WO2017085242A1 - Dispositif de chauffage à induction pour un substrat de formation d'aérosol - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage à induction pour un substrat de formation d'aérosol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017085242A1
WO2017085242A1 PCT/EP2016/078111 EP2016078111W WO2017085242A1 WO 2017085242 A1 WO2017085242 A1 WO 2017085242A1 EP 2016078111 W EP2016078111 W EP 2016078111W WO 2017085242 A1 WO2017085242 A1 WO 2017085242A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aerosol
forming substrate
susceptor
inductive heating
heating device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/078111
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dominique BERNAUER
Original Assignee
Philip Morris Products S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philip Morris Products S.A. filed Critical Philip Morris Products S.A.
Publication of WO2017085242A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017085242A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/46—Shape or structure of electric heating means
    • A24F40/465—Shape or structure of electric heating means specially adapted for induction heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/20—Devices using solid inhalable precursors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
    • H05B2206/02—Induction heating
    • H05B2206/023—Induction heating using the curie point of the material in which heating current is being generated to control the heating temperature

Definitions

  • Inductive heating device for heating an aerosol-forming substrate
  • the present invention relates to an inductive heating device for heating an aerosol-forming substrate.
  • Previously known conventional smoking articles for example cigarettes, deliver flavor and aroma to the user as a result of a combustion process.
  • a mass of combustible material primarily tobacco, is combusted and an adjacent portion of material is pyrolized as the result of applied heat drawn therethrough, with typical combustion temperatures being in excess of 800°C during puffing.
  • typical combustion temperatures being in excess of 800°C during puffing.
  • inefficient oxidation of the combustible material takes place and yields various distillation and pyrolysis products. As these products are drawn through the body of the smoking article towards the mouth of the user, they cool and condense to form an aerosol or vapor which gives the consumer the flavor and aroma associated with smoking.
  • a prior alternative to the conventional smoking articles include those in which the combustible material itself does not directly provide the flavorants to the aerosol inhaled by the consumer.
  • a combustible heating element typically carbonaceous in nature, is combusted to heat air as it is drawn over the heating element and through a zone which contains heat- activated elements that release the flavored aerosol.
  • Yet another alternative to the conventional smoking articles comprises an aerosol-forming tobacco-laden solid substrate comprising a magnetically permeable and electrically conductive susceptor which is arranged in thermal proximity to the aerosol-forming tobacco-laden substrate.
  • the susceptor of the tobacco-laden substrate is exposed to an alternating magnetic field generated by an induction source, so that an alternating magnetic field is induced in the susceptor.
  • This induced alternating magnetic field generates heat in the susceptor, and at least some of this heat generated in the susceptor is transferred from the susceptor to the aerosol-forming substrate arranged in thermal proximity to the susceptor to produce the aerosol and evolve the desired flavor.
  • an induction heating device for aerosol-forming substrates including a susceptor, more particularly for solid aerosol-forming substrates including a susceptor, for example solid aerosol-forming substrates of an aerosol-forming article.
  • the induction heating device shall be capable of operating without the need to be connected to an external power supply.
  • the device shall be small in overall size and easy to use, so that it is attractive to users.
  • the device shall allow for rapid generation of the required heat in the susceptor, which can then be transferred to the aerosol-forming substrate in order to produce the aerosol to allow a user to draw the aerosol on demand .
  • an inductive heating device for heating an aerosol-forming substrate comprising a susceptor is suggested, in particular for heating a solid aerosol-forming substrate of an aerosol- forming article.
  • the inductive heating device according to the invention comprises:
  • the power supply electronics configured to operate at high frequency
  • the power supply electronics comprising a DC/AC inverter connected to the DC power source, the DC/AC inverter comprising a Class-E power amplifier comprising a transistor switch, a transistor switch driver circuit, and an LC circuit configured to operate at low ohmic load, wherein the LC circuit consists of a series connection of a single inductor and a single capacitor, and
  • the cavity having an internal surface shaped to accommodate at least a portion of the aerosol-forming substrate, the cavity being arranged such that upon accommodation of the portion of the aerosol- forming substrate in the cavity the single inductor of the LC circuit is inductively coupled to the susceptor of the aerosol-forming substrate during operation.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate is preferably a substrate capable of releasing volatile compounds that can form an aerosol.
  • the volatile compounds are released by heating the aerosol-forming substrate.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate is preferably solid.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise nicotine.
