WO2017113162A1 - Procédé d'injection d'oxydant et de combustible solide particulaire propulsés par un fluide, et injecteur associé - Google Patents

Procédé d'injection d'oxydant et de combustible solide particulaire propulsés par un fluide, et injecteur associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017113162A1
WO2017113162A1 PCT/CN2015/099810 CN2015099810W WO2017113162A1 WO 2017113162 A1 WO2017113162 A1 WO 2017113162A1 CN 2015099810 W CN2015099810 W CN 2015099810W WO 2017113162 A1 WO2017113162 A1 WO 2017113162A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxidant
fuel
jets
contour
injection
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PCT/CN2015/099810
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English (en)
Inventor
Ben Liu
Remi Tsiava
Xiaobing PAN
Zhijun Zhou
Original Assignee
L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority to PCT/CN2015/099810 priority Critical patent/WO2017113162A1/fr
Priority to CN201580085789.8A priority patent/CN108700287B/zh
Publication of WO2017113162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017113162A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/10—Nozzle tips
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the combustion of fluid-propelled particulate solid fuel in a combustion chamber, for example in order to heat said combustion chamber or in order to heat a charge present in said combustion chamber.
  • Different types of fuel are burnt in industrial combustion processes, such as for example used in glass-melting furnaces.
  • quality gaseous fuels such as natural gas and shale gas
  • natural gas and shale gas are often the preferred type of fuel, in particular as they are easy to transport, inject, dose and combust.
  • an injector enabling a high degree of pulverized solid fuel combustion in a relatively compact flame may also be desirable for other industrial combustion installations and processes not originally designed for gaseous fuels, including for new industrial solid-fuel combustion installations to be constructed.
  • CN-A-101709876 describes a premix or semi-premix burner for burning gas-propelled petcoke powder.
  • the burner comprises a hollow inner tube for transporting and injecting gas-propelled petcoke powder and a surrounding narrow annular channel for air (used as gaseous combustion oxidant) between the inner tube and an outer tube.
  • the inner tube terminates in a nozzle and the outer tube terminates in a tapered cap. The terminal end of the tapered cap defines the terminal injection opening of the burner.
  • CN-A-101709876 more specifically discloses such a burner whereby the outer surface of the inner nozzle is provided with a large number of ribs which define a ring of evenly distributed air injection passages with a rectangular cross section between the inner nozzle and the tapered cap. The air injected through said rectangular air passages contacts the gas-propelled petcoke powder and mixes therewith upstream of the terminal injection opening of the burner.
  • CN-A-101709876 also mentions the use of said burner for burning petcoke powder in a glass-melting furnace.
  • this may be useful for certain applications, in other applications, in particular high-temperature applications, this may lead to overheating of the burner tip causing rapid failure of the burner.
  • a fuel-and-oxidant injector whereby the oxidant contacts the fluid-propelled particulate solid fuel downstream of the injector, i.e. inside the combustion chamber of the installation.
  • injectors are generally referred to as “post-mix” injectors, but may also be referred to as “non-premix” injectors.
  • the fluid-propelled particulate solid fuel is typically supplied via an inner tube of the injector and the oxidant via an outer channel of the injector.
  • the above phenomenon may result in (a) an excessively long flame, (b) incomplete combustion of the particulate fuel, and (c) if part of the particulate fuel precipitates from the entrainment fluid under the effect of gravity before it is mixed and burnt with the oxidant, deposits of unburnt or partially burnt fuel and ash inside the combustion chamber or onto/into the charge present in the combustion chamber.
  • this aim is achieved by increasing the portion of the oxidant issued from the outer passage of a post-mix injector which effectively mixes with the fluid-propelled particulate fuel at and immediately downstream of the distance from the injector where said oxidant from the outer passage first impacts the fluid-propelled fuel jet.
  • the present invention relates more specifically to a method and an mix injector enabling the above, as well as industrial processes in which said method is used and industrial installations equipped with the injector.
  • the present invention relates more specifically to a method of injecting a fluid-propelled particulate solid fuel and an oxidant into a combustion chamber.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • first contour a first two-dimensional geometric contour
  • fast oxidant jets n 1 first jets of oxidant
  • said fast oxidant jets being injected into the combustion chamber via n 1 first injection openings, said fast oxidant jets being injected with a first oxidant injection velocity v O1 , called “high oxidant velocity” , the number n 1 of first injection openings being equal to or greater than 3;
  • slow oxidant jets n 2 second jets of oxidant
  • said slow oxidant jets being injected into the combustion chamber via n 2 second injection openings
  • said slow oxidant jets being injected with a second oxidant injection velocity v O2 , called “low oxidant velocity”
  • the number n 2 of second injection openings being likewise equal to or greater than 3.
