WO2017121550A1 - Sensor track, assembly - Google Patents

Sensor track, assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017121550A1
WO2017121550A1 PCT/EP2016/080264 EP2016080264W WO2017121550A1 WO 2017121550 A1 WO2017121550 A1 WO 2017121550A1 EP 2016080264 W EP2016080264 W EP 2016080264W WO 2017121550 A1 WO2017121550 A1 WO 2017121550A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor track
sen
sensor
shaft
steel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/080264
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joachim Denk
Rainer Gausmann
Frank HEIDTMANN
Peter MARTINIUS
Mark Van Dijk
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2017121550A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017121550A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/2006—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
    • G01D5/202—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils by movable a non-ferromagnetic conductive element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/24428—Error prevention
    • G01D5/24433—Error prevention by mechanical means
    • G01D5/24438—Special design of the sensing element or scale

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor track for eddy current applications wherein the sensor track is made of a steel having an austenitic crystal structure.
  • the invention relates to an arrangement with such a sensor track.
  • the preferred application of the invention are fast ro ⁇ animal turboengines.
  • the rotors of these systems rotate at speeds between about 600 - 30,000 rpm. In a particularly preferred field of application of the invention, these rotors are magnetically supported.
  • eddy current sensors are usually used in turbomachinery.
  • the radial and / or axial position of the rotor is determined relative to stationary components.
  • Advantages of the sensors are high accuracy with high resolution, high band width ⁇ in conjunction with a strong robustness against pollution in industrial applications.
  • a disadvantage of the sensors is the sensitivity of the eddy currents to material inhomogeneities, which lead to an electrical runout (electrical runout).
  • Manufacturers of high-speed rotary machines often have to comply with the API 617 (API Standard 617 - American Petroleum Institute), which is the sum of mechanical and electrical runout error to the greater of 25% of the maximum allowable vibration amplitude (peak-to-peak) and 6 ⁇
  • a steel is used as a sensor track, which has an austenitic crystal structure ⁇ , said steel having a high nickel content, in excess of 8Gew .-%.
  • An advantageous development provides for the sensor track to use a submarine steel.
  • Particularly suitable here is the material: 1.3964 (X2CrNiMnMoNNb21-16-5-3).
  • the skilled person is known as a generic characterized mangalloy that this differs from a simple stainless steel, that it is still alternates with manganese and molybdenum le ⁇ .
  • This alloy is made in such a way that it stabilizes the austenitic structure and avoids the formation of - or even ⁇ -ferrite.
  • the advantage for submarines is because ⁇ rin reason that they are not localized by distortion of an external magnetic field. It has been shown with the invention that this steel is also particularly well suited for the sensor track, in particular on turbo machines.
  • the sensor track can be realized in particular by:
  • the corresponding material is applied in the form of a welded layer on the shaft.
  • An advantageous development of the invention provides an arrangement with a rotor having a sensor track according to the invention, wherein the rotor comprises a shaft, wherein the base material of the shaft is a different material than the Ma ⁇ material of the sensor track, on the Base material of the shaft is attached.
  • the shaft material may in this case in particular be based on the strength requirements. chemical resistance, manufacturing requirements and costs, without having to consider the special requirements of the sensor track.
  • a particularly advantageous possibility for producing the sensor track is that the sensor track is welded onto the shaft.
  • the sensor track is formed as a sleeve which surrounds a shaft of the rotor extending in the circumferential direction.
  • a Anord ⁇ voltage comprises a bearing with magnetic bearings, which comprises a control and an output connected to the control eddy current sensor, wherein said eddy current sensor on the sensor track detects the radial and / or axial position of the rotor and the Rege Based on this measurement, the magnetic bearing is controlled or a magnetic field of the magnetic bearing is adjusted in such a way that the rotor further approaches the desired spatial position.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement according to the invention with a sensor track SEN according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a magnetically levitated turbocompressor rotor or rotor R-extending along an axis X-by means of which a process fluid PF is compressed.
  • the rotor R is mounted on two axially spaced-apart positions of a shaft SH by means of a bearing BU (axially left only shown symbolically).
  • the sensor track SEN consists of a steel, the one
  • the bearing BU comprises an active magnetic bearing AMB, which extends in the circumferential direction to the axis X about the shaft SH of the rotor R he ⁇ .
