WO2017092803A1 - Amélioration d'efficacité de communication - Google Patents

Amélioration d'efficacité de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017092803A1
WO2017092803A1 PCT/EP2015/078380 EP2015078380W WO2017092803A1 WO 2017092803 A1 WO2017092803 A1 WO 2017092803A1 EP 2015078380 W EP2015078380 W EP 2015078380W WO 2017092803 A1 WO2017092803 A1 WO 2017092803A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radio
radio beam
groups
data streams
beams
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PCT/EP2015/078380
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sami-Jukka Hakola
Esa Tapani Tiirola
Olav Tirkkonen
Kari Pekka Pajukoski
Risto Wichman
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Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy
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Priority to PCT/EP2015/078380 priority Critical patent/WO2017092803A1/fr
Publication of WO2017092803A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017092803A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0637—Properties of the code
    • H04L1/0668—Orthogonal systems, e.g. using Alamouti codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to communications. BACKGROUND
  • multi-beam transmissions may be used in different scenarios. Providing solutions to enhance the controlling of multi- beam transmissions may be beneficial for the operation of the communication network. Solutions enabling to use flexible number of beams may be an example of one solution.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an example a cellular communication system to which embodiments of the invention may be applied
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 illustrates a signal diagram according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 5A to 5C illustrate some embodiments
  • FIGS. 6A to 6C illustrate some embodiments
  • FIGS 7A to 7B illustrate some embodiments
  • FIGS 8A to 8C illustrate some embodiments
  • FIG. 9 to 11 illustrates some embodiment
  • FIGS 12 to 13 illustrate block diagrams of apparatuses according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS
  • Embodiments described may be implemented in a radio system, such as in at least one of the following: Worldwide Interoperability for Micro-wave Access (WiMAX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM, 2G), GSM EDGE radio access Network (GERAN], General Packet Radio Service (GRPS], Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS, 3G] based on basic wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA], high-speed packet access (HSPA], Long Term Evolution (LTE], and/or LTE-Advanced.
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Micro-wave Access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • GERAN GSM EDGE radio access Network
  • GRPS General Packet Radio Service
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
  • W-CDMA basic wideband-code division multiple access
  • HSPA high-speed packet access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-Advanced LTE-Advanced.
  • 5G is likely to use multiple input - multiple output (MIMO] techniques (including MIMO antennas], many more base stations or nodes than the LTE (a so-called small cell concept], including macro sites operating in co-operation with smaller stations and perhaps also employing a variety of radio technologies for better coverage and enhanced data rates.
  • MIMO multiple input - multiple output
  • 5G will likely be comprised of more than one radio access technology (RAT], each optimized for certain use cases and/or spectrum.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • 5G mobile communications will have a wider range of use cases and related applications including video streaming, augmented reality, different ways of data sharing and various forms of machine type applications, including vehicular safety, different sensors and real-time control.
  • 5G is expected to have multiple radio interfaces, namely below 6GHz, cmWave and mmWave, and also being integradable with existing legacy radio access technologies, such as the LTE. Integration with the LTE may be implemented, at least in the early phase, as a system, where macro coverage is provided by the LTE and 5G radio interface access comes from small cells by aggregation to the LTE.
  • 5G is planned to support both inter-RAT operability (such as LTE-5G] and inter-RI operability (inter-radio interface operability, such as below 6GHz - cmWave, below 6GHz - cmWave - mm Wave].
  • inter-RAT operability such as LTE-5G
  • inter-RI operability inter-radio interface operability, such as below 6GHz - cmWave, below 6GHz - cmWave - mm Wave.
  • network slicing in which multiple independent and dedicated virtual sub-networks (network instances] may be created within the same infrastructure to run services that have different requirements on latency, reliability, throughput and mobility.
  • network functions virtualization NFV
  • NFV network functions virtualization
  • a virtualized network function may comprise one or more virtual machines running computer program codes using standard or general type servers instead of customized hardware.
  • Cloud computing or cloud data storage may also be utilized.
  • radio communications this may mean node operations to be carried out, at least partly, in a server, host or node operationally coupled to a remote radio head. It is also possible that node operations will be distributed among a plurality of servers, nodes or hosts. It should also be understood that the distribution of labor between core network operations and base station operations may differ from that of the LTE or even be non-existent.
  • SDN Software-Defined Networking
  • Big Data Big Data
  • all-IP all-IP
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a cellular communication system to which some embodiments may be applied.
  • Cellular radio communication networks such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE], the LTE-Advanced (LTE-A] of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP], or the predicted future 5G solutions, are typically composed of at least one network element, such as a network node 102, providing a cell 100.
  • the cell 100 may be, e.g., a macro cell, a micro cell, femto, or a pico-cell, for example.
  • the network node 102 may be an evolved Node B (eNB] as in the LTE and LTE-A, a radio network controller (RNC] as in the UMTS, a base station controller (BSC] as in the GSM/GERAN, or any other apparatus capable of controlling radio communication and managing radio resources within the cell 100.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • RNC radio network controller
  • BSC base station controller
  • the implementation may be similar to LTE-A, as described above.
  • the network node 102 may be a base station or an access node.
  • the cellular communication system may be composed of a radio access network of network nodes similar to the network node 102, each controlling a respective cell or cells.
  • the network node 102 may be further connected via a core network interface to a core network 190 of the cellular communication system.
  • the core network 190 may be called Evolved Packet Core (EPC] according to the LTE terminology.
  • the core network 190 may comprise a mobility management entity (MME] and a data routing network element.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • the MME may track mobility of terminal devices 110, 120, 130 and carries out establishment of bearer services between the terminal devices 110, 120, 130 and the core network 190.
  • the data routing network element may be called a System Architecture Evolution Gateway (SAE- GW ⁇ . It may be configured to carry out packet routing to/from the terminal devices 110, 120, 130 from/to other parts of the cellular communication system and to other systems or networks, e.g. the Internet.
  • SAE- GW ⁇ System Architecture Evolution Gateway
  • terminal devices 110, 120, 130 are introduced as a group, it may be possible that there is only one terminal device 110 in the cell. That is, it is not necessary for the system that there is a plurality of terminal devices.