  • the nicotine containing aerosol-forming substrate may be a nicotine salt matrix.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise plant-based material.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise tobacco, and preferably the tobacco containing material contains volatile tobacco flavor compounds, which are released from the aerosol-forming substrate upon heating.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise homogenized tobacco material.
  • Homogenized tobacco material may be formed by agglomerating particulate tobacco.
  • the homogenized tobacco material may have an aerosol-former content of equal to or greater than 5% on a dry weight basis, and preferably between greater than 5% and 30% by weight on a dry weight basis.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may alternatively comprise a non-tobacco-containing material.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise homogenized plant-based material.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise at least one aerosol-former.
  • the aerosol-former may be any suitable known compound or mixture of compounds that, in use, facilitates formation of a dense and stable aerosol and that is substantially resistant to thermal degradation at the operating temperature of the aerosol-generating device.
  • Suitable aerosol-formers are well known in the art and include, but are not limited to: polyhydric alcohols, such as triethylene glycol, 1 , 3-butanediol and glycerine; esters of polyhydric alcohols, such as glycerol mono-, di- or triacetate; and aliphatic esters of mono-, di- or polycarboxylic acids, such as dimethyl dodecanedioate and dimethyl tetradecanedioate.
  • Particularly preferred aerosol formers are polyhydric alcohols or mixtures thereof, such as triethylene glycol, 1 , 3-butanediol and, most preferred, glycerine.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise other additives and ingredients, such as flavorants.
  • the aerosol- forming substrate preferably comprises nicotine and at least one aerosol-former. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the aerosol-former is glycerine.
  • the DC power source generally may comprise any suitable DC power source including in particular a power supply unit to be connected to the mains, one or more single- use batteries, rechargeable batteries, or any other suitable DC power source capable of providing the required DC supply voltage and the required DC supply amperage.
  • the DC supply voltage of the DC power source is in the range of about 2.5 Volts to about 4.5 Volts and the DC supply amperage is in the range of about 1 to about 10 Amperes (corresponding to a DC supply power in the range of about 2.5 Watts and about 45 Watts) .
  • the DC power source comprises rechargeable batteries.
  • batteries are generally available and have an acceptable overall volume of between approximately 1.2-3.5 cubic centimeters.
  • Such batteries may have a substantially cylindrical or rectangular solid shape.
  • the power supply electronics is configured to operate at high frequency.
  • high frequency is to be understood to denote a frequency ranging from about 1 Megahertz (MHz) to about 30 Megahertz (MHz) (including the range of 1 MHz to 30 MHz), in particular from about 6 MHz to about 8 MHz (including the range of 6 MHz to 8 MHz) .
  • the power supply electronics comprises a DC/AC inverter connected to the DC power source.
  • the DC/AC inverter comprises a Class-E power amplifier comprising a transistor switch, a transistor switch driver circuit, and an LC circuit that consists of a single inductor coil and a single capacitor.
  • the afore-mentioned small number of components allows for keeping the volume of the Class-E power amplifier extremely small, thus allowing to keep the overall volume of the inductive heating device very small.
  • Class-E power amplifiers are generally known and are described in detail, for example, in the article "Class-E RF Power Amplifiers", Nathan 0. Sokal, published in the bimonthly magazine QEX, edition January/February 2001, pages 9-20, of the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) , Newington, CT, U.S.A..
  • Class-E power amplifiers are advantageous as regards operation at high frequencies while at the same time having a simple circuit structure comprising a minimum number of components (e.g. only one transistor switch needed, which is advantageous over Class-D power amplifiers which comprise two transistor switches that must be controlled at high frequency in a manner so as to make sure that one of the two transistors has been switched off at the time the other of the two transistors is switched on) .
  • Class-E power amplifiers are known for minimum power dissipation in the switching transistor during the switching transitions.
  • the Class-E power amplifier is a single-ended first order Class-E power amplifier having a single transistor switch only.
  • the transistor switch of the Class-E power amplifier can be any type of transistor and may be embodied as a bipolar- junction transistor (BJT) . More preferably, however, the transistor switch is embodied as a field effect transistor (FET) such as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) or a metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) .
  • FET field effect transistor
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor
  • MEFET metal-semiconductor field effect transistor
  • the LC circuit of the Class-E power amplifier of the induction heating device is configured to operate at low ohmic load.
