WO2017092084A1 - 一种微正压式室内空气净化装置及空气净化方法 - Google Patents

一种微正压式室内空气净化装置及空气净化方法 Download PDF

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WO2017092084A1
WO2017092084A1 PCT/CN2015/098111 CN2015098111W WO2017092084A1 WO 2017092084 A1 WO2017092084 A1 WO 2017092084A1 CN 2015098111 W CN2015098111 W CN 2015098111W WO 2017092084 A1 WO2017092084 A1 WO 2017092084A1
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activated carbon
air
air purification
positive pressure
micro
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PCT/CN2015/098111
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English (en)
French (fr)
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朱天乐
王文征
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北京航空航天大学
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/62—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0415—Beds in cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0222—Compounds of Mn, Re
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0274—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04 characterised by the type of anion
    • B01J20/0296—Nitrates of compounds other than those provided for in B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/223—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B01J20/28045—Honeycomb or cellular structures; Solid foams or sponges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of indoor air purification, in particular to a micro-positive pressure indoor air purification device and an air purification method.
  • Air purifiers are a common way to achieve indoor air purification.
  • air purifiers on the market usually use indoor circulation to purify indoor air pollution, but this ventilation method cannot introduce fresh air, reduce CO 2 (carbon dioxide) content and increase O 2 (oxygen) content, which cannot meet actual demand.
  • the fresh air system can send or inhale outdoor air into the room to meet the body's demand for fresh oxygen concentration.
  • the performance of the fresh air system depends to a large extent on outdoor air quality. In recent years, frequent fog and haze, and often accompanied by a high concentration of volatile organic compounds, SO 2 (sulfur dioxide), NO x (nitrogen oxides) and the like vapor phase contaminants.
  • CN103673117A discloses a fresh air system having the function of purifying particulate matter and harmful gas, which can efficiently remove fine particles and harmful toxic gases contained in fresh air, and can provide negative ions.
  • this system ignores the ozone generated by the outdoor air and the negative ion generating device.
  • the low concentration of ozone can effectively sterilize and remove the odor, but its strong oxidizing property also causes strong stimulation and damage to the human respiratory system. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively control the concentration of ozone in the room.
  • the fresh air system in practical applications is mostly a central system of households, which requires a large number of branch pipes, which not only increases wind resistance, but also wastes energy. It also must use ceilings to hide branch pipes, which is inconvenient to install and takes up space.
  • the indoor negative pressure environment caused by the negative pressure type central air fresh air system will affect human health and easily cause outdoor polluted air to be poured.
  • the prior art discloses an air purifier with a fresh air ventilation function, which can switch the fresh air passage and the indoor circulation passage according to the indoor real-time situation, and remove the PM2.5 by setting a filter component in the fresh air passage. To a certain extent, the decentralization of the fresh air system has been achieved.
  • This air purifier is the presence of defects: only consider removing PM2.5, ignoring the volatile organic compounds in indoor and outdoor air, SO 2, NO x and other pollutants in the gas phase.
  • several air purifiers disclosed above have large volume, complicated structure, and high cost, and thus have not been put into practical use.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to blast the purified outdoor air into the room, clean the indoor air, maintain a certain micro-positive pressure in the room, maintain indoor air circulation, and prevent outdoor pollution gas from being poured.
  • the present invention provides a micro-positive pressure indoor air purification device including a cylindrical casing, one end of which is an air inlet, and the other end of which is an air outlet, the cylindrical shape
  • a coarse filter screen, a fan, an activated carbon module and a high-efficiency filter module are arranged in the casing from the air inlet to the air outlet, and a controller is arranged at the air outlet end, and the controller is used to control the operation of the fan.
  • the air outlet end sleeve is provided with a screw cap
  • the rotating cap is provided with a central through hole
  • the outer side of the screw cap is provided with a card slot
  • the controller is disposed in the card slot.