  • the system introduced in Figure 1 may support plurality of terminal devices.
  • the terminal devices 110, 120, 130 may comprise, for example, cell phones, smart phones, and/or tablets, for example.
  • the network node 102 may employ beamforming in transmission of radio signals in the cell 100. That is, the network node 102 may generate one or more beams 152, 154 in the cell 100, wherein each of the one or more beams 152, 154 may comprise one or more radio signals.
  • the radio signalfs] may be used to carry information via air-interface from the transmitter to the receiver.
  • beamforming also called spatial filtering
  • the steering of a radio beam may be achieved through digital and/or analog signal processing techniques and use of multiple antenna elements forming an antenna array.
  • the steering may be achieved by combining elements in a phased antenna array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference.
  • Beamforming can be used in a transmitter and/or in a receiver in order to achieve spatial selectivity.
  • the spatial selectivity results in improvement compared with omnidirectional transmission/reception, wherein the improvement is called transmit/receive gain.
  • Future 5G base stations are expected to utilize wide variety of different transceiver architectures ranging from low digital degree analog beamforming systems to hybrid transceiver architectures, up to full digital solutions.
  • Deployment scenario, deployment timeline, carrier frequency, system bandwidth and estimated energy consumption may determine the selected transceiver architectures. The mode of operation will see different options that will be used depending on above parameters.
  • the network node 102 may operate using sector wide antenna beam pattern while in certain scenarios the network node 102 may need to operate using narrow beams to meet the required link budget. Complement to conventional cellular systems, operating with narrow beams would apply also for common control signaling between the network and the terminal devices 110, 120, 130.
  • the network node 102 may employ at least two types of radio beams: a first type of radio beam 152 that covers substantially the whole cell 100; and a second type of radio beam 154 that covers a portion of the cell 100.
  • the first type of radio beam may be called a sector beam.
  • Conventionally, cellular communication systems rely on the first type of radio beams for control plane transmissions (downlink synchronization, broadcast, antenna-port based common reference signals, etc.] and reception (e.g. random access channel, RACH ⁇ .
  • RACH random access channel
  • both common control and user plane related signaling may utilize radio beams that are narrower than the sector-wide radio beam.
  • the second type of radio beam may provide a solution to such a situation.
  • the terminal devices 110, 120, 130 may each be able to receive the information transmitted utilizing said beam.
  • the terminal devices 110, 120, 130 may be able to detect only some of the beams 154 as the radio beams 154 may not cover the whole cell 100.
  • the terminal device 130 is not able to detect the second type of radio beams 154.
  • it may be able to detect the first type of radio beam 152.
  • the terminal devices 110, 120, 130 may be able to detect more than one radio beam in the cell 100.
  • the terminal device 110 may be able to detect three radio beams (two narrow beams 154 and one sector beam 152 ⁇ in the example of Figure 1.
  • the network node transceiver architectures in 5G systems may vary largely depending on deployment scenarios and so on. Furthermore, the system may operate either using sector beams or narrow beams, also for common control signaling. Thus, one of the main challenges in 5G system design may be in defining procedures and concepts so that the network node 102 may use different transceiver architectures and different mode of operation from antenna pattern perspective while minimizing the specification effort. Thus, it may be beneficial that signals and channels as well as physical layer procedures are transceiver architecture and antenna system agnostic, and adapt to both sector beam and narrow beam based operation (e.g. first type of beams, second type of beams ⁇ .
  • terminal devices 110, 120, 130 For terminal devices 110, 120, 130, simplicity of the solution may be beneficial as terminal devices 110, 120, 130 performing cell search and initial access are not needed to take any assumption on actual transceiver architecture, antenna system and operation mode of the cell 100 (sector wide or narrow beams in use]
  • the solution may provide flexibility for the transmitter (e.g. a network node] in terms of used radio beams.
  • the receiver(s] e.g. a terminal device] may benefit by obtaining the transmitted data in an efficient manner. This may, for example, reduce a need to retransmit data, and thus save radio resources.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram according to an embodiment.
  • a network element may generate a plurality of data streams, wherein each data stream is associated with a different radio beam, and wherein each data stream comprises the same data (step 210 ⁇ .
  • the network element may determine a radio beam -specific identifier for each of the plurality of data streams.
  • the network element may code each data stream according to a radio beam -specific coding schema determined on the basis of the radio beam -specific identifier.
  • the network element may cause generation of a plurality of radio beams in a cell, wherein each radio beam comprises at least one signal carrying the coded data stream associated with the radio beam and the radio beam -specific identifier.
  • the network element performing the steps 210 to 240 of Figure 2 may be and/or be comprised in the network node 102. That is, the method may be performed by the network node 102 and/or a part of the network node 102 (e.g. a circuitry of the network node 102], for example. Thus, for example, the network element may be and/or be comprised in a base station of 5G system.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a flow diagram according to an embodiment.
  • a terminal device may detect at least one radio beam, the at least one radio beam comprising at least one signal carrying a radio beam - specific identifier and a coded data stream (step 310 ⁇ .
  • the terminal device may determine a radio beam -specific coding schema for the coded data stream at least on the basis of the radio beam -specific identifier.
  • the terminal device may decode the coded data stream of the at least one detected radio beam according to the radio beam -specific coding schema.
  • the terminal device performing the steps 310 to 330 of Figure 3 may be and/or be comprised in the terminal device(s ⁇ 110, 120, 130. That is, the method may be performed by the at least one of the terminal devices 110, 120, 130, for example.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a signal diagram according to an embodiment.
  • the network node 102 may generate the plurality of data streams (step 410 ⁇ .
  • Each data stream may be associated with a different radio beam. For example, if there are two data streams, a first data stream may be associated with a first radio beam and a second data stream may be associated with a second radio beam.
  • the data streams may comprise the same data.
  • the data streams are identical.
  • the data streams are substantially identical. This may mean that the data streams are copies of the same data.
  • the data streams may each comprise same broadcast channel data (e.g. Physical Broadcast Channel, PBCH, transmission ⁇ . This may allow diversity combining of different data stream at the receiver.