  • An eddy-current sensor ECS detects the radial and / or axial position of the shaft SH in the region of the sensor track SEN.
  • the sensor track SEN can on the shaft SH as
  • the sensor track SEN is mounted as a sleeve SL on the shaft SH, surrounding the shaft in the circumferential direction.
  • the sleeve SL can be attached to the Wel ⁇ le SH, for example by means of shrinkage.
  • the sensor track SEN consists in both cases of a different material than the base material of the shaft SH. In the exemplary embodiment, the material Inconell 625 was selected for the sensor track SEN.
  • the sensor track can also be part of the shaft base material, such that the sensor track and the shaft consist of a steel which has an austenitic crystal structure.
  • FIG. 1 shows this possibility if both the sensor track SEN and the sleeve SL are not are provided separately but the eddy current sensor ECS simply measures against the shaft.
  • the shaft SH may have a surface treatment for this purpose.
  • the position POS measured by the eddy-current sensor ECS at the sensor track SEN of the shaft SH, is recorded by a control unit CU.
  • a power supply P supplies the control unit CU with the energy P. required for the operation of the storage BU.
  • a controller CR of the control unit CU determines from the position POS a controller output amplified by an amplifier AMP driven by the controller to the active magnetic bearing AMB of the position ⁇ BU is transmitted.
  • the electrical runout error of the measurement is reduced by means of the eddy current sensor ECS on the sensor ⁇ track SEN, so that the activation of the active Mag ⁇ netlagers AMB means of the control unit CU a more accurate axi ale and radial positioning of the rotor R result as the result previously in the art.

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor track (SEN) for eddy current applications and to an assembly comprising such a sensor track. In order to reduce an electrical run-out error, it is proposed that the sensor track (SEN) is made of a steel that has an austenitic crystal structure.

Description

Beschreibung description
Sensorspur, Anordnung Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensorspur für Wirbelstromanwendungen wobei die Sensorspur aus einem Stahl besteht, der eine austenitisch Kristallstruktur aufweist. Daneben betrifft die Erfindung eine Anordnung mit einer derartigen Sensorspur. Das bevorzugt Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung sind schnell ro¬ tierende Turbomaschinen. Die Rotoren dieser Anlagen drehen sich mit Geschwindigkeiten zwischen etwa 600 - 30000 U/min. In einem besonders bevorzugten Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung sind diese Rotoren magnetgelagert. Sensor track, arrangement The invention relates to a sensor track for eddy current applications wherein the sensor track is made of a steel having an austenitic crystal structure. In addition, the invention relates to an arrangement with such a sensor track. The preferred application of the invention are fast ro ¬ animal turboengines. The rotors of these systems rotate at speeds between about 600 - 30,000 rpm. In a particularly preferred field of application of the invention, these rotors are magnetically supported.
Zur Maschinenüberwachung werden im Turbomaschinenbau in der Regel Wirbelstromsensoren verwendet. Mittels dieser Sensoren wird die radiale und/oder axiale Position des Rotors relativ zu stehenden Bauteilen ermittelt. Vorteile der Sensoren sind eine hohe Genauigkeit mit hoher Auflösung, eine hohe Band¬ breite in Verbindung mit einer ausgeprägten Robustheit gegenüber Verschmutzungen in industriellen Anwendungen. For machine monitoring eddy current sensors are usually used in turbomachinery. By means of these sensors, the radial and / or axial position of the rotor is determined relative to stationary components. Advantages of the sensors are high accuracy with high resolution, high band width ¬ in conjunction with a strong robustness against pollution in industrial applications.
Nachteilig an den Sensoren ist die Sensitivität der Wirbel- ströme gegenüber Materialinhomogenitäten, welche zu einem elektrischen Rundlauffehler führen (Electrical runout) . Hersteller von schnellläufig rotierenden Maschinen müssen häufig die API 617 (API Standard 617 - American Petroleum Institute) einhalten, welche die Summe aus mechanischem und elektrischem Rundlauffehler auf den größeren Wert von 25% der maximal erlaubten Schwingungsamplitude (Spitze-Spitze) und 6μη A disadvantage of the sensors is the sensitivity of the eddy currents to material inhomogeneities, which lead to an electrical runout (electrical runout). Manufacturers of high-speed rotary machines often have to comply with the API 617 (API Standard 617 - American Petroleum Institute), which is the sum of mechanical and electrical runout error to the greater of 25% of the maximum allowable vibration amplitude (peak-to-peak) and 6μη
(0,25mil) begrenzt. (0.25mil) limited.