  • the term "low ohmic load” is to be understood to denote an ohmic load smaller than about 2 Ohms.
  • the LC circuit consists of a series connection of a single inductor and a single capacitor.
  • the ohmic resistance of the inductor is typically a few tenths of an Ohm only.
  • the ohmic resistance of the susceptor adds to the ohmic resistance of the inductor and should be higher than the ohmic resistance of the inductor, since the supplied electrical power should be converted to heat in the susceptor to as high an extent as possible in order to increase efficiency of the power amplifier and to allow transfer of as much heat as possible from the susceptor to the rest of the aerosol-forming substrate to effectively produce the aerosol.
  • a susceptor is a conductor which is capable of being inductively heated. "Thermal proximity" means that the susceptor is positioned relative to the rest of the aerosol- forming substrate such that an adequate amount of heat is transferred from the susceptor to the rest of the aerosol- forming substrate to produce the aerosol.
  • the susceptor is not only magnetically permeable but also electrically conductive (it is a conductor, see above) , a current known as eddy current is produced in the susceptor and flows in the susceptor according to Ohm's law.
  • the susceptor should have low electrical resistivity p to increase Joule heat dissipation.
  • the frequency of the alternating eddy current must be considered because of the skin effect (more than 98% of the electrical current flow within a layer four times the skin depth ⁇ from the outer surface of the conductor) .
  • ⁇ ⁇ denotes the relative magnetic permeability of the
  • p denotes the electrical resistivity of the material of the susceptor .
  • the power loss P e generated by the eddy current is calculated by the formula
  • I denotes the amperage (rms) of the eddy current
  • R s denotes the electrical resistance of the susceptor (see above)
  • the frequency of the alternating eddy current (and correspondingly of the alternating magnetic field inducing the eddy current in the susceptor) cannot be arbitrarily increased, since the skin depth ⁇ decreases as the frequency of the eddy current (or of the alternating magnetic field inducing the eddy current in the susceptor) increases, so that above a certain cut-off frequency no eddy currents can be generated in the susceptor anymore since the skin depth is too small to allow eddy currents to be generated.
  • Increasing the amperage (rms) requires an alternating magnetic field having a high magnetic flux density and thus requires voluminous induction sources (inductors) .
  • V denotes the volume of the susceptor
  • W H denotes the work required to magnetize the susceptor
  • the maximum possible amount of W H depends on material properties of the susceptor (saturation remanence B R , coercivity H c ) , and the actual amount of W H depends on the actual magnetization B-H loop induced in the susceptor by the alternating magnetic field, and this actual magnetization B-H loop depends on the magnitude of the magnetic excitation.
  • This heat generation is caused by dynamic losses of the magnetic domains in the magnetically permeable susceptor material when the susceptor is subjected to an alternating external magnetic field, and these dynamic losses also generally increase as the frequency of the alternating magnetic field increases.
  • a cavity is arranged in the device housing.
  • the cavity has an internal surface shaped to accommodate at least a portion of the aerosol-forming substrate.
  • the cavity is arranged such that upon accommodation of the portion of the aerosol-forming substrate in the cavity the single inductor of the LC circuit is (at least partly) inductively coupled to the susceptor of the aerosol-forming substrate during operation.
  • the single inductor of the LC circuit of the Class-E power amplifier is used to heat the susceptor through magnetic induction. This eliminates the need for additional components such as matching networks for matching the output impedance of the Class-E power amplifier to the load.
  • the inductive heating device provides for a small and easy to handle, efficient, clean and robust heating device due to the contactless heating of the substrate.
  • susceptors forming low ohmic loads as specified above while having a resistance significantly higher than the ohmic resistance of the inductor of the LC circuit it is thus possible to reach temperatures of the susceptor in the range of 350-400 degrees Celsius in five seconds only or in a time interval which is even less than five seconds, while at the same time the temperature of the inductor is low (due to a vast majority of the power being converted to heat in the susceptor) .
  • the device is configured for heating an aerosol-forming substrate of an aerosol-forming article.
  • the device is configured for heating a tobacco-laden solid aerosol-forming substrate of an aerosol-forming article.
  • the total volume of the power supply electronics is equal to or smaller than 2 cm 3 . This allows for an arrangement of the batteries, the power supply electronics and the cavity in a device housing having an overall small size which is convenient and easy to handle .
  • the single inductor of the LC load network comprises a helically wound cylindrical inductor coil having an oblong shape and defining an inner volume in the range of about 0.5 mm 3 and about 2 cm 3 .
