meter terminal obtains the specified preamble index from the ra-PreambleIndex and obtains the specified PRACH resource from the ra-PRACH-MaskIndex.
  • the MTC smart meter terminal sends a random access request on the designated resource (using the preamble sequence allocated by the base station);
  • the base station successfully receives the random access request of the MTC terminal and sends a random access response
  • Step 609 The MTC terminal sends new meter reading data, and reports power consumption; then the MTC terminal transits to the RRC_IDLE state, and returns to step 606.
  • an appropriate communication cycle is selected, and competition based on competition and non-contention is performed, and the communication cycle timer is effectively used in combination to reduce the collision probability and ensure the MTC smart copying. Reliable access to the table business.
  • the random access method and apparatus by using the periodic characteristics of the machine type communication service, report the period to the evolved base station (eNB, evolved NodeB) after the MTC terminal accesses the cell, and the subsequent access is Timing random access, the eNB periodically configures access resources of the MTC terminal.
  • the access time of the timed access may be controlled by a communication cycle timer, which is started at an agreed time of the MTC terminal (in the RRC connected state) and the eNB. Since each MTC terminal sends a request on the specified random access resource to avoid collision, the resource waste caused by the collision is reduced, and the utilization of the preamble sequence is improved.
  • the MTC terminal and the base station determine the random access time, and the base station allocates the MTC terminal according to the determined random access time.
  • the random access resource the MTC terminal performs random access on the random access resource allocated by the base station for the terminal according to the determined random access time. Since each MTC terminal sends a request on the specified random access resource to avoid collision, the resource waste caused by the collision is reduced, and the utilization of the preamble sequence is improved.

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Abstract

本文公开了一种随机接入方法和装置，其中应用于机器类通信MTC终端的随机接入方法，包括：接入小区后确定随机接入时间；根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。本文能够优化机器类通信的随机接入性能，降低碰撞概率，提高接入成功率。

Description

一种随机接入方法和装置 技术领域
本文涉及但不限于通信技术领域，尤其涉及的是一种随机接入方法和装置。
背景技术
随着移动运营商提供的移动业务范围及移动无线网覆盖范围不断扩大，以及泛在网络的推行，机器类通信(Machine Type Communication，简称MTC)得以迅速发展。预计2020年联网移动终端用户数将增至约500亿，而很大一部分增加是由于大量MTC设备的引入。机器类通信拥有广泛的潜在应用场景，也是物联网、智慧城市的支撑。机器类通信的应用场景涉及各个行业，由于其广泛的业务类型及其巨大的市场需求，机器类通信在未来将成为移动通信业务的重要组成部分。
相比人与人之间的通信，机器类通信具有更广的应用范围，具有业务模式多样、终端数量巨大、小数据包、上行利用度高、受时间控制等典型特征。这使得影响机器类通信接入性能的因素与人与人之间通信不同。机器类通信采用原有的专为人与人之间通信设计的LTE(Long Term Evolution，长期演进)随机接入过程进行接入时，由于机器类通信的一个显著特性就是巨量用户，因此机器类通信设备同时进行随机接入时现有资源不能满足其接入需求，将产生以下几方面的问题：
(一)PRACH(Physical Random Access Channel，物理随机接入信道)资源受限。
以FDD(Frequency Division Dual，频分双工)模式为例，考虑接入资源最大时的情形，即在PRACH的密度配置为每帧10个(PRACH容量最多的情况)，且有54个前导序列preamble用于MTC设备基于竞争的接入(其它的10个preamble序列用于非竞争接入)时，每秒一共可提供的接入机会数是 54000。根据接入碰撞概率计算公式Pc＝1-e-γ/L，其中，Pc是接入碰撞概率，γ是随机接入强度，L是随机接入机会总数(每秒)，可以计算出当碰撞概率限定在1％时，每秒的接入强度只有542个用户。考虑用户密度仅为3万用户每小区时，按3GPP的MTC业务模型2(10秒内Beta分布)，那么一秒内需接入的用户超过6000个。可见，机器类通信对PRACH资源的需求得不到满足。
但是，如果MTC终端使用非竞争的随机接入方式，同样有54个Preamble用来MTC终端基于非竞争接入使用。那么每个子帧都有54个不同的Preamble序列，可以分给54个不同的用户接入使用，且不会发生碰撞。如果同一个Preamble序列需10ms释放掉，那么一个Preamble每秒可以供100个不同的用户使用，总共54个Preamble可以分给5400用户进行非竞争接入时使用，且每个用户使用的Preamble序列号及PRACH信道资源是由基站指示的，不会发生碰撞现象。因此，非竞争接入的容量要比基于竞争的随机接入的容量大很多。
(二)PDCCH(Physical Downlink Control Channel，物理下行控制信道)资源受限。
