WO2017121051A1 - 基于多通道led的对色灯箱 - Google Patents

基于多通道led的对色灯箱 Download PDF

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WO2017121051A1
WO2017121051A1 PCT/CN2016/081157 CN2016081157W WO2017121051A1 WO 2017121051 A1 WO2017121051 A1 WO 2017121051A1 CN 2016081157 W CN2016081157 W CN 2016081157W WO 2017121051 A1 WO2017121051 A1 WO 2017121051A1
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light box
led
color light
channel led
based color
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PCT/CN2016/081157
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王彬宇
何灿栋
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常州千明智能照明科技有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/003—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/32—Pulse-control circuits
    • H05B45/325—Pulse-width modulation [PWM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/357—Driver circuits specially adapted for retrofit LED light sources
    • H05B45/3578—Emulating the electrical or functional characteristics of discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of LED illumination, and particularly relates to a color light box based on multi-channel LED.
  • Standard color light boxes are widely used in textiles, printing and dyeing, printing, plastics, pigments, paints, inks, photography and other color fields.
  • An important indicator is to check the color deviation of the item under the color light box that meets international standards, such as the color difference between the production sample and the target sample.
  • Color light boxes usually provide a variety of light sources, such as the analog international lighting committee standard daylight D50 or D65 light source, store showroom lighting TL84, CWF, U30, horizontal daylight HORIZON, UV lamp UV.
  • Conventional color light boxes usually use ordinary fluorescent lamps as the illumination source. After more than 2000 hours, the brightness of the light source will be significantly reduced, and the lamp needs to be replaced.
  • the spectral power distribution of the light box composed of fluorescent tubes can be fixed, if necessary. The spectral distribution requires an increase in the fluorescent tube of the light box, which is very inconvenient; in addition, the fluorescent lamp requires a long warm-up time when it is used.
  • LED light source has many advantages such as high luminous efficiency, low power consumption, long service life, strong safety and reliability, no stroboscopic and environmental protection. Therefore, it is an irresistible trend to use LED light source instead of fluorescent light source in color light box. Due to the narrow bandwidth and diversity of the LED light source, the spectral power distribution can be adjusted by a variety of different emission wavelengths of LED lamp beads, thereby achieving high quality reproduction of standard daylight D50, D65 and other light sources. Applying LED technology to traditional color light boxes will greatly increase the service life of the light boxes and shorten the warm-up time required for lighting the light boxes.
  • the present invention provides a multi-channel LED-based color light box with high precision and stable output.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
  • the multi-channel LED-based color light box is characterized by: a box body, a user control end, a microcomputer control circuit, a driving circuit, an LED module, an optical system, a heat dissipation module, a power source and a sensor;
  • the brightness of the LEDs at the peak wavelength is emitted and mixed to achieve the purpose of matching any spectral power distribution, thereby realizing the spectral power distribution of the common light source in the analog industry.
  • the multi-channel LED-based color light box is characterized by its simulated standard daylight D50 and D65, its color rendering index CIE Ra is 99, the metamerism index MI can reach AB and AC grades respectively, and the target color temperature difference does not exceed ⁇ 75K;
  • the box body comprises a light source and an observation box.
  • the interior color of the observation box is painted as neutral gray, such as Munsell N5 or Munsell N7 neutral gray, providing a standard illumination observation environment;
  • the user control terminal comprises one or more combined control modes of computer control software, mobile phone application software, a controller and a physical button, and communicates with the microcomputer control circuit through a wireless or wired manner;
  • the microcomputer control circuit internally comprises a single-chip microcomputer and a storage unit having a certain processing capability, and can receive the command of the user control end and the signal transmitted by the sensor for parsing and processing; and is responsible for communicating with the user control terminal and the driving circuit;
  • the driving circuit receives the command of the microcomputer control circuit, and adjusts the brightness of each LED in the LED module by a combination of amplitude modulation (AM), pulse width modulation (PWM) or two modulation modes;
  • AM amplitude modulation
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the LED module is a combination of LEDs with different peak wavelengths, and the package form includes a single lamp bead or COB;
  • the optical system is a diffusion plate or an optical lens or a combination of a diffusion plate and an optical lens, and the optical system is placed in front of the light source to make the light mixing more uniform;
  • the heat dissipation module is a combination of an active heat dissipation mode or a passive heat dissipation mode or an active and passive heat dissipation mode;
  • the sensor is one or a combination of temperature, luminosity, chromaticity, and spectral sensors.