  • the inductor may not be embodied as a helically wound coil but may simply be embodied as a clamp (e.g. U-shaped, representing one half winding of a coil), as long as the alternating magnetic field induced in the susceptor generates sufficient heat in the susceptor due to the afore-described hysteresis and eddy current losses.
  • a clamp e.g. U-shaped, representing one half winding of a coil
  • the inner diameter of the helically wound cylindrical inductor coil may be between about 5 mm and about 10 mm, and may preferably be about 7 mm, and the length of the helically wound cylindrical inductor coil may be between about 8 mm and about 14 mm.
  • the diameter or the thickness of the coil wire may be between about 0.5 mm and about 1 mm, depending on whether a coil wire with a circular cross-section or a coil wire with a flat rectangular cross-section is used.
  • the helically wound inductor coil is positioned on or adjacent the internal surface of the cavity.
  • a helically wound cylindrical inductor coil positioned on or adjacent the internal surface of the cavity allows to further minimize the size of the device.
  • the LC circuit is configured such that for a predetermined switching frequency of the transistor switch driver circuit the resonance frequency of the LC circuit is in the range of one times to two times the predetermined switching frequency of the transistor switch driver circuit. Or to say it the other way round, the LC circuit is configured such that the predetermined switching frequency of the transistor switch driver circuit is in the range of 0.5 times to one times the resonance frequency of the LC circuit.
  • the power supply electronics is configured to operate at high frequency (i.e.
  • the high operating frequency cannot be arbitrarily increased since above a certain cut-off frequency no eddy currents may be produced in the susceptor anymore due to a decrease of the skin depth with increasing frequency.
  • the single inductor and the single capacitor must be dimensioned to have a well-defined inductance and a well-defined capacitance, respectively.
  • the switching frequency of the transistor switch driver circuit is selected from the range of 1 MHz to 30 MHz (the operating frequency of the power supply electronics), for example 8 MHz, then it is possible to dimension the inductance of the single inductor and the capacitance of the single capacitor such, that that the LC circuit may have a resonance frequency of 12 MHz, for example, while at the same time allowing these components (the inductor and the capacitor) to be reliably and inexpensively manufactured (for example, the inductance of the single inductor can be about 20 nH and the capacitance of the single capacitor can be about 10 nF) .
  • the inductance of the inductor and the capacitance of the capacitor may vary to some extent due to manufacturing tolerances, such manufacturing tolerances do not affect the operation of the power supply electronics.
  • the switching frequency (clock frequency) of the transistor switch driver circuit is not highly accurate and may vary to some extent such variations of the switching frequency do not affect the operation of the power supply electronics, either, so that there is no need for a highly accurate switching frequency. This reduces the expense for manufacturing the transistor switch driver circuit.
  • the transistor is always switched from a non- conductive state to a conductive state at a time when the voltage at the capacitor is either zero or is a very small inverse voltage only (something about 0.6 Volts or even lower) due to the "reverse diode" effect between Drain and Source of the FET, and is always switched from the conductive state to the non-conductive state at a time when there is practically no forward voltage at the capacitor (due to the transistor being conductive at the time of switching it to the non-conductive state) so that either no power or only little power is dissipated in the transistor. And this is advantageous, as the object to be achieved is to dissipate as much power as possible in the susceptor in order to most effectively heat the susceptor.
  • the device housing has a substantially cylindrical shape with the cavity being arranged at the proximal end of the device housing and with the DC power source being arranged at the distal end of the device housing.
  • the power supply electronics is arranged between the DC power source and the cavity. This allows for a space-saving and aesthetically pleasing arrangement of all components of the inductive heating device in a small and easy to handle device housing.
  • the DC power source comprises a rechargeable DC battery. This allows for recharging the batteries, preferably through a connection to the mains via a charging device comprising an AC/DC converter.
  • the power supply electronics further comprises a microcontroller which is programmed to interrupt generation of AC power by the DC/AC inverter as the temperature of the susceptor of the aerosol- forming substrate has exceeded a Curie temperature of the susceptor during operation, and which is programmed to resume generation of AC power as the temperature of the susceptor has cooled down below this Curie temperature again.
  • a microcontroller which is programmed to interrupt generation of AC power by the DC/AC inverter as the temperature of the susceptor of the aerosol- forming substrate has exceeded a Curie temperature of the susceptor during operation, and which is programmed to resume generation of AC power as the temperature of the susceptor has cooled down below this Curie temperature again.