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • the network node 102 may determine the radio beam - specific identifiers for each data stream. This may involve measurement of the reference signal sequence on predefined resource elements corresponding to each radio beam and obtaining beam specific channel estimates.
  • the radio beam - specific identifier may be an identifier that identifies the radio beam. For example, simple numbering may be used in which each radio beam is given a number. For example, for four radio beams the numbering may be from 1 to 4.
  • Globally Unique Identifier (GUID ⁇ or similar may be utilized, and thus each radio beam -specific identifier may comprise a GUID. Other solutions identifying each beam for the data streams may also be utilized.
  • the network node 102 may code each data stream according to a radio beam -specific coding schema determined on the basis of the radio beam -specific identifier. That is, the network node 102 may determine the coding schema for a data stream based on the radio beam -specific identifier associated with said data stream.
  • the coding schemas are discussed later in more detail.
  • the network node 102 may generate the radio beams, wherein each radio beam comprises at least one radio signal carrying the coded data stream associated with the radio beam and the radio beam -specific identifier. That is a radio beam may be used to transmit the coded data stream associated with said radio beam and the radio beam -specific identifier. It needs to be noted that the coded data streams may be different as they may be coded according to the radio beam -specific coding schema. However, once decoded the receiver may obtain the data stream, wherein the data streams may comprise the same data.
  • the at least one signal may comprise a reference signal which may be used to carry the radio beam -specific identifier. That is, if the radio beams are numbered e.g. from 1 to 4 each number may correspond to a different reference signal. Thus, the identifier of the radio beam may actually be a reference signal within a timeslot.
  • the terminal device 110 detects the reference signal it may become aware of the coding schema of the coded data stream. In other words, a reference signal transmitted within certain radio resources may be the radio beam -specific identifier.
  • the terminal device 110 may monitor a number of reference signals (e.g. up-to 8 ⁇ . It may select the strongest (if not all] reference signals corresponding to different beams for decoding coded data streams of the detected radio beams.
  • the terminal device 110 may select only one reference signal if it is only able to detect one reference signal. If, however, it is able to detect more reference signals, it may use all of the detected reference signals in decoding the corresponding data streams of the detected radio beams, for example.
  • the terminal device 110 may detect the at least one radio beam. For example, there may be two signals in a detected radio beam in which one of the signals carries the coded data stream and the other acts as the reference signal which can be used to detect the radio beam -specific identifier. As one example, a first terminal device may detect one beam while a second terminal device may detect several beams. Both terminal devices may be able to deconstruct the applied first code (Alamouti code, as an example] and second code (phase hopping, as an example] properly based on the detected radio beams (first terminal device uses one radio beam reference signal while the other terminal device uses two reference signals of the two detected beams ⁇ .
  • first code Alamouti code, as an example
  • second code phase hopping, as an example
  • the terminal device 110 may determine the radio beam -specific coding schema for the coded data stream (step 460 ⁇ .
  • the terminal device 110 may decode the coded data stream. It may be possible that the terminal device 110 detects a plurality of radio beams generated by the network element 110. Thus, it may decode each of the acquired decoded data streams.
  • the terminal device 110 may be able to combine the decoded data streams in order to increase diversity gain and to maximize the energy transmitted towards the terminal device. For example, if two coded data streams are acquired, one portion of the data may be acquired from a first coded data stream and another portion of the data from a second coded data stream.
  • the network node 102 may utilize the first and/or second type of radio beams 152, 154 in the transmission. That is, the radio beams may comprise sector beam(s ⁇ and/or narrow beam(s ⁇ . Radio beams 504 may comprise the first and/or second type of radio beam(s ⁇ 152, 154.
  • the network node 102 may obtain data 500.
  • the data may, for example, be broadcast channel data, such as common control data, that is to be transmitted to a plurality of terminal devices within the cell 100.
  • the data 500 is to be transmitted to all terminal devices within the cell 100.
  • the data 500 may be transmitted to a subset of the cell 100.
  • the data 500 may be different for different subsets of the cell 100 (but may be also the same for different subsets ⁇ .
  • the data streams 502 i.e. 502A-D ⁇ may each comprise the same data 500.
  • Each data stream 502 may be associated with a radio beam A-B.
  • the data stream 502A may be associated with the radio beam A.
  • the determined radio beam - specific identifier for the data stream 502A may be the beam identifier A 522.
  • the beam identifier A 522 may identify the radio beam A. Similar logic applies to each of the radio beams A-B and corresponding identifiers 522-528. Further, as said, the radio beam -specific identifier (e.g. beam identifier A ⁇ may be indicated to the terminal device 110 using a reference signal. Thus, the beam identifiers 522-528 may be indicated using corresponding reference signals.
  • the data streams 502 may be coded according to the radio beam -specific coding schemas 510.
  • the coding schema for a data stream may be determined on the basis of the radio beam -specific identifier. Thus, for the data stream 502A associated with the radio beam A the coding schema applied may be different than for the data stream 502B associated with the radio beam B, for example. However, it may be possible that the coding schema may be same for two or more data streams.
  • the network node 102 may obtain the coded data streams 512-518.
  • the coded data stream 516 may be coded from the data stream 502C as indicated by an arrow in Figure 5B. Similar logic applies to the other coded data streams 512, 514, 518.
  • each radio beam A-D may comprise the at least one signal comprising the coded data stream and the radio beam -specific identifier.
  • the radio beams may each comprise two signals, wherein one signal is a data signal carrying the coded data stream and the other is a reference signal (e.g. beam identifier ⁇ .
  • the radio beam A may comprise at least one signal carrying the coded data stream 512 and the beam identifier 522. Similar logic applies to all radio beams A-D shown in Figure 5C.
  • each antenna port may be associated with a sector beam (i.e. first type of radio beam 152 ⁇ .
  • each antenna port may be associated with sector-portion radio beam (e.g. second type of radio beam 154 ⁇ .
  • there may be a number of antenna ports which may be used for a certain time for transmitting the data (e.g. the common channel data ⁇ .
  • each used antenna port is associated with one generated radio beam. Thus, there may be the same number of antenna ports as there are generated radio beams.
  • the network node 102 may cause generation of the radio beams for a certain time period.
