WO2017092297A1 - 风电机组功率特性评价方法及装置、存储介质 - Google Patents

风电机组功率特性评价方法及装置、存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017092297A1
WO2017092297A1 PCT/CN2016/088016 CN2016088016W WO2017092297A1 WO 2017092297 A1 WO2017092297 A1 WO 2017092297A1 CN 2016088016 W CN2016088016 W CN 2016088016W WO 2017092297 A1 WO2017092297 A1 WO 2017092297A1
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Prior art keywords
wind
wind speed
wind turbine
cabin
power
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/088016
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛扬
王瑞明
马晓晶
付德义
边伟
李松迪
陈晨
孙勇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
CLP Puri Zhangbei Wind Power Research and Test Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
CLP Puri Zhangbei Wind Power Research and Test Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Application filed by China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI, CLP Puri Zhangbei Wind Power Research and Test Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Priority to ES201890039A priority Critical patent/ES2674445B1/es
Priority to DE112016005511.0T priority patent/DE112016005511T5/de
Publication of WO2017092297A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017092297A1/zh
Priority to US15/958,246 priority patent/US20180274520A1/en
Priority to DKPA201800230A priority patent/DK201800230A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
    • G01P5/06—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/335—Output power or torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/802—Calibration thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/804—Optical devices
    • F05B2270/8042—Lidar systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of new energy power generation, and particularly relates to a method and device for evaluating power characteristics of a wind turbine, and a storage medium.
  • Wind turbine power characteristics are one of the important performance indicators related to wind power generation directly related to power generation. It reflects the relationship between free-flow wind speed and net output power of wind turbines. The poor power characteristics of the wind turbine indicate that the wind turbines of the same capacity have low power generation, which means that investors do not get the return they deserve, so the power characteristics are greatly concerned by wind turbine manufacturers and wind farm developers.
  • the wind turbine power characteristic test is the most direct method to obtain the performance index of the wind turbine.
  • GB/T 18451.2-2012 Wind Generator Power Characteristics Test
  • IEC 61400-12-2:2013 Wind Generator Set Based on Engine Room Anemometer Method
  • the power characteristics test and other standards stipulate the method for testing the power characteristics of wind turbines. However, it takes at least 3 months to carry out the power characteristic test according to the standard. However, there are more than 20 wind turbine manufacturers in China, and new models emerge in an endless stream. A large number of wind turbines are facing quality assurance acceptance, and the demand for wind turbine power characteristics evaluation is very large. There is an urgent need for a convenient and economical method to evaluate the power characteristics of wind turbines.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for evaluating power characteristics of a wind turbine, and a storage medium.
  • the method economically and efficiently evaluates a power characteristic curve of a wind turbine, and fully utilizes existing wind turbine main control.
  • the system operation data realizes the evaluation of the power characteristics of all wind turbines of the same type in the wind farm; it not only ensures the accuracy, but also ensures the test efficiency, and controls the test time within one month; thus ensuring the reliability of the wind turbine. Operation and its efficient utilization.
  • the wind power unit power characteristic evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for evaluating the power characteristics of the wind turbine in the wind farm; the wind turbine is connected with the wind turbine main control system and the wind turbine controller, and the power of the wind turbine is The characteristics are evaluated; the method includes the following steps:
  • the power curve and power curve guaranteed value of the wind turbine are calculated, and the power characteristics evaluation results of the wind turbine are obtained.
  • the verification wind turbine main control operation data includes:
  • the wind turbine main control system outputs main control operation data as theoretical data, and the main control operation data includes a cabin wind speed and an output power signal;
  • the input and output of the wind turbine controller signal are checked and the main control system is controlled to correct the wind turbine controller signal.
  • the modified cabin airspeed data includes:
  • the wind speed range is divided into the wind speed of 0.5m/s as the center according to the wind speed of the cabin, and the wind speed is divided. a continuous interval of 0.25 m/s on each side; and the data packet in the interval From 1m/s below the cut-in wind speed to 85% of the wind turbine rated power, corresponding to 1.5 times the wind speed; until at least 3 data in each of the intervals, the cabin wind speed transfer represented by the mathematical function between the partitions is obtained by fitting a function, the cabin wind speed transfer function is a function of the wind speed of the cabin in each interval as a measured wind speed;
  • the free flow wind speed is calculated.
  • the measuring the wind speed and the wind direction signal on the wind measurement tower comprises:
  • the radar wind gauge measuring wind speed and wind direction signals.
  • the calculating the free-flow wind speed comprises:
  • the free-flow wind speed V free corrected by the measured cabin wind speed and the wind tower wind speed estimation and corrected for the airflow distortion caused by the terrain is calculated:
  • V nacelle is the nacelle wind speed in each interval;
  • V m is the measured wind speed;
  • V nacelle, i and V nacelle, i+1 are the interval average values of the nacelle wind speed in the interval i and the interval i+1, respectively, and The cabin transfer function is obtained;
  • V m,i and V m,i+1 are the interval averages of the wind speeds of the wind towers in the interval i and the interval i+1, respectively, and are obtained by the cabin transfer function;
  • V nacelle is the measured condition of the nacelle anemometer Value, used to estimate free-flow wind speed.
