WO2017107572A1 - 一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法 - Google Patents

一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法 Download PDF

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WO2017107572A1
WO2017107572A1 PCT/CN2016/098295 CN2016098295W WO2017107572A1 WO 2017107572 A1 WO2017107572 A1 WO 2017107572A1 CN 2016098295 W CN2016098295 W CN 2016098295W WO 2017107572 A1 WO2017107572 A1 WO 2017107572A1
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watch
application
android
android application
api
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黄罡
刘譞哲
余美华
马郓
柳熠
徐梦炜
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Peking University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/70—Software maintenance or management
    • G06F8/72—Code refactoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/70—Software maintenance or management
    • G06F8/71—Version control; Configuration management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/70—Software maintenance or management
    • G06F8/76—Adapting program code to run in a different environment; Porting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/30—Creation or generation of source code
    • G06F8/36—Software reuse
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/30—Creation or generation of source code
    • G06F8/38—Creation or generation of source code for implementing user interfaces

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  • the invention is an Android application reconstruction method for a smart watch.
  • the program analysis and reconstruction technology is used to reconstruct an Android application developed for a smart phone into an application suitable for a smart watch, and belongs to the field of software technology.
  • an AndroidWear smartwatch application includes a mobile terminal Mobile module and a watch-side Wear module. The method re-packages a user-specified function from a mobile terminal to a Wear module to generate a smart watch application with a Wear module, thereby achieving rapid development and cost saving.
  • the application structure is automatically adjusted.
  • the AndroidWear app adds a Wear module (folder) running on the watch side to the Android app in the source structure.
  • the method is based on the existing Android application source code for reconstruction.
  • the script calls the new module function of AndroidStudio to automatically generate a Wear module (folder) with empty content, that is, a watch page containing only one empty Activity, and the script automatically modifies the AndroidManifest.xml file in the src directory of the Wear module, adding the pair of watches.
  • API Application Programming Interface
  • the method utilizes program analysis and refactoring to analyze the call of the underlying API of the Android system in the original Android application copied to the Wear module, and replaces the API in the original Android application with the API applicable to the Android Wear system of the watch.
  • Some of the unique features of the mobile phone system are replaced by remote method calls (communication with Bluetooth), and the return value is obtained by calling the corresponding method in the Mobile module (folder) running on the mobile terminal.
  • the existing common smart watch dials are available in both round and square shapes.
  • the method provides a variety of automated adaptation options for developers to choose from. The simplest one is to reduce the overall page layout according to the corresponding proportion of the phone and the watch. Although this method is sufficient for some applications with few controls, if the number of controls is large, some controls on the page may be too small. Operation and user perception experience. Therefore, the method also provides two other adaptation schemes: list and card.
  • the commonality of the two is to first identify all the unit controls of the page, such as lists, grids, paragraphs, tables, pictures, buttons, etc., for each unit control to reduce to the size of the screen width of the watch, and provide a default content-related Sexually sorts the importance of unit controls.
  • the list-based adaptation scheme arranges the adapted unit controls into a list in a vertical order to generate an overall watch application page.
  • the card-style adaptation scheme is to stack the unit control cards into card sets according to their importance.
  • the invention reconstitutes the Android application to the application of the smart watch by semi-automatically, while ensuring high conversion quality and conversion efficiency, and reducing the development and maintenance cost of the smart watch application.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a 2048 game application page map
  • the 2048 game is a puzzle game.
  • the initial page has 16 grids. Two of the grids have two numbers 2 on it.
  • the rule of operation is to select one of the up, down, left and right directions to slide each time. The number squares will move closer to the direction of the slide, and the system will randomly display a number box in the blank space. The squares of the same number will add up when they are close together and collide. Constantly stacking and finally figuring out the number of 2048 is a success.
  • the custom layout file layout and the function function related to the layout file in the original Android application are migrated from the Mobile folder to the Wear module, and the API of the underlying Android system is analyzed by the program analysis means, and then the API is executed.
  • Replacement for example, replace Notification.Builder with NotificationCompat.Builder; for some mobile phone system unique features, the API is replaced with a remote method call (communication with Bluetooth), and the return value is obtained by calling the corresponding method in the Mobile folder.
  • the page is adapted.
  • the custom layout and the textView control are arranged in order, and each control is scaled down according to the ratio of the mobile phone to the watch. Since the width and height information of each block of 2048 is hard coded in the code Medium, so you need to manually adjust to fit the watch screen size.
  • the exit operation can be implemented by long press, and only need to add a long press callback function to the layout file to execute the exit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法。本方法为：1)对于一设定的Android应用，创建一空文件夹Mobile，将该应用的源文件都迁移到该Mobile文件夹中，然后在该应用的根目录下生成一Wear模块；2)在该Wear模块中添加支持手表特性的代码，以及添加手表的依赖库文件；并将该应用源码复制到该Wear模块中；3)将Wear模块中的API替换为手表应用的API；4)将该应用的整体页面布局按照手机与手表的对应比例进行缩小；或者先识别出该应用的页面中所有单元控件，然后将每个单元控件缩小至符合手表屏幕宽度的尺寸，并对单元控件重要性排序。本方法降低了智能手表应用的开发维护成本。