  • the number of generated radio beams may correspond to a number of available reference signals (each radio beam is associated with a specific reference signal ⁇ .
  • the number of coded data streams may correspond to the number of available reference signals.
  • the network node 102 determines the number of available reference signals, generates the same number of data streams, and causes the generation of the same number of radio beams each comprising the associated reference signal and coded data stream.
  • FIGS 6A to 6C illustrate some embodiments.
  • 16 radio beams A-P are illustrated.
  • the network node 102 may group the plurality of data streams into a plurality of groups and associate the plurality of groups with one or more sets of orthogonal physical resource elements according to a predefined criterion; and cause the generation of the radio beams utilizing the associated resource elements.
  • the at least one radio beam is detected, by the terminal device 110, utilizing the one or more sets of orthogonal physical resource elements.
  • the data stream associated with the radio beam A may belong to the first group 610.
  • the data stream associated with the radio beam M may belong to the second group 620.
  • each group of the plurality of groups 610, 620 is associated with a set of orthogonal physical resource elements according to the predefined criterion.
  • the first group 610 may be associated with a first set of orthogonal physical resource elements 630.
  • the second group 620 may be associated with a second set of orthogonal physical resource elements 640.
  • the first and second sets orthogonal physical resource elements 630, 640 may be utilized in generation of the radio beams in each group 610, 620.
  • the plurality of groups 610, 620 is associated with the same set of orthogonal physical resource elements 650 according to the predefined criterion.
  • the radio beams in the first and second groups 610, 620 may be generated utilizing the set of orthogonal physical resources elements 650.
  • the network node 102 may generate more than two groups.
  • One example of this may be the subgroups which are discussed later in more detail.
  • the plurality of groups comprises two main groups 710, 720, and wherein the grouping the plurality of data streams into two main groups 710, 720 is based on the polarization of the radio beams associated with the data streams.
  • the radio beams A-P may comprise radio beams A-H having certain polarization, and radio beams I-P having certain other polarization.
  • the first polarization group 710 may comprise data streams associated with the radio beams A-H
  • the second polarization group 720 may comprise data streams associated with the radio beams I-P.
  • the groups 710, 720 are associated with one or more sets of orthogonal physical resource sets as described above.
  • the polarization of the radio beams A-P may refer to the polarization dimensions of said radio beams. For example, for X-polarized antenna there may be two beams generated from the same antenna. The beams may have different polarization dimensions. As each radio beam may be associated with a certain data stream, the data streams may be grouped based on the polarization dimension of a specific radio beam of said antenna. Such grouping may provide a better change for a transmission to be detected and received by the terminal device 110.
  • each main group 730, 740 may comprise a plurality of subgroups 712, 714, 722, 724 comprising at least one data stream.
  • the groups 710, 720 in Figure 7A e.g. the polarization groups] may be understood as main groups as they are not further divided into subgroups.
  • the main groups 730, 740 may be formed by uniting different subgroups of the groups 710, 720, as shown in Figure 7B. This is not necessary for all implementations, but may be further used by the network node 102 depending on the scenario and/or implementation.
  • the data streams may be divided at a second level to new sub-groups.
  • the groups 710, 720 may referred to as first level groups (e.g. divided based on polarization] and the groups 730, 740 may be referred to as second level groups (e.g. formed by uniting different subsets of the first level groups].
  • the uniting of the different subgroups 712, 714, 722, 724 of the first level groups may be based on, for example, metrics and/or rules like maximum minimum distance in spatial correlation metric among radio beams associated with the grouped data streams.
  • subgroups 712, 714, 722, 724 belonging to different highest level groups 710, 720 are paired and assigned to the same set of physical resource elements, to form the main groups 730 and 740.
  • the group 730 applying one set of orthogonal resource elements is associated with antenna ports which have different polarization and/or maximize the minimum distance between the antenna ports. This may improve the diversity gain at the receiver.
  • the grouping comprises: dividing the plurality of data streams into a first and a second groups 710, 720 based on the polarization of the radio beams associated with the data streams; dividing the first and the second groups 710, 720 into subgroups 712, 714, 722, 724; and associating a subgroup of the first group 710 and a subgroup of the second group 720 with a first set of orthogonal physical resource elements, and associating another subgroup of the first group 710 and another subgroup of the second group 720 with a second set of orthogonal physical resource elements.
  • Example of this may be shown in Figure 7B.
  • the subgroups 712 and 722 may be associated with the first set of resources, and the subgroups 714, 724 may be associated with the second set of resources.
  • the forming of the so called main groups 730, 740 may not be necessary.
  • the subgroups 712, 722, 714, 724 may be transmitted on the associated first and second sets of resources.
  • each main group denotes one set of resources.
  • the reference signal may define a radio beam identifier and/or number in a specific time slot.
  • the reference signals and thus the data streams associated with the radio beams within a timeslot may be numbered so that the terminal device 110 upon detection of one reference signal is able to perform the decoding of the data stream properly.
  • the numbering may go picking alternately data streams from the groups allocated to the first set of orthogonal resource elements (e.g. the first main group 730 ⁇ and then continuing for the data streams allocated to the second set of orthogonal resource elements (e.g. the second main group 740 ⁇ in the same manner, for example.
  • the reference signal #1 may be associated to data stream associated with the radio beam A
  • the reference signal #2 may be associated to data stream associated with the radio beam I
  • the reference signal #3 may be associated to data stream associated with the radio beam C
  • the reference signal #8 may be associated to data stream associated with the radio beam P
  • the reference signal #9 may be associated to data stream associated with the radio beam B
  • the reference signal #10 may be associated to data stream associated with the radio beam J, and so forth.
  • Alamouti coding is applied as a base diversity code for providing a two branch diversity while a second code adds artificial diversity on the beams within the group.
  • picking of ports may be defined so that there is always an option for at least Alamouti code.
  • any numbering that allows the terminal device 110 to be able to deconstruct the code structure based on detected reference signal may be applicable.
  • the reference signals may have predetermined time, frequency and/or code domain locations which may be based on cell identity detected from synchronization signals for instance.
  • the terminal device 110 may be able to demodulate and decode the common channel transmission.