  • the Curie temperature should correspond to a maximum temperature the susceptor should have (that is to say the Curie temperature is identical with the maximum temperature to which the susceptor should be heated or deviates from this maximum temperature by about l%-3%. As the temperature of the susceptor exceeds the Curie temperature of this single material, the ferromagnetic properties of the susceptor are no longer present and the susceptor is paramagnetic only.
  • the materials of the susceptor can be optimized with respect to further aspects.
  • the materials can be selected such that a first material of the susceptor may have a Curie temperature which is above the maximum temperature to which the susceptor should be heated.
  • This first material of the susceptor may then be optimized, for example, with respect to maximum heat generation and transfer to the rest of the aerosol-forming substrate to provide for an efficient heating of the susceptor on one hand, however, the susceptor then additionally may comprise a second material having a Curie temperature which corresponds to the maximum temperature to which the susceptor should be heated, and once the susceptor reaches this Curie temperature the magnetic properties of the susceptor as a whole change. This change can be detected and communicated to the microcontroller which then interrupts the generation of AC power until the temperature has cooled down below this Curie temperature again, whereupon AC power generation can be resumed .
  • an inductive heating system comprising an inductive heating device according to anyone of the embodiments described above and an aerosol-forming substrate comprising a susceptor. At least a portion of the aerosol-forming substrate is accommodated in the cavity of the inductive heating device such that the single inductor of the LC circuit of the DC/AC inverter of the inductive heating device is inductively coupled to the susceptor of the aerosol-forming substrate during operation.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may be an aerosol-forming substrate of an aerosol- forming article.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may be a tobacco-laden solid aerosol-forming substrate.
  • kits comprising an inductive heating device in accordance with any of the afore-described embodiments and an aerosol-forming substrate comprising a susceptor.
  • the inductive heating device and the aerosol-forming substrate are configured such that in operation at least a portion of the aerosol-forming substrate is accommodated in the cavity of the inductive heating device such that the single inductor of the LC circuit of the DC/AC inverter of the inductive heating device is inductively coupled to the susceptor of the aerosol- forming substrate.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate and the inductive heating device can be provided separately, they can also be provided in the form of a kit of parts.
  • a starter kit may comprise the inductive heating device and a plurality of aerosol-forming substrates while in addition only aerosol-forming substrates are provided, so that once the consumer has obtained an inductive heating device in the starter kit and has consumed the aerosol-forming substrates contained in the starter kit, the consumer is only in need of additional aerosol-forming substrates.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate may be an aerosol-forming substrate of an aerosol-forming article, and in particular the aerosol-forming substrate of the aerosol-forming article may be a tobacco-laden solid aerosol-forming substrate.
  • Still a further aspect of the invention relates to a method of operating an inductive heating system. The method comprises the steps of:
  • the power supply electronics comprising a DC/AC inverter connected to the DC power source, the DC/AC inverter comprising a Class-E power amplifier comprising a transistor switch, a transistor switch driver circuit, and an LC circuit configured to operate at low ohmic load, wherein the LC circuit consists of a series connection of a single inductor and a single capacitor,
  • a cavity capable of accommodating at least a portion of an aerosol-forming substrate, the cavity being arranged such that upon accommodation of the portion of the aerosol-forming substrate in the cavity the single inductor of the LC circuit is inductively coupled to the susceptor of the aerosol-forming substrate, and
  • the DC power source is a rechargeable battery and the method further comprises the step of charging the rechargeable battery prior to inserting the portion of the aerosol-forming substrate into the cavity.
  • the device can be used (after charging of the batteries) without a connection to the mains or to another external power source being necessary.
  • the rechargeable battery can be easily recharged again, so that it is not necessary to carry any single-use replacement batteries along. If the battery charge is low, the rechargeable battery can be simply recharged and the device is ready for use again.
  • rechargeable batteries are friendly to the environment since there are no single-use batteries that must be properly disposed of.
  • Fig. 1 shows the general heating principle underlying the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the inductive heating device and system according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the inductive heating device with the essential components arranged in a device housing
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of essential components of the power electronics of the inductive heating device according to the invention (without matching network)
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the inductor of the LC load network in form of a helically wound cylindrical inductor coil having an oblong shape
  • Fig. 6 shows a detail of the LC load network comprising the inductance and ohmic resistance of the coil, and in addition shows the ohmic resistance of the load.