  • the sensor is connected to the microcomputer control circuit or the user control terminal, and the corresponding parameters are monitored in real time, and fed back to the microcomputer control circuit or the user control terminal. .
  • the multi-channel LED-based color light box achieves the purpose of matching any spectral power distribution by adjusting the brightness of each of the peak wavelength LEDs in the LED module and mixing the light, thereby realizing high-precision simulation of common light sources in the industry.
  • the standard daylight D50 and D65 for color light box simulation based on the present invention can achieve the following performances, the color rendering index CIE Ra is 99, the metamerism index MI can reach AB and AC levels, respectively, and the color temperature difference does not exceed ⁇ 75K; Take care of no warm-up time, long life, no stroboscopic, one device to simulate multiple light sources at the same time, energy saving, etc.
  • 1 is an effect diagram of a color light box based on a multi-channel LED in an embodiment
  • 2 is a light source portion of a color light box based on a multi-channel LED in an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a computer control software interface diagram of a multi-channel LED based color light box in the embodiment
  • Figure 5 is an external spectral sensor X-Rite i1Pro2 in the embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a spectral power distribution of a color light box simulation standard daylight D50 based on a multi-channel LED in an embodiment
  • Figure 8 is an optical quality parameter for a standard light daylight D50 and D65 based on multi-channel LEDs in an embodiment.
  • Multi-channel LED-based color light box including box (light source 13 and observation box 17), user control terminal (control panel 1 and wireless remote controller 18), microcomputer control circuit 2, drive circuit 3, LED module 7, optical System (diffusion plate 16), heat dissipation module (air inlet 14, dust cover 5 and 8, fan 9, aluminum radiator 6 and fixed bracket 10), power supply (power adapter 12, power interface 11 and power switch 4) and Sensor (built-in temperature sensor and external spectrum sensor X-Rite i1Pro2 spectroradiometer); USB port 15 is connected to microcomputer control circuit 2 via USB extension cable;
  • the box body in the embodiment includes two parts of the light source 13 and the observation box 17, and the color of the interior of the observation box 17 is sprayed as Munsell N7 neutral ash;
  • the user control terminal in the embodiment is a computer control software, a control panel 1 and a wireless remote controller 18; the computer control software interface is shown in FIG. 3, and the computer and the microcomputer control circuit 2 are connected and communicated through the USB port 15; the control panel 1 includes an entity.
  • the button can switch the light source, and the display screen displays the light source information, and is electrically connected to the microcomputer control circuit 2; the wireless controller 18 includes a physical button to switch the light source;
  • the microcomputer control circuit 2 in the embodiment includes a single-chip microcomputer and a storage unit having a certain processing capability, can receive the command of the user control terminal, and analyze and process the same, and send a command to the driving circuit 3, and store the LED formula in the storage unit, the microcomputer
  • the control circuit 2 is electrically connected to the drive circuit 3;
  • the driving circuit 3 receives the command of the microcomputer control circuit 2, and adjusts the brightness of each LED in the LED module 7 by combining amplitude modulation (AM) and pulse width modulation (PWM), the driving circuit 3 and the LED mode.
  • Group 7 is electrically connected;
  • the LED module 7 in the embodiment is 14 kinds of LED lamp bead combinations with different peak wavelengths, and the spectral power distributions thereof are shown in FIG. 4;
  • the optical system in the embodiment is a diffuser plate 16 placed in front of the LED light source to make the light mixing more uniform;
  • the heat dissipation module of the embodiment is a combination of active and passive heat dissipation modes, wherein the active heat dissipation comprises a fan 9 and an air inlet 14 , and the passive heat dissipation is a fixed bracket 10 and an aluminum heat sink 6;
  • the power adapter 12 in the embodiment is electrically connected to the driving circuit 3, the microcomputer control circuit 2, the power interface 11 and the power switch 4, and the power switch 4 controls the overall power supply;
  • the sensor in the embodiment is a temperature and a spectrum sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the microcomputer control circuit 2, placed in the light source 13, and monitors the temperature of the cavity of the light source 13. When the temperature exceeds 60 ° C, a warning signal is transmitted to the microcomputer.