  • the coarse filter screen, the fan, the activated carbon module and the high-efficiency filter module are provided with a positioning sleeve between the two, and the outer wall of the positioning sleeve is adapted to the inner wall of the cylindrical casing.
  • the cylindrical casing has a diameter of 50-100 mm; and the fan is an axial flow fan.
  • the activated carbon module is composed of modified fibrous activated carbon or modified honeycomb activated carbon; and the high-efficiency filtering module is provided with ultrafine glass fiber paper as a filter material.
  • the present invention also provides a method for performing air purification using the micro-positive pressure indoor air purification device described above, which comprises the following steps:
  • a sealing gasket is arranged at the contact end of the cap and the wall, and the sealing cap is screwed to press the sealing gasket against the wall of the wall;
  • the method for preparing the modified fibrous activated carbon comprises the following steps:
  • the raw material fiber is impregnated with the ammonium salt solution for 6 hours, drained, dried, heated to 400-500 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and subjected to semi-carbonization treatment;
  • the semi-carbonized fiber is impregnated with an alkali solution for 6 hours, drained, dried, heated to 800-900 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and simultaneously carbonized and activated;
  • the fiber after the simultaneous carbonization activation is first immersed in the acid solution for 1 hour, then washed with distilled water until neutral, drained, and then immersed in the manganese salt solution for 3 hours, and vacuum-screwed at 60-80 ° C to remove excess water, at 90 It is dried at -120 ° C for 12 to 24 hours, and heated to 400 to 600 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere to carry out calcination treatment to obtain a target fibrous activated carbon.
  • the ammonium salt used in S31 is one of ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
  • the alkali solution used in S32 is one of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
  • the acid solution used in S33 is dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • the manganese salt solution used is one of manganese nitrate or manganese acetate.
  • the preparation method of the modified honeycomb activated carbon comprises the following steps:
  • the honeycomb activated carbon body is placed in an 800W microwave oven for a fixed period of 10 minutes with medium and low heat, then placed in an oven and dried at 60-80 ° C for 48 hours to obtain a honeycomb.
  • Activated carbon blank
  • the honeycomb activated carbon body is placed in a muffle furnace, and is kept at 120 to 140 ° C for 2 hours, and then calcined at 200 ° C for 6 hours to restore the activated carbon microporous structure to obtain a target honeycomb activated carbon.
  • the raw materials used include powdered activated carbon, manganese salt solution, and one or more of phenolic resin, attapulgite, methyl cellulose, hexamethylenetetramine, and soybean oil.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention provides a micro-positive pressure indoor air purification device, which comprises a cylindrical casing, one end of the cylindrical casing is an air inlet, and the other end is an air outlet, and the cylindrical casing is from the air inlet to the air inlet
  • the air outlet is provided with a coarse filter screen, a fan, an activated carbon module and a high-efficiency filter module.
  • the air outlet end is provided with a controller, and the controller is used for controlling the working of the fan.
  • the device has the advantages of simple installation, convenient cleaning, operation and maintenance. It is convenient and low in cost, and has no advantages such as secondary pollution; it can be widely used to protect the air quality of various limited space environments such as living rooms, dormitories and offices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a micro-positive pressure indoor air purification device installed on a wall according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of Figure 1.
  • 1 cylindrical housing; 2: air inlet; 3: screw cap; 4: coarse filter; 5: fan; 6: activated carbon module; 7: high efficiency filter module; 8: controller; Tube; 10: air outlet; 11: wall.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • multiple means two or more unless otherwise specified.
  • a micro-positive pressure indoor air purification device provided by the present invention includes a cylindrical casing 1 having one end of the tubular casing 1 as an air inlet 2 and the other end thereof.
  • the cylindrical casing 1 is provided with a coarse filter 4, a fan 5, an activated carbon module 6 and a high-efficiency filter module 7 from the air inlet 2 to the air outlet 10, and different modules can be implemented according to actual conditions.