LTE协议基于竞争的随机接入过程中，发送Msg2及Msg4都需要PDCCH资源，而在非竞争的随机接入过程中，Msg1和Msg3也都需要PDCCH资源。当用户数大时，PDCCH资源受限。
巨量机器类通信终端同时发起随机接入时，LTE随机接入资源受限，这将导致大量前导序列发生碰撞，碰撞概率高，而接入成功率低，并且成功接入用户的接入时延大。为此，迫切需要提出一个有效的随机接入机制。
发明概述
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本文提供一种随机接入方法和装置，能够优化机器类通信的随机接入性能，降低碰撞概率，提高接入成功率。
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入方法，应用于机器类通信MTC终端，该方法包括：
接入小区后确定随机接入时间；
根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
可选地，所述确定随机接入时间，包括以下方式的任意一种：
a)向基站上报通信周期；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的通信周期确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
b)向基站上报下一次通信时间；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的下一次通信时间确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
c)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
d)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
可选地，根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入，包括：
根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
可选地，所述随机接入周期是可变的。
可选地，根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入，包括：
根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入方法，应用于基站，该方法包括：
在机器类通信MTC终端接入小区后，确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间；
根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
可选地，所述确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间，包括以下方式的任意一种：
a)接收所述MTC终端上报的通信周期；根据接收到的通信周期确定所述MTC终端的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
b)接收所述MTC终端上报的下一次通信时间；根据接收到的下一次通信时间确定所述MTC终端的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
c)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
d)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
可选地，根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源，包括：
根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
可选地，所述随机接入周期是可变的。
可选地，根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源，包括：
根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入装置，应用于机器类通信MTC终端，包括：
协商模块，设置为接入小区后确定随机接入时间；
随机接入模块，设置为根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
可选地，协商模块，设置为采用以下方式确定随机接入时间：
采用以下方式的任意一种确定随机接入时间：
a)向基站上报通信周期；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的通信周期确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
b)向基站上报下一次通信时间；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的下一次通信时间确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
c)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
d)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
可选地，随机接入模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入：
根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
可选地，所述随机接入周期是可变的。
可选地，随机接入模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入：
根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入装置，应用于基站，包括：
协商模块，设置为在机器类通信MTC终端接入小区后，确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间；
资源分配模块，设置为根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
可选地，协商模块，设置为采用以下方式确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间：
采用以下方式的任意一种确定随机接入时间：
a)接收所述MTC终端上报的通信周期；根据接收到的通信周期确定所述MTC终端的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
b)接收所述MTC终端上报的下一次通信时间；根据接收到的下一次通信时间确定所述MTC终端的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
c)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
d)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
可选地，资源分配模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源：
根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
可选地，所述随机接入周期是可变的。
可选地，资源分配模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源：
根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令被处理器执行时实现上述方法。
与相关技术相比，本发明实施例提供的一种随机接入方法和装置，利用机器类通信MTC业务的周期性特点，在MTC终端接入小区后，MTC终端与基站确定随机接入时间，基站根据确定的随机接入时间为MTC终端分配随机接入资源，MTC终端根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。由于每个MTC终端都在指定的随机接入资源上发 送请求，避免碰撞发生，减少了因碰撞而引起的资源浪费，提高了前导序列的利用率。
在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白其他方面。