Description

一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法 技术领域
本发明是一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法，利用程序分析与重构技术将针对智能手机开发的Android应用重构成适用于智能手表的应用，属于软件技术领域。
背景技术
《2015年中国智能手表行业发展现状与未来前景分析》显示：智能手表或将成为自iPad引领的平板电脑时代之后，消费电子领域出现的又一个具有划时代意义的产品。目前主流的智能手表有搭载Watch OS的Apple Watch、AndroidWear系统的Gear、LG、Moto360等。以AndroidWear为例，智能手表的应用仍然比较缺乏，多数Android应用不能够简单地移植，因为智能手表屏幕尺寸小，交互方式与手机不同，并且具有更紧密地与传感器结合的特点。
针对上述问题，最直接的解决方案是重新开发一个面向智能手表的全新App。开发者基于Google AndroidWear的官方开发文档以及推荐的设计方式，使得应用可以针对智能手表的屏幕尺寸、操作方式和通讯方式，重新开发一个与原有智能手机应用对应的智能手表版本应用。虽然这种方式保证了应用的体验，但是也存在两方面问题：一方面，重新开发智能手表应用对于个人或中小型企业而言，开发成本和代价较大；另一方面，当需要修改应用内容时，必须同时修改Android版和AndroidWear版两个不同的应用，这将会增大维护成本。
由此可见，尽管重新开发一个智能手表版本的应用会使用户得到最好的体验，但是开发成本、维护成本都较大。因此，如何将既有Android手机应用半自动地转为智能手表应用是一个值得研究的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法。其核心思想为：在重构时为既有Android手机应用拥有者(以下简称开发者)提供半自动转化技术，将Android手机应用重构为面向智能手表的Android Wear应用。根据Google Android Wear官方网站的描述，一个AndroidWear智能手表应用包括手机端Mobile模块与手表端Wear模块。本方法通过将用户指定的功能从手机端迁移至Wear模块重新打包生成一个带有Wear模块的智能手表应用，达到快速开发节约成本的目的。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法。具体的重构过程的步骤为：
1)应用结构自动调整。AndroidWear应用在源码结构上相比于Android应用增加了运行于手表端的Wear模块(文件夹)。本方法是基于现有的Android应用源码的基础上进行重构的。首先通过Android Studio工具打开现有的Android应用项目(假定为A_Project)，新建一个空文件夹命名Mobile，将项目源文件都迁移到Mobile模块(文件夹)中，然后在该项目的根目录下用脚本调用AndroidStudio的新建模块功能，自动生成一个内容为空的Wear模块(文件夹)，即仅仅包含一个空Activity的手表页面，编写脚本自动修改Wear模块src目录下的AndroidManifest.xml文件，添加对手表特性的支持(具体添加代码为<uses-feature android:name＝"android.hardware.type.watch"/>)，编写脚本修改build.gradle文件添加手表特有的依赖库文件(dependencies：com.google.android.support:wearable与com.google.android.gms:play-services-wearable)；编写脚本复制一份原有的Android应用源码到Wear模块的src目录下。
2)应用编程接口(Application Programming Interface，API)的自动调整。本方法利用程序分析和重构，分析出复制到Wear模块的原有Android应用程序中对Android系统底层API的调用，将原有Android应用中的API替换为适用于手表Android Wear系统的API，对于部分手机系统独有特性的API则替换成远程方法调用(以蓝牙进行通信)，通过调用运行于手机端的Mobile模块(文件夹)中的对应方法获取返回值。
3)应用界面布局的自动适配。现有常见的智能手表表盘有圆形与方形两种。本方法提供多种自动化适配方案供开发者选择。最简单的一种就是将整体页面布局按照手机与手表的对应比例进行缩小，虽然针对部分控件较少的应用此种方法已经足够，但是如果控件数目较多则可能导致页面某些控件太小影响操作及用户观感体验。因此本方法还提供了另外两种适配方案：列表式与卡片式。二者共同点在于首先识别出页面所有单元控件，例如列表、网格、段落、表格、图片、按钮等，对于每个单元控件缩小至符合手表屏幕宽度的尺寸，并提供一个默认的根据内容相关性进行单元控件重要性排序。列表式适配方案将适配好的单元控件按照顺序纵向排列成一个列表，生成总体的手表应用页面。卡片式适配方案是将单元控件卡片按照重要性层叠成卡片集。
4)应用参数值以及页面布局的手工调整。本方法以AndroidStudio插件形式支持以所见即所得的方式对应用参数值以及页面布局进行手工调整。在以上自动化API替换与页面布局适配中，转换的结果并一定能让开发者完全满意，例如API替换后参数个数变化，参数值的调整，页面自动化适配时控件识别错误，开发者希望更换适配方案等等。在手动调整的阶段， 开发者可以修改程序中用到的值包括values.xml以及上述步骤的API替换中涉及的参数，使得界面转换更加适合智能手表的屏幕；也可以手动更换页面布局的适配方案，并就适配方案的细节在单元控件的粒度上进行顺序的调整。