  • the control circuit 2 at the same time, the microcomputer control circuit 2 cuts off the power; the external spectrum sensor X-Rite i1Pro2, see Fig. 5, communicates with the computer control software via the USB cable, is placed in the observation box 17, and measures the spectral power distribution of the light source, and Transfer measurement data to computer control software.
  • Analog Daylight D50 The D50 standard light source is recognized by the world printing industry as the standard color temperature.
  • the standard daylight D50 is reproduced by using the color light box in the embodiment, and the spectral power distribution of the reproduced light is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the light quality parameter is shown in Fig. 8.
  • the measured color temperature is 5015K, and the color rendering index CIE Ra is 99.5.
  • the metamerism index For the AB grade it fully meets the lighting requirements of color sample observation, providing a better standard for quality control in the printing industry.
  • Simulated daylight D65 At present, the illumination source of the color sample color observation is generally standard daylight D65.
  • the spectral power distribution of the standard daylight D65 is reproduced by using the color light box in the embodiment. See Fig. 7, the light quality parameter is shown in Fig. 8, and the measured color temperature is 6486K, the color rendering index CIE Ra is 99.5, and the metamerism index is AC grade, which fully meets the lighting requirements of color sample observation.
  • the color light box in the embodiment can also reproduce the spectral radiation power distribution of other various standard light sources or black body radiation tracks with high quality.

Abstract

一种基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，通过调节LED模组中各出射峰值波长的LED的亮度并进行混光达到匹配任一光谱功率分布的目的，从而实现高精度模拟工业界常用光源的光谱功率分布。该对色灯箱模拟的标准日光D50和D65可以达到以下性能，显色指数CIE Ra均为99，同色异谱指数MI分别可达到AB和AC等级，色温差异不超过±75K；同时还兼顾无预热时间、寿命长、无频闪、一台设备同时模拟多种光源、节能等优点。

Description

基于多通道LED的对色灯箱 技术领域
本发明属于LED照明领域，特别涉及基于多通道LED的对色灯箱。
背景技术
标准对色灯箱广泛应用在纺织品、印染、印刷、塑胶、颜料、油漆、油墨、摄影等颜色领域，对一些要求高的商品，特别是出口产品，品牌商对颜色的一致性要求非常高，有一项重要的指标就是要在符合国际标准的对色灯箱下检查物品的颜色偏差，如生产样品与目标样品的色差。