  • the power curve and the power curve guaranteed value of the wind turbine are calculated, and the power characteristic evaluation result of the wind turbine is obtained, including:
  • the measured power curve of the evaluated wind turbine and the guaranteed value of the power curve are calculated according to the corrected wind speed and output power of the wind turbine nacelle, including:
  • P n is the normalized output power
  • P 10min is the average of the measured power of 10 minutes
  • ⁇ 0 is the standard air density
  • ⁇ 10min is the average value of the air density of 10 minutes
  • T 10min is the average absolute temperature of 10 minutes
  • B 10min is the average value of 10 minutes
  • R 0 is the gas constant of dry air 287.05J / (kg ⁇ K);
  • V n is a standardized wind speed
  • V 10min is a measured wind speed average of 10 minutes
  • V n,i,j is the wind speed normalized by the i-th interval array j
  • P n,i,j is the average output power normalized by the i-th interval array j
  • N i is the array of the i-th interval of 10 minutes Number of
  • the measured annual power generation is obtained from the measured power curve; the annual power generation is guaranteed from the contracted power curve; the annual power generation AEP is estimated according to the following formula:
  • N h is the number of hours in a year, which is about 8760 hours; N is the number of intervals; F(V) is the Rayleigh cumulative probability distribution function of wind speed;
  • V ave is the annual average wind speed of the hub height; V is the wind speed;
  • V i-1 is equal to V i -0.5 m / s; setting P i-1 is equal to 0.0 kW;
  • the annual average wind speed of the hub height is measured by the wind height resource data provided by the wind farm project bidding document; the power curve guaranteed value k:
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for evaluating power characteristics of a wind turbine, and a storage medium, by verifying the main control operation data of the wind turbine; correcting the wind speed data of the nacelle; calculating the power curve of the wind turbine and The power curve guaranteed value is obtained as a result of the wind turbine power characteristic evaluation.
  • the method proposed by the invention evaluates the power characteristic curve of the wind turbine economically and efficiently, makes full use of the existing operating data of the main control system of the wind turbine, and realizes the power characteristic evaluation of all the wind turbines of the same type in the wind farm; Accuracy, while ensuring test efficiency, control the test time within 1 month; thus ensuring the reliable operation of the wind turbine and its efficient utilization.
  • the power characteristic curve of the wind turbine can be evaluated economically and efficiently, and only one representative wind turbine needs to be measured by one wind farm, and the existing wind turbine main control is fully utilized.
  • the system operation data can be used to evaluate the power characteristics of all wind turbines of the same type in the wind farm.
  • the technical solution provided by the invention adopts the 2-minute average data when determining the transfer function of the wind turbine engine room, and the obtained cabin wind speed transfer function not only ensures the accuracy, but also ensures the test efficiency, and controls the test time in one month. within.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention can use Lidar to measure the cabin transfer function, and does not need to set up a wind tower for the height of the hub, thereby reducing the evaluation cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for evaluating a power characteristic of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • step 1 is a schematic flow chart of step 1 in an evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • step 2 is a schematic flow chart of step 2 in an evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • step 3 is a schematic flow chart of step 3 in an evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing the structural composition of a power unit evaluation device for a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for evaluating power characteristics of a wind turbine, including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Verify the wind turbine master control operation data
  • Step 2 Correct the cabin wind speed data
  • Step 3 Calculate the power curve and power curve guarantee value of the wind turbine, and obtain the power plant evaluation results of the wind turbine.
  • step 1 includes:
  • the wind turbine main control system derives the main control operation data, and the main control operation data includes the cabin wind speed and the output power signal;
  • step 2 includes:
  • a typical wind turbine is a wind turbine with representative topography and wind resources in a wind farm;
  • the nacelle wind speed transfer function represented by the mathematical function between the partitions is obtained by fitting, the cabin wind
  • the speed transfer function is the function of the wind speed in the cabin in each interval as a measure of wind speed
  • the measurement of wind speed and wind direction signals on the wind tower in 2-3 includes:
  • the radar wind gauge measures wind speed and wind direction signals.
  • 2-6 include:
  • V nacelle is the nacelle wind speed in each interval;
  • V m is the measured wind speed;
  • V nacelle, i and V nacelle, i+1 are the interval average values of the nacelle wind speed in interval i and interval i+1, respectively.
  • V m,i and V m,i+1 are the interval averages of the wind speeds of the wind towers in the interval i and the interval i+1, respectively, and are obtained by the cabin transfer function;
  • V nacelle is the cabin anemometer The measured value is used to estimate the free-flow wind speed.
  • step 3 includes:
  • 3-1 includes:
  • P n is the normalized output power
  • P 10min is the average value of the measured power of 10 minutes
  • ⁇ 0 is the standard air density
  • ⁇ 10min is the average value of the air density of 10 minutes
  • T 10min is the average value of the absolute temperature of 10 minutes
  • B 10min is the average value of the pressure of 10 minutes
  • R 0 is the gas constant of the dry air of 287.05 J / (kg ⁇ K);
  • V n is a standardized wind speed
  • V 10min is a measured wind speed average of 10 minutes
  • V n,i,j is the wind speed normalized by the i-th interval array j
  • P n,i,j is the average output power normalized by the i-th interval array j
  • N i is the array of the i-th interval of 10 minutes Number of
  • N h is the number of hours in a year, which is about 8760 hours; N is the number of intervals; F(V) is the Rayleigh cumulative probability distribution function of wind speed;
  • V ave is the annual average wind speed of the hub height; V is the wind speed;
  • V i-1 is equal to V i -0.5 m / s; setting P i-1 is equal to 0.0 kW;
  • the annual average wind speed of the hub height is measured by the wind height resource data provided by the wind farm project bidding document; the power curve guaranteed value k is obtained:
  • the specific application examples of the power quality evaluation method for the wind turbine include the three stages of verifying the main operation data of the wind turbine, correcting the wind speed of the nacelle, calculating the power curve of the wind turbine and the annual power generation;
  • the evaluation method described in this specific application example needs to use the operational data derived from the main control system of the wind turbine, it is necessary to verify the cabin wind speed and output power signals derived from the main control to determine that the cabin wind speed and output power are consistent with the actual data.