  • the combination of the different modules can be pushed and unloaded, the outlet 10 end is provided with a controller 8, the controller 8 is used to control the operation of the fan 5; the outdoor air is blasted into the cylindrical shell by the fan 5 after coarse filtration body 1, using the modified activated carbon material removal of volatile organic compounds, SO 2, NO x and other pollutants in the gas phase, after high efficiency filter material into the interior; the purified outdoor air into the room, the air flow direction in FIG. 1 As indicated by the arrow, the indoor air is cleaned to maintain a certain micro-positive pressure inside the room, to maintain indoor air circulation, and to prevent outdoor pollution gas from being poured. It is characterized by high efficiency, energy saving and easy installation.
  • the end of the air outlet 10 is sleeved with a cap 3, and the gap between the cylindrical casing 1 and the wall 11 is sealed by the cap 3, and the cap 3 is provided with a central through hole, and the cap 3 is provided.
  • a card slot is disposed on the outer side, and the controller 8 is disposed in the card slot to facilitate the fixing of the controller 8.
  • the coarse filter screen 4 is composed of a filter screen and a metal frame, and can filter larger particles.
  • the coarse filter screen 4 and the fan 5 are A positioning sleeve 9 is arranged between the activated carbon module 6 and the high-efficiency filter module 7, and the outer wall of the positioning sleeve 9 is adapted to the inner wall of the cylindrical casing 1.
  • the number and length of the positioning sleeves 9 can be adjusted according to actual conditions such as the thickness of the wall 11.
  • the cylindrical casing 1 may have a diameter of 50-100 mm; a plurality of different size purification devices may be used as needed to be dispersedly arranged on the outer wall of the hall or the room; the fan 5 is preferably an axial fan.
  • the activated carbon module 6 is composed of modified fiber activated carbon or modified honeycomb activated carbon;
  • the high-efficiency filter module 7 is provided with ultra-fine glass fiber paper as a filter material, offset paper, aluminum film and the like as a split plate, and a wooden frame The aluminum alloy is glued together; when used for a period of time, the cap 3 can be unscrewed, the activated carbon module 6 and the high-efficiency filter module 7 are taken out for cleaning, and after being dried, it can be refilled into the cylindrical casing 1 and repeatedly used.
  • the present invention also provides a method for performing air purification using the micro-positive pressure indoor air purification device described above, which comprises the following steps:
  • the hole is dispersed in the wall 11 of the hall or the room, and the micro-positive pressure indoor air purifying device faces the wall according to the air inlet 2, and the air outlet 10 is installed in each of the holes in a one-to-one correspondence with the room.
  • the outdoor fresh air enters the room through three stages of coarse filtration, activated carbon adsorption treatment and high-efficiency filtration, and the coarse filter screen 4 is composed of a filter screen and a metal frame, and can filter larger particles;
  • a sealing gasket may be disposed at the contact end of the cap 3 and the wall, and the sealing cap 3 is tightened to press the sealing gasket against the wall of the wall 11 to form a better sealing effect;
  • the controller 8 can receive the instruction sent by the remote mobile terminal, and perform corresponding operations.
  • the control fan 5 is started, and the outdoor gas passes through the coarse filter 4, the activated carbon module 6 and the high efficiency filter module 7 in sequence. After purging, it is blasted into the room to form a gas stream of micro-positive pressure inside the chamber;
  • the method for preparing the modified fibrous activated carbon comprises the following steps:
  • the raw material fiber is impregnated with the ammonium salt solution for 6 hours, drained, dried, heated to 400-500 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and subjected to semi-carbonization treatment;
  • the semi-carbonized fiber is impregnated with an alkali solution for 6 hours, drained, dried, heated to 800-900 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and simultaneously carbonized and activated;
  • the fiber after the simultaneous carbonization activation is first immersed in the acid solution for 1 hour, then washed with distilled water until neutral, drained, and then immersed in the manganese salt solution for 3 hours, and vacuum-screwed at 60-80 ° C to remove excess water, at 90 It is dried at -120 ° C for 12 to 24 hours, and heated to 400 to 600 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere to carry out calcination treatment to obtain a target fibrous activated carbon.