  • the grouping and associating the groups with the one or more resource sets may be based on predefined criterion.
  • One example of this may be the forming of the first level groups based on polarization dimension.
  • Another example may be to use different metrics to unite different subgroups to form second level groups.
  • both the first and second level groups may be associated with the one or more resource sets. Thus, it may not be necessary to always form second level groups when the data streams are grouped.
  • the predefined criterion may comprise a parameter L indicating maximum number of data streams for a set of orthogonal physical resource elements.
  • the parameter L may determine how the groups 610, 620 are associated with the one or more sets of orthogonal physical resources. For example, if L equals to 8, the network node 102 may associate the first group 610 having eight radio beams A-G with the first set of resources 630, the second group 620 having another eight radio beams 1-0 with the second set of resources 640. That is, for one resource set there may be maximum of 8 data streams. On the other hand, if L equals to, for example, 16 or higher, the network node 102 may associate the first and second groups with the same set of resources 650. That is, there may be 16 data streams associated with the same set of resources.
  • the predefined criterion may comprise a parameter K indicating the maximum number of data streams in each group of the plurality of groups.
  • K L/2.
  • parameter K may indicate the maximum number of data streams in the groups 610, 620.
  • the L may equal to 8, and K may equal to 4.
  • the first main group 730 may be associated with a first set of resources and the second main group 740 may be associated with a second set of resources.
  • the parameter K may indicate maximum number of data streams in each lowest level group (e.g.
  • the lowest level groups may be the subgroups, but if only first level grouping is applied, the parameter K may indicate the maximum number of data streams in the first level groups (e.g. groups 710, 720 ⁇ .
  • the parameter K may define the grouping, i.e. on how many levels the grouping is performed by the network node 102.
  • the terminal device 110 obtains the parameter L indicating the maximum number of radio beams, generated by the network node 102, on a set of orthogonal physical resource elements, wherein the determining the radio beam -specific coding schema is further based on the parameter L.
  • the terminal device obtains parameter K having a different value than described above. For example K may equal to L. In an embodiment, K equals to something else than L/2. For example, K may equal to L/3 or L/4.
  • the parameter L and/or K may be preconfigured to the terminal device 110. It may also be possible that terminal device 110 obtains the parameters ⁇ from a network. For example, a network node, such as the network node 102, may transmit the parameters ⁇ to the terminal device 110. For example, the parameters ⁇ may be obtained in cell discovery. In another example, the parameters] may be obtained via another radio access network (RAT ⁇ .
  • RAT ⁇ radio access network
  • the terminal device 110 may determine how the grouping by the network node 102 has been performed. As the grouping may have an effect on the coding of each data stream, the terminal device 110 may thus determine the decoding for a coded data streamfs] as it may be aware of the grouping, maximum number of data streams in a set of resources, and the way how the different data streams are grouped (e.g. polarization of radio beams and/or other criterion ⁇ .
  • the terminal device 110 detects a cell discovery signal of the cell 100. The terminal device 110 may then start to scan for potential radio beams based on the cell discovery signal. During scanning, the terminal device 110 may detect the at least one radio beam.
  • FIGs 8A to 8B illustrate some embodiments.
  • 8 radio beams A-H may be utilized. Let us assume that L equals to 8 and K equals to 4. Thus, the network node 102 may group the data streams associated with the radio beams into the first and second groups 810, 820. The groups 810, 820 may be further associated with a first set of radio resources 830 with the given predefined criterion (e.g. number of radio beams, L, K ⁇ . Thus, only first level grouping may be utilized in the example of Figure 8A. It needs to be noted that in the example the radio beams may have only single polarization dimension, for example. The specifics on how the data streams are grouped into two groups may be determined by the network node 102.
  • radio beams A, C, F, H, I, K, N, and P may be utilized. Let us assume that L equals to 8 and K equals to 4.
  • the network node 102 may group the data streams according to the polarization dimension of said radio beams.
  • the first group 840 may comprise data streams associated with radio beams having one polarization dimension
  • the second group 850 may comprise data streams associated with radio beams having a different polarization dimension.
  • the groups 840, 850 may be associated with a first set of radio resources 860 as L equals to 8.
  • Figure 8C illustrates an embodiment.
  • parameter N may indicate the number of utilized radio beams.
  • L equals to 8
  • K equals to 4.
  • the indices of data streams may vary between the groups associated with different sets of resources as there may be different number of data streams associated with each set of resources. For example, for a first set of resources there may be two groups of data streams each having four data streams. Thus, the indices may run from 0 to 3.
  • the second set of resources there may be two groups of data streams each having only two data streams.
  • the indices may run from 0 to 1 for the groups associated with the second set of resources.
  • the second set of resources may have one group of four data streams.
  • the network node 102 determines that only one set of orthogonal physical resource elements are allocated for common control transmission, and applies only one level grouping of the data streams based on the determining. Thus, in such case there may be two groups of data streams associated with the same set of radio resource elements.
  • Owing to the numbering (or other form of identifying] the beams and constructing the downlink transmission using the one or multiple set of physical resource elements may enable the terminal device 110 to deconstruct and decode the transmission when detecting one or more of the radio beams and the network node 102 to use any number of parallel beams.
  • Using multiple set of physical resource elements may provide full symbol level diversity.
  • the network node 102 divides data streams into two groups based on polarization of the radio beams associated with the data streams or according to some other criterion. The network node 102 may then take up to M data streams from each group forming two groups of size M or less. If total number of data streams is higher than L, the network node 102 may go back to dividing the excess data streams into more groups and associating the groups with further sets of radio resource elements.
  • the coding by the network node 102, comprises applying a group - wise coding over the data streams in each group of the plurality of groups (step 910 ⁇ .
  • the group -wise coding may be applied over the groups associated with the same set of orthogonal radio resource elements.
  • the group-wise coding may be applied over the data streams in the first group 610 and separately to the data streams in the second group 620 as the groups 610, 620 are associated with different sets of resources 630, 640.
  • the group-wise coding may be applied over the data streams in both the first and second groups 610, 620 as the groups 610, 620 are associated with the same set of resources.
  • the group-wise coding may be, for example, Alamouti code.