  • the input and output of the wind turbine controller signal should be checked, and the correction of the signal by the main control system should be considered to ensure that the correct final signal value is used.
  • the transfer function can be used directly to correct the cabin airspeed.
  • This specific application example focuses on the case where the cabin wind speed transfer function (NTF) cannot be provided.
  • NTF cabin wind speed transfer function
  • the cabin wind speed transfer function obtained by a wind farm according to the method is only applicable to the same type wind turbine of the wind farm.
  • a wind turbine with representative topography and wind resources in the wind farm set up a wind tower in the range of 2-4 times the diameter of the wind wheel (recommended to use 2 times the diameter of the wind wheel), install a cup anemometer and a wind vane on the wind tower To measure wind speed and direction signals; or to measure wind speed and direction using a radar wind gauge (Lidar) signal.
  • a radar wind gauge Lidar
  • Data analysis uses a 2 min average of the measured data, with the cabin wind speed as an independent variable (x-axis) and the measured wind speed as the dependent variable (y-axis).
  • the wind speed range is divided into wind speeds of 0.5m/s as the center, and continuous intervals of 0.25m/s on the left and right according to the wind speed of the engine room.
  • the data should include the wind speed from 1m/s below the cut-in wind speed to 85% of the rated power of the wind turbine. 1.5 times. When there are at least 3 data in each interval, the amount of data is deemed to meet the requirements.
  • NTF is defined as the cabin air velocity (V nacelle ) in each interval as a function of the measured wind speed (V m ).
  • V nacelle cabin air velocity
  • V m measured wind speed
  • the nacelle wind speed transfer function expressed by the mathematical function between the partitions is obtained by fitting.
  • the cabin wind speed transfer function should only consider the sectors that are not affected by other nearby wind turbines and obstacle wakes.
  • the corrected wind speed V free should be calculated according to the following formula:
  • V m,i and V m,i+1 the interval mean of the wind speed of the wind tower in the interval i and the interval i+1 (obtained by the cabin transfer function);
  • V nacelle the measured value of the cabin anemometer used to estimate the free-flow wind speed
  • V free - The free-flow wind speed corrected by the measured nacelle wind speed and wind tower wind speed and corrected for the airflow distortion caused by the terrain.
  • the method does not require site calibration before the test is carried out, but the resulting cabin wind speed transfer function results are limited to the wind farm in which the test is conducted.
  • the air density can be derived from temperature and pressure according to the following formula:
  • R 0 - the gas constant of dry air is 287.05 J / (kg ⁇ K).
  • the average temperature and air pressure of 10min are generally derived from the wind turbine main control operation data. If it cannot be obtained from the main control operation data, the temperature and air pressure data measured at other locations in the same wind farm can also be used; if there is no air pressure measurement data The air pressure value provided by the bidding documents of the wind farm project may be used, or the altitude may be used for calculation.
  • wind speed should be standardized according to the following formula:
  • V 10min - measure the wind speed 10min average.
  • the measured power curve is determined by the “interval method” for the normalized data set, that is, using the interval of 0.5 m/s, the normalized wind speed average and the standardized output power are averaged for each wind speed interval according to the following formula. To:
  • V i the average wind speed normalized by the i-th interval
  • V n,i,j the wind speed normalized by the i-th interval array j;
  • N i the number of 10min arrays in the i-th interval.
  • the annual power generation is estimated by applying the power curve of the frequency distribution of different reference wind speeds.
  • the frequency distribution of the wind speed can be obtained by using the wind height resource data provided by the wind farm project bidding document, or the Weibull distribution with the shape parameter of 2. The exact same Rayleigh distribution is used as the frequency distribution of the reference wind speed (see Equation 8).
  • the measured annual power generation (AEP-measured value) is obtained from the measured power curve; the annual power generation (AEP-guaranteed value) is guaranteed from the power curve guaranteed by the contract.
  • the annual power generation can be estimated according to the following formula:
  • N h the number of hours in a year, about 8760 hours
  • N the number of intervals
  • V i the average wind speed normalized by the i-th interval
  • V ave the annual average wind speed at the hub height
  • V i-1 is equal to V i -0.5 m/s and P i-1 is equal to 0.0 kW.
  • the annual average wind speed of the hub height is measured by the wind height resource data provided by the wind farm project bidding document.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind power unit power characteristic evaluation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus includes:
  • the verification unit 51 is configured to verify the wind turbine master control operation data
  • a correction unit 52 configured to correct cabin airspeed data
  • the calculating unit 53 is configured to calculate a wind turbine power curve and a power curve guarantee value, and obtain a wind turbine power characteristic evaluation result.
  • the verification unit 51 is further configured to perform the following process:
  • main control operation data outputted by the main control system of the wind turbine as theoretical data, wherein the main control operation data includes a cabin wind speed and an output power signal;
  • the input and output of the wind turbine controller signal are checked and the main control system is controlled to correct the wind turbine controller signal.
  • the modifying unit 52 is further configured to perform the following process:
  • the wind speed range is divided into the wind speed of 0.5m/s as the center according to the wind speed of the cabin, and the wind speed is divided. a continuous interval of 0.25 m/s on each side; and the data in the interval includes 1.5 times the wind speed from 1 m/s below the cut-in wind speed to 85% of the rated power of the wind turbine; until at least 3 in each of the intervals
  • the cabin wind speed transfer function represented by the mathematical function between the partitions is obtained by fitting, and the cabin wind speed transfer function is a function of the wind speed of the cabin in each interval as the measured wind speed;
  • the free flow wind speed is calculated.