  • the first contour is typically circular when a flame with a circular cross-section is desired and elongated when a “flat flame” is desired, i.e. a flame with an elongated cross section perpendicular to the propagation direction of the flame.
  • each one of said n 1 first oxidant injection openings and each one of said n 2 second oxidant injection openings intersects a second contour.
  • Said second contour which corresponds to a closed curve connecting the n 1 + n 2 oxidant injection openings either in clockwise or in counterclockwise direction, surrounds the first contour and is spaced from the first contour.
  • the second contour surrounds the outer circumference of the fuel injection opening, while being spaced apart from the fuel injection opening and its outer circumference.
  • the succession of the first and second oxidant injection openings along the second contour is such that at most three (3) second oxidant injection openings are positioned between two successive first oxidant injection openings.
  • the high oxidant injection velocities v O1 and the low oxidant injection velocities v O2 are furthermore such that the lowest of the high oxidant velocities v O1 is greater than or equal to 1.25 times the highest of the low oxidant velocities v O2 .
  • At most two slow oxidant jets of the n 2 slow oxidant jets are injected along the second contour between two successive fast oxidant jets of the n 1 fast oxidant jets, more preferably at most one (i.e. one or zero) of the n 2 slow oxidant jets is located between every two successive fast oxidant jets of the n 1 fast oxidant jets along the second contour.
  • jet In the present context, the terms “jet” , “stream” and “flow” are used as synonyms.
  • pulverized and “particulate” are used as synonyms. Consequently, unless otherwise indicated, the expression “pulverized fuel” is used to mean “particulate fuel” without restriction as to how said particulate fuel was obtained or manufactured.
  • two oxidant jets or two oxidant injection openings are said to be “adjacent” when they immediately succeed one another along the second contour.
  • adjacent fast and slow oxidant jets can be injected so as to impact the fuel jet at substantially the same distance from the fuel injection opening (measured in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the fuel injection opening) .
  • adjacent fast and slow oxidant jets may also be injected so that one or more and possibly all of the fast oxidant jets impact the fuel jet immediately upstream of an adjacent slow oxidant jet.
  • the remaining fast oxidant jets impact the fuel stream at substantially the same distance from the fuel injection opening as an adjacent slow oxidant jet.
  • the position of an oxidant injection opening with respect to the fuel injection opening determines the distance from the fuel injection opening at which the corresponding oxidant jet (i.e. the oxidant jet injected through said oxidant injection opening) impacts the fuel jet.
  • the distance from the fuel injection opening at which an oxidant jet impacts the fuel jet is determined by the position of the corresponding oxidant injection opening with respect to the fuel injection opening and also the injection direction of the oxidant jet with respect to the injection direction of the fuel jet (for example towards the fuel jet or away from the fuel jet) .
  • an oxidant jet can impact the fuel jet even if the oxidant jet is injected in a direction parallel to the fuel jet or in a direction inclined somewhat away from the injection direction of the fuel jet.
  • the method according to the present invention can improve mixing between the fuel and the oxidant without use of such devices, as will become apparent hereafter in the description of the fuel-and-oxidant injector according to the present invention.
  • the lowest of the high oxidant velocities v O1 is advantageously greater than or equal to 1.30 times the highest of the low oxidant velocities v O2 , preferably greater than or equal to 1.50 times the highest of the low oxidant velocities v O2. .
  • the high oxidant velocity v O1 of each of the n 1 fast oxidant jets is the same (in which case said velocity is also equal to the lowest of the high oxidant velocities v O1 mentioned above) .
  • all of the n 1 fast oxidant jets are injected with the same high oxidant velocity v O1 and all of the n 2 slow oxidant jets are injected with the same low oxidant velocity v O2 , whereby said high oxidant velocity v O1 is at least 1.25 times said low oxidant velocity v O2 , preferably at least 1.30 times and more preferably at least 1.50 times.