Je nach Sensorspurmaterial und der Veränderung der Permeabi¬ lität und Leitfähigkeit über dem Umfang der Sensorspur, kann der daraus resultierende elektrische Anteil für Maschinenher¬ steller zum Problem werden. Eine Kompensation des elektrischen Rundlauffehlers durch z.B. einen "look up table" erweist sich in der Praxis als nicht sehr robust, da die elekt- romagnetischen Eigenschaften des Materials nicht langzeit- stabil sind und sich die elektromagnetische Anisotropie durch mechanische Alterung ändert. Bei magnetgelagerten Rotoren erweist sich in Verbindung mit einer breitbandigen Reglerauslegung der elektrische Rundlauffehler als besonders störend, da er in seiner Art hochfre¬ quenter als der rein mechanische Rundlauffehler ist. Das Sensorsignal gelangt in den geschlossenen Regelkreis, wird durch den Regler in eine Spannungs- oder Stromanforderung umgewandelt und belastet so unnötig die Verstärker. Depending on the sensor trace material and the change in Permeabi ¬ formality and conductivity over the periphery of the sensor track, the resulting electrical machine manufacturers share for ¬ manufacturers can become a problem. Compensation of the electrical runout through, for example, a "look up table" proves to be not very robust in practice because the electrical The magnetic properties of the material are not long-term stable and the electromagnetic anisotropy changes due to mechanical aging. In magnetically levitated rotors proves in conjunction with a broadband controller design of the electrical runout as particularly disturbing because it is hochfre ¬ quent in its kind as the purely mechanical concentricity error. The sensor signal enters the closed loop, is converted by the controller in a voltage or current demand and so unnecessarily burdened the amplifier.
Es ist bekannt, ein Prägepolieren (diamond burnishing) der Sensorspur durchzuführen, wenn der elektrische Rundlauffehler groß ist. Hierbei wird mit einem Diamantwerkzeug die Oberflä¬ che "vergleichmäßigt". Allerding ist diese Vorgehensweise nicht immer erfolgreich, so dass im ungünstigen Fall die Sensorspur erneut spanend oder schleifend bearbeitet werden muss, bevor ein erneuter Versuch des erfolgreichen Betriebes durchgeführt werden kann. It is known to perform a diamond burnishing of the sensor track when the electrical runout is large. Here is "equalized" with a diamond tool which Oberflä ¬ che. However, this approach is not always successful, so that in unfavorable case, the sensor track must be machined again or sanding before a renewed attempt of successful operation can be performed.
Aus der DE 10 2014 217 458 AI ist bereits eine Sensorspur der eingangs definierten Art bekannt. Bei magnetgelagerten Rotoren wird in der Regel eine From DE 10 2014 217 458 Al a sensor track of the type defined is already known. In magnetically levitated rotors is usually a
schmalbandige Reglerauslegung angestrebt, um die narrowband governor design aimed at the
hochfrequenten Störungen (u a. der elektrische Rundlauffehler) nicht unnötig zu verstärken. Erfindungsgemäß wird das Problem gelöst, indem als Sensorspur ein Stahl verwendet wird, der eine austenitisch Kristall¬ struktur aufweist, wobei der Stahl einen hohen Nickelanteil aufweist, von über 8Gew.-%. Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung sieht vor, für die Sensorspur einen U-Boot Stahl zu verwenden. Besonders geeignet ist hier der Werkstoff: 1.3964 (X2CrNiMnMoNNb21-16-5-3) . Dem Fachmann ist U-Boot-Stahl als Gattungsbegriff dadurch bekannt, dass dieser sich von einfachem rostfreiem Stahl dadurch unterscheidet, dass er noch mit Mangan und Molybdän le¬ giert ist. Diese Legierung erfolgt derart, dass dadurch das austenitische Gefüge stabilisiert und die Bildung von - oder auch δ-Ferrit vermieden wird. Der Vorteil für U-Boote ist da¬ rin begründet, dass diese nicht mehr durch Verzerrung eines äußeren Magnetfeldes lokalisierbar sind. Es hat sich mit der Erfindung gezeigt, dass dieser Stahl auch für die Sensorspur, insbesondere an Turbomaschinen, besonders gut geeignet ist. high-frequency interference (including the electrical runout) should not be unnecessarily increased. According to the invention the problem is solved by a steel is used as a sensor track, which has an austenitic crystal structure ¬, said steel having a high nickel content, in excess of 8Gew .-%. An advantageous development provides for the sensor track to use a submarine steel. Particularly suitable here is the material: 1.3964 (X2CrNiMnMoNNb21-16-5-3). The skilled person is known as a generic characterized mangalloy that this differs from a simple stainless steel, that it is still alternates with manganese and molybdenum le ¬. This alloy is made in such a way that it stabilizes the austenitic structure and avoids the formation of - or even δ-ferrite. The advantage for submarines is because ¬ rin reason that they are not localized by distortion of an external magnetic field. It has been shown with the invention that this steel is also particularly well suited for the sensor track, in particular on turbo machines.
Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor eine Nickelbasislegierungen insbesondere NiCr22Mo9Nb, (2.4856, Markenname: Inconel 625, Zusammensetzung: Al<0,4; C=0, 03-0,1; Co<l; Cr=20-23; Cu<0,5; Fe<5; Mn<0,5; Mo=8-10; Ni<58; P<0,02; S<0,015; Si<0,5; A development of the invention provides for a nickel-base alloy, in particular NiCr22Mo9Nb, (2.4856, trade name: Inconel 625, composition: Al <0.4, C = 0, 03-0.1, Co <1, Cr = 20-23, Cu <0 , 5, Fe <5, Mn <0.5, Mo = 8-10, Ni <58, P <0.02, S <0.015, Si <0.5;
Ti<0,4; mit Nb+Ta=3 , 15-4 , 15 ; Rest Fe) für die Sensorspur zu ver¬ wenden, weil sich so auch ein sehr geringer elektrischer Rundlauffehler ergibt. Die Sensorspur kann insbesondere dadurch realisiert werden, dass : Ti <0.4; with Nb + Ta = 3, 15-4, 15; Remainder Fe) for the sensor track ver ¬ turn, because so also results in a very low electrical runout. The sensor track can be realized in particular by:
- die gesamte Welle aus einem der oben genannten Materia¬ lien gefertigt wird, - the entire shaft from one of the above-mentioned material ¬ lien is manufactured,
- ein Ring oder eine Büchse aus entsprechendem Material aufgeschrumpft wird (thermisch oder hydraulisch)  - Shrinking a ring or bushing of appropriate material (thermal or hydraulic)
- das entsprechende Material in Form einer aufgeschweißten Schicht auf die Welle aufgebracht wird.  - The corresponding material is applied in the form of a welded layer on the shaft.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht eine An- Ordnung mit einem Rotor vor, der eine Sensorspur nach der Erfindung aufweist, wobei der Rotor eine Welle umfasst, wobei das Grundmaterial der Welle ein anderes Material als das Ma¬ terial der Sensorspur ist, das an dem Grundmaterial der Welle angebracht ist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Material- eigenschaften der Sensorspur und die Materialeigenschaften der Welle auf die speziellen oben erläuterten Anforderungen weitestgehend unabhängig voneinander abzustimmen. Das Wellenmaterial kann hierbei insbesondere auf die Festigkeitsansprü- che, chemische Beständigkeit, Fertigungsanforderungen und Kosten hin optimiert werden, ohne dass auf die besonderen Anforderungen der Sensorspur Rücksicht genommen werden muss. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Möglichkeit zur Herstellung der Sensorspur besteht darin, dass die Sensorspur auf die Welle auftraggeschweißt ist. An advantageous development of the invention provides an arrangement with a rotor having a sensor track according to the invention, wherein the rotor comprises a shaft, wherein the base material of the shaft is a different material than the Ma ¬ material of the sensor track, on the Base material of the shaft is attached. In this way, it is possible to tune the material properties of the sensor track and the material properties of the shaft to the specific requirements explained above largely independent of each other. The shaft material may in this case in particular be based on the strength requirements. chemical resistance, manufacturing requirements and costs, without having to consider the special requirements of the sensor track. A particularly advantageous possibility for producing the sensor track is that the sensor track is welded onto the shaft.
Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, dass die Sensorspur als eine Hülse ausgebildet ist, die eine Welle des Rotors in Umfangsrichtung sich erstreckend umgibt. Another possibility is that the sensor track is formed as a sleeve which surrounds a shaft of the rotor extending in the circumferential direction.