  • Fig. 1 the general heating principle underlying the instant invention is schematically illustrated.
  • Schematically shown in Fig. 1 are a helically wound cylindrical inductor coil representing the single inductor LI, this helically wound inductor coil having an oblong shape and defining an inner volume in which there is arranged a portion or all of an aerosol-forming substrate 20 of an aerosol-forming article 2, the aerosol-forming substrate comprising a susceptor 21.
  • the aerosol-forming article 2 comprising the aerosol-forming substrate 20 with the susceptor 21 is schematically represented in the enlarged cross-sectional detail shown separately on the right hand side of Fig. 1.
  • the aerosol-forming substrate 20 of the aerosol- forming article 2 may be a tobacco-laden solid substrate, however, without being limited thereto.
  • the magnetic field within the inner volume of the inductor coil representing the single inductor LI is indicated schematically by a number of magnetic field lines B L at one specific moment in time, since the magnetic field generated by the alternating current i L i flowing through the inductor coil is an alternating magnetic field of the frequency of the alternating current ILI which may be in the range of about 1 MHz to about 30 MHz (including the range of 1 MHz to 30 MHz), and may in particular be in the range of about 6 MHz to about 8 MHz (including the range of 6 MHz to 8 MHz), and may for example be 8 MHz.
  • the two main mechanisms responsible for generating heat in the susceptor 21, the power losses P e caused by eddy currents (closed circle representing the eddy currents) and the power losses P h caused by hysteresis (closed hysteresis curve representing the hysteresis) are also schematically indicated in Fig. 1. With respect to these mechanisms it is referred to the more detailed discussion of these mechanisms above .
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an inductive heating device 1 according to the invention.
  • the inductive heating device 1 comprises a device housing 10 which can be made of plastic and a DC power source 11 (see Fig. 2) comprising a rechargeable battery 110.
  • Inductive heating device 1 further comprises a docking port 12 comprising a pin 120 for docking the inductive heating device to a charging station or charging device for recharging the rechargeable battery 110.
  • inductive heating device 1 comprises a power supply electronics 13 which is configured to operate at the desired frequency, for example at a frequency of 8 MHz as mentioned above.
  • Power supply electronics 13 is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery 110 through a suitable electrical connection 130.
  • the power supply electronics 13 comprises additional components which cannot be seen in Fig.
  • Inductor LI may be embodied as a helically wound cylindrical inductor coil having an oblong shape, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the helically wound cylindrical inductor coil LI may have a radius r in the range of about 5 mm to about 10 mm, and in particular the radius r may be about 7 mm.
  • the length 1 of the helically wound cylindrical inductor coil may be in the range of about 8 mm to about 14 mm.
  • the inner volume may be in the range of about 0.5 cm 3 to about 2 cm 3 .
  • the tobacco-laden solid aerosol- forming substrate 20 comprising susceptor 21 is accommodated in cavity 14 at the proximal end of the device housing 10 such that during operation the inductor LI (the helically wound cylindrical inductor coil) is inductively coupled to susceptor 21 of the tobacco-laden solid aerosol-forming substrate 20 of aerosol-forming article 2.
  • a filter portion 22 of the aerosol-forming article 2 may be arranged outside the cavity 14 of the inductive heating device 1 so that during operation the consumer may draw the aerosol through the filter portion 22.
  • the cavity 14 can be easily cleaned since except for the open distal end through which the aerosol-forming substrate 20 of the aerosol-forming article 2 is to be inserted the cavity is fully closed and surrounded by those inner walls of the plastic device housing 10 defining the cavity 14.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the inductive heating device 1 according to the invention, however, with some optional aspects or components as will be discussed below.
  • Inductive heating device 1 together with the aerosol-forming substrate 20 including the susceptor 21 forms an embodiment of the inductive heating system according to the invention.
  • the block diagram shown in Fig. 2 is an illustration taking the manner of operation into account.
  • the inductive heating device 1 comprises a DC power source 11 (in Fig. 3 comprising the rechargeable battery 110), a microprocessor control unit 131 and a DC/AC inverter 132.
  • Microprocessor control unit 131 and DC/AC inverter 132 are part of the power supply electronics 13 (see Fig. 1) .