附图概述
图1为本发明实施例的一种随机接入的方法(MTC终端)流程图。
图2为本发明实施例的一种随机接入的方法(基站)流程图。
图3为本发明实施例的一种随机接入的装置(MTC终端)流程图。
图4为本发明实施例的一种随机接入的装置(基站)流程图。
图5为本发明实施例的一种基于LTE的机器类通信随机接入优化方法流程图。
图6为LTE基于竞争的随机接入示意图。
图7为LTE基于非竞争的随机接入示意图。
详述
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
巨量机器类通信终端随机接入碰撞概率大及接入成功率低的主要原因是LTE的随机接入资源受限，如PRACH资源、PDCCH资源受限，使得机器类通信在原有LTE接入机制下，接入性能不能满足实际需求。
通过研究发现，非竞争接入的容量要比基于竞争的随机接入的容量大很多，因此，MTC终端应根据其通信要求，尽可能多的使用非竞争的随机接入方式，以简化接入流程，提高接入容量，减小因碰撞过高导致的接入失败的现象。
另一方面，机器类通信业务具有周期性和上行占优、时间受控等特点，利用其通信时间的周期性，采用新的随机接入机制，可以优化基于LTE的机 器类通信的接入性能。机器类通信终端(MTC终端)在第一次与基站通信时，采用基于竞争的接入机制，并且基站记录下有关MTC终端的数据(例如MTC终端的通信周期)，当MTC终端处于RRC连接状态时基站与MTC终端约定时刻同时启动定时器，以便下次对MTC终端定期发起非竞争的随机接入。这将有效改善业务具有周期性的机器类通信的接入性能，降低碰撞概率，提高接入成功率。
因此，通过合理利用机器类通信业务的周期性，联合使用基于竞争和非竞争的随机接入，在MTC终端首次接入小区时，设置上报周期，此后的接入均为周期性非竞争随机接入，由于每个MTC终端都在指定的随机接入资源上发送请求，避免碰撞发生，减少了因碰撞而引起的资源浪费，提高了前导序列的利用率。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入方法，应用于机器类通信MTC终端，该方法包括：
S101，接入小区后确定随机接入时间；
S102，根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入；
其中，所述基站包括：演进的基站(evolved NodeB，简称eNB)；
其中，所述确定随机接入时间，包括以下方式的任意一种：
a)向基站上报通信周期；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的通信周期确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
b)向基站上报下一次通信时间；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的下一次通信时间确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
c)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
d)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的 随机接入时刻
其中，根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入，包括：
根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
其中，所述随机接入周期是可变的。
其中，根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入，包括：
根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入
其中，基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源为本终端专用的随机接入资源，或者本终端与其他MTC终端共享的随机接入资源。
其中，随机接入小区，包括：在首次接入小区时采用基于竞争的随机接入方式进行随机接入。
其中，每一次接入小区后，还包括：
向基站发送数据；
在完成与基站的通信后，转入无线资源控制空闲RRC_IDLE状态；
如图2所示，本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入方法，应用于基站，该方法包括：
S201，在机器类通信MTC终端接入小区后，确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间；
S202，根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
其中，所述基站包括：演进的基站(evolved NodeB，简称eNB)；
其中，所述确定MTC终端的随机接入时间，包括以下方式的任意一种：
a)接收所述MTC终端上报的通信周期；根据接收到的通信周期确定所 述MTC终端的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
b)接收所述MTC终端上报的下一次通信时间；根据接收到的下一次通信时间确定所述MTC终端的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
c)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
d)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
其中，根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源，包括：
根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
其中，所述随机接入周期是可变的。
其中，根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源，包括：
根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源；
其中，基站为MTC终端分配的随机接入资源为所述MTC终端专用的随机接入资源，或者所述MTC终端与其他MTC终端共享的随机接入资源。
如图3所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种随机接入装置，应用于机器类通信MTC终端，包括：
协商模块301，设置为接入小区后确定随机接入时间；
随机接入模块302，设置为根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
其中，协商模块301，设置为采用以下方式确定随机接入时间：
采用以下方式的任意一种确定随机接入时间：
a)向基站上报通信周期；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的通信周期确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
b)向基站上报下一次通信时间；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的下一次通信时间确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
c)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
d)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
其中，随机接入模块302，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入：
根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
其中，所述随机接入周期是可变的。
其中，随机接入模块302，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入：
根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
其中，基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源为本终端专用的随机接入资源，或者本终端与其他MTC终端共享的随机接入资源。