  • the degree of fuel combustion can further be increased when the fuel injection velocity v f , with which the fluid-propelled particulate solid fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, is smaller than the high oxidant velocity v O1 of each one of the n 1 fast oxidant jets and even more so when the fuel injection velocity v f is smaller than or equal to the low oxidant velocity v O2 of each one of the n 2 slow oxidant jets.
  • the number n 1 of fast oxidant jets is identical to the number n 2 of slow oxidant jets.
  • fast and slow oxidant jets may alternate along the second contour (i.e. with one fast oxidant jet being injected between every two successive slow oxidant jets along the second contour and one slow oxidant jet being injected between every two successive fast oxidant jets along said second contour) .
  • the second contour is isomorphic or substantially isomorphic which the first contour defined by the fuel injection opening.
  • the first and second contour may both be circular or substantially circular.
  • the first and second contour are preferably also concentric or substantially concentric.
  • the lateral distance between the first and second contour is constant or substantially constant.
  • the fluid-propelled particulate solid fuel is preferably gas-propelled particulate solid fuel.
  • the particulate solid fuel is more preferably propelled by air, oxygen-enriched air, recycled flue gas or a combination of recycled flue gas with air or with oxygen-enriched air.
  • the method according to the present invention is suitable for any type of particulate solid fuel, including, for example, particulate solid biomass.
  • Preferred solid fuels are coal and petcoke.
  • the first and/or second oxidant jets are advantageously jets of an oxidant with an oxygen content of between 50%vol and 100%vol, preferably of at least 80%vol, more preferably of at least 90%vol.
  • more than 50% of the oxygen injected into the combustion zone by means of the fast and slow oxidant jets is injected below the geometric center of the first contour.
  • most of the oxygen injected via the fast and slow oxidant jets is injected into the combustion zone below the geometric center of the fuel injection opening.
  • Such an embodiment can be particularly useful for a number of applications.
  • the combustion zone contains a charge to be heated which is located below the particulate-solid-fuel flame, it makes it possible to draw the flame towards the charge for more efficient heating.
  • this embodiment provides a more efficient use of the oxidant injected via the fast and slow oxidant jets, in particular when the said jets are jets of oxygen-rich oxidant, i.e. jets of an oxidant having a higher oxygen content than that of air.
  • n 2 slow oxidant jets are injected below the center of the fuel injection opening, preferably a majority of the n 2 slow oxidant jets. This embodiment is again of particular interest when the injector is located below an air port.
  • the method according to the present invention can be used in a wide range of industrial combustion installations.
  • the method is, for example, particularly adapted for use in a combustion chamber of a reverberatory furnace.
  • the combustion chamber may be a melting chamber, and in particular a glass-melting chamber.
  • the combustion chamber may be a side-fired chamber or an end-fired chamber, the method being particularly suited for use in end-fired combustion chambers, as for example known in the field of glass-melting.
  • combustion chamber equipped with a combustion air port injecting air into said combustion chamber.
  • combustion chambers are, for example, glass-melting furnaces equipped with regenerators or recuperators for preheating combustion air injected via one or more air ports.
  • the fluid-propelled particulate solid fuel and the fast and slow oxidant jets are advantageously injected through injection openings located within or adjacent said combustion air port, preferably underneath said combustion air port.
  • the fluid-propelled particulate solid fuel and the fast and slow oxidant jets are injected through injection openings located adjacent an air port, it may be advantageous to inject at least one of the fast or slow oxidant jets between the combustion air port and the geometric center of the first contour, i.e. between, the combustion air port and the geometric center of the fuel injection opening.
  • a majority of the oxidant jets injected between the combustion air port and the geometric center of the first contour are preferably fast oxidant jets in order to promote rapid mixing of the air injected via the air port with the particulate solid fuel jet and/or flame.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for injecting pulverized solid fuel and oxidant into a combustion zone which is suitable for use in the method according to the invention and to the use of such a device for combusting particulate solid fuel in the combustion zone of an industrial installation.
  • the present invention more specifically proposes a fuel-and-oxidant injector comprising a first conduit defining a fuel passage therewithin for supplying fluid-propelled pulverized or particulate solid fuel and a second conduit surrounding the first conduit and laterally spaced therefrom, an oxidant passage being thus defined between said first and second conduits.
  • the fuel passage terminates in a fuel injection opening.
  • the outer circumference of said fuel injection opening defines a first two-dimensional geometric contour.
  • said first contour is typically circular when a flame with a circular cross-section is desired and elongated when a “flat flame” is desired.