  • the Alamouti may not be performed. Performing the Alamouti may require that there is at least two groups or subgroups associated with one set of resources.
  • the group-wise coding in Figure 6B may comprise performing a phase hopping coding over the data streams in the first group 610, and a phase hopping coding over the data streams in the second group 620.
  • the network node 102 may determine whether or not there are subgroups in the groups. That is, there may be subgroups if the two level grouping is performed. If not, there may not be subgroups.
  • the coding further comprises applying, by the network node 102, a subgroup -wise coding over the data streams in each subgroup.
  • the subgroup -wise coding may comprise, for example, a phase hopping sequence that is applied to the data streams in a subgroup.
  • the network node 102 performs a coding applying phase hopping sequence over the data streams in each main group or group.
  • the network node 102 may apply such coding to the data streams associated with radio beams A-H.
  • the network node 102 may apply coding (e.g. phase hopping] over the data streams associated with radio beams I-P.
  • the network node 102 may first apply Alamouti over the groups 610, 620, and then apply phase hopping over the data streams in the first group 610 and over the data streams in the second group 620.
  • the network node 102 may apply
  • a combination of Alamouti (as a non-limiting example of usable space frequency block coding, SFBC] and/or phase hopping transmit diversity coding may be applied.
  • the radio beams and radio beam - specific reference signals may be divided into two groups based on polarization dimension of the radio beams. This was explained above as grouping the data streams associated with the radio beams. However, in a way, it may be understood that the radio beams are divided although they may be generated after the grouping.
  • Alamouti/SFBC coding may be applied over groups within the same set of resources (e.g. the groups 610, 620 of Figure 6C] and phase hopping may be applied within each group (e.g.
  • Parameters L and/or K may determine/define the number of radio beams in each set of resources and/or the number of radio beams in each group, as explained above.
  • the network node 102 may define and/or utilize a table that maps unambiguously a certain radio beam identifier/number to the applied code structure. For example, referring to Figure 7B and assuming that the subgroups 712, 722 and the subgroups 714, 724 are transmitted utilizing separate sets of radio resources, radio beam A would be mapped to 1st Alamouti branch and 1st phase hopping sequence; radio beam C would be mapped to 1st Alamouti branch and 2nd phase hopping sequence; radio beam I would be mapped to 2nd Alamouti branch and 1st phase hopping sequence; radio beam N would be mapped to 2nd Alamouti branch and 3rd phase hopping sequence, and so on. Similar logic may apply to the subgroups 714, 724.
  • the subgroups 712, 722 of Figure 7B may be in different braches of the applied Alamouti coding.
  • the same phase sequences may be used in both groups (e.g. if radio beams are grouped into two groups ⁇ .
  • Each radio beam -specific reference signal may be associated to one and only one qk.
  • the terminal device Upon detection of certain beam specific reference signal, the terminal device is able to derive associated radio beam and thus associated Alamouti code branch and qk. Hence, the terminal device may obtain the transmitted data by decoding the data streamfs] when it knows the coding schema.
  • radio beams of a first group are denoted as 2k and radio beams of a second group as 2k+l.
  • N 2k
  • k has values ⁇ 0 ⁇
  • N 4
  • k has values ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇
  • N 8
  • k has values ⁇ 0, 1, 2, 3 ⁇ .
  • a radio beam 2k of the first group may transmit 8 symbols x s in 8 parallel subcarriers as follows:
  • a radio beam 2k+l of the second group may transmit 8 symbols x s in 8 parallel subcarriers as follows:
  • the same transmission structure may be used independent of the chosen N (i.e. number of radio beams] with the given L and/or K.
  • the cell may transmit common control using 2, 4 or 8 radio beams in use simultaneously but the structure of two stage transmit diversity may remain the same.
  • K L.
  • the coding applied may comprise performing a coding within each group over the data streams.
  • Alamouti may not be performed as there is only one group associated with each set of resources.
  • Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment.
  • the terminal device 110 may scan for an X number of potential radio beams (step 1010 ⁇ .
  • the terminal device 110 determine whether or not the at least one radio beam is detected.
  • the terminal device 110 may scan for a Y number of potential radio beams utilizing the one or more sets of orthogonal physical resources, wherein Y is larger than X (step 1030 ⁇ . If the terminal device 110 detects the at least one radio beam, it may proceed to step 320.
  • the terminal device 110 may further increase the hypothesis of number of potential radio beams if it not able to detect the at least one radio beam.
  • the terminal device 110 may start first by scanning for 2 radio beams, increase the number to 4, 6, 8, 10, and so forth to a certain maximum number.
  • the maximum number may be technology specific, for example. In one example, the maximum number may equal to L.
  • the scanning for the potential radio beams may comprise scanning for X or Y amount of reference signals. When the terminal device 110 detects the reference signal, it may be able to demodulate and decode the data stream of the associated radio beam accordingly.
  • Y equals X multiplied by two, wherein the scanning by the terminal device 110 is initiated on a hypothesis that X equals two.
  • the hypothesis may be gradually increased to a certain maximum number if the terminal device 110 is not able to detect the at least one radio beam.
  • Figure 11 illustrates an embodiment.
  • the terminal device 110 may detect a cell synchronization signal (step 1110 ⁇ . This may be performed before the scanning for the potential radio beams and/or detecting the at least one radio beam.
  • the terminal device 110 may determine one or more potential radio beam sequences on the basis of the detected cell synchronization signal. The terminal device 110 may then utilize the one or more potential radio beam sequences on the detecting the at least one radio beam in step 310 of Figure 3. This may be beneficial as adjacent cells may utilize same resources, and thus knowing the sequence may enhance the detection.
  • Figures 12 to 13 provide apparatuses 1200, 1300 comprising a control circuitry (CTRL ⁇ 1210, 1310, such as at least one processor, and at least one memory 1230, 1330 including a computer program code (software ⁇ 1232, 1332, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code (software] 1232, 1332, are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the respective apparatus 1200, 1300 to carry out any one of the embodiments of Figures 2 to 11, or operations thereof.
