WO2017086903A1 - Liaisons par fibre optique analogique haute fréquence rf utilisant un traitement de signaux optiques - Google Patents

Liaisons par fibre optique analogique haute fréquence rf utilisant un traitement de signaux optiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017086903A1
WO2017086903A1 PCT/US2015/057990 US2015057990W WO2017086903A1 WO 2017086903 A1 WO2017086903 A1 WO 2017086903A1 US 2015057990 W US2015057990 W US 2015057990W WO 2017086903 A1 WO2017086903 A1 WO 2017086903A1
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Prior art keywords
optical
providing
signal
carrier
photodetector
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PCT/US2015/057990
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English (en)
Inventor
Suwat Thaniyavarn
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Eospace Inc.
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Application filed by Eospace Inc. filed Critical Eospace Inc.
Priority to EP15793984.4A priority Critical patent/EP3378174A1/fr
Priority to JP2016544122A priority patent/JP2019501542A/ja
Priority to CN201580073152.7A priority patent/CN107408984A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2015/057990 priority patent/WO2017086903A1/fr
Publication of WO2017086903A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017086903A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25758—Optical arrangements for wireless networks between a central unit and a single remote unit by means of an optical fibre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/671—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal
    • H04B10/675—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal for controlling the optical bandwidth of the input signal, e.g. spectral filtering

Definitions

  • This invention is an extension of the invention by the same inventor, described in U.S. Patent No. 7,660,491, by Suwat Thaniyavarn, issued to EOSpace Inc. on February 9, 2010).
  • An analog RF fiber-optic link offers potential for enormous bandwidth, transmission- length independent loss and wideband RF-photonic signal processing.
  • current fiber-optic link performance must be significantly improved, particularly for very-high mm-wave frequencies.
  • optical modulators used for converting RF electrical signals into optical signals for signal transmission via optical fibers
  • photodetectors used to convert the transmitted optical signals via optical fibers back to RF signals at the receivers
  • photodetectors capable of very high RF frequency operation are typically very small in size, which is necessary for higher frequency operation, and therefore are only capable of very limited optical power handling.
  • the invention provides improved analog RF Fiber-optic link
  • This invention describes techniques to achieve a high-RF-frequency fiber-optic link with simultaneous and dramatic performance improvement, including RF gain, low noise figure (NF) and high spurious free dynamic range (SFDR), by solving the optical component limitations stated in the background.
  • Such fiber-optic link implementations described in this invention can significantly alter the current high frequency RF signal distribution system architecture itself, without having to down-convert the RF signals at the antenna site.
  • This invention offers a viable solution for high performance fiber-optic transmission of high frequency RF signal for the first time.
  • the basic implementation of these RF Fiber-optic links includes an optical laser source, optical modulator, photodetector, and a combination of optical filters.
  • a cw-laser with low-RIN noise, high-power, high-coherent, narrow-line width is used as the optical power source.
  • the photodetector should be capable of high RF frequency operation.
  • the wideband optical modulator is a phase modulator (such as those based on broadband electro-optic travel-wave LiNbC>3 waveguide modulators). Optical power from the laser source is transmitted to the modulator.
  • phase modulator Electrical (high frequency RF) signal is fed to the phase modulator and is converted into phase-modulated optical signal and transmitted via optical fiber to the photodetector through a set of optical filters.
  • the set of optical filters includes a combination of optical filters whose transfer function can be reconfigured to perform specific optical signal processing functions on the modulated optical signal before the optical signal is converted back to electrical signal at the photodetector.
  • One of the optical filter implementations is the reconfigurable optical delay-line interferometric type filters.
  • the basic filter system ( Figure 1) has two reconfigurable optical filters connected in series.
  • the first filter (A) is reconfigured to mainly attenuate only the optical power of the carrier by a certain amount, and with minimum effect on the modulation sideband signals.
  • a second dual-output optical delay-line filter (Filter B in Fig. 1) is used to "demodulate" the carrier-only attenuated phase-modulated signal, converting it back to an intensity modulated RF signal at the photodetector.
  • optical "carrier-only" attenuation technique allows the use of a higher power laser source without saturating/damaging the photodetector, by only attenuating the "DC" power component, namely the carrier to the level that is safe for the photodetector. Since the optical power at the photodetector is dominated by the carrier signal due to a typical small RF modulation depth, it is the carrier power that can saturate or damage the photodetector. By using a higher power source, the modulating signal sidebands are also higher, but without being attenuated, resulting in a much larger link gain at the photodetector.