  • the oxidant passage terminates in a flange which surrounds the fuel injection opening and which extends from the first to the second conduit.
  • the flange presents a multitude of perforations positioned along a second two-dimensional contour.
  • This second contour which corresponds to a closed curve, connects the multitude of perforations either in clockwise direction or in counterclockwise direction.
  • the second contour surrounds the first contour while being spaced apart therefrom.
  • Each one of said multitude of perforations defines an oxidant injection opening in the flange in fluid communication with the oxidant supply passage.
  • the corresponding multitude of oxidant injection openings are thus positioned around the fuel injection opening along the second contour.
  • the multitude of perforations in the flange comprises n1 smaller perforations, called “first perforations” and n2 larger perforations, called “second perforations” , with n1 and n2 each being greater than or equal to 3.
  • Each first perforation defines a first oxidant injection opening having a first injection cross-section area S1
  • each second perforation defines a second oxidant injection opening having a second injection cross-section area S2.
  • the cross-section area of the larger, i.e. second perforations is greater than the cross-section area of the smaller, i.e. first perforations.
  • the cross-section area of the smallest of the n2 second oxidant injection openings is at least 1, 12 times the cross-section area of the largest of the n1 first injection openings, preferably at least 1, 5 times and advantageously not more than 58 times.
  • the succession of the oxidant injection openings along the second contour is furthermore such that at most three of the (larger) second oxidant injection openings are positioned between two successive (smaller) first oxidant injection openings, preferably at most two and more preferably at most one (i.e. one or zero) of the second oxidant injection openings being positioned between two successive first oxidant injection openings along the second contour.
  • the injector is thus a post-mix injector as discussed above.
  • the first and second oxidant injection openings are preferably positioned with respect to one another and with respect to the fuel injection opening, so that streams of oxidant injected through adjacent first and second oxidant injection openings impact a fuel stream injected through the fuel injection opening so that the oxidant stream injected through the first oxidant injection opening, i.e. the fast-oxidant stream, impacts the fuel stream at a distance from the fuel injection opening which is the same or immediately before the distance from the fuel injection opening at which the adjacent oxidant stream from the second oxidant injection opening, i.e. the slow oxidant stream, impacts said fuel stream.
  • oxidant injection openings With the configuration of oxidant injection openings in accordance with the present invention the amount of oxidant which effectively penetrates the fuel stream at the point of impact between the fuel and oxidant streams is increased, thereby increasing the degree of fuel combustion at the early stages of the flame.
  • the use of a combination of smaller and larger oxidant injection openings as described above generates oxidant streams of different velocity whereby the impact of the higher- velocity oxidant jets (or fast oxidant jets) issued from the smaller first oxidant injection openings destabilize the surface of the fuel stream and thus allow a greater portion of the oxidant from the lower-velocity oxidant jets (or slow oxidant jets) issued from the larger second oxidant injection openings to mix with the fuel at the point of impact between the fuel jet and the lower velocity oxidant jet.
  • the present invention thus provides a fuel-and-oxidant injector for improved particulate solid fuel combustion which is particularly simple, reliable, robust, suitable for high-temperature environments and easy to operate.
  • the second contour is isomorphic or substantially isomorphic with the first contour.
  • the second contour corresponds to an enlarged projection onto the flange of the outer circumference of the fuel injection opening.
  • the first and second contours are preferably concentric or substantially concentric. In that case, the lateral distance between the first and second contours is constant or substantially constant.
  • the first and second contours are typically circular or substantially circular. However, as mentioned above, the first and second contours may have other shapes depending, in particular, on the cross-section of the flame to be obtained.
  • the oxidant injection openings typically are also circular or substantially circular, although these too may have another shape.
  • all the first perforations are identical (in which case all of the first oxidant injection openings are also identical) and/or all of the second perforations are identical (in which case all of the second oxidant injection openings are likewise identical) .
  • all perforations in the flange are either (smaller) first oxidant injection openings or (larger) second oxidant injection openings located on the second contour.
  • some embodiments of the injector may present additional oxidant injection openings in the flange which are neither first nor second oxidant injection openings, for example an oxidant injection opening not located on the second contour and/or an oxidant injection opening with an injection cross section area A which does not satisfy the criteria for the injection cross section area S1 of the first oxidant injection openings nor for the cross section area S2 of the second oxidant injection openings.