  • CTRL ⁇ 1210, 1310 such as at least one processor
  • memory 1230, 1330 including a computer program code (software ⁇ 1232, 1332, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code (software] 1232, 1332, are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the respective apparatus 1200, 1300 to carry out any one of the embodiments of Figures 2 to 11, or operations thereof.
  • the memory 1230, 1330 may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory.
  • the memory 1230, 1330 may comprise a database 1234, 1334 for storing data.
  • the apparatuses 1200, 1300 may further comprise radio interface
  • TRX 1220, 1320 comprising hardware and/or software for realizing communication connectivity according to one or more communication protocols.
  • the TRX may provide the apparatus with communication capabilities to access the radio access network, for example.
  • the TRX may comprise standard well- known components such as an amplifier, filter, frequency-converter, (demodulator, and encoder/decoder circuitries and one or more antennas.
  • the TRX may enable communication between the terminal device 110 and the network node 102. Further, the TRX may provide access to the X2- interface for the network node 102, for example.
  • the apparatuses 1200, 1300 may comprise user interface 1240, 1340 comprising, for example, at least one keypad, a microphone, a touch display, a display, a speaker, etc.
  • the user interface 1240, 1340 may be used to control the respective apparatus by a user of the apparatus 1200, 1300.
  • a network node may be configured using the user interface comprised in said network node.
  • a terminal device may comprise a user interface.
  • the apparatus 1200 may be or be comprised in a base station (also called a base transceiver station, a Node B, a radio network controller, or an evolved Node B, for example ⁇ .
  • the apparatus 1200 may be the network node 102, for example. Further, the apparatus 1200 may be the network element performing the steps of Figure 2. In an embodiment, the apparatus 1200 is comprised in the network node 102.
  • the control circuitry 1210 may comprise a data stream generator circuitry 1212 configured to generate a plurality of data streams, wherein each data stream is associated with a different radio beam, and wherein each data stream comprises the same data; an identifier determining circuitry 1214 configured to determine a radio beam -specific identifier for each of the plurality of data streams; a data stream coder circuitry 1216 configured to code each data stream according to a radio beam -specific coding schema determined on the basis of the radio beam -specific identifier; and a radio beam generator circuitry 1218 configured to cause generation of a plurality of radio beams in a cell, wherein each radio beam comprises at least one signal carrying the coded data stream associated with the radio beam and the radio beam - specific identifier. More particularly, the CTRL 1210 of apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform the steps of Figure 2 and/or some other embodiments.
  • the apparatus 1300 may be or be comprised in a terminal device, such as a mobile phone or cellular phone, for example.
  • the apparatus 1300 may be the terminal device 110, for example.
  • the apparatus 1300 is comprised in the terminal device 110 or in some other terminal device.
  • the apparatus 1200 or the network node 102 generates the radio beams simultaneously.
  • the generated radio beams may form the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH] transmission as explained above, wherein each radio beam comprises the same data which has been coded according to the criterion explained above.
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • control circuitry 1310 may comprise a radio beam detector circuitry 1312 configured to detect at least one radio beam, the at least one radio beam comprising at least one signal carrying a radio beam - specific identifier and a coded data stream; a coding schema determining circuitry 1314 configured to determine a radio beam -specific coding schema for the coded data stream at least on the basis of the radio beam -specific identifier; and a data stream decoder circuitry 1316 configured to decode the coded data stream of the at least one detected radio beam according to the radio beam -specific coding schema.
  • the apparatus 1200 may be shared between two physically separate devices, forming one operational entity. Therefore, the apparatus may be considered to depict the operational entity comprising one or more physically separate devices for executing at least some of the above- described processes.
  • the apparatus of Figure 12 utilizing such a shared architecture, may comprise a remote control unit (RCU], such as a host computer or a server computer, operatively coupled (e.g. via a wireless or wired network] to a remote radio head (RRH] located at a base station site.
  • RCU remote control unit
  • RRH remote radio head
  • at least some of the described processes of the network node may be performed by the RCU.
  • the execution of at least some of the described processes may be shared among the RRH and the RCU.
  • the RCU may comprise the components illustrated in Figure 12, and the radio interface 1220 may provide the RCU with the connection to the RRH.
  • the RRH may then comprise radio frequency signal processing circuitries and antennas, for example.
  • the RCU may generate a virtual network through which the RCU communicates with the RRH.
  • virtual networking may involve a process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single, software-based administrative entity, a virtual network.
  • Network virtualization may involve platform virtualization, often combined with resource virtualization.
  • Network virtualization may be categorized as external virtual networking which combines many networks, or parts of networks, into the server computer or the host computer (i.e. to the RCU ⁇ . External network virtualization is targeted to optimized network sharing. Another category is internal virtual networking which provides network-like functionality to the software containers on a single system. Virtual networking may also be used for testing the terminal device.
  • the virtual network may provide flexible distribution of operations between the RRH and the RCU.
  • any digital signal processing task may be performed in either the RRH or the RCU and the boundary where the responsibility is shifted between the RRH and the RCU may be selected according to implementation.
  • Figure 14 illustrates an embodiment of a transceiver architecture of the network node 102 or the apparatus of Figure 12.
  • the network node 102 may employ the beamforming in the transmission of radio beams, and the beamforming may be realized by using an antenna array 1488 comprising a plurality of antenna elements.
  • the number of antenna elements may be more than four, more than eight, more than 12, more than 20, more than 100, or even more than 1000. With a higher number of antenna elements, higher directivity of radio beams may be achieved. Additionally, spectral efficiency may be considered to have a relationship with the number of spatial streams the network node can support. The higher number of spatial streams results in higher spectral efficiency.
  • baseband modules 1470, 1472, 1474 may perform baseband signal processing including modulation, channel coding, etc. for each radio beam.
  • the number of baseband modules 1470 to 1474 may correspond to the number of transmitted radio beams.
  • Each baseband module may be connected to a respective antenna port 1480.
  • Block 1482 performs antenna port virtualization which may be described as mapping between the antenna ports 1480 and transceiver units 1484.
  • each antenna port is mapped to one transceiver unit 1484, e.g. one-to-one mapping.
  • one antenna port may be connected to a plurality of transceiver units.