  • both the carrier and modulation sideband signals will increase by +10dB.
  • the photodetector will see the same optical carrier as before, when a lower power laser source was used.
  • the power levels of the modulation sideband signals, not being attenuated are increased by lOdB. This leads to a lOdB increase in the overall link gain.
  • This new fiber-optic link using higher-power laser source and a carrier-only filter has a 10 times link gain as compared to a conventional fiber-optic link using a lower laser power using the same
  • this is equivalent to boosting the modulation voltage efficiency by a factor of square-root 10, using a lower optical power source.
  • implementations are particularly useful and most suitable for extremely-high RF (10 to >100GHz) frequency signal transmission, with much higher performance level than conventional approaches, by solving the key fundamental issues that limit the performance of analog fiber-optic links for these high RF frequency signal transmission.
  • This invention describes techniques using optical filters and optical signal processing concepts to solve these fundamental optical component limitation issues, resulting in analog fiber-optic links with extremely high performance level, including high link gain, low noise figure and high spur-free dynamic range at the same time for these extremely high RF frequency signal transmission.
  • the invention utilizes an optical modulator and multiple-staged optical filters with high-power laser source.
  • the simplest form of optical filters for these applications can be formed using optical delay-line type filters, which can be made using low-loss optical fiber, and/or optical waveguide circuits on transparent material such as silica, polymer or electro-optic material such as Lithium Niobate substrates. Incorporation of voltage-tunable optical waveguide elements on electro-optic substrates allows flexibility in achieving voltage-tunable
  • Analog Fiber optic links a phase modulator, a high power laser, high frequency photodetector and a combination of optical filters.
  • the first filter is set to perform carrier-only attenuation of the phase modulator optical frequency spectrum (without affecting the modulation sidebands) in the optical frequency domain, followed by an optical filter used to demodulate the carrier- attenuated phase-modulated signal into intensity modulated signal at the photodetector.
  • Reconfigurable dual-staged optical delay-line filter fabricated on low-loss electro-optic substrate such as LiNbC>3 perform the filter functions.
  • the basic proposed fiber-optic link shown schematically in Figure 1 uses high-power laser source and a carrier-only optical filter, a phase modulator, another optical filter for phase demodulation and a photodetector.
  • optical power from the laser is filtered-out and discarded.
  • FIG. 6 and 7 Another implementation shown schematically in Figures 6 and 7 reuses the filtered-out optical power. Instead of wasting the optical carrier power that is filtered out, the filtered-out carrier power is fed back to the laser, forming a new laser cavity configuration with the laser element, phase modulator and optical filter inside the new laser cavity. This new implementation eliminates wasting optical power and increases the overall "wall-plug" power consumption savings and efficiency of the system.
  • FIG. 8 Another implementation shown schematically in Figure 8 is suitable to achieve an even higher RF signal gain in a narrowband frequency range, by using an additional optical delay-line with an appropriate length and a polarization multiplexer to combine the two complementary signals from the two outputs into one photodetector.
  • an additional optical delay-line with an appropriate length and a polarization multiplexer to combine the two complementary signals from the two outputs into one photodetector.
  • complementary outputs are available.
  • a single fiber and a single photodetector rather than dual fibers and balanced detector pair are preferred for transmitting of the RF modulated optical signal.
  • the two optical signals from the two output ports with orthogonal polarization can be combined with a polarization multiplexer and sent to the photodetector.
  • the two polarization light signals are converted to RF signals independently at the photodetector.
  • a proper setting of the differential delay for example lOps for RF signals centered at 50GHz, so that the previously complementary (out-of -phase) RF signals from the two ports are now in-phase at the photodetector, essentially doubling the RF output of the photodetector.
  • This implementation is useful to enhance RF link gain by synchronizing the RF phases of the two signals at the photodetector in a narrowbandwidth range with a single fiber and a single photodetector.
  • FIG. 9 Another alternate implementation shown schematically in Figure 9 is suitable to achieve a higher RF signal gain in a narrowband frequency range, by using an additional optical delay-line with an appropriate length and a coherent combiner to combine the two complementary signals from the two outputs into one photodetector. With an appropriate time delay and optical phase adjustment, the two optical signals are combined coherently (both optical and RF phases) into one photodetector.
  • the same implementations to achieve a higher RF signal gain in narrow frequency band by using an additional optical delay-line and optical multiplexers polarization multiplexers shown in Figure 10 and coherent combiners shown in Figure 11
  • a wide band phase modulator is used with a high power laser carrier to convert a high-frequency RF signal to a phase-modulated optical signal. Higher optical power from the laser to the modulator produces larger RF signal sidebands from a given RF input.
