WO2017130165A1

WO2017130165A1 - A high temperature combustion system and its process thereof for producing heat for wide range of application

Info

Publication number: WO2017130165A1
Application number: PCT/IB2017/050470
Authority: WO
Inventors: Payodhar PADHI; Debashree PADHI; Chinmayananda PADHY; Shakti Prasad SAHOO; Diana PADHI
Original assignee: Padhi Payodhar; Padhi Debashree; Padhy Chinmayananda; Sahoo Shakti Prasad; Padhi Diana
Priority date: 2016-01-30
Filing date: 2017-01-30
Publication date: 2017-08-03

Abstract

The present invention provides a high temperature combustion system and a process for producing heat for wide range of application such as Industry, handicraft workshops, community kitchen, domestic usage etc. The present combustion system uses any kind of biomass as a primary source of fuel that has combustible properties and water as a secondary source of fuel and designed in such a way that can generate temperature more than 1000 degree centigrade, without emitting any harmful gases such as CO, SO2, CO2, NO2 etc. that can adversely affect either human health or Environment as a Whole.

Description

A HIGH TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION SYSTEM AND ITS PROCESS THEREOF FOR PRODUCING HEAT FOR WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATION

Field of Invention:

The present invention relates to a high temperature combustion system for producing heat for wide range of application.

More particularly, it relates to a high temperature combustion system for producing heat for wide range of application such as Industry, handicraft workshops, community kitchen, domestic usage etc.

More particularly, it relates to a process for combusting hybrid biomass as a primary fuel and water as a secondary fuel. Background and Prior Art of the Invention:

Combustion is the most common way of converting solid biomass fuels to energy. Worldwide, it already provides over 90% of the energy generated from biomass, a significant part of which in the form of traditional uses for cooking and heating. This is mostly the case in developing countries, where biomass combustion provides basic energy for cooking and heating of rural households and for process heat in a variety of traditional industries in developing countries. However, many of these traditional applications are relatively inefficient and be characterized by high indoor air pollution and unsustainable use of forests. Biomass of different forms can also be used to produce power (and heat) in small- scale distributed generation facilities used for rural electrification, in industrial scale applications, as well as in larger scale electricity generation and district heating plants. Several feedstock and conversion technology combinations are available to produce power and combined heat and power (CHP) from biomass. Two technologically mature and cost-attractive options involve burning biomass in standalone units or co-firing it with fossil fuels in standard thermal power plants. Reference may be made from Patent Application No. US 20150362216 which discloses a biofuel heating system for converting biofuel to heat energy to be delivered to a working fluid for transferring heat to a load formed by at least one of a domestic hot water system and a domestic space heating system. The biofuel heating system of the present invention comprises a combustion chamber, a burnout chamber, a burn-out port, a heat exchange chamber, a heat exchange port, an exhaust port, a heat exchange system, a fan, at least one load sensor, and a controller.

Another reference may be made from Patent Application No. US 4848249 which discloses a system for converting biomass to usable energy in accordance with the present invention comprises a biomass feed apparatus which includes a feed hopper with an agitator, at least one feed auger to carry biomass feed from the hopper, and an air lock to prevent backflow of combustible gases into the hopper. The system also includes a fluidized bed gasifier which receives biomass feed from the feed auger and which has a fluidizing air inlet, and which produces combustible gas and particulates containing activated carbon. Reference may be made from Patent Application No. US 91 15617 which discloses a hydrogen combustion system with closed-cycle recycling comprising a hydrogen combustion system with closed-cycle recycling of exhaust gas, comprising: a hydrogen supplier which supply hydrogen used as a fuel, a combustion chamber which is located in the engine and connected to the hydrogen supplying pipe in which the hydrogen is combusted, a condenser which converts the hot exhaust gas emitted through the discharge pipe installed on the outlet of the combustion chamber into the cold exhaust gas and condensed water, and a recycling pipe which performs recycling of a part of the cold exhaust gas from the condenser to the inlet of the combustion chamber . Another reference may be made from the Patent Application No. US 7128005 which discloses a non-polluting high temperature combustion system which comprises in combination a graphite-lined combustion chamber fueled by a controlled-burn thermite fuel, wherein the fuel burns a temperature of up to 6000 degrees Fahrenheit, wherein the resulting gases are essentially pollution free; the system also include a means of passing a substrate into and out of the combustion chamber and/or a turbine powered by gases from the combustion products, means of injecting a working fluid into the combustion gases upstream of the turbine, a heat recovery means that comprises a geo-thermal hot rock bed, a steam generator utilizing heat from the geo-thermal hot rock bed, a working fluid separation means which comprises a condenser, and means of liquefying the remaining gases for commercial use.