  • the ammonium salt used in S31 may be one of ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
  • the alkali solution used in S32 is one of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide;
  • the acid solution used in S33 is thin.
  • One of hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid, and the manganese salt solution used is one of manganese nitrate or manganese acetate.
  • the preparation method of the modified honeycomb activated carbon comprises the following steps:
  • the honeycomb activated carbon body is placed in a 800W microwave oven for a fixed period of 10 minutes, and then placed in an oven, dried at 60-80 ° C for 48 hours to obtain a honeycomb activated carbon body;
  • the honeycomb activated carbon body is placed in a muffle furnace, and is kept at 120 to 140 ° C for 2 hours, and then calcined at 200 ° C for 6 hours to restore the activated carbon microporous structure to obtain a target honeycomb activated carbon.
  • the raw materials used may include powdered activated carbon, manganese salt solution, and one or more of phenolic resin, attapulgite, methyl cellulose, hexamethylenetetramine, and soybean oil.
  • the modified activated carbon fiber is selected as the activated carbon module 6, and each module is positioned by using the positioning sleeve 9.
  • the air purifying device is turned on, and when the temperature is lower than 25 ⁇ g/m3, the Air purification unit.
  • the air purification device shown in Figure 2 is used in the three-bedroom living room and master bedroom; the room is unmanned during the day, and it is fully enclosed, and the personnel activity time is relatively fixed; the outdoor air is slightly polluted during the implementation period.
  • the modified honeycomb activated carbon is selected as the activated carbon module 6, and the modules are positioned by the positioning sleeve 9.