  • first and second perforations will be evenly distributed around the fuel injection opening.
  • first and second perforations may be located below and above the fuel injection opening, as opposed to on the left and on the right of the fuel injection opening.
  • more (first and/or second) oxidant injection openings may be positioned below the fuel injection opening or the (first and/or second) oxidant injection openings below the fuel injection opening may be positioned closer to one another than the other oxidant injection openings on the second contour, in order to prevent early precipitation of the unburnt or partially burnt fuel particles from the fuel stream/flame, i.e. so as to delay precipitation of said particles.
  • the total number (n1 +n2) of first and second perforations depends in practice on the process in which the injector is to be used and on the furnace configuration.
  • the number n1 of (smaller) first oxidant injection openings is equal to the number n2 of (larger) second oxidant injection openings.
  • first and second perforations may however be useful.
  • more of the (larger) second oxidant injection openings may be positioned below the fuel injection opening than above so as to inject more oxidant below the fuel stream and thereby to delay precipitation of the unburnt or partially burnt fuel particles.
  • both the first and the second perforations may comprise an upstream and a downstream section as described above.
  • the fuel-and-oxidant injector is preferably operated with an oxygen-rich oxidant, i.e. an oxidant having an oxygen content higher than that of air.
  • the oxidant passage of the injector is fluidly connected to a source of such an oxygen-rich oxidant, the oxidant having for example an oxygen content of between 50%vol and 100%vol, preferably of at least 80%vol and more preferably of at least 90%vol.
  • the oxidant source can notably be an Air Separation Unit (ASU) , a pipeline for transporting oxygen-rich oxidant or a reservoir of liquefied oxygen-rich oxidant.
  • ASU Air Separation Unit
  • the fuel passage of the fuel-and-oxidant injector is fluidly connected to a source of fluid-propelled pulverized fuel, preferably fluid-propelled pulverized coal or fluid-propelled pulverized petcoke.
  • a source of fluid-propelled pulverized fuel preferably fluid-propelled pulverized coal or fluid-propelled pulverized petcoke.
  • Devices for generating a stream of fluid-propelled pulverized solid fuel are well known in the art.
  • the fluid entraining the pulverized solid fuel may be a liquid or a gas.
  • the fluid-propelled pulverized solid fuel is pulverized solid fuel propelled by a gas, the gas being preferably air, oxygen-enriched air, recycled flue gas or a combination of recycled flue gas with air or with oxygen-rich oxidant.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the fuel-and-oxidant injector for injecting pulverized solid fuel and oxidant into a combustion chamber.
  • the invention thus also covers a method of injecting a pulverized solid fuel into a combustion chamber using any one of the above described embodiments of the fuel-and-oxidant injector whereby, on the one hand, fluid-propelled pulverized solid fuel is injected into the combustion chamber through the fuel injection opening and, on the other hand, oxidant is injected into the combustion chamber through the oxidant injection openings.
  • the thus injected fuel and oxidant streams impact, causing the fuel to ignite and burn with the oxidant.
  • the oxidant is preferably an oxygen-rich oxidant and the fuel is preferably a gas-propelled pulverized solid fuel; the pulverized solid fuel itself being preferably pulverized coal or petcoke.
  • the latter method is particularly useful for use in the combustion chamber of a glass-melting furnace.
  • the invention also relates to furnaces comprising a combustion chamber equipped with at least one fuel-and-oxidant injector according to any one of the embodiments described above.
  • a furnace according to the present convention thus comprises a combustion chamber having at least one fuel-and-oxidant injector as described above which is installed so that the fuel injection opening and the first and second oxidant injection openings face the inside of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with additional oxygen supply devices for supplying additional oxygen for combusting the pulverized solid fuel within the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber may have an air port in one of its walls for supplying oxygen-containing combustion air to the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel-and-oxidant injector is preferably positioned within the air port or adjacent the air port in the wall of the combustion chamber comprising said air port.
  • the fuel-and-oxidant injector may thus be a through-port injector or an under-port injector.
  • the injector may also be positioned between two adjacent air ports, etc.
  • said injector can easily be integrated at different locations within an air port or within the combustion chamber.
  • the injector may in particular be integrated in a refractory block which is itself integrated into the combustion chamber.
  • the simple structure of the fuel-and-oxidant injector of the invention and the simple method of operating same also provide the additional benefit of not requiring complex injector control equipment and protocols.