Reference may be made from the Patent Application No. US 7128005 which discloses a combustion system for creating high temperature, high pressure gas comprising at least two combustion chambers, and a common premixing chamber for a combustible gas mixture, the said combustion chambers being interconnected and arranged in a closed curve, each of the said combustion chambers having at least a first and second combustion cell in flow series, the said first combustion cell having means to ignite the said combustible mixture entering therein, the said first and the said second cell being arranged in a juxtaposition one to the other, at least one wall partition containing orifice means, the said wall partition being positioned between the said first and the said second cells, the said orifice means being centered approximately in the center of the said wall partition, each of the said combustion chambers having an independent interstice, the said interstices being positioned between the said premixing chamber and the said combustion cells, each of the said interstices feeding the combustible gas mixture into at least one of the said combustion cells in each of the said combustion chambers. Reference may be made from the Patent Application No. CN 1804366 discloses a sub critical composite heat carrier generator temperature and high pressure combustion system Gao, including the head of the combustion chamber, combustor housing , a combustor liner and the vaporization chamber housing, said head combustion chamber in the combustor casing plug front-end, the vaporization chamber housing is connected to the combustor casing a rear end, a combustor liner reset in the combustor casing the inner peripheral wall, an outer peripheral wall and the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber between the housing to form water spacer, a combustor liner is provided with an inner peripheral wall of the water spray nozzle, water nozzles with water spacer communicating the combustion chamber casing cavity to the combustion chamber , vaporizing a housing chamber for the inner cavity vaporization chamber, characterized in that: said combustor casing and the vaporization chamber of the housing connected to the insert end of the intermediate metal seal member sealed, before the metal seal, the latter two sealing surfaces is spherical, the combustor casing and the vaporization chamber of the housing is sealed to the tapered surface; said The combustor liner placed in the rear end extending complex metal seal and the vaporization chamber housing of the front end of the peripheral wall, water is also formed between the peripheral wall of the front end of the peripheral wall with a metal seal spacer .

Another reference may be made from the Patent Application No. U.S. Pat. No. 6,637,183 issued to Viteri et. al., for example, discloses a stationary power plant which utilizes a semi-closed Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine Power System that can convert an open combined cycle gas turbine into a reduced or zero emissions power system. The system includes a compressor which compresses air and combusts the air with a hydrocarbon fuel. The products of combustion and the remaining portions for the air from the exhaust is expanded through a turbine. The turbine drives the compressor and outputs power. The exhaust exits the turbine and then is routed through a heat recovery steam generator. A bottoming cycle portion of the system includes a gas generator which combusts a hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen. Water is also entered into the gas generator where it is heated and combined with the products of combustion before entering a bottoming turbine. The water is then separated and routed back to the gas generator after preheating within the heat recovery steam generator. This system depicts the extent of costly equipment and extent of treatment needed to deal with the ordeal of the use of air as the supply of oxygen. The drawbacks of the prior existing combustion system are that it can provide flame temperature more than 1000 degree centigrade which essentially requires coke as a major fuel. The coke as a fuel generates various gasses such as CO,S02, C02,N02 etc., which are proved as very harm full for Environment and Health. On contrary, the present invention uses any kind of biomass and water as a fuel that has combustible properties, and generates temperature more than 1000 degree centigrade, but does not generate any harmful smoke that can adversely affect either human health or Environment as a Whole. Object of the invention:

The main object of the present invention is to provide a high temperature combustion system for producing heat for wide range of application such as Industry, handicraft workshops, community kitchen, domestic usage etc. It is another object of the present invention is to provide a high temperature combustion system for producing heat for wide range of application such as Industry, handicraft workshops, community kitchen, domestic usage etc.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide combustion system that uses biomass as primary fuel that has combustible property and water as secondary fuel.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide combustion system uses biomass as primary fuel that has combustible property and water as secondary fuel which does not generate any harmful smoke that can adversely affect either human health or Environment as a Whole It is still another object of the present invention to provide combustion system that generates more than 1000 degree temperature.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide combustion system that generates more than 1000 degree temperature with hybrid biomass and water as secondary fuel.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a combustion system that fitted with required control system or mechanical system to control chroma of flame and subsequently the flame of the combustion system.

It is another object of the present invention is to provide a process for combusting hybrid biomass as a primary fuel and water as a secondary fuel. Summary of the Invention

The present invention provides a high temperature combustion system and a process for producing heat for wide range of application such as Industry, handicraft workshops, community kitchen, domestic usage etc. The present combustion system uses any kind of biomass as a primary source of fuel that has combustible properties and water as a secondary source of fuel and designed in such a way that can generate temperature more than 1000 degree centigrade, without emitting any harmful gases such as CO,S02, C02,N02 etc. that can adversely affect either human health or Environment as a Whole. The present system is controlled by a specially designed control system for temperature and chromatic control and achieves the desired flame color and corresponding temperature through convenient supply of controlled instructions by control system.

Brief description of the drawings:

The disclosure will provide details in the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the following drawings, wherein: Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the combustion system.

Referring to figure 1 , a high temperature combustion system is disclosed having a combustion chamber (1 ) which contains the hybrid biomass, wherein a air circulating chamber (3) is inserted between the outer surface of combustion chamber (1 ) and inner surface of insulation chamber for circulation of air originating from blower(10). The said combustion system (1 ) is being connected with the insulation chamber (2) having an insulation layer outer to the air circulation chamber (3) covered with composite insulation material made out of flyash, coir dust and glass wool etc. for almost zero dissipation of heat generating out of combustion process inside the combustion chamber to the outer environment. The combustion chamber (1 ) also contains an heat exchanger{8), which is placed inside the combustion chamber (1 ) with fluidized bed at bottom, where one or more than one atomizer (9) is attached to the top end of the heat exchanger (8) and the bottom end of heat exchanger (8) is connected to a steam generator^), which is further connected to a water chamber(4) attached to outer wall of combustion chamber (1 ), wherein the said water chamber (4) is being attached with air pressure chamber (5). The air pressure chamber supplies spontaneous entry of required quantity of air and water mixture into the steam generator (6).

The present combustion system is having a control system designed for quantitative control of pressure chamber (5) attached to the top of water chamber (4) and the blower attached to the air circulating chamber. The such control system is named as chromatic controller.

The above summary, as well as the following detailed description of certain embodiments of the present invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawing. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, certain embodiments are shown in the drawing. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the attached drawing.

Detailed Description of the Invention:

Accordingly, the present invention provides a high temperature combustion system for producing heat for wide range of application, wherein the said system comprising of a combustion chamber (1 ), contains the hybrid biomass, , wherein an air circulating chamber (3) is inserted between the outer surface of combustion chamber (1 ) and inner surface of insulation chamber for circulation of air originating from blower(10), and the said combustion system (1 ) is being connected with the insulation chamber (2) having an insulation layer outer to the air circulation chamber (3) covered with suitable insulation material for almost zero dissipation of heat generating out of combustion process inside the combustion chamber to the outer environment, , wherein the said combustion chamber (1 ) contains an heat exchanger(8), which is placed inside the combustion chamber (1 ) with fluidized bed at bottom, wherein at least one atomizer (7) is attached to the top end of the heat exchanger (8) and the bottom end of heat exchanger (8) is connected to a steam generator^), which is further connected to a water chamber(9) attached to outer wall of combustion chamber (3), wherein the said water chamber (4) is being attached with air pressure chamber (5) for supplying spontaneous entry of required quantity of air and water mixture into the steam generator (6), Wherein the said combustion system (1 ) is having a control system chromatic controller designed for quantitative control of pressure chamber (5) attached to the top of water chamber (4) and the blower attached to the air circulating chamber.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the said hybrid biomass comprising of any bio mass of varying size and shape, that has combustible property. In an another embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid biomass is used as a fuel to initiate the combustion process, allow the bottom of the chamber to create heated and fluidized air and allow the heat exchanger to attain the temperature required for getting the super heated steam and enable the atomizer to spray the dissociated hydrogen and oxygen on to the existing flame and transform the flame to attain a higher temperature more than 1000 degree centigrade.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the combustion chamber also have several passages on it's peripheral surface, for getting the required air from blower to support the combustion process.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the air circulating chamber presents a layer between insulation chamber and combustion chamber which is meant for circulation of air, originating from the blower attached to the air circulation chamber at various positions depending on the geometry of the combustion system, wherein the air is meant for entering the combustion chamber through several passages on to the periphery of combustion chamber.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, an insulation chamber is inserted to insulate the heat generating from combustion chamber from dissipating to external environment, wherein the suitable insulation material is applied for protecting heat to dissipate from surface of combustion chamber, such that temperature consistency more than 1000 degree centigrade can be preserved inside the combustion chamber.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the suitable insulation material is selected from the group comprising of flyash, coir dust and glass wool etc.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger is made out of metal or alloy selected from a group comprising of stainless steel metals whose boiling point are higher than the metals used for target metals for melting, molding, alloying or any sort of other processing that is required for combustion inside the said combustion system.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the geometry of heat exchanger may vary in shape and size depending on installation of combustion system.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, an atomizer is also attached to the heat exchanger, which utilizes a point of contact between heat exchanger and flame inside the combustion chamber.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the super heated steam directly get contacted with the heat system of combustion chamber through nozzles.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the super heated steam from heat exchanger is converted to fully or partially dissociated hydrogen and oxygen atoms at atomizer and injected to the existing flame through nozzles of atomizer characterized in that the fully or partially dissociated hydrogen and oxygen molecules increases the temperature beyond 1000 degree centigrade. In still another embodiment of the present invention, the steam generator is attached to the bottom of heat exchanger on one side and to the water chamber at another side.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the steam generator is getting supplied with water from water chamber and uses the heat generated from the existing combustion system and generates steam thus positioned at optimal position, such that it can get flames with the highest temperature.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the water chamber is attached to the outer wall of the combustion system which supplies water to steam generator. In still another embodiment of the present invention a pressure chamber is also attached to the water chamber which is used to infuse air into the water and push the water towards steam generator whereby the pressure in the pressure chamber can be created by manually or by attaching an AC/DC air pressure chamber.

In still yet another embodiment of the present invention, the Chromatic controller is designed for controlling the quantitative control of pressure chamber attached to the top of water chamber and the blower attached to the air circulating chamber. In still another embodiment of the present invention, the blower (1 0) is attached to the bottom wall of air circulating chamber facing upwards to combustion chamber and the air circulated within the perforated gap between combustion chamber and outer container and reaches to the passages at peripheral wall of combustion chamber for helping combustion process by providing air.

The present invention also provides a process for combusting hybrid biomass as a primary fuel and water as a secondary fuel, wherein the said comprising the steps of:

(a) primary combustion of biomass as primary fuel used for supplying heat to steam generation, fluidized bed, heat exchanges to get the steam super heated

(b) secondary combusting of water as a secondary fuel after converting into super heated steam

(c) atomizing the supply of mixture of pressurized air and super heated steam by the atomizer;

(d) controlling and maintaining the temperature of the flame by a control system

(e) driving and controlling pressure chamber, water chamber and blower.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the super heated stream is splited into oxygen and hydrogen in a partial or complete dissolution. In an another embodiment of the present invention, super heated steam is attained with the help of fluidized bed used for heating the water and allow the water to get super heated and spray which is dissociated into required hydrogen and oxygen to existing flame.