  • the remote control of the mobile phone client is used to open the air purifying device in the living room and the master bedroom 2 hours before entering the living room.
  • the present invention can blast the purified outdoor air into the room, clean the indoor air, maintain a certain micro-positive pressure in the room, maintain indoor air circulation, and prevent outdoor pollution gas from being poured, which is efficient, energy-saving and convenient.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)

Abstract

一种微正压式室内空气净化装置，包括筒形壳体（1），筒形壳体（1）的一端为进风口（2），另一端为出风口（10），筒形壳体（1）内从进风口（2）到出风口（10）依次设有粗滤网（4）、风机（5）、活性炭模块（6）和高效过滤模块（7），出风口（10）端设有控制器（8），控制器（8）用于控制风机（5）工作；另外还涉及一种利用该空气净化装置进行空气净化的方法。

Description

一种微正压式室内空气净化装置及空气净化方法 技术领域
本发明涉及室内空气净化技术领域，特别是涉及一种微正压式室内空气净化装置及空气净化方法。
背景技术
室内空气质量对人们的身心健康和生活、工作质量具有重要影响，空气净化器是实现室内空气净化的常用方式。目前市面上的空气净化器通常利用内循环净化室内空气污染，但是这一通风方式无法引入新鲜空气，降低CO2(二氧化碳)含量和增加O2(氧气)含量，不能满足实际需求。新风系统可以将室外空气送入或吸入到室内，满足人体对新鲜氧气浓度的需求。但是，新风系统的运行效果在很大程度上依赖于室外空气质量。近年来，我国雾霾天气频发，并且往往伴随有高浓度的挥发性有机物、SO2(二氧化硫)、NOx(氮氧化物)等气相污染物。现有的新风系统往往没有过滤功能，或仅有粗过滤系统，对于空气中的细颗粒物、以及上述气相污染物并无去除效果。CN103673117A公开了一种具有净化颗粒物与有害气体功能的新风系统，可以高效的去除新风中所含的细颗粒物以及有害有毒气体，并且能够提供负离子。但是这一系统一方面忽略了室外空气及负离子发生装置产生的臭氧，低浓度的臭氧可以有效地杀菌消毒和去除异味，但是其强氧化性同样会对人体呼吸系统造成强烈的刺激和损伤。因此，必须有效控制室内臭氧的浓度。另一方面，实际应用中的新风系统多为户式中央系统，需要众多的分支管道，不仅使得风阻增大，浪费能源，还必须利用天花吊顶来隐藏分支管道，安装不便，十分占用空间。此外，负压式户式中央新风系统造成的室内负压环境会影响人体健康，且容易引起室外的污染空气倒灌。
现有技术(CN104406243A、CN101380482)公开了带新风换气功能的空气净化机，可根据室内实时情况进行新风通道和室内循环通道的切换，通过在新风通道设置过滤组件实现PM2.5的去除，一定程度上实现了新风系统的分散化。此空气净化机存在的缺陷是：仅考虑了PM2.5的去除，忽略了室内外空气中挥发性有机物、SO2、NOx等气相污染物。此外，以上公开的几种空气净化机体积均较大，结构复杂，成本较高因此尚未进行实际应用。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是如何将净化后的室外空气鼓入室内，洁净室内空气，维持室内一定的微正压，保持室内空气流通，防止室外污染气体倒灌。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种微正压式室内空气净化装置，其包括筒形壳体，所述筒形壳体的一端为进风口，其另一端为出风口，所述筒形壳体内从进风口到出风口依次设有粗滤网、风机、活性炭模块和高效过滤模块，所述出风口端设有控制器，所述控制器用于控制所述风机工作。
其中，所述出风口端套设有旋帽，所述旋帽设有中心通孔，所述旋帽外侧设有卡槽，所述控制器设在所述卡槽中。
其中，所述粗滤网、风机、活性炭模块和高效过滤模块两两之间设有定位套筒，所述定位套筒的外壁与所述筒形壳体的内壁相适应。