如图4所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种随机接入装置，应用于基站，包括：
协商模块401，设置为在机器类通信MTC终端接入小区后，确定所述 MTC终端的随机接入时间；
资源分配模块402，设置为根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
其中，协商模块401，设置为采用以下方式确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间：
采用以下方式的任意一种确定随机接入时间：
a)接收所述MTC终端上报的通信周期；根据接收到的通信周期确定所述MTC终端的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
b)接收所述MTC终端上报的下一次通信时间；根据接收到的下一次通信时间确定所述MTC终端的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
c)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
d)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
其中，资源分配模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源：
根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
其中，所述随机接入周期是可变的。
其中，资源分配模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源：
根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源；
其中，基站为MTC终端分配的随机接入资源为所述MTC终端专用的随机接入资源，或者所述MTC终端与其他MTC终端共享的随机接入资源。
示例一
如图5所示，本发明实施例提供了一种基于LTE的机器类通信随机接入优化方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S501：机器类通信MTC终端首次接入小区，首次接入采用LTE基于竞争的随机接入，如图6所示，可以分为以下四个步骤：
a)MTC终端发送前导序列；
b)基站收到MTC终端发送的前导序列后，向MTC终端发送随机接入响应RAR(Random Access Response)；
c)MTC终端收到RAR后向基站发送消息三Msg3；
d)基站收到Msg3后向MTC终端发送冲突解决信息；
步骤S502：MTC终端发送数据；
步骤S503：设置通信周期，可以包括以下步骤：
情况一：由MTC终端上报通信周期：
a)MTC终端将通信周期上报给基站；
b)基站接收并存储该MTC终端上报的通信周期，根据通信周期设置通信周期计时器起始时刻，并将通信周期和通信周期计时器起始时刻信息反馈给MTC终端；
情况二：基站直接为MTC终端配置通信周期和通信周期计时器起始时刻，并将该通信周期和通信周期计时器起始时刻信息发送给MTC终端。
步骤S504：基站和处于无线资源控制连接RRC_CONNECTED状态下的MTC终端在约定时刻(通信周期计时器起始时刻)同时启动通信周期计时器。
步骤S505：MTC终端转入无线资源控制空闲RRC_IDLE状态，以节约电量；
步骤S506：判断通信周期计时器是否到时，是则执行步骤S507，否则返回步骤S506；
步骤S507：MTC终端和基站重新启动通信周期计时器；
步骤S508：基站配置MTC终端的随机接入资源，MTC终端在分配的资源上发起随机接入，如图7所示，可以分为以下三个步骤：
a)通信周期计时器到时，基站向MTC终端发送指示随机接入资源的信息，同时MTC终端开始侦听PDCCH；
基站可通过寻呼消息、RRC(Radio Resource Control，无线资源控制)信令或者PDCCH命令类似半静态调度方式给MTC终端分配专用的随机接入资源，包括前导序列号和PRACH时频资源。
基站为MTC终端配置的随机接入资源可以为一个或多个；当基站为MTC终端配置的随机接入资源为一个时，MTC终端可以专享所述随机接入资源，或者与别的MTC终端共享所述随机接入资源；当基站为MTC终端配置的随机接入资源为多个时，MTC终端可以与别的MTC终端共享所述随机接入资源；
该类PRACH资源和序列的具体设计，也可特殊考虑，提高码分复用(CDM，Code Division Multiplex)用户数量、减少预留资源开销。
采用寻呼消息分配专用的随机接入资源尤其适用于移动范围在相邻几个小区内的MTC终端，而位置固定的MTC终端更适合用RRC信令、PDCCH命令指示接入资源。
b)MTC终端在指定的资源上发送随机接入请求(前导序列)；
c)基站成功接收到MTC终端的接入请求后发送随机接入响应；
步骤S509：MTC终端发送数据，然后转入无线资源控制空闲RRC_IDLE状态，返回步骤S506；
其中，通信周期是可变的；在需要改变通信周期时，可以执行步骤S503至步骤S509；
示例二
下面以MTC智能抄表业务为例对本发明方法进行说明。
MTC智能抄表业务可按下表(表1)所示抄表频次进行周期性上报。
Figure PCTCN2017072761-appb-000001
表1
以MTC智能电表为例进行分析：
步骤601：MTC智能电表终端首次接入小区，采用基于竞争的随机接入过程接入；
步骤602：MTC智能电表终端向基站发送数据，上报用电量；
步骤603：设置通信周期；
a)MTC智能电表终端告知基站MTC智能电表终端的通信周期；
其中，MTC智能电表终端的通信周期为1小时，也即，MTC智能电表终端每小时都上报用电量；
b)基站接收并保存接收到的MTC智能电表上报的通信周期，根据通信周期设置通信周期计时器起始时刻，并将通信周期和通信周期计时器起始时刻信息反馈给MTC终端；
步骤604，基站和处于无线资源控制连接RRC_CONNECTED状态下的MTC终端在约定时刻(通信周期计时器起始时刻)同时启动通信周期计时器，定时时间设为1小时。
步骤605：MTC智能电表终端转入无线资源控制空闲RRC_IDLE状态，以节约电量；
步骤606：判断通信周期计时器是否到时，是则执行步骤607，否则返回步骤606；
步骤607：MTC智能电表和基站重新启动通信周期计时器；
步骤608：MTC智能电表终端进行非竞争随机接入过程：
a)通信周期计时器到时，基站向MTC智能电表终端发送指示随机接入资源的信息；
基站可通过寻呼消息、RRC信令或者PDCCH命令给MTC终端分配专用的非竞争随机接入资源，包括前导序列号和PRACH资源。
MTC智能电表终端从ra-PreambleIndex获取指定的前导序列(preamble)索引，并从ra-PRACH-MaskIndex获取指定的PRACH资源。
b)MTC智能电表终端在指定的资源上发送随机接入请求(利用基站分配的前导序列)；
c)基站成功接收到MTC终端的随机接入请求后发送随机接入响应；
步骤609：MTC终端发送新的抄表数据，上报用电量；随后MTC终端转入RRC_IDLE状态，返回步骤606。
在本实例中，根据MTC智能抄表终端的上报频次选择合适的通信周期，并进行基于竞争与非竞争的接入，通过通信周期计时器有效地联合使用，能够降低碰撞概率，保证MTC智能抄表业务的可靠接入。
上述实施例提供的一种随机接入方法和装置，利用机器类通信业务的周期性特点，在MTC终端接入小区后，向演进的基站(eNB，evolved NodeB)上报周期，此后的接入为定时随机接入，eNB周期配置MTC终端的接入资源。定时接入的接入时刻可以由通信周期定时器控制，此定时器在MTC终端(处于RRC连接状态)与eNB的约定时刻启动。由于每个MTC终端都在指定的随机接入资源上发送请求，避免碰撞发生，减少了因碰撞而引起的资源浪费，提高了前导序列的利用率。
工业实用性
本发明实施例提供的技术方案，利用机器类通信MTC业务的周期性特点，在MTC终端接入小区后，MTC终端与基站确定随机接入时间，基站根据确定的随机接入时间为MTC终端分配随机接入资源，MTC终端根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。由于每个MTC终端都在指定的随机接入资源上发送请求，避免碰撞发生，减少了因碰撞而引起的资源浪费，提高了前导序列的利用率。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种随机接入方法，应用于机器类通信MTC终端，该方法包括：