  • the calculating unit 53 is further configured to perform the following process:
  • each unit in the wind turbine power characteristic evaluation device may be implemented by a central processing unit (CPU) or a microprocessor (Micro Processor Unit) located in the neighboring area optimization device. , MPU), or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • MPU Micro Processor Unit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the wind power unit power characteristic evaluation device may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a separate product.
  • the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of instructions.
  • a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) is caused to perform all or part of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • program codes such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium in which a computer program for performing a powertrain evaluation method for a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention is stored.

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Abstract

一种风电机组功率特性评价方法及装置、存储介质，通过验证风电机组主控运行数据（1）；修正机舱风速数据（2）；计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果（3）。该方法经济且高效地针对风电机组功率特性曲线进行评价，充分利用现有的风电机组主控制系统运行数据，实现了对风电场中所有同型号风电机组的功率特性评价；既保证了准确性，同时保证了测试效率，将测试时间控制在1个月之内；进而保证了风电机组的可靠运行及其高效利用率。

Description

风电机组功率特性评价方法及装置、存储介质 技术领域
本发明涉及新能源发电领域，具体涉及一种风电机组功率特性评价方法及装置、存储介质。
背景技术
风电机组功率特性是风电机组直接与发电量相关的重要性能指标之一，它反映了自由流风速与风电机组输出净功率之间的关系。风电机组功率特性差就表示相同容量的风电机组发电量低，意味着投资商得不到应有的回报，所以功率特性受到风电机组制造商和风电场开发商的极大关注。
风电机组功率特性测试是获得风电机组这一性能指标最直接的方法，GB/T 18451.2-2012《风力发电机组功率特性测试》和IEC 61400-12-2：2013《风力发电机组基于机舱风速计法的功率特性测试》等标准规定了开展风电机组功率特性测试的方法，但依据标准开展功率特性测试至少需要3个月左右的时间，而国内有20多家风电机组制造商，新机型层出不穷，且大量风电机组面临出质保验收，对风电机组功率特性评价的需求量非常大，迫切需要一种便捷经济的方法对风电机组功率特性进行初步评价。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供了一种风电机组功率特性评价方法及装置、存储介质，该方法经济且高效地针对风电机组功率特性曲线进行评价，充分利用现有的风电机组主控制系统运行数据，实现了对风电场中所有同型号风电机组的功率特性评价；既保证了准确性，同时保证了测试效率，将测试时间控制在1个月之内；进而保证了风电机组的可靠 运行及其高效利用率。
本发明实施例提供的风电机组功率特性评价方法，用于评价风电场中的风电机组的功率特性；所述风电机组与风电机组主控制系统及风电机组控制器连接，对所述风电机组的功率特性进行评价；所述方法包括如下步骤：
验证风电机组主控运行数据；
修正机舱风速数据；
计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
本发明实施例中，所述验证风电机组主控运行数据，包括：
所述风电机组主控制系统输出主控运行数据作为理论数据，所述主控运行数据包括机舱风速和输出功率信号；
验证所述主控运行数据与实际测量数据是否相同；
若是，则修正机舱风速数据；
若否，则核查风电机组控制器信号的输入和输出，并控制所述主控制系统修正所述风电机组控制器信号。
本发明实施例中，所述修正机舱风速数据，包括：
判断当前是否已获取经认证的机舱风速传递函数；
若是，则直接使用所述经认证的机舱风速传递函数修正机舱风速数据；
若否，则进入选择风电场中的典型风电机组；
在2至4倍的所述典型风电机组的风轮直径范围内设立测风塔，并在所述测风塔上测量风速和风向信号；
取测量风速和风向信号数据的2分钟的内的平均值，以机舱风速为自变量，测量风速为因变量；风速范围按照机舱风速划分为以0.5m/s整数倍的风速为中心，划分出左右各0.25m/s的连续区间；且所述区间内的数据包 括从切入风速以下1m/s到风力发电机组额定功率85％对应风速的1.5倍；直到每个所述区间内至少有3个数据时，通过拟合得出分区间数学函数表示的机舱风速传递函数，所述机舱风速传递函数为每个区间内机舱风速作为测量风速的函数；
计算得到自由流风速。
本发明实施例中，所述在所述测风塔上测量风速和风向信号包括：
在所述测风塔上安装杯式风速计及风向标，所述杯式风速计及风向标测量风速和风向信号；
或在所述测风塔上安装雷达测风仪，所述雷达测风仪测量风速和风向信号。
本发明实施例中，所述计算得到自由流风速，包括：
根据所述机舱风速传递函数，计算采用实测机舱风速和测风塔风速估算并针对地形引起的气流畸变修正后的自由流风速Vfree：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000001
其中：Vnacelle为每个区间内机舱风速；Vm为测量风速；Vnacelle,i和Vnacelle,i+1分别为区间i和区间i+1中机舱风速的区间平均值、且通过所述机舱传递函数得到；Vm,i和Vm,i+1分别为区间i和区间i+1中测风塔风速的区间平均值、且通过机舱传递函数得到；Vnacelle为机舱风速计的实测值、用于估算自由流风速。