Besondere Vorteile entfaltet die Erfindung, wenn eine Anord¬ nung eine Lagerung mit Magnetlagerung umfasst, die eine Rege- lung und einen mit der Regelung verbundenen Wirbelstromsensor aufweist, wobei der Wirbelstromsensor an der Sensorspur die radiale und/oder axiale Lage des Rotors erfasst und die Rege¬ lung anhand dieser Messung die Magnetlagerung regelt bzw. ein Magnetfeld der Magnetlagerung derart anpasst, dass der Rotor sich der räumlichen Sollposition weiter annähert. Particular advantages the invention when a Anord ¬ voltage comprises a bearing with magnetic bearings, which comprises a control and an output connected to the control eddy current sensor, wherein said eddy current sensor on the sensor track detects the radial and / or axial position of the rotor and the Rege Based on this measurement, the magnetic bearing is controlled or a magnetic field of the magnetic bearing is adjusted in such a way that the rotor further approaches the desired spatial position.
Besondere Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen in der Verringerung der zeitaufwendigen Bearbeitung von Sensorspuren zur Erfüllung der notwendigen Kriterien, sowie in präziseren Rotorpo- sitionssignalen . Weil der elektrische Rundlauffehler typischerweise im hochfrequenten Bereich gegenüber dem mechanischen Rundlauffehler dominiert, wird damit wird das Sensor¬ signal im hochfrequenten Bereich deutlich fehlerfreier, was gerade für die Anwendung bei magnetgelagerten Rotoren inte- ressant ist. Die Erfindung vermeidet, insbesondere bei einer breitbandigen Reglerauslegung, unnötig hohe Steuerspannungen und Steuerstrombedarf - also unnötig hohen Leistungsbedarf und auch Energieverbrauch - der Magnetlager, die ansonsten bis zur Verstärkersättigung ansteigen können. Particular advantages of the invention consist in the reduction of the time-consuming processing of sensor tracks to meet the necessary criteria, as well as in more precise rotor position signals. Because the electrical runout typically dominates the high-frequency range compared to the mechanical runout, is so that the sensor signal is significantly ¬ error-free in the high frequency range, which is inter- esting just for use in magnetically levitated rotors. The invention avoids unnecessarily high control voltages and control power requirements - in other words unnecessarily high power requirements and also energy consumption - in particular in the case of a broadband controller design, the magnetic bearings, which otherwise can rise to amplifier saturation.
Die Erfindung ist in der Folge anhand eines speziellen Aus¬ führungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf eine Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt: Figur 1: eine schematische Darstellung einer Anwendung der Erfindung. Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Anordnung nach der Erfindung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Sensorspur SEN. In der Figur 1 ist ein magnetgelagerter Turboverdichterrotor bzw. Rotor R - sich entlang einer Achse X erstreckend - gezeigt, mittels dessen ein Prozessfluid PF verdichtet wird. Der Rotor R ist an zwei axi- al voneinander beabstandeten Positionen einer Welle SH mittels einer Lagerung BU (axial links nur symbolisch dargestellt) gelagert. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a specific exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing. It shows: Figure 1: a schematic representation of an application of the invention. FIG. 1 shows an arrangement according to the invention with a sensor track SEN according to the invention. FIG. 1 shows a magnetically levitated turbocompressor rotor or rotor R-extending along an axis X-by means of which a process fluid PF is compressed. The rotor R is mounted on two axially spaced-apart positions of a shaft SH by means of a bearing BU (axially left only shown symbolically).
Die Sensorspur SEN besteht aus einem Stahl, der eine The sensor track SEN consists of a steel, the one
austenitisch Kristallstruktur aufweist. austenitic crystal structure.