  • the simple structure of the injector also makes it straightforward to equip the injector with a cooling mantle surrounding the oxidant supply passage.
  • a cooling fluid is then circulated within the cooling mantle so as to protect the first and second conduit, and in particular the flange, against overheating.
  • the furnace according to the present invention may also comprise at least one recuperator or regenerator for preheating the combustion air supplied by the air port with heat from flue gas evacuated from the combustion chamber.
  • the furnace may in particular be an alternating furnace.
  • Such furnaces are well known in the art.
  • one side of the furnace is the firing side, i.e. the side of the furnace where fuel and oxidant is injected into the furnace, the other side being the exhaust side where the combustion gases exhaust the furnace, the two sides being cyclically reversed during furnace operation.
  • Such furnaces are typically equipped with regenerators for preheating combustion air with heat from the exhausted flue gas.
  • the present invention is suitable for a wide range of industrial combustion installations.
  • the invention is, for example, particularly adapted for use in a combustion chamber of a reverberatory furnace.
  • the combustion chamber may be a melting chamber, and in particular a glass-melting chamber.
  • the combustion chamber may be a side-fired chamber or an end-fired chamber, the invention being particularly suited for end-fired combustion chambers.
  • Figure 1A is a schematic front view of a first embodiment of a fuel-and-oxidant injector according to the present invention, figures 1B and 1C being schematic partial cross-section views of said injector according to plans B-B and C-C;
  • Figure 2A is a schematic front view of another embodiment of a fuel-and-oxidant injector according to the present invention, figures 2B and 2C being schematic partial cross-section views of said injector according to plans B-B and C-C; and
  • Figures 3B and 3C are schematic partial cross section views according to respectively plans B-B and C-C of an alternative embodiment of the fuel-and-oxidant injector of the present invention.
  • the front view of said alternative embodiment may, for example, correspond to either of figures 1A or 2A.
  • the fuel-and-oxidant injectors illustrated in the figures comprise an inner conduit 10, an outer conduit 20 and a flange 30 connecting the inner conduit 10 to the outer conduit 20 at the injection end of the injector.
  • the inner conduit 10 defines a central fuel passage 11 which terminates in a fuel injection opening 12 which has a circular circumference defining a first contour 13.
  • the central fuel passage 11 is surrounded by an oxidant passage 21 located between the inner conduit 10 and the outer conduit 20, the flange 30 being located at the injection end of the oxidant passage 21.
  • the flange 30 comprises a number of “first perforations” 31 and a number of “second perforations” 35.
  • each first perforation 31 terminates in a first oxidant injection opening 32 and each second perforation 35 terminates in a second oxidant injection opening 36, the cross area of the first injection opening 32 being smaller than the cross section area of the second injection openings.
  • the cross-section areas of the first oxidant injection openings 32 are identical and the cross-section areas of the second oxidant injection openings 36 are identical, the cross-section area of a second oxidant injection opening 36 being four times the cross-section area of a first injection opening 32.
  • the first and second oxidant injection openings 32, 36 are located on a second contour 40 which surrounds the first contour 13, which is spaced from said first contour 13 and which is isomorphic with said first contour 13.
  • first and second oxidant injection openings 32, 36 alternate along the second contour 40, a first oxidant injection opening 32 being located between every two successive second oxidant injection openings 36 along said second contour 40 and a second oxidant injection opening 36 being located between every two successive first oxidant injection openings 32.
  • two second injection openings 36 are located both on the left and on the right of the fuel injection opening 12 and three first injection openings 32 are located both above and below the fuel injection opening 12.
  • the sequence of first and second oxidant injection openings 32, 36 along the second contour 40 is such that there are either no second oxidant injection openings 36 between two successive first oxidant injection openings 32 (below and above the fuel injection opening 12) or two second oxidant injection openings 36 between two successive first oxidant injection openings 32 (on the left and on the right of the fuel injection opening 12) .
  • the first and second perforations 31, 32 are cylindrical and thus have a constant cross-section area throughout. Whereas such first and second perforations 31, 35 are easy to produce, they may result in a preferential oxidant flow path through the larger second perforations 35 compared to through the smaller first perforations 31, due to the greater flow resistance of the latter. Whereas this may not be problematic for some injector configurations or combustion processes, the existence of a preferential flow path through the second oxidant perforations 35 may prove problematic for other fuel-and-oxidant injectors/combustion processes.