  • a carrier attenuation filter attenuates the carrier and passes the attenuated carrier and non-attenuated RF modulation sidebands. Carrier attenuation leaves the larger RF signal sidebands.
  • a demodulation filter is used with a photodetector or a balanced photodetector pair to convert the
  • Carrier-only attenuation allows high power laser use, avoids photodetector damage or saturation, and provides increased RF link gain, low noise figure (NF) and high spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). Filtered-out carrier power can be fed back to the laser source to increase to overall system efficiency.
  • An additional optical delay filter with dual outputs used with a polarization multiplexer or a coherent combiner coupler combines signal power to a single photodetector to further increase electro-optic signal conversion efficiency.
  • Figure 1 shows a system which transmits laser carrier frequency to a remote site and the bias-free phase modulator at the antenna remote site modulates the laser carrier frequency with RF signal from the antenna, and returns the modulated signal through a carrier attenuation filter and a demodulation filter to photodetectors.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows basic operations of the fiber-optic links with optical frequency spectrums at various stages.
  • Figure 3 shows calculated link gain, low noise figure (NF) and high spurious free dynamic range (SFDR).
  • NF low noise figure
  • SFDR high spurious free dynamic range
  • Figure 4 shows links using parallel sets of filters and receivers for broader bandwidth coverage.
  • Figure 5 shows high-speed reconfigurable optical filter; fabricated on electro-optic substrate such as LiNbC>3 for extremely high (10 - >100GHz) RF frequency.
  • Figure 6 schematically shows using a dual-output optical delay-line filter; the filtered-out carrier power is fed back to the laser in form of a new laser cavity.
  • Figure 7 schematically shows and example using a narrowline
  • reflection-type optical filter such as optical grating
  • Figure 8 schematically shows an example with additional optical delay-lines and a polarization multiplexer used to increase link gain of a phase modulator with a dual complementary-output filter using single output fiber and a single photodetector.
  • Figure 9 schematically shows an example having additional optical delay-lines and a coherent combiner used to increase link gain of a phase modulator with a dual complementary-output filter using a single output fiber and a single photodetector.
  • Figure 10 schematically shows example additional optical delay-lines and an optical multiplexer used to increase link gain of a 1x2 dual-output
  • Mach-Zehnder Intensity modulator using a single output fiber and a single photodetector.
  • Figure 11 schematically shows example additional optical delay-lines and a coherent combiner used to increase link gain of a 1x2 dual-output Mach-Zehnder Intensity modulator using a single output fiber and a single photodetector.
  • a basic filter system 1 has two reconfigurable optical filters 2 connected in series.
  • the first filter A is reconfigured to mainly attenuate only the optical power of the carrier by a certain amount, and minimum effect on the modulation sideband signals.
  • the first filter's optical frequency transmission spectrum is set to be symmetric around the optical carrier in the optical frequency domain.
  • the period of the delay-line filter should be set for maximum transmission of the modulation sideband frequencies.
  • a variety of other optical filters can be used for this task, including narrowband Fabry-Perot, fiber grating and etc. that attenuate only the carrier signal power.
  • the second filter B is used to demodulate the phase modulated signal and to provide results to balanced photodetectors 3.
  • High power laser source 4 provides laser carrier power over the first of optical fibers 5 to a remote site to where a bias free phase modulator 7 uses RF signals from antenna 8 to phase modulate the laser carrier.
  • the modulated signal is returned over the second optical fiber to the carrier attenuation filter A. The result is a link gain low noise figure and high spurious free dynamic range.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows basic operations of the fiber-optic links with optical frequency spectrums at various stages.
  • Carrier- attenuation techniques have not been used previously for phase-modulated links.
  • an addition optical filter has to be included.
  • a second dual-output optical delay-line filter is used to demodulate the carrier-only attenuated phase-modulated signal, converting it back to an intensity modulated RF signal at the photodetector.
  • optical frequency spectrum shows only a single optical carrier frequency spectrum ⁇ 14.
  • the optical frequency spectrum 13 of a phase modulated optical signal shows the carrier signal 14 as well as the RF-modulation sidebands 15.
  • the modulation sideband power levels are small as compared to the carrier power level. This is to maintain modulator's linearity, and also is due to poorer modulation efficiency at high RF frequencies.