  • a feed-back channel 134 is provided for providing feed-back signals indicating the voltage and current through inductor LI allowing to control the further supply of power. For example, in case the temperature of the susceptor exceeds a desired temperature (Curie temperature of the susceptor) , a corresponding signal may be generated interrupting the supply of power until the temperature of the susceptor is again below the desired temperature whereupon the supply of power may be resumed. Correspondingly, it is possible to control the frequency of the switching voltage for optimal transfer of power to the susceptor.
  • Fig. 4 shows some essential components of the power supply electronics 13, more particularly of the DC/AC inverter 132.
  • the DC/AC inverter includes a Class-E power amplifier including a transistor switch 1320 comprising a Field Effect Transistor (FET) 1321, for example a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) , a transistor switch supply circuit indicated by the arrow 1322 for supplying the switching signal (gate-source voltage) to the FET 1321, and an LC circuit consisting of a series connection of a single inductor LI and a single capacitor CI.
  • FET Field Effect Transistor
  • MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
  • a DC supply voltage V cc is shown which either may be directly provided by the DC power source 11 or which may be obtained through step-up conversion of the voltage provided by the DC power source 11.
  • the ohmic resistance R representing the total ohmic load 1324 which is the sum of the ohmic resistance R Co ii of the single inductor LI (which is very low) and the ohmic resistance R Load of the susceptor 21 (which is also low in terms of absolute values but is considerably higher than the ohmic resistance R-coii ) as this is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the volume of the power supply electronics 13 can be kept extremely small.
  • the volume of the power supply electronics may be equal to or smaller than 2 cm 3 .
  • This extremely small volume of the power supply electronics is possible due to the single inductor LI of the LC circuit 1323 being directly used as the inductor for the inductive coupling to the susceptor 21 of aerosol-forming substrate 20, and this small volume allows to keep the overall dimensions of the entire inductive heating device 1 very small.
  • a separate inductor other than the inductor LI is used for the inductive coupling to the susceptor 21, this would automatically increase the volume of the power supply electronics, this volume being also increased if a matching network would have to be included in the power supply electronics .
  • the current ILI through the single inductor LI is high (the energy is stored in the magnetic field of the inductor) while at same time the voltage at the single capacitor CI is practically zero, since the voltage potential at the drain of FET 1321 is practically ground potential (practically corres- ponding to the voltage potential at the source of FET 1321 due to FET 1321 being conductive), so that there is no electrical energy stored in the single capacitor CI which can be dissipated through the conductive FET 1321.
  • FET 1321 is switched to the non-conductive state (the switching of FET 1321 occurs very fast) , the LC circuit is activated.
  • the amplitude of the (high) forward current ILI cannot imme ⁇ diately change, however, on the other hand the forward current i L i can no longer flow through FET 1321 (as FET 1321 is now non-conductive) but rather the forward current ILI now flows into the single capacitor CI and charges the single capacitor CI.
  • the forward current ILI decreases while the (forward) voltage at the single capacitor CI increases until the (forward) voltage at the single capacitor CI is V cc .
  • the current ILI through the single inductor LI is zero, the single capacitor CI is charged, and the energy is now stored in the electrical field of the single capacitor CI.
  • the single capacitor CI starts to discharge again and the current i L i flows back in the reverse direction through the low ohmic resistance R (thus heating the susceptor) and into the single inductor LI. During that time the (forward) voltage at the single capacitor CI decreases until it is zero again. At the time the voltage at the single capacitor CI is zero again the reverse current i L i through the single inductor LI is at its maximum (the energy is again stored in the magnetic field of the single inductor) . The voltage at the single capacitor CI now starts to become negative while at the same time the absolute value of the reversely flowing current ILI decreases again while still flowing in the reverse direction.
  • the (reversely flowing) current i L i cannot immediately change so that it continues to flow in the reverse direction through the reverse diode of FET 1321 but linearly increases (i.e. the absolute value of the reversely flowing current linearly decreases) until it is zero again. As long as the current i L i still flows in the reverse direction, the reverse current i L i continues to flow through the reverse diode of FET 1321. During this period in which the reverse voltage at the single capacitor CI has an absolute value of about 0.6 Volts (so that the single capacitor CI is essentially not charged) and in which the current i L i flows in reverse direction, FET 1321 can be conveniently switched again to the conductive state.