Die links dargestellte Lagerung BU ist im Einzelnen schema¬ tisch in ihrer Funktionsweise in Figur 1 wiedergegeben. Die Lagerung BU umfasst ein aktives Magnetlager AMB, das sich in Umfangsrichtung zur Achse X um die Welle SH des Rotors R er¬ streckt. Ein Wirbelstromsensor ECS erfasst die radiale und/oder axiale Position der Welle SH im Bereich der Sensorspur SEN. Die Sensorspur SEN kann auf der Welle SH als Storage BU shown on the left is illustrated ¬ table reproduced in detail in its operation in FIG. 1 The bearing BU comprises an active magnetic bearing AMB, which extends in the circumferential direction to the axis X about the shaft SH of the rotor R he ¬ . An eddy-current sensor ECS detects the radial and / or axial position of the shaft SH in the region of the sensor track SEN. The sensor track SEN can on the shaft SH as
Auftragschweißung angebracht sein. Eine alternative Möglich- keit, die in der Figur 1 gestrichelt dargestellt ist, besteht darin, dass die Sensorspur SEN als Hülse SL an der Welle SH, die Welle in Umfangsrichtung umgebend, angebracht ist. Die Hülse SL kann beispielsweise mittels Schrumpfung an der Wel¬ le SH angebracht sein. Die Sensorspur SEN besteht in beiden Fällen aus einem anderen Werkstoff als der Grundwerkstoff der Welle SH. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel wurde der Werkstoff Inconell 625 für die Sensorspur SEN gewählt. Surfacing welding be appropriate. An alternative option, which is shown by dashed lines in FIG. 1, is that the sensor track SEN is mounted as a sleeve SL on the shaft SH, surrounding the shaft in the circumferential direction. The sleeve SL can be attached to the Wel ¬ le SH, for example by means of shrinkage. The sensor track SEN consists in both cases of a different material than the base material of the shaft SH. In the exemplary embodiment, the material Inconell 625 was selected for the sensor track SEN.
Grundsätzlich kann die Sensorspur auch Bestandteil des Wel- lengrundwerkstoffs sein, derart, dass die Sensorspur und die Welle aus einem Stahl bestehen, der eine austenitisch Kristallstruktur aufweist. Die Figur 1 zeigt diese Möglichkeit, wenn sowohl die Sensorspur SEN als auch die Hülse SL nicht gesondert vorgesehen sind sondern der Wirbelstromsensor ECS schlicht gegen die Welle misst. Im Bereich der Sensorspur SEN der Figur 1 kann die Welle SH zu diesem Zweck eine Oberflä- chenbehandlung aufweisen. In principle, the sensor track can also be part of the shaft base material, such that the sensor track and the shaft consist of a steel which has an austenitic crystal structure. FIG. 1 shows this possibility if both the sensor track SEN and the sleeve SL are not are provided separately but the eddy current sensor ECS simply measures against the shaft. In the area of the sensor track SEN of FIG. 1, the shaft SH may have a surface treatment for this purpose.
Die Position POS, gemessen von dem Wirbelstromsensor ECS an der Sensorspur SEN der Welle SH, wird von einer Reglungsein- heit CU aufgenommen. Eine Spannungsversorgung P versorgt die Reglungseinheit CU mit der für den Betrieb der Lagerung BU erforderlichen Energie P. Ein Regler CR der Reglungseinheit CU bestimmt aus der Position POS einen Reglerausgang, der von einem mittels des Reglers angesteuerten Verstärkers AMP verstärkt an das aktive Magnetlager AMB der Lage¬ rung BU übermittelt wird. The position POS, measured by the eddy-current sensor ECS at the sensor track SEN of the shaft SH, is recorded by a control unit CU. A power supply P supplies the control unit CU with the energy P. required for the operation of the storage BU. A controller CR of the control unit CU determines from the position POS a controller output amplified by an amplifier AMP driven by the controller to the active magnetic bearing AMB of the position ¬ BU is transmitted.
Infolge der Erfindung wird der elektrische Rundlauffehler der Messung mittels des Wirbelstromsensors ECS an der Sensor¬ spur SEN reduziert, so dass die Ansteuerung des aktiven Mag¬ netlagers AMB mittels der Reglereinheit CU eine genauere axi- ale und radiale Positionierung des Rotors R zur Folge hat als bisher im Stand der Technik. As a result of the invention, the electrical runout error of the measurement is reduced by means of the eddy current sensor ECS on the sensor ¬ track SEN, so that the activation of the active Mag ¬ netlagers AMB means of the control unit CU a more accurate axi ale and radial positioning of the rotor R result as the result previously in the art.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sensorspur (SEN) für Wirbelstromanwendungen, 1. Sensor track (SEN) for eddy current applications,
wobei die Sensorspur (SEN) aus einem Stahl besteht, der eine austenitisch Kristallstruktur aufweist,  wherein the sensor track (SEN) consists of a steel which has an austenitic crystal structure,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahl mehr als 8 Gew.- % Nickel aufweist.  characterized in that the steel has more than 8% by weight of nickel.