本发明实施例中，所述计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果，包括：
根据修正后的风电机组机舱风速和输出功率，计算得到被评价风电机组的测量功率曲线及所述功率曲线保证值；
判断被评价风电机组的功率曲线保证值是否达到制造商保证的数值，并得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
本发明实施例中，所述根据修正后的风电机组机舱风速和输出功率，计算得到被评价风电机组的测量功率曲线及所述功率曲线保证值，包括：
将所有测量数据标准化至海平面空气密度，并根据ISO标准大气密度，对定桨距、定转速的失速调节风力发电机组的输出功率进行标准化：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000002
其中：Pn为标准化的输出功率；P10min为10分钟的测量功率平均值；ρ0为标准空气密度；ρ10min为10分钟的空气密度平均值；
其中，ρ10min为：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000003
其中：T10min为10分钟的绝对气温平均值；B10min为10分钟的气压平均值；R0为干燥空气的气体常数287.05J/(kg×K)；
对有功功率控制的风力发电机组的风速标准化：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000004
其中：Vn为标准化的风速；V10min为10分钟的测量风速平均值；
计算第i个区间标准化的平均风速Vi及平均输出功率Pi为：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000006
其中：Vn,i,j为第i个区间数组j标准化的风速；Pn,i,j为第i个区间数组j标准化的平均输出功率；Ni为10分钟的第i个区间内数组的数目；
测量年发电量由测量功率曲线得到；保证年发电量由合同担保的功率曲线得到；根据下式估算年发电量AEP：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000007
其中：Nh为一年中的小时数，约为8760小时；N为区间个数；F(V)为风速的瑞利累积概率分布函数；
其中，F(V)为：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000008
其中：Vave为轮毂高度的年平均风速；V为风速；
求和初始化设置：
设置Vi-1等于Vi-0.5m/s；设置Pi-1等于0.0kW；
轮毂高度的年平均风速采用风电场项目工程招标文件提供的轮毂高度风资源数据；得到功率曲线保证值k：
k＝(AEP-测量值/AEP-保证值)×100％。
从上述的技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例提供了一种风电机组功率特性评价方法及装置、存储介质，通过验证风电机组主控运行数据；修正机舱风速数据；计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。本发明提出的方法经济且高效地针对风电机组功率特性曲线进行评价，充分利用现有的风电机组主控制系统运行数据，实现了对风电场中所有同型号风电机组的功率特性评价；既保证了准确性，同时保证了测试效率，将测试时间控制在1个月之内；进而保证了风电机组的可靠运行及其高效利用率。
本发明实施例的技术方案至少具有以下优异效果：
1、本发明所提供的技术方案中，能够经济高效的针对风电机组功率特性曲线进行评价，一个风电场仅需对一台有代表性的风电机组进行测量，充分利用现有的风电机组主控制系统运行数据，可以对风电场中所有同型号风电机组的功率特性实现评价。
2、本发明所提供的技术方案，在确定风电机组机舱传递函数时采用2分钟平均数据，得到的机舱风速传递函数既保证了准确性，同时保证了测试效率，将测试时间控制在1个月之内。
3、本发明所提供的技术方案，可使用Lidar进行机舱传递函数的测量，不需要设立轮毂高度的测风塔，减少评价成本。
4、本发明所提供的技术方案，保证了风电机组的可靠运行及其高效利用率。
5、本发明提供的技术方案，应用广泛，具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的风电机组功率特性评价方法的流程图；
图2是本发明实施例的评价方法中步骤1的流程示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的评价方法中步骤2的流程示意图；
图4是本发明实施例的评价方法中步骤3的流程示意图；
图5是本发明实施例的风电机组功率特性评价装置的结构组成示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，本发明提供实施例一种风电机组功率特性评价方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1.验证风电机组主控运行数据；
步骤2.修正机舱风速数据；
步骤3.计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
如图2所示，步骤1包括：
1-1.风电机组主控制系统导出主控运行数据，主控运行数据包括机舱风速和输出功率信号；
1-2.验证主控运行数据与实际测量数据是否相同；
若是，则进入步骤2；
若否，则进入1-3；
1-3.核查风电机组控制器信号的输入和输出，并控制主控制系统修正风电机组控制器信号；返回1-1。
如图3所示，步骤2包括：
2-1.判断当前是否已获取经认证的机舱风速传递函数；
若是，则直接使用经认证的机舱风速传递函数修正机舱风速数据；
若否，则进入2-2；
2-2.选择风电场中的典型风电机组；其中，典型风电机组为风电场中地形及风资源具有代表性的风电机组；
2-3.在2至4倍的典型风电机组的风轮直径范围内设立测风塔，并在测风塔上测量风速和风向信号；
2-4.取测量风速和风向信号数据的2分钟的内的平均值，以机舱风速为自变量，测量风速为因变量；风速范围按照机舱风速划分为以0.5m/s整数倍的风速为中心，划分出左右各0.25m/s的连续区间；且区间内的数据包括从切入风速以下1m/s到风力发电机组额定功率85％对应风速的1.5倍；直到每个区间内至少有3个数据时，进入2-5；
2-5.通过拟合得出分区间数学函数表示的机舱风速传递函数，机舱风 速传递函数为每个区间内机舱风速作为测量风速的函数；
2-6.计算得到自由流风速。
其中，2-3中的在测风塔上测量风速和风向信号包括：
在测风塔上安装杯式风速计及风向标，杯式风速计及风向标测量风速和风向信号；
或在测风塔上安装雷达测风仪，雷达测风仪测量风速和风向信号。
其中，2-6包括：
根据机舱风速传递函数，计算采用实测机舱风速和测风塔风速估算并针对地形引起的气流畸变修正后的自由流风速Vfree：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000009