  • the time period during which the reverse voltage at the single capacitor CI has an absolute value of about 0.6 Volts is conveniently long to allow for reliably switching FET 1321 during that period. And even taking into account that the inductance of the single inductor LI and the capacitance of the single capacitor CI may be subject to manufacturing tolerances, so that the true resonance frequency of the LC circuit does not exactly correspond to the resonance frequency calculated from the set values for the inductance and capacitance, it is easily possible to have FET 1321 switched within the afore-describe period where the reverse voltage of an absolute value of 0.6 Volts is the voltage at capacitor CI, for example when the switching frequency f s of the transistor driver circuit 1322 is in the range of 0.5 times to one times the resonance frequency f 0 calculated from the set values for the inductance of the single inductor LI and the capacitance of the single capacitor CI .
  • the resonance frequency f 0 of the LC circuit is about 11 MHz (Megahertz) . If the switching frequency is then selected to be something like 8 MHz, then this would allow for reliably switching the FET 1321 as described above, even if the above-identified set values for the inductance and the capacitance may vary due to manufacturing tolerances.
  • the inductance can be selected in a range of a few nanonhenries to a few microhenries, while the capacitance can be selected from a range of a hundred picofarads to a hundred nanofarads, without being limited thereto.
  • the DC supply voltage may be in the range of 2.5 to 4.5 Volts, and may typically be in the range of about 3.2 to 3.6 Volts.
  • the DC amperage may be in the range of 1 to 10 Amperes. Again, all these values are by way of example only without being limited thereto.
  • the susceptor 21 can be made of a material or of a combination of materials having a Curie temperature which is close to the desired temperature to which the susceptor 21 should be heated. Once the temperature of the susceptor 21 exceeds this Curie temperature, the material changes its ferromagnetic proper ⁇ ties to paramagnetic properties. Accordingly, the energy dissipation in the susceptor 21 is significantly reduced since the hysteresis losses of the material having paramagnetic properties are much lower than those of the material having the ferromagnetic properties.
  • This reduced power dissipation in the susceptor 21 can be detected and, for example, the generation of AC power by the DC/AC inverter may then be interrupted until the susceptor 21 has cooled down below the Curie temperature again and has regained its ferromagnetic properties. Generation of AC power by the DC/AC inverter may then be resumed again.
  • the aerosol-forming article 2 is inserted into the cavity 14 (see Fig. 2) of the inductive heating device 1 such that the aerosol-forming substrate 20 comprising the susceptor 21 is inductively coupled to inductor 2 (e.g. the helically wound cylindrical coil). Susceptor 21 is then heated for a few seconds as described above, and then the consumer may begin drawing the aerosol through the filter 22 (of course, the aerosol-forming article does not necessarily have to comprise a filter 22) .
  • inductor 2 e.g. the helically wound cylindrical coil
  • the inductive heating device and the aerosol-forming articles can generally be distributed separately or as a kit of parts.
  • a so-called “starter kit” comprising the inductive heating device as well as a plurality of aerosol-forming articles.
  • starter kit comprising the inductive heating device
  • aerosol-forming articles Once the consumer has purchased such starter kit, in the future the consumer may only purchase aerosol-forming articles that can be used with this inductive heating device of the starter kit.
  • the inductive heating device is easy to clean and in case of rechargeable batteries as the DC power source, these rechargeable batteries are easy to be recharged using a suitable charging device that is to be connected to the docking port 12 comprising pin 120 (or the inductive heating device is to be docked to a corresponding docking station of a charging device) .

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage à induction (1) qui comprend : - un boîtier (10) pour le dispositif, - une source d'alimentation continue (11), - un circuit électronique d'alimentation électrique (13) comprenant un convertisseur cc/ca (132) comprenant un amplificateur de puissance de classe E avec un commutateur à transistor (1320), un circuit de commande de commutateur à transistor (1322) et un circuit LC (1323) configuré pour fonctionner avec une faible charge ohmique (1324), le circuit LC (1323) comprenant une connexion en série d'un seul inducteur (L1) et d'un seul condensateur (C1), et - une cavité (14) agencée dans le boîtier (10), la cavité (14) ayant une surface interne formée pour loger au moins une partie du substrat de formation d'aérosol (20), la cavité (14) étant agencée de sorte que le seul inducteur (L1) est couplé individuellement au suscepteur (21) du substrat de formation d'aérosol (20) durant le fonctionnement.
PCT/EP2016/078111 2015-11-19 2016-11-18 Dispositif de chauffage à induction pour un substrat de formation d'aérosol WO2017085242A1 (fr)

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