2. Sensorspur (SEN) nach Anspruch 1, 2. Sensor track (SEN) according to claim 1,
wobei der Stahl die Bestandteile in Gew.-% umfasst: wherein the steel comprises the components in% by weight:
AI < 0,4 AI <0.4
C : 0, 03  C: 0, 03
Co < 1  Co <1
Cr : 20  Cr: 20
Cu < 0,5  Cu <0.5
Fe < 5  Fe <5
Mn < 0,5  Mn <0.5
Mo : 8  Mon: 8
Ni < 58  Ni <58
P < 0, 02  P <0, 02
S < 0,015  S <0.015
Si < 0,5  Si <0.5
Ti < 0,4  Ti <0.4
mit Nb + Ta : 3,15 - 4,15  with Nb + Ta: 3.15 - 4.15
und Rest Fe.  and remainder Fe.
3. Sensorspur (SEN) nach Anspruch 1, 3. sensor track (SEN) according to claim 1,
wobei der Stahl als U-Boot-Stahl ausgebildet ist.  wherein the steel is designed as a submarine steel.
4. Sensorspur (SEN) nach Anspruch 3, 4. sensor track (SEN) according to claim 3,
wobei der Stahl die Bestandteile in Gew.-% umfasst: wherein the steel comprises the components in% by weight:
C < 0,030 C <0.030
Cr = 20,00 - 21,50  Cr = 20.00 - 21.50
Mn = 4,00 - 6,00  Mn = 4.00 - 6.00
Mo = 3,00 - 3,50  Mo = 3.00 - 3.50
N: = 0,20 - 0,35  N: = 0.20 - 0.35
Nb < 0,25  Nb <0.25
Ni = 15,00 - 17,00 P < 0, 025 Ni = 15.00 - 17.00 P <0, 025
s < 0,010  s <0.010
Si < 1,00  Si <1.00
Rest Fe .  Rest Fe.
5. Anordnung mit einem Rotor (R) , 5. Arrangement with a rotor (R),
der eine Sensorspur (SEN) nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4 aufweist,  which has a sensor track (SEN) according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 4,
wobei der Rotor (R) eine Welle (SH) umfasst, wobei das Grundmaterial der Welle (SH) ein anderes Material als das Material der Sensorspur (SEN) ist.  wherein the rotor (R) comprises a shaft (SH), wherein the base material of the shaft (SH) is a different material than the material of the sensor track (SEN).
6. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, 6. Arrangement according to claim 5,
wobei auf die Welle (SH) die Sensorspur (SEN)  where on the shaft (SH) the sensor track (SEN)
auftraggeschweißt ist.  order welded.
7. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, 7. Arrangement according to claim 5,
wobei die Sensorspur (SEN) als eine Hülse (SL) ausge¬ bildet ist, die eine Welle (SH) des Rotors (R) in Um- fangsrichtung sich erstreckend umgibt. wherein the sensor track (SEN) as a sleeve (SL) being formed ¬ is a shaft (SH) of the rotor (R) in environmental located circumferential direction extending surrounds.
8. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, 6 oder 7, 8. Arrangement according to claim 5, 6 or 7,
wobei die Anordnung eine Lagerung (BU) mit Magnetlage¬ rung (AMB) umfasst, die eine Regelung (CU) und einen Wirbelstromsensor (ECS) aufweist, wobei der Wirbel¬ stromsensor (ECS) an der Sensorspur (SEN) die radiale und/oder axiale Lage des Rotors (R) erfasst und die Re gelung (CU) mittels dieser Messung die Strom- und Span nungsversorgung regelt. wherein the arrangement comprises a bearing (BU) with Magnetlage ¬ tion (AMB) having a control (CU) and an eddy current sensor (ECS), wherein the vortex ¬ current sensor (ECS) on the sensor track (SEN), the radial and / or Axial position of the rotor (R) detected and the re gelung (CU) by means of this measurement, the power and voltage supply regulated.
PCT/EP2016/080264 2016-01-13 2016-12-08 Sensor track, assembly WO2017121550A1 (en)

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DE4121724A1 (en) * 1991-07-01 1993-01-07 Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg Pulse transducer mfr. method - producing alternating regions of different magnetic properties on component by structural heat treatment
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