  • a transceiver unit 1484 may comprise a digital-to-analog (D/A] converter in a transmitter chain and an analog-to-digital converter in a receiver chain. Accordingly, the transceiver unit may be the cut-off point for the above- described virtualization of signal processing operations.
  • the baseband modules, the antenna ports, and the antenna port virtualization may be carried out by the RCU, or some of them may be realized in the RRH.
  • the transceiver unit may further comprise analog components conventionally used in a radio transceiver. Such components may include in the transmitter chain a frequency-converter, a power amplifier, a radio frequency filter. Such components may include in the receiver chain a low-noise amplifier, a radio frequency filter, and a frequency converter.
  • the transceiver units of the transceiver array 1484 are connected to a radio distribution network 1486 configured to perform the antenna virtualization in a radio frequency domain.
  • the radio distribution network may then connect to antenna elements 1488.
  • the radio distribution network 1486 together with the antenna port virtualization 1482 and/or the baseband modules may define a beamforming architecture of the transceiver structure and the network node.
  • the beamforming may be realized by using digital signal processing techniques, analog signal processing techniques, or a hybrid of analogue and digital signal processing.
  • each transceiver unit may be connected to one antenna element, and the beamforming may be realized through digital pre- coding in which assigns an appropriate weight to each transmission/reception stream.
  • the radio distribution network maps a signal from a transceiver unit to a plurality of antenna elements and controls amplification and phase of the signals applied differently such that the constructive and destructive interference of the signal emitted from the different antenna elements is achieved in the desired manner.
  • both analog and digital beamforming technique is employed, e.g. a part of the beamforming may be realized in the digital domain and another part in the analog domain.
  • the maximum number of generated radio beams corresponds to the number of antenna ports 1480. That is, the maximum number of simultaneous radio beams may not exceed the number of available antenna ports 1480.
  • circuitry refers to all of the following: (a] hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry, and (b] combinations of circuits and software (and/or firmware], such as (as applicable]: (i] a combination of processors] or (if) portions of processor(s]/software including digital signal processors], software, and memory(ies] that work together to cause an apparatus to perform various functions, and (c] circuits, such as a microprocessor ⁇ ] or a portion of a microprocessor ⁇ ], that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present.
  • This definition of 'circuitry' applies to all uses of this term in this application.
  • the term 'circuitry' would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors] or a portion of a processor and its (or their] accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • the term 'circuitry' would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or another network device.
  • At least some of the processes described in connection with Figures 2 to 11 may be carried out by an apparatus comprising corresponding means for carrying out at least some of the described processes.
  • Some example means for carrying out the processes may include at least one of the following: detector, processor (including dual-core and multiple-core processors], digital signal processor, controller, receiver, transmitter, encoder, decoder, memory, RAM, ROM, software, firmware, display, user interface, display circuitry, user interface circuitry, user interface software, display software, circuit, antenna, antenna circuitry, and circuitry.
  • the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code form processing means or comprises one or more computer program code portions for carrying out one or more operations according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 2 to 11 or operations thereof.
  • the apparatus carrying out the embodiments comprises a circuitry including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. When activated, the circuitry causes the apparatus to perform at least some of the functionalities according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 2 to 11, or operations thereof.
  • the techniques and methods described herein may be implemented by various means. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware (one or more devices], firmware (one or more devices], software (one or more modules], or combinations thereof.
  • the apparatuses] of embodiments may be implemented within one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs], digital signal processors (DSPs], digital signal processing devices (DSPDs], programmable logic devices (PLDs], field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs], processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • DSPDs digital signal processing devices
  • PLDs programmable logic devices
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • processors controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
  • firmware or software the implementation can be carried out through modules of at least one
  • the software codes may be stored in a memory unit and executed by processors.
  • the memory unit may be implemented within the processor or externally to the processor. In the latter case, it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is known in the art.
  • the components of the systems described herein may be rearranged and/or complemented by additional components in order to facilitate the achievements of the various aspects, etc., described with regard thereto, and they are not limited to the precise configurations set forth in the given figures, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art.
  • Embodiments as described may also be carried out in the form of a computer process defined by a computer program or portions thereof. Embodiments of the methods described in connection with Figures 2 to 11 may be carried out by executing at least one portion of a computer program comprising corresponding instructions.
  • the computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form, and it may be stored in some sort of carrier, which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program.
  • the computer program may be stored on a computer program distribution medium readable by a computer or a processor.
  • the computer program medium may be, for example but not limited to, a record medium, computer memory, read-only memory, electrical carrier signal, telecommunications signal, and software distribution package, for example.
  • the computer program medium may be a non-transitory medium. Coding of software for carrying out the embodiments as shown and described is well within the scope of a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a computer- readable medium comprises said computer program.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé consistant : à générer, au moyen d'un élément de réseau, une pluralité de flux de données, chaque flux de données étant associé à un faisceau radio différent, et chaque flux de données comprenant les mêmes données ; à déterminer un identifiant spécifique d'un faisceau radio pour chacun de la pluralité de flux de données ; à coder chaque flux de données selon un schéma de codage spécifique d'un faisceau radio déterminé sur la base de l'identifiant spécifique d'un faisceau radio ; et à provoquer la génération d'une pluralité de faisceaux radio dans une cellule, chaque faisceau radio comprenant au moins un signal transportant le flux de données codé associé au faisceau radio et l'identifiant spécifique d'un faisceau radio.
PCT/EP2015/078380 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Amélioration d'efficacité de communication WO2017092803A1 (fr)

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EP2879321A1 (fr) * 2009-06-19 2015-06-03 BlackBerry Limited Procédé et système de signalisation de couches de transmission pour mimo mono-utilisateur et multi-utilisateur
WO2011042045A1 (fr) * 2009-10-06 2011-04-14 Nokia Siemens Networks Oy Réservation des éléments d'un canal de signalisation commun pour une signalisation spécialisée

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WO2019013444A1 (fr) * 2017-07-13 2019-01-17 삼성전자 주식회사 Procédé et appareil d'émission-réception combinée utilisant la diversité de faisceaux dans un système de communication sans fil
US11451267B2 (en) 2017-07-13 2022-09-20 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transreceiving method and apparatus applying beam diversity in wireless communication system

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