式(1)中：Vnacelle为每个区间内机舱风速；Vm为测量风速；Vnacelle,i和Vnacelle,i+1分别为区间i和区间i+1中机舱风速的区间平均值、且通过机舱传递函数得到；Vm,i和Vm,i+1分别为区间i和区间i+1中测风塔风速的区间平均值、且通过机舱传递函数得到；Vnacelle为机舱风速计的实测值、用于估算自由流风速。
如图4所示，步骤3包括：
3-1.根据修正后的风电机组机舱风速和输出功率，计算得到被评价风电机组的测量功率曲线及功率曲线保证值；
3-2.判断被评价风电机组的功率曲线保证值是否达到制造商保证的数值，并得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
其中，3-1包括：
a.将所有测量数据标准化至海平面空气密度，并根据ISO标准大气密度，对定桨距、定转速的失速调节风力发电机组的输出功率进行标准化：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000010
式(2)中：Pn为标准化的输出功率；P10min为10分钟的测量功率平均值；ρ0为标准空气密度；ρ10min为10分钟的空气密度平均值；
其中，ρ10min为：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000011
式(3)中：T10min为10分钟的绝对气温平均值；B10min为10分钟的气压平均值；R0为干燥空气的气体常数287.05J/(kg×K)；
b.对有功功率控制的风力发电机组的风速标准化：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000012
式(4)中：Vn为标准化的风速；V10min为10分钟的测量风速平均值；
c.计算第i个区间标准化的平均风速Vi及平均输出功率Pi为：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000014
其中：Vn,i,j为第i个区间数组j标准化的风速；Pn,i,j为第i个区间数组j标准化的平均输出功率；Ni为10分钟的第i个区间内数组的数目；
d.测量年发电量由测量功率曲线得到；保证年发电量由合同担保的功率曲线得到；根据下式估算年发电量AEP：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000015
式(7)中：Nh为一年中的小时数，约为8760小时；N为区间个数；F(V)为风速的瑞利累积概率分布函数；
其中，F(V)为：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000016
式(8)中：Vave为轮毂高度的年平均风速；V为风速；
e.求和初始化设置：
设置Vi-1等于Vi-0.5m/s；设置Pi-1等于0.0kW；
f.轮毂高度的年平均风速采用风电场项目工程招标文件提供的轮毂高度风资源数据；得到功率曲线保证值k：
k＝(AEP-测量值/AEP-保证值)×100％            (9)。
本发明提供一种风电机组功率特性评价方法的具体应用例具体包括验证风电机组主控运行数据、修正机舱风速、计算风电机组功率曲线及年发电量三个阶段；如下：
(一)验证风电机组主控运行数据：
由于本具体应用例所述的评价方法需要使用风电机组主控制系统导出的运行数据，因此需要先对主控导出的机舱风速和输出功率信号进行验证，确定机舱风速和输出功率与实际数据一致。应对风电机组控制器信号的输入和输出进行核查，考虑主控制系统对信号的修正，以保证使用了正确的最终信号值。
(二)修正机舱风速：
如果可以获得经认证的机舱风速传递函数，可直接使用该传递函数修正机舱风速。本具体应用例重点描述不能提供机舱风速传递函数(NTF)的情况，根据本方法在某风电场得到的机舱风速传递函数只适用于该风电场同型号风电机组。
选择风电场中地形及风资源具有代表性的风电机组，在2-4倍风轮直径范围内设立测风塔(推荐使用2倍风轮直径)，测风塔上安装杯式风速计及风向标，测量风速风向信号；或使用雷达测风仪(Lidar)测量风速和风向 信号。
数据分析使用测量数据的2min平均值，以机舱风速为自变量(x轴)，测量风速为因变量(y轴)。风速范围按照机舱风速划分为以0.5m/s整数倍的风速为中心，左右各0.25m/s的连续区间，数据应包括从切入风速以下1m/s到风力发电机组额定功率85％对应风速的1.5倍。当每个区间内至少有3个数据，视为数据量满足要求。
其中，NTF定义为每个区间内机舱风速(Vnacelle)作为测量风速(Vm)的函数。NTF只在最低风速区间至最高风速区间内有效，不允许进行NTF外推。
通过拟合得出分区间数学函数表示的机舱风速传递函数，机舱风速传递函数应仅考虑不受附近其他运行风电机组和障碍物尾流影响的扇区。
得出NTF之后，修正风速Vfree应按下列公式计算：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000017
式中：
Vnacelle,i和Vnacelle,i+1——区间i和区间i+1中机舱风速的区间平均值(通过机舱传递函数得到)；
Vm,i和Vm,i+1——区间i和区间i+1中测风塔风速的区间平均值，(通过机舱传递函数得到)；
Vnacelle——机舱风速计的实测值，用于估算自由流风速；
Vfree——采用实测机舱风速和测风塔风速估算并针对地形引起的气流畸变修正后的自由流风速。
本方法在开展测试之前不需要进行场地标定，但所得机舱风速传递函数结果适用范围仅限于开展测试的风电场。
(三)计算风电机组功率曲线：
使用经修正的风电机组机舱风速和输出功率，计算被评价风电机组的测量功率曲线，确认被评价风电机组的功率曲线保证值k是否能达到制造商保证的数值，用于计算的数据使用10min平均值，仅考虑不受附近其他运行风电机组和障碍物尾流影响的扇区内的数据。
所有测量数据应标准化到海平面空气密度，参考ISO标准大气密度(1.225kg/m3)，对定桨距、定转速的失速调节风力发电机组，应根据下式对输出功率进行标准化：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000018
式中：
Pn——标准化的输出功率；
P10min——测量功率10min平均值；
ρ0——标准空气密度。
空气密度可根据下式由气温和气压得出：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000019
式中：
ρ10min——空气密度10min平均值；
T10min——绝对气温10min平均值；
B10min——气压10min平均值；
R0——干燥空气的气体常数287.05J/(kg×K)。
注：气温和气压10min平均值一般由风电机组主控运行数据导出，如果无法经由主控运行数据得到，也可使用在同一风电场内其他位置测得的气温和气压数据；如果没有气压测量数据，可采用风电场项目工程招标文件提供的气压数值，或利用海拔高度进行计算。