  • This phase-modulated optical signal 13 is then passed through the first "carrier-only attenuation" reconfigurable filter 22, whose frequency transmission spectrum 21 is configured to be symmetrically around the carrier frequency, as seen in the illustration, which attenuates the carrier 14 by a certain amount (for example, at 10-20dB range), while providing full transmission for the RF modulation sideband signals 15. Mainly only the carrier frequency 14 is filtered out. Thus, the modulation sidebands in signal 23 remain largely unaffected.
  • the amount of carrier-only attenuation level should be set so that the overall optical power ultimately received by the photodetector 26 at the end of the line is limited to below the level that damages, saturates or degrades the linearity and performance of the photodetector.
  • the optical frequency spectrum 23 after the carrier-only attenuation filter is shown with much less carrier signal 14.
  • the ratio of the modulating sidebands 15 to the carrier increases as compared to using a lower power laser source without a carrier-only attenuation filter.
  • This carrier-attenuated optical signal 23 is sent to the second optical filter 24, whose frequency transmission spectrum is set asymmetrically around the carrier frequency to convert the optical phase modulation signal 25 to intensity modulation single or balanced photodetector pair at the photodetector 26.
  • Figure 3 shows the broadband simultaneous achievement of RF link gain, low noise figure (NF) and enhanced spurious free dynamic range (SFDR).
  • NF low noise figure
  • SFDR enhanced spurious free dynamic range
  • the signal gain 30 is calculated as an RF link gain of this type of analog fiber-optic link.
  • NF noise figure
  • SFDR spurious free dynamic range
  • a laser source 33 with -160dB/Hz RIN noise and a balanced photodetector (RIN-noise suppression) is shown in Figure 3, as a function of high RF frequency from dc-160GHz.
  • the combined carrier- filtered phase modulation approach allows unprecedented RF link gain improvements of -20-30 dB 34, 35 as compared to current conventional MZM 26 (Mach-Zehnder intensity modulation based) fiber-optic links at extremely high RF frequencies 37.
  • Figure 4 shows links using parallel sets of filters and receivers for broader bandwidth coverage.
  • This proposed carrier- filtered phase-modulated fiber-optic link is broadband (multi-octave), with no second order intermod distortion.
  • This optical technique is scalable to any RF frequency by simply changing the period of the delay-line filter. The higher the RF frequency, the more compact and lower-loss is the reconfigurable optical filter component.
  • the phase-modulated optical signal 41 can be split into multiple parallel receivers 46 simultaneously, with optical filters 45, 46, 47 with band-center set for 25-125GHz, 5-25GHz, and 1-5 GHz as shown in Figure 4. Higher performance can be achieved
  • Figure 5 shows high-speed reconfigurable optical filter fabricated on an electro-optic substrate such as LiNbC>3 for extremely high (10 - >100GHz) RF frequency.
  • High-speed, reconfigurable optical filters 50 based on LiNbC>3 waveguide delay-line circuits can be used for optical signal processing at extremely-high RF frequencies without the need for high-speed electronics.
  • this filter component is actually more compact and lower loss for higher RF frequencies, as thus is scalable to >100GHz operation.
  • Figure 6 schematically shows using a dual-output optical delay-line filter.
  • the filtered-out carrier power is fed back to the laser in form of a new laser cavity.
  • the invention can feed back this carrier power 62 back 64 to the laser source 10 as shown schematically in the Figure 5 using an optical delay-line filter 22 with dual-output ports 65, 66.
  • the filtered-out carrier power 62 that exits from one of the output ports 65 of optical delay carrier-only attenuation filter 22 can be fed back 63 to the laser - forming a new laser cavity configuration with the laser element, phase modulator and optical filter inside 22 the new laser cavity 10. This development can eliminate wasting optical power and increase the overall "wall-plug" efficiency of the system.
  • Figure 7 schematically shows using a narrowline reflection-type optical filter, such as optical grating.
  • the unneeded excess optical carrier power is fed back to the laser, forming of a new laser cavity.
  • the invention can feed back this carrier power back to the laser source 10 as shown schematically in the Figure 7 using a carrier-only reflection type filter such as an optical grating filter 72.
  • the optical feedback to the laser means a new laser cavity configuration with the laser element 10, phase modulator 12 and optical filter 72 inside the new laser cavity 70.
  • Figure 8 schematically shows an additional optical delay-line and polarization multiplexer used to increase link gain, using single output fiber and a single photodetector.
  • an additional optical delay-line 82 with proper delay time and a polarization multiplexer 84 can be used to further enhance the link gain, as shown schematically in Figure 8.