    接入小区后确定随机接入时间；
    根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中：
    所述确定随机接入时间，包括以下方式的任意一种：
    a)向基站上报通信周期；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的通信周期确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
    b)向基站上报下一次通信时间；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的下一次通信时间确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
    c)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
    d)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其中：
    根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入，包括：
    根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其中：
    所述随机接入周期是可变的。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其中：
    根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随 机接入，包括：
    根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
  6. 一种随机接入方法，应用于基站，该方法包括：
    在机器类通信MTC终端接入小区后，确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间；
    根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其中：
    所述确定随机接入时间，包括以下方式的任意一种：
    a)接收所述MTC终端上报的通信周期；根据接收到的通信周期确定所述MTC终端的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
    b)接收所述MTC终端上报的下一次通信时间；根据接收到的下一次通信时间确定所述MTC终端的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
    c)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
    d)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其中：
    根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源，包括：
    根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其中：
    所述随机接入周期是可变的。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其中：
    根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源，包括：
    根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
  11. 一种随机接入装置，应用于机器类通信MTC终端，包括：
    协商模块，设置为接入小区后确定随机接入时间；
    随机接入模块，设置为根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的装置，其中：
    协商模块，设置为采用以下方式确定随机接入时间：
    采用以下方式的任意一种确定随机接入时间：
    a)向基站上报通信周期；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的通信周期确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
    b)向基站上报下一次通信时间；接收基站返回的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站根据上报的下一次通信时间确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
    c)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
    d)接收基站的配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其中：
    随机接入模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入：
    根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的装置，其中：
    所述随机接入周期是可变的。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其中：
    随机接入模块，用于根据确定的随机接入时间在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入，包括：
    根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时在基站为本终端分配的随机接入资源上进行随机接入。
  16. 一种随机接入装置，应用于基站，包括：
    协商模块，设置为在机器类通信MTC终端接入小区后，确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间；
    资源分配模块，设置为根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的装置，其中：
    协商模块，设置为采用以下方式确定所述MTC终端的随机接入时间：
    采用以下方式的任意一种确定随机接入时间：
    a)接收所述MTC终端上报的通信周期；根据接收到的通信周期确定所述MTC终端的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
    b)接收所述MTC终端上报的下一次通信时间；根据接收到的下一次通信时间确定所述MTC终端的下一次通信的随机接入时刻；向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括下一次通信的随机接入时刻；
    c)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻；
    d)向所述MTC终端返回配置信息，所述配置信息中包括基站设置的下一次通信的随机接入时刻。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的装置，其中：
    资源分配模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源：
    根据确定的随机接入周期和起始随机接入时刻，周期性为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的装置，其中：
    所述随机接入周期是可变的。
  20. 如权利要求17所述的装置，其中：
    资源分配模块，设置为采用以下方式根据确定的随机接入时间为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源：
    根据确定的下一次通信的随机接入时刻定时为所述MTC终端分配随机接入资源。
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