与现有技术相比，本发明的积极效果为：
本发明通过半自动地完成将Android应用重构成面向智能手表的应用，同时保证了较高的转换质量和转换效率，降低了智能手表应用的开发维护成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程图；
图2为2048游戏应用页面图
(a)手机应用页面，(b)智能手表应用页面。
具体实施方式
本节以一个流行的Android应用“2048游戏”(https://github.com/plter/Android2048Game Lesson)为例进行面向智能手表的应用重构，其处理方法流程如图1所示。2048游戏是一款益智游戏，初始页面有16个格子，其中有两个格子上安放了两个数字2，其操作规则是每次可以选择上下左右其中一个方向去滑动，每滑动一次，所有的数字方块都会往滑动的方向靠拢外，系统也会在空白的地方随机出现一个数字方块，相同数字的方块在靠拢、相撞时会相加。不断的叠加最终拼凑出2048这个数字就算成功。
首先，对Android游戏2048的源码结构进行自动化调整，增加空Activity的Wear模块，修改AndroidManifest.xml文件添加对手表特性的支持(<uses-feature android:name＝"android.hardware.type.watch"/>)以及添加依赖库文件(com.google.android.support:wearable与com.google.android.gms:play-services-wearable)。
之后将原有Android应用中的自定义布局文件layout以及与布局文件相关的功能函数从Mobile文件夹迁移到Wear模块，借助程序分析手段，分析出应用中的调用Android系统底层的API，然后进行API的替换，例如，将Notification.Builder替换为NotificationCompat.Builder；对于部分手机系统独有特性的API则替换成远程方法调用(以蓝牙进行通信)，通过调用Mobile文件夹中的对应方法获取返回值。
接下来进行页面的适配，本例将自定义layout与textView控件按照顺序排列，各个控件都进行按照手机对手表的比例进行缩小。由于2048每个方块的宽高信息是硬编码在代码之 中，因此需要手工调整以适应手表屏幕大小。此外，手表默认的滑动退出必须禁用，否则会与游戏操作中的滑动冲突，这个需要修改styles.xml文件，添加<item name＝"android:window SwipeToDismiss">false</item>。退出操作可以通过长按实现，只需要对layout文件添加一个长按回调函数执行退出即可。
最后，将Mobile模块与Wear模块一起编译打包生成一个适用于搭载AndroidWear系统的智能手表的APK文件，重构后的应用也放置在github上(https://github.com/ymifa/jike_wear2048)，附图2是2048游戏在手机与手表上的截图。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法，其步骤为：
    1)对于一设定的Android应用，创建一空文件夹Mobile，将该Android应用的源文件都迁移到该Mobile文件夹中，然后在该Android应用的根目录下生成一Wear模块；
    2)在该Wear模块中添加支持手表特性的代码，以及添加手表的依赖库文件；并将该Android应用源码复制到该Wear模块中；
    3)将复制到该Wear模块中的Android应用源码中的API替换为适用于手表Android Wear系统的API；
    4)将该Android应用的整体页面布局按照手机与手表的对应比例进行缩小；或者先识别出该Android应用的页面中所有单元控件，然后将每个单元控件缩小至符合手表屏幕宽度的尺寸，并对单元控件重要性排序。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中，对于该Android应用源码中无法替换为适用于手表Android Wear系统中API的API，则通过调用该Mobile文件夹中对应方法获取返回值替换该API。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，采用列表式或卡片式对排序后的单元控件进行展示。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，以AndroidStudio插件形式支持以所见即所得的方式对该Android应用的整体页面布局的应用参数值以及页面布局进行手工调整。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据内容相关性对单元控件进行重要性排序。
  6. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，通过Android Studio工具打开该设定的Android应用，创建一文件夹Mobile。
PCT/CN2016/098295 2015-12-24 2016-09-07 一种面向智能手表的Android应用重构方法 Ceased WO2017107572A1 (zh)

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