对色灯箱通常提供多种光源，如模拟国际照明委员会标准日光D50或D65的光源，商店展示厅灯光的TL84、CWF、U30，水平日光HORIZON、紫外灯管UV等。传统的对色灯箱通常采用普通的荧光灯作为照明光源，在使用超过2000小时之后，光源亮度就会明显降低，就需要更换灯管；荧光灯管组成的灯箱可实现的光谱功率分布固定，如若需要其他光谱分布，则需要增加灯箱的荧光灯管，十分不便；此外，荧光灯在使用时需要较长的预热时间。
LED光源具有发光效率高、耗电量少、使用寿命长、安全可靠性强、无频闪和有利于环保等诸多优点，因此采用LED光源替代对色灯箱中的荧光灯光源是大势所趋。由于LED光源的光谱窄带性和多样性，因此通过多种不同出射波长的LED灯珠发光混光达到光谱功率分布的可调，从而实现高质量复现标准日光D50、D65和其他光源。将LED技术应用于传统的对色灯箱，将大大提高灯箱的使用寿命，缩短灯箱照明所需的预热时间。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中所提出的问题，本发明提供了一种精度高、输出稳定的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱。本发明采用的技术方案如下：
基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，其特征在于：包括箱体、用户控制端、微电脑控制电路、驱动电路、LED模组、光学系统、散热模组、电源和传感器；通过调节LED模组中各出射峰值波长的LED的亮度并进行混光达到匹配任一光谱功率分布的目的，从而实现模拟工业界常用光源的光谱功率分布。
基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，其特征在于其模拟的标准日光D50和D65，其显色指数CIE Ra均为99，同色异谱指数MI分别可达到AB和AC等级，目标色温差异不超过±75K；
所述的箱体包括光源和观察箱两部分，观察箱内部颜色喷涂为中性灰，如Munsell N5或Munsell N7中性灰色，提供一个标准的照明观察环境；
所述的用户控制端包括电脑控制软件、手机应用软件、控制器和实体按键中的一种或多种组合控制方式，通过无线或有线的方式与微电脑控制电路通讯；
所述的微电脑控制电路内部包含具有一定处理运算能力的单片机及存储单元，可以接收用户控制端的命令和传感器传输过来信号并进行解析和处理；同时负责与用户控制端和驱动电路通讯；
所述的驱动电路接收微电脑控制电路的命令，通过幅度调制(AM)、脉冲宽度调制(PWM)或两种调制方式的组合来调节LED模组中每种LED的亮度；
所述的LED模组为多种不同出射峰值波长的LED组合，封装形式包括单颗灯珠或COB；
所述的光学系统为扩散板或光学透镜或扩散板和光学透镜的组合，光学系统置于光源前方，使混光更为均匀；
所述的散热模组为主动散热模式或被动散热模式或主动与被动散热模式的组合；
所述的传感器为温度、光度、色度、光谱传感器中的一种或几种组合，传感器与微电脑控制电路或用户控制端相连，实时监测对应的参数，并反馈给微电脑控制电路或用户控制端。
综上所述，基于多通道LED的对色灯箱通过调节LED模组中各出射峰值波长的LED的亮度并进行混光达到匹配任一光谱功率分布的目的，从而实现高精度模拟工业界常用光源的光谱功率分布。基于本发明的对色灯箱模拟的标准日光D50和D65可以达到以下性能，显色指数CIE Ra均为99，同色异谱指数MI分别可达到AB和AC等级，色温差异不超过±75K；同时还兼顾无预热时间、寿命长、无频闪、一台设备同时模拟多种光源、节能等优点
附图说明
图1是实施例中基于多通道LED的对色灯箱的效果图；
图2是实施例中基于多通道LED的对色灯箱的光源部分；
图3是实施例中基于多通道LED的对色灯箱的电脑控制软件界面图；
图4是实施例中基于多通道LED的对色灯箱的LED模组中LED灯珠的出射光谱功率分布；
图5是实施例中外置光谱传感器X-Rite i1Pro2；
图6是实施例中基于多通道LED的对色灯箱模拟标准日光D50的光谱功率分布；
图7是实施例中基于多通道LED的对色灯箱模拟标准日光D65的光谱功率分布；
图8是实施例中基于多通道LED的对色灯箱模拟标准日光D50和D65的光品质参数。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，如图1和图2所示：
基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，包括箱体(光源13和观察箱17)、用户控制端(控制面板1和无线遥控器18)、微电脑控制电路2、驱动电路3、LED模组7、光学系统(扩散板16)、散热模组(进风口14、挡尘罩5和8、风扇9、铝散热器6和固定支架10)、电源(电源适配器12、电源接口11和电源开关4)和传感器(内置温度传感器和外置光谱传感器X-Rite i1Pro2分光辐射度计)；USB口15通过USB延长线与微电脑控制电路2相连；
实施例中的箱体包括光源13和观察箱17两部分，观察箱17内部颜色喷涂为Munsell N7中性灰；
实施例中的用户控制端为电脑控制软件、控制面板1和无线遥控器18；电脑控制软件界面见图3，通过USB口15实现电脑与微电脑控制电路2相连并进行通讯；控制面板1包含实体按键可切换光源，以及显示屏显示光源信息，与微电脑控制电路2电气相连；无线控制器18包含实体按键可切换光源；