  • complementary outputs 83 are available, as shown.
  • a single fiber and a single photodetector 86 rather than dual fibers and balanced detector pair, are preferred for transmitting the RF modulated optical signal.
  • the two optical signals from the two output ports with orthogonal polarization can be combined with a polarization multiplexer 84 and sent to the photodetector 86.
  • the two polarization light signals are converted to RF signals independently at the photodetector.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows additional optical delay-line and coherent combiner 94, used to increase link gain using single output fiber 95 and a single photodetector 96.
  • an additional optical delay-line with proper delay time and a coherent optical combiner 94 with optical phase adjustment can be used to enhance the link gain, as shown schematically in Figure 9. Both optical and microwave phases are tuned to align in-phase at the photodetector 96. The optical signals add coherently, leading to a larger increase in the RF signal output 99.
  • Figures 9 and 10 schematically show a dual complementary modulator 110, additional optical delay-lines 112, 113 and optical multiplexer 84 or a coherent combiner coupler 94 that are used to increase link gain, using a single output fiber and a single photodetector.
  • optical delay-lines 112, 113 and optical multiplexer as shown in Figure 10 or a coherent combiner coupler 94 as shown in Figure 11 to enhance RF fiber-optic link performance can also be applied to a standard intensity modulated link using a dual complementary-output modulator 110 as illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 for transmission of
  • narrowband RF signals 111 narrowband RF signals 111.

Abstract

Selon l'invention, des modulateurs de phase à large bande utilisés avec des porteuses laser haute puissance convertissent des signaux RF haute fréquence en des signaux optiques modulés en phase. Une puissance optique laser supérieure envoyée au modulateur produit des bandes latérales de signal RF plus larges. Un filtre d'atténuation de porteuse laisse passer la porteuse affaiblie et des bandes latérales de modulation RF non affaiblies. L'affaiblissement de porteuse ne touche pas les bandes latérales de signal RF plus larges. Un filtre de démodulation utilisé avec un photodétecteur ou une paire de photodétecteurs équilibrée reconvertit le signal optique modulé en phase en un signal électrique. L'affaiblissement de porteuse uniquement permet l'utilisation d'un laser haute puissance, évite l'endommagement ou la saturation d'un photodétecteur, améliore le gain d'une liaison RF, et fournit un faible facteur de bruit (NF) et une plage dynamique sans parasites (SFDR) étendue. Le renvoi d'une puissance de porteuse filtrée à la source laser augmente l'efficacité globale du système. Un filtre à retard optique supplémentaire pourvu de sorties doubles, utilisé avec un multiplexeur de polarisation ou un coupleur de combineur cohérent combine la puissance du signal à un photodétecteur unique pour augmenter encore l'efficacité de conversion des signaux électro-optiques.
PCT/US2015/057990 2015-11-16 2015-11-16 Liaisons par fibre optique analogique haute fréquence rf utilisant un traitement de signaux optiques WO2017086903A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15793984.4A EP3378174A1 (fr) 2015-11-16 2015-11-16 Liaisons par fibre optique analogique haute fréquence rf utilisant un traitement de signaux optiques
JP2016544122A JP2019501542A (ja) 2015-11-16 2015-11-16 光信号処理を用いた高ｒｆ周波数アナログ光ファイバリンク
CN201580073152.7A CN107408984A (zh) 2015-11-16 2015-11-16 利用光信号处理的高‑射频‑频率模拟光纤链路
PCT/US2015/057990 WO2017086903A1 (fr) 2015-11-16 2015-11-16 Liaisons par fibre optique analogique haute fréquence rf utilisant un traitement de signaux optiques

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CN111693133A (zh) * 2020-06-24 2020-09-22 中国电子产品可靠性与环境试验研究所（（工业和信息化部电子第五研究所）（中国赛宝实验室）） 光纤水听器光程差测试装置、方法、计算机设备
CN111693133B (zh) * 2020-06-24 2022-04-15 中国电子产品可靠性与环境试验研究所（（工业和信息化部电子第五研究所）（中国赛宝实验室）） 光纤水听器光程差测试装置、方法、计算机设备
CN114024613A (zh) * 2021-10-21 2022-02-08 西北工业大学 一种偏振复用的高线性度全双工光载射频链路装置及方法
CN114024613B (zh) * 2021-10-21 2024-02-02 西北工业大学 一种偏振复用的高线性度全双工光载射频链路装置及方法

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