对有功功率控制的风力发电机组，应根据下式对风速进行标准化：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000020
式中：
Vn——标准化的风速；
V10min——测量风速10min平均值。
测量功率曲线是对标准化后的数据组用“区间法”确定的，即用0.5m/s的区间，依据下式对每一风速区间计算标准化后的风速平均值和标准化后的输出功率平均值得到：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000022
式中：
Vi——第i个区间标准化的平均风速；
Vn,i,j——第i个区间数组j标准化的风速；
Pi——第i个区间标准化的平均输出功率；
Pn,i,j——第i个区间数组j标准化的平均输出功率；
Ni——第i个区间内10min数组的数目。
年发电量是对不同参考风速的频率分布应用功率曲线进行估计得到的，风速的频率分布可以采用风电场项目工程招标文件提供的轮毂高度风资源数据，也可以采用形状参数为2的威布尔分布完全相同的瑞利分布作为参考风速的频率分布(见公式8)。测量年发电量(AEP-测量值)由测量功率曲线得到；保证年发电量(AEP-保证值)由合同担保的功率曲线得到。
可根据下式估算年发电量：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000023
式中：
AEP——年发电量；
Nh——一年中的小时数，约为8760小时；
N——区间个数；
Vi——第i个区间标准化的平均风速；
Pi——第i个区间标准化的平均输出功率。
并且：
Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-000024
式中：
F(V)——风速的瑞利累积概率分布函数；
Vave——轮毂高度的年平均风速；
V——风速。
求和初始化设置：Vi-1等于Vi-0.5m/s，Pi-1等于0.0kW。
轮毂高度的年平均风速采用风电场项目工程招标文件提供的轮毂高度风资源数据。
功率曲线保证值k＝(AEP-测量值/AEP-保证值)×100％        (9)
图5为本发明实施例的风电机组功率特性评价装置的结构组成示意图，如图5所示，所述装置包括：
验证单元51，配置为验证风电机组主控运行数据；
修正单元52，配置为修正机舱风速数据；
计算单元53，配置为计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
其中，所述验证单元51，还配置为执行如下过程：
获取风电机组主控制系统输出的主控运行数据作为理论数据，所述主控运行数据包括机舱风速和输出功率信号；
验证所述主控运行数据与实际测量数据是否相同；
若是，则修正机舱风速数据；
若否，则核查风电机组控制器信号的输入和输出，并控制所述主控制系统修正所述风电机组控制器信号。
其中，所述修正单元52，还配置为执行如下过程：
判断当前是否已获取经认证的机舱风速传递函数；
若是，则直接使用所述经认证的机舱风速传递函数修正机舱风速数据；
若否，则选择风电场中的典型风电机组；
在2至4倍的所述典型风电机组的风轮直径范围内设立测风塔，并在所述测风塔上测量风速和风向信号；
取测量风速和风向信号数据的2分钟的内的平均值，以机舱风速为自变量，测量风速为因变量；风速范围按照机舱风速划分为以0.5m/s整数倍的风速为中心，划分出左右各0.25m/s的连续区间；且所述区间内的数据包括从切入风速以下1m/s到风力发电机组额定功率85％对应风速的1.5倍；直到每个所述区间内至少有3个数据时，通过拟合得出分区间数学函数表示的机舱风速传递函数，所述机舱风速传递函数为每个区间内机舱风速作为测量风速的函数；
计算得到自由流风速。
所述计算单元53，还配置为执行如下过程：
根据修正后的风电机组机舱风速和输出功率，计算得到被评价风电机组的测量功率曲线及所述功率曲线保证值；
判断被评价风电机组的功率曲线保证值是否达到制造商保证的数值， 并得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
在实际应用中，所述风电机组功率特性评价装置中的各个单元所实现的功能，均可由位于邻区优化装置中的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)、或微处理器(Micro Processor Unit，MPU)、或数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、或现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)等实现。
本发明实施例上述风电机组功率特性评价装置如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机、服务器、或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read Only Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。这样，本发明实施例不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
相应地，本发明实施例还提供一种存储介质，其中存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序用于执行本发明实施例的风电机组功率特性评价方法。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种风电机组功率特性评价方法，所述方法用于评价风电场中的风电机组的功率特性；所述风电机组与风电机组主控制系统及风电机组控制器连接，对所述风电机组的功率特性进行评价；所述方法包括：
    验证风电机组主控运行数据；
    修正机舱风速数据；
    计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述验证风电机组主控运行数据，包括：
    所述风电机组主控制系统输出主控运行数据作为理论数据，所述主控运行数据包括机舱风速和输出功率信号；
    验证所述主控运行数据与实际测量数据是否相同；
    若是，则修正机舱风速数据；
    若否，则核查风电机组控制器信号的输入和输出，并控制所述主控制系统修正所述风电机组控制器信号。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述修正机舱风速数据，包括：
    判断当前是否已获取经认证的机舱风速传递函数；
    若是，则直接使用所述经认证的机舱风速传递函数修正机舱风速数据；
    若否，则选择风电场中的典型风电机组；
    在2至4倍的所述典型风电机组的风轮直径范围内设立测风塔，并在所述测风塔上测量风速和风向信号；