实施例中的微电脑控制电路2内部包含具有一定处理运算能力的单片机及存储单元，可以接收用户控制端的命令和并进行解析和处理，并发送命令给驱动电路3，存储单元中存储LED配方，微电脑控制电路2与驱动电路3电气相连；
实施例中驱动电路3接收微电脑控制电路2的命令，通过幅度调制(AM)和脉冲宽度调制(PWM)相结合的方式来调节LED模组7中每种LED的亮度，驱动电路3与LED模组7电气相连；
实施例中的LED模组7为14种不同出射峰值波长的LED灯珠组合，其各光谱功率分布见图4；
实施例中的光学系统为扩散板16，置于LED光源前方，使混光更为均匀；
实施例散热模组为主动与被动散热模式的组合，其中主动散热包括风扇9和进风口14，被动散热为固定支架10和铝散热器6；
实施例中的电源适配器12与驱动电路3、微电脑控制电路2、电源接口11和电源开关4电气相连，电源开关4控制整体供电；
实施例中的传感器为温度和光谱传感器两种，其中温度传感器与微电脑控制电路2电气相连，置于光源13内，监控光源13内腔温度，当温度超过60℃时，将传警告信号给微电脑控制电路2，同时微电脑控制电路2切断电源；外置光谱传感器X-Rite i1Pro2，见图5，与电脑控制软件通过USB线连接通讯，置于观察箱17内，测量光源的光谱功率分布，并将测量数据传给电脑控制软件。
模拟日光D50：D50标准光源被世界印刷业公认为标准色温。采用实施例中的对色灯箱复现标准日光D50，其复现的光谱功率分布见图6，其光品质参数见图8，实测色温为5015K，显色指数CIE Ra为99.5，同色异谱指数为AB级，完全满足色样观察的照明需求，为印刷业的质量控制提供了更为优良的标准。
模拟日光D65：目前色样颜色观察的照明光源一般为标准日光D65，采用实施例中的对色灯箱复现标准日光D65的光谱功率分布见图7，其光品质参数见图8，实测色温为6486K，显色指数CIE Ra为99.5，同色异谱指数为AC级，完全满足色样观察的照明需求。
同理，实施例中的对色灯箱也可高品质复现其他多种标准光源或黑体辐射轨迹光谱辐射功率分布。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了具体说明，但本发明并不局限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明创造精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同的变型或替换，这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，其特征在于：包括箱体、用户控制端、微电脑控制电路、驱动电路、LED模组、光学系统、散热模组、电源和传感器；通过调节LED模组中各出射峰值波长的LED的亮度并进行混光达到匹配任一光谱功率分布的目的。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，其特征在于其模拟的标准日光D50和D65，其显色指数CIE Ra达到99，同色异谱指数MI分别达到AB和AC等级，目标色温差异不超过±75K。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，所述的箱体包括光源和观察箱两部分，观察箱内部颜色喷涂为中性灰，提供一个标准的照明观察环境。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，所述的用户控制端包括电脑控制软件、手机应用软件、控制器和实体按键中的一种或多种组合控制方式，通过无线或有线的方式与微电脑控制电路通讯。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，所述的微电脑控制电路内部包含具有一定处理运算能力的单片机及存储单元，可以接收用户控制端的命令和传感器传输过来信号并进行解析和处理；同时负责与用户控制端和驱动电路通讯。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，所述的驱动电路接收微电脑控制电路的命令，通过幅度调制(AM)、脉冲宽度调制(PWM)或两种调制方式的组合来调节LED模组中每种LED的亮度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，所述的LED模组为多种不同出射峰值波长的LED组合，封装形式包括单颗灯珠或COB。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，所述的光学系统为扩散板或光学透镜或扩散板和光学透镜的组合，光学系统置于光源前方，使混光更为均匀。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，所述的散热模组为主动散热模式或被动散热模式或主动与被动散热模式的组合。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多通道LED的对色灯箱，所述的传感器为温度、光度、色度、光谱传感器中的一种或几种组合，传感器与微电脑控制电路或用户控制端相连，实时监测对应的参数，并反馈给微电脑控制电路或用户控制端。
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