其中，所述筒形壳体的直径为50-100mm；所述风机为轴流风机。
其中，所述活性炭模块由改性纤维活性炭或改性蜂窝活性炭构成；所述高效过滤模块设有超细玻璃纤维纸作为滤料。
本发明还提供一种利用上述所述的微正压式室内空气净化装置进行空气净化的方法，其包括如下步骤：
S1、在墙体上分散打孔，并将所述微正压式室内空气净化装置按照进风口朝向墙外，出风口朝向室内一一对应安装在各个所述孔中；
S2、在旋帽与墙壁接触端设置密封垫圈，旋紧旋帽将所述密封垫圈压紧在墙体的墙壁上；
S3、打开控制器，控制风机启动，室外气体依次经过粗滤网、活性炭模块和高效过滤模块净化后鼓入室内，在室内形成微正压的气流。
S3中，所述改性纤维活性炭的制备方法包括如下步骤：
S31，将原料纤维用铵盐溶液浸渍6小时，沥干水分，烘干，在氮气氛围中加热至400～500℃，并进行半碳化处理；
S32，半碳化处理后的纤维用碱溶液浸渍6小时，沥干水分，烘干，在氮气氛围中加热至800～900℃，同步进行碳化活化；
S33，同步碳化活化后的纤维先浸渍酸溶液1小时，再用蒸馏水洗涤至中性，沥干，再用锰盐溶液浸渍3小时，在60～80℃真空旋蒸，除去多余水分，在90～120℃干燥12～24小时，在氮气氛围中加热至400～600℃进行焙烧处理，得到目标纤维活性炭。
其中，S31中所用铵盐为氯化铵、磷酸铵或磷酸二氢铵中的一种；S32中所用碱溶液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的一种；S33中所用酸溶液为稀盐酸或稀硫酸中的一种，所用锰盐溶液为硝酸锰或醋酸锰中的一种。
其中，S3中，所述改性蜂窝活性炭的制备方法包括如下步骤：
S31，利用混捏机将全部原料混合均匀，形成泥料；
S32，将混捏好的泥料置于练泥机中真空练泥，得到水分均匀分布的塑性泥段；
S33，将塑性泥段填满液压挤出机加料筒中，在12～14MPa压力下挤出物料，得到蜂窝活性炭坯体；
S34，将蜂窝活性炭坯体置于800W微波炉中用中低火进行定形处理10分钟，然后置于烘箱中，在60～80℃干燥48小时，得到蜂窝 活性炭坯体；
S35，将蜂窝活性炭坯体置于马弗炉中，在120～140℃保温2小时，之后在200℃温度下焙烧6小时，恢复活性炭微孔结构，得到目标蜂窝活性炭。
其中，S31中，所用原料包括粉末活性炭、锰盐溶液，以及酚醛树脂、凹土、甲基纤维素、六次亚甲基四胺和豆油中的一种或多种。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
本发明提供的一种微正压式室内空气净化装置，包括筒形壳体，所述筒形壳体的一端为进风口，其另一端为出风口，所述筒形壳体内从进风口到出风口依次设有粗滤网、风机、活性炭模块和高效过滤模块，所述出风口端设有控制器，所述控制器用于控制所述风机工作，该装置具有安装简易，清理方便，运行维护方便且费用低，不存在二次污染等优点；可广泛用以保障居室、宿舍、办公室等各类有限空间环境的空气质量。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种微正压式室内空气净化装置安装在墙体上的结构示意图；
图2为图1的轴向剖视图。
图中：1：筒形壳体；2：进风口；3：旋帽；4：粗滤网；5：风机；6：活性炭模块；7：高效过滤模块；8：控制器；9：定位套筒；10：出风口；11：墙体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位 或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”、“多根”、“多组”的含义是两个或两个以上。
如图1和图2所示，为本发明提供的一种微正压式室内空气净化装置，其包括筒形壳体1，所述筒形壳体1的一端为进风口2，其另一端为出风口10，所述筒形壳体1内从进风口2到出风口10依次设有粗滤网4、风机5、活性炭模块6和高效过滤模块7，也可根据实际情况，进行不同模块的组合，不同模块均可推拉装卸，所述出风口10端设有控制器8，所述控制器8用于控制所述风机5工作；室外空气经粗滤后由风机5鼓入筒形壳体1内，利用改性活性炭材料去除挥发性有机物、SO2、NOx等气相污染物，之后经过高效过滤材料进入室内；将净化后的室外空气鼓入室内，空气流动方向如图1中的箭头所示，洁净室内空气，维持室内一定的微正压，保持室内空气流通，防止室外污染气体倒灌，具有高效、节能、便于安装等特点。