    取测量风速和风向信号数据的2分钟的内的平均值，以机舱风速为自变量，测量风速为因变量；风速范围按照机舱风速划分为以0.5m/s整数倍的风速为中心，划分出左右各0.25m/s的连续区间；且所述区间内的数据包 括从切入风速以下1m/s到风力发电机组额定功率85％对应风速的1.5倍；直到每个所述区间内至少有3个数据时，通过拟合得出分区间数学函数表示的机舱风速传递函数，所述机舱风速传递函数为每个区间内机舱风速作为测量风速的函数；
    计算得到自由流风速。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述在所述测风塔上测量风速和风向信号包括：
    在所述测风塔上安装杯式风速计及风向标，所述杯式风速计及风向标测量风速和风向信号；
    或在所述测风塔上安装雷达测风仪，所述雷达测风仪测量风速和风向信号。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述计算得到自由流风速，包括：
    根据所述机舱风速传递函数，计算采用实测机舱风速和测风塔风速估算并针对地形引起的气流畸变修正后的自由流风速Vfree：
    Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-100001
    其中：Vnacelle为每个区间内机舱风速；Vm为测量风速；Vnacelle,i和Vnacelle,i+1分别为区间i和区间i+1中机舱风速的区间平均值、且通过所述机舱传递函数得到；Vm,i和Vm,i+1分别为区间i和区间i+1中测风塔风速的区间平均值、且通过机舱传递函数得到；Vnacelle为机舱风速计的实测值、用于估算自由流风速。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果，包括：
    根据修正后的风电机组机舱风速和输出功率，计算得到被评价风电机组的测量功率曲线及所述功率曲线保证值；
    判断被评价风电机组的功率曲线保证值是否达到制造商保证的数值， 并得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述根据修正后的风电机组机舱风速和输出功率，计算得到被评价风电机组的测量功率曲线及所述功率曲线保证值，包括：
    将所有测量数据标准化至海平面空气密度，并根据ISO标准大气密度，对定桨距、定转速的失速调节风力发电机组的输出功率进行标准化：
    Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-100002
    其中：Pn为标准化的输出功率；P10min为10分钟的测量功率平均值；ρ0为标准空气密度；ρ10min为10分钟的空气密度平均值；
    其中，ρ10min为：
    Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-100003
    其中：T10min为10分钟的绝对气温平均值；B10min为10分钟的气压平均值；R0为干燥空气的气体常数287.05J/(kg×K)；
    对有功功率控制的风力发电机组的风速标准化：
    Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-100004
    其中：Vn为标准化的风速；V10min为10分钟的测量风速平均值；
    计算第i个区间标准化的平均风速Vi及平均输出功率Pi为：
    Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-100006
    其中：Vn,i,j为第i个区间数组j标准化的风速；Pn,i,j为第i个区间数组j标准化的平均输出功率；Ni为10分钟的第i个区间内数组的数目；
    测量年发电量由测量功率曲线得到；保证年发电量由合同担保的功率曲线得到；根据下式估算年发电量AEP：
    Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-100007
    其中：Nh为一年中的小时数，约为8760小时；N为区间个数；F(V)为风速的瑞利累积概率分布函数；
    其中，F(V)为：
    Figure PCTCN2016088016-appb-100008
    其中：Vave为轮毂高度的年平均风速；V为风速；
    求和初始化设置：
    设置Vi-1等于Vi-0.5m/s；设置Pi-1等于0.0kW；
    轮毂高度的年平均风速采用风电场项目工程招标文件提供的轮毂高度风资源数据；得到功率曲线保证值k：
    k＝(AEP-测量值/AEP-保证值)×100％。
  8. 一种风电机组功率特性评价装置，所述装置包括：
    验证单元，配置为验证风电机组主控运行数据；
    修正单元，配置为修正机舱风速数据；
    计算单元，配置为计算得到风电机组功率曲线及功率曲线保证值，得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的装置，其中，所述验证单元，还配置为执行如下过程：
    获取风电机组主控制系统输出的主控运行数据作为理论数据，所述主控运行数据包括机舱风速和输出功率信号；
    验证所述主控运行数据与实际测量数据是否相同；
    若是，则修正机舱风速数据；
    若否，则核查风电机组控制器信号的输入和输出，并控制所述主控制系统修正所述风电机组控制器信号。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的装置，其中，所述修正单元，还配置为执行如下过程：
    判断当前是否已获取经认证的机舱风速传递函数；
    若是，则直接使用所述经认证的机舱风速传递函数修正机舱风速数据；
    若否，则选择风电场中的典型风电机组；
    在2至4倍的所述典型风电机组的风轮直径范围内设立测风塔，并在所述测风塔上测量风速和风向信号；
    取测量风速和风向信号数据的2分钟的内的平均值，以机舱风速为自变量，测量风速为因变量；风速范围按照机舱风速划分为以0.5m/s整数倍的风速为中心，划分出左右各0.25m/s的连续区间；且所述区间内的数据包括从切入风速以下1m/s到风力发电机组额定功率85％对应风速的1.5倍；直到每个所述区间内至少有3个数据时，通过拟合得出分区间数学函数表示的机舱风速传递函数，所述机舱风速传递函数为每个区间内机舱风速作为测量风速的函数；
    计算得到自由流风速。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的装置，其中，所述计算单元，还配置为执行如下过程：
    根据修正后的风电机组机舱风速和输出功率，计算得到被评价风电机组的测量功率曲线及所述功率曲线保证值；
    判断被评价风电机组的功率曲线保证值是否达到制造商保证的数值，并得到风电机组功率特性评价结果。
  12. 一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令配置为执行权利要求1-7任一项所述的风电机组功率特性 评价方法。
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