  • the smaller first perforations 31 are identical to those illustrated in figure 1C, i.e. they are cylindrical and have a constant cross-section area throughout.
  • the second perforations 35 have an upstream section 37 adjacent the upstream face (i.e. the face on the side of the oxidant passage) of the flange 30 and a downstream section 38 adjacent the outlet face of the flange 30 (i.e. the face of the flange away from the oxidant passage and towards the combustion zone) .
  • the upstream section 37 of the second oxidant perforations is cylindrical and has the same cross-section area as the first oxidant perforations 31.
  • the downstream section 38 of the second perforations 35 widens towards the oxidant injection opening 36. In this manner, the difference in flow resistance between the first and second perforations 31, 35 is substantially reduced while the effect of having smaller first and larger second oxidant injection openings 32, 36 is maintained.
  • This embodiment is again simple to manufacture in that, to start with, identical perforations can be made at the locations of the small and large perforations 31, 35 in the flange 30, whereafter at the location of the larger second perforations 35 the outlet section of the perforation is widened as shown in figure 2B.
  • both the first perforations 31 and the second perforations 35 present an inlet section 33, 37 adjacent the inlet face of the flange 30 and an outlet section adjacent the outlet face of the flange 30.
  • the first and second perforations 31, 35 have identical cylindrical upstream sections 33, 37, the cross-section area of which is smaller than the area of both the larger second oxidant injection openings 36 and than the smaller first oxidant injection openings 32.
  • the downstream sections 33, 37 of the first and second perforations 31, 35 are also cylindrical, the cross section area of the downstream section 33 of the first oxidant perforations corresponding the cross-section of the smaller first oxidant injection openings 31 and the cross-section area of the outlet section 37 of the second oxidant perforations 35 corresponding to the larger cross-section of the second oxidant injection openings 35.
  • second perforations and optionally also first perforations, having a narrower upstream section and wider downstream section is not only of interest for the injector configurations as shown in figures 1A and 2A, but can also usefully be applied to other embodiments of the fuel-and-oxidant injector of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un injecteur servant à injecter un oxydant et un combustible solide particulaire propulsés par un fluide, au moins trois jets d'oxydant rapides et au moins trois jets d'oxydant lents sont injectés autour du jet de combustible solide, les jets d'oxydant étant injectés sur un périmètre (40) qui entoure l'orifice d'injection de combustible (12), et le long de ce périmètre (40) au plus trois jets d'oxydant lents sont injectés entre deux jets d'oxydant rapides.
PCT/CN2015/099810 2015-12-30 2015-12-30 Procédé d'injection d'oxydant et de combustible solide particulaire propulsés par un fluide, et injecteur associé WO2017113162A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2015/099810 WO2017113162A1 (fr) 2015-12-30 2015-12-30 Procédé d'injection d'oxydant et de combustible solide particulaire propulsés par un fluide, et injecteur associé
CN201580085789.8A CN108700287B (zh) 2015-12-30 2015-12-30 用于喷射微粒状固体燃料和氧化剂的方法及其喷射器

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PCT/CN2015/099810 WO2017113162A1 (fr) 2015-12-30 2015-12-30 Procédé d'injection d'oxydant et de combustible solide particulaire propulsés par un fluide, et injecteur associé

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CN109780541B (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-12-03 西安航天动力研究所 可实现大范围变工况的气动雾化液液喷注方法及喷注器

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CN1239207A (zh) * 1998-06-17 1999-12-22 普拉塞尔技术有限公司 向液体供气的超声相干气体射流
US20040123784A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-01 Satchell Donald Prentice Burner-lance and combustion method for heating surfaces susceptible to oxidation or reduction
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US5542361A (en) * 1992-06-01 1996-08-06 Outokumpu Research Oy Method for adjusting the supply of a reaction gas to be fed into a smelting furnace, and a multipurpose burner designed for realizing the same
CN1239207A (zh) * 1998-06-17 1999-12-22 普拉塞尔技术有限公司 向液体供气的超声相干气体射流
US20040123784A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-01 Satchell Donald Prentice Burner-lance and combustion method for heating surfaces susceptible to oxidation or reduction
US20150226421A1 (en) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-13 Breen Energy Solutions Method of Co-Firing Coal or Oil with a Gaseous Fuel in a Furnace

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