其中，所述出风口10端套设有旋帽3，利用旋帽3密封筒形壳体1与墙体11之间的间隙，所述旋帽3设有中心通孔，所述旋帽3外侧设有卡槽，所述控制器8设在所述卡槽中，以方便所述控制器8固定。
所述粗滤网4由滤丝网和金属框架组成，可过滤较大颗粒，为了保证各个部件位置相对稳定，不会出现窜动，所述粗滤网4、风机5、 活性炭模块6和高效过滤模块7两两之间设有定位套筒9，所述定位套筒9的外壁与所述筒形壳体1的内壁相适应。可根据实际情况例如墙体11的厚度对定位套筒9的数量和长度进行调节。
其中，所述筒形壳体1的直径可以为50-100mm；可根据需要配套使用多个不同尺寸的净化装置，分散布置在厅或房的外墙；所述风机5优选为轴流风机。
其中，所述活性炭模块6由改性纤维活性炭或改性蜂窝活性炭构成；所述高效过滤模块7设有超细玻璃纤维纸作为滤料，胶版纸、铝膜等材料作分割板，与木框铝合金胶合而成；当使用一段时间后可以拧开旋帽3，取出活性炭模块6和高效过滤模块7进行清洗，晾干后可以再次装入筒形壳体1内重复多次使用。
本发明还提供了一种利用上述所述的微正压式室内空气净化装置进行空气净化的方法，其包括如下步骤：
S1、在厅或房的墙体11上分散打孔，并将所述微正压式室内空气净化装置按照进风口2朝向墙外，出风口10朝向室内一一对应安装在各个所述孔中，室外新风通过粗过滤、活性炭吸附处理、高效过滤三个阶段，进入室内，所述粗滤网4由滤丝网和金属框架组成，可过滤较大颗粒；
S2、在旋帽3与墙壁接触端可以设置密封垫圈，旋紧旋帽3将所述密封垫圈压紧在墙体11的墙壁上，以形成较好的密封效果；
S3、所述控制器8可以接收远程移动端发出的指令，进行相应的操作，当打开控制器8时，控制风机5启动，室外气体依次经过粗滤网4、活性炭模块6和高效过滤模块7净化后鼓入室内，在室内形成微正压的气流；
S3中，所述改性纤维活性炭的制备方法包括如下步骤：
S31，将原料纤维用铵盐溶液浸渍6小时，沥干水分，烘干，在氮气氛围中加热至400～500℃，并进行半碳化处理；
S32，半碳化处理后的纤维用碱溶液浸渍6小时，沥干水分，烘干，在氮气氛围中加热至800～900℃，同步进行碳化活化；
S33，同步碳化活化后的纤维先浸渍酸溶液1小时，再用蒸馏水洗涤至中性，沥干，再用锰盐溶液浸渍3小时，在60～80℃真空旋蒸，除去多余水分，在90～120℃干燥12～24小时，在氮气氛围中加热至400～600℃进行焙烧处理，得到目标纤维活性炭。
其中，S31中所用铵盐可以为氯化铵、磷酸铵或磷酸二氢铵中的一种；S32中所用碱溶液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的一种；S33中所用酸溶液为稀盐酸或稀硫酸中的一种，所用锰盐溶液为硝酸锰或醋酸锰中的一种。
其中，S3中，所述改性蜂窝活性炭的制备方法包括如下步骤：
S31，利用混捏机将全部原料混合均匀，形成泥料；
S32，将混捏好的泥料置于练泥机中真空练泥，得到水分均匀分布的塑性泥段；
S33，将塑性泥段填满液压挤出机加料筒中，在12～14MPa压力下挤出物料，得到蜂窝活性炭坯体；
S34，将蜂窝活性炭坯体置于800W微波炉中用中低火进行定形处理10分钟，然后置于烘箱中，在60～80℃干燥48小时，得到蜂窝活性炭坯体；
S35，将蜂窝活性炭坯体置于马弗炉中，在120～140℃保温2小时，之后在200℃温度下焙烧6小时，恢复活性炭微孔结构，得到目标蜂窝活性炭。
其中，S31中，所用原料可以包括粉末活性炭、锰盐溶液，以及酚醛树脂、凹土、甲基纤维素、六次亚甲基四胺和豆油中的一种或多种。
实施例1
在学生宿舍中使用如图2所示的空气净化装置：学生宿舍封闭性 较好，空气流通性差，人员密集且停留时间长；实施期间室外雾霾严重，污染物主要为颗粒物和挥发性有机物。本实施例中，选用改性活性炭纤维作为活性炭模块6，各模块之间利用定位套筒9定位设置，当室内颗粒物浓度高于150μg/m3开启该空气净化装置，当低于25μg/m3关闭该空气净化装置。
实施例2
在三居室的客厅和主卧中使用如图2所示的空气净化装置；居室白天无人，属于全封闭状态，人员活动时间较为固定；实施期间室外空气轻度污染。本实施例中，选用改性蜂窝活性炭作为活性炭模块6，各模块之间利用定位套筒9定位，利用手机客户端远程控制，在进入居室前2小时开启客厅和主卧中的空气净化装置。