In further embodiment of the present invention, the super heated steam contains the hydrogen atom that is used to raise the temperature of primary combustion to a higher temperature more than 1000 degree temperature. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the process for combusting hybrid biomass and water is achieved by chromatic control in order to get the desired flame color and corresponding temperature through control system.

A high temperature combustion system based on water converted to hydrogen due to super heated and acting as secondary fuel and biomass as primary fuel with solar system based blower to supply required oxygen necessary for combustion system to get the water to become super heated and split into oxygen and hydrogen in a partial or complete dissolution is provided. For converting the water into hydrogen, one water tank with required capacity has been attached to the outer wall for convenient refilling. The water tank is connected to a spiral metallic tube made out of any available metal whose boiling point are higher than the metals that will be targeted for melting, molding, alloying or any sort of other processing that will required combustion inside the proposed combustion system.

The spiral structure is designed for attainment of super heated steam for input water from the container attached to the outer wall of the combustion system. The combustion required to convert the water into super heated steam will be provided from combustion of hybrid biomass. Here, hybrid biomass includes any bio mass of varying size and shape that has combustible property. The super heated steam will be containing segregated hydrogen atom and will be used to raise the temperature of primary combustion to a higher temperature and controllable by a specially designed control system for temperature and chromatic control and achieve the desired flame color and corresponding temperature through convenient supply of controlled instructions by control system.

The upper portion of the combustion system can be varied by different shape, size, geometry and fitment of accessories to hold the required subject(s) that requires necessary combustion for their required processing. The above combustion can be suitably applied for any purpose for example house hold cooking, community kitchen, melting of metal or in any case where combustion system required for providing required flames and temperatures.

Advantages of the present invention:

The main advantages of the present invention are:

1 ) The present combustion system can uses any biomass that has combustible properties, and generates temperature more than 1300 degree centigrade, but does not generate any harmful smoke that can adversely affect either human health or Environment as a whole.

2) The present combustion can be suitably applied for any purpose for example house hold cooking, community kitchen, melting of metal or in any case where combustion system required for providing required flames and temperatures.

Reference numerals used:

Combustion chamber

Insulating chamber

Air circulating chamber

Secondary fuel (water ) reservoir

Pressure chamber

Steam generating chamber

Fluidized bed

Heat exchanger depending on sizes

Atomizer depending on sizes

Fan AC/DC low wattage depending on temperatu Battery

Solar cell

Flame convergent chamber

Claims

A high temperature combustion system for producing heat for wide range of application, wherein the said system comprising of a combustion chamber (1 ), contains the hybrid biomass, wherein a air circulating chamber (3) is inserted between the outer surface of combustion chamber (1 ) and inner surface of insulation chamber for circulation of air originating from blower, and the said combustion system (1 ) is being connected with the insulation chamber (2) having an insulation layer outer to the air circulation chamber (3) covered with suitable insulation material for almost zero dissipation of heat generating out of combustion process inside the combustion chamber to the outer environment, , wherein the said combustion chamber (1 ) contains an heat exchanger{8), which is placed inside the combustion chamber (1 ) with fluidized bed at bottom, wherein at least one atomizer (9) is attached to the top end of the heat exchanger (8) and the bottom end of heat exchanger (8) is connected to a steam generator^), which is further connected to a water chamber(4) attached to outer wall of combustion chamber (1 ), wherein the said water chamber (4) is being attached with air pressure chamber (5) for supplying spontaneous entry of required quantity of air and water mixture into the steam generator (6), Wherein the said combustion system (3) is having a control system chromatic controller for quantitative control of pressure chamber (5) attached to the top of water chamber (4) and the blower attached to the air circulating chamber.

The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said hybrid biomass comprising of any bio mass of varying size and shape, that has combustible property.