由以上实施例可以看出，本发明能够将净化后的室外空气鼓入室内，洁净室内空气，维持室内一定的微正压，保持室内空气流通，防止室外污染气体倒灌，具有高效、节能、便于安装等特点。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种微正压式室内空气净化装置，其特征在于，包括筒形壳体，所述筒形壳体的一端为进风口，其另一端为出风口，所述筒形壳体内从进风口到出风口依次设有粗滤网、风机、活性炭模块和高效过滤模块，所述出风口端设有控制器，所述控制器用于控制所述风机工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微正压式室内空气净化装置，其特征在于，所述出风口端套设有旋帽，所述旋帽设有中心通孔，所述旋帽外侧设有卡槽，所述控制器设在所述卡槽中。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的微正压式室内空气净化装置，其特征在于，所述粗滤网、风机、活性炭模块和高效过滤模块两两之间设有定位套筒，所述定位套筒的外壁与所述筒形壳体的内壁相适应。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的微正压式室内空气净化装置，其特征在于，所述筒形壳体的直径为50-100mm；所述风机为轴流风机。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的微正压式室内空气净化装置，其特征在于，所述活性炭模块由改性纤维活性炭或改性蜂窝活性炭构成；所述高效过滤模块设有超细玻璃纤维纸作为滤料。
  6. 一种利用如权利要求1-5任一项所述的微正压式室内空气净化装置进行空气净化的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1、在墙体上分散打孔，并将所述微正压式室内空气净化装置按照进风口朝向墙外，出风口朝向室内一一对应安装在各个所述孔中；
    S2、在旋帽与墙壁接触端设置密封垫圈，旋紧旋帽将所述密封垫圈压紧在墙体的墙壁上；
    S3、打开控制器，控制风机启动，室外气体依次经过粗滤网、活性炭模块和高效过滤模块净化后鼓入室内，在室内形成微正压的气流。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的空气净化方法，其特征在于，S3中，所述改性纤维活性炭的制备方法包括如下步骤：
    S31，将原料纤维用铵盐溶液浸渍6小时，沥干水分，烘干，在 氮气氛围中加热至400～500℃，并进行半碳化处理；
    S32，半碳化处理后的纤维用碱溶液浸渍6小时，沥干水分，烘干，在氮气氛围中加热至800～900℃，同步进行碳化活化；
    S33，同步碳化活化后的纤维先浸渍酸溶液1小时，再用蒸馏水洗涤至中性，沥干，再用锰盐溶液浸渍3小时，在60～80℃真空旋蒸，除去多余水分，在90～120℃干燥12～24小时，在氮气氛围中加热至400～600℃进行焙烧处理，得到目标纤维活性炭。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的空气净化方法，其特征在于，S31中所用铵盐为氯化铵、磷酸铵或磷酸二氢铵中的一种；S32中所用碱溶液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的一种；S33中所用酸溶液为稀盐酸或稀硫酸中的一种，所用锰盐溶液为硝酸锰或醋酸锰中的一种。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的空气净化方法，其特征在于，S3中，所述改性蜂窝活性炭的制备方法包括如下步骤：
    S31，利用混捏机将全部原料混合均匀，形成泥料；
    S32，将混捏好的泥料置于练泥机中真空练泥，得到水分均匀分布的塑性泥段；
    S33，将塑性泥段填满液压挤出机加料筒中，在12～14MPa压力下挤出物料，得到蜂窝活性炭坯体；
    S34，将蜂窝活性炭坯体置于800W微波炉中用中低火进行定形处理10分钟，然后置于烘箱中，在60～80℃干燥48小时，得到蜂窝活性炭坯体；
    S35，将蜂窝活性炭坯体置于马弗炉中，在120～140℃保温2小时，之后在200℃温度下焙烧6小时，恢复活性炭微孔结构，得到目标蜂窝活性炭。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的空气净化方法，其特征在于，S31中，所用原料包括粉末活性炭、锰盐溶液，以及酚醛树脂、凹土、甲基纤维素、六次亚甲基四胺和豆油中的一种或多种。
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