The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hybrid biomass is used as a fuel to initiate the combustion process, allow the bottom of the chamber to create heated and fluidized air and allow the heat exchanger to attain the temperature required for getting the super heated steam and enable the atomizer to spray the dissociated hydrogen and oxygen on to the existing flame and transform the flame to attain a higher temperature more than 1000 degree centigrade.

The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the combustion chamber also have several passages on it's peripheral surface, for getting the required air from blower to support the combustion process.

The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the air circulating chamber is the layer between insulation chamber and combustion chamber, meant for circulation of air, originating from the blower attached to the air circulation chamber at various positions depending on the geometry of the combustion system, wherein the air is meant for entering the combustion chamber through several passages on to the periphery of combustion chamber.

The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an insulation chamber is inserted to insulate the heat generating from combustion chamber from dissipating to external environment, wherein the composite insulation material used is selected from the group of fly ash, coir dust and glass woo etc for protecting heat to dissipate from surface of combustion chamber, such that temperature consistency can be preserved inside the combustion chamber.

The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is made out of metal or alloy selected from a group comprising of metals whose boiling point are higher than the metals used for target metals for melting, molding, alloying or any sort of other processing that is required for combustion inside the said combustion system.

The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said system has an atomizer that is attached to the heat exchanger, wherein the atomizer used as a point of contact between heat exchanger and flame inside the combustion chamber.

9. The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the super heated steam get contact with the heat system ie flame of primary fuel of combustion chamber through nozzles.

10. The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the super heated steam from heat exchanger is converted to fully or partially dissociated hydrogen and oxygen atoms at atomizer and injected to the existing flame through nozzles of atomizer characterized in that the fully or partially dissociated hydrogen and oxygen molecules increases the temperature beyond 1000 degree centigrade.

1 1 . The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the steam generator is attached to the bottom of heat exchanger on one side and to the water chamber at other side wherein the steam generator is getting supplied with water from water chamber and uses the heat generated from the existing combustion system and generates steam thus positioned at optimal position, such that it can get flames with highest temperature.

12. The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the water chamber is attached to the outer wall of the combustion system which supplies water to steam generator.

13. The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pressure chamber is attached to the water Chamber which is used to infuse air into the water and push the water towards steam generator whereby the pressure in the pressure chamber can be created by manually or by attaching an AC/DC air pressure chamber.

14. The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the Chromatic controller is designed for controlling the quantitative control of pressure chamber attached to the top of water chamber and the blower attached to the air circulating chamber.

15. The high temperature combustion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said blower is attached to the bottom wall of air circulating chamber facing upwards to combustion chamber and the air circulated within the perforated gap between combustion chamber and outer container and reaches to the passages at peripheral wall of combustion chamber for helping combustion process by providing air.

16. A process for combusting hybrid biomass as a primary fuel and water as a secondary fuel, wherein the said comprising the steps of:

a) Primary combustion of biomass as primary fuel used for supplying heat to steam generation, fluidized bed, heat exchanges to get the steam super heated;

b) secondary combusting of water as a secondary fuel after converting into superheated steam;

c) Atomizing the supply of mixture of pressurized air and superheated steam by the atomizer(9);

d) controlling and maintaining the temperature of the flame by a control system; e) driving and controlling pressure chamber, water chamber and blower.

17. A process for combusting water as claimed in claim 16, wherein the super heated stream is splited into oxygen and hydrogen in a partial or complete dissolution.

18. A process for combusting water as claimed in claim 16, wherein super heated steam is attained with the help of fluidized bed used for heating the water and allow the water to get super heated and spray which is dissociated into required hydrogen and oxygen to existing flame.

19. A process for combusting water as claimed in claim 16, wherein the super heated steam contains the hydrogen atom that is used to raise the temperature of primary combustion to a higher temperature at least 1000 degree temperature.

20. A process for combusting water as claimed in claim 16, wherein the said process is achieved by chromatic control in order to get the desired flame color and corresponding temperature through control system.

21 . A process for combusting water as claimed in claim 16, wherein the said process generates more than 1000 degree temperature with water as a primary fuel and biomass as secondary fuel.