WO2017082765A1

WO2017082765A1 - Method and device for forming chaotic radio pulses

Info

Publication number: WO2017082765A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000633
Authority: WO
Inventors: Александр Сергеевич Дмитриев; Елена Валериевна ЕФРЕМОВА; Марк Юрьевич ГЕРАСИМОВ; Вадим Владимирович ИЦКОВ
Original assignee: Александр Сергеевич Дмитриев
Priority date: 2015-11-09
Filing date: 2016-09-21
Publication date: 2017-05-18
Also published as: RU2015148031A

Abstract

The invention relates to radio technology. The use thereof allows for creating effective and simple-to-use electromagnetic noise (noise-like) radiation instruments which operate in the ultra high frequency (UHF), super high frequency (SHF), extremely high frequency (EHF) or hyper-high (terahertz) frequency ranges. An instrument contains at least one source of dynamic chaos, which is capable of forming an ultra-wideband noise-like analog signal in the super high frequency range with set spectral properties, and an antenna which is connected to an output of the source of dynamic chaos. The antenna is capable of controlling the radiation directivity of the formed ultra-wideband noise-like signal and has spectral properties which are correlated to the source of dynamic chaos.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING CHAOTIC RADIO PULSES

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus for radio lighting and to a method for generating radio lighting.

By radio illumination we mean the artificially created noise (noise-like) field of broadband (ultra-wideband) incoherent in space and time radiation in ultra-high (UHF), ultra-high (UHF), extremely high (EHF) or hyperhigh (terahertz) frequency ranges.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Observations of objects using incoherent electromagnetic noise radiation in frequency ranges other than the frequencies of visible light have long and fruitfully been used, for example, in space research, when observing the Earth from space (see E. Sharkov, Radio thermal remote Earth sounding: physical foundations. In 2 volumes. T. 1. - M.: IKI RAS, 2014) and in medical diagnostics (Gulyaev Yu.V. Physical fields and human radiation. New non-invasive methods of medical diagnostics. - M. : RBOF "Knowledge" named after S. I. Vavilov, 2009 ) In this case, incoherent radiation is used that is generated by natural processes, for example, the intrinsic thermal radiation of physical bodies in the microwave range, or the scattering of microwave radiation generated by powerful natural sources (for example, the Sun). In microwave technology, two types of noise sources are used: gas discharge tubes and semiconductor RP diodes in avalanche mode. Their main parameter is the excess noise ratio (ENR), which is defined as the ratio of the generated noise power to the noise power of a resistor matched to a specific transmission line at ambient temperature and measured in dB. Gas discharge tubes have a typical ENR of 15 dB, which is approximately 30 times the thermal noise power generated by the matched resistor at an ambient temperature of 290 ° K. Thus, the tube generates noise corresponding to a temperature of about 9-10 ³ ° K. The ENR value for diode noise sources reaches 30 dB (see, for example, Noisecom Series of Noise Diodes. NC100 / 200/300 / 400http: // evitek.ru/catalog/noisecorn/istochnikishuma/shumovye-diody/seriya-sh

diodov-noisecom_16294.html), and their noise temperature has a value of about 3-10 ⁵ ° K, which corresponds to a power spectral density of p ~ 4-10 ^-9 mW / MHz (-84 dBm / MHz). The integrated power of the device in the 1000 MHz band is 4-10 ^'6 mW. A further increase in ENR can be achieved through the use of amplifiers. However, with a significant increase in the output power, a rather complicated and not cheap design is required (VA Bezrukov “Two-level noise generators of the TGN series” // Modern Electronics. 2011. 7. P. 28).

Acceptable integrated power for a separate artificial source of radio emission should be> 0.1 mW. Therefore, none of the mentioned types of noise sources can be considered as a suitable solution for radio lighting devices.

Disclosure of invention

Thus, there is a need to create effective devices for electromagnetic noise (noise-like) radiation, working in the above ranges of the frequency spectrum and capable of providing radio coverage. Such devices should be easy to operate, such as ordinary light sources such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, LED lamps, etc., so that they can be used not only in special research equipment.

To solve the problem and achieve the technical result, the first object of the present invention proposes a device for radio lighting, comprising: at least one source of dynamic chaos, configured to generate an ultra-wideband noise-like analog signal in the microwave range with specified at least least spectral properties; an antenna connected to the output of the source of dynamic chaos, configured to control the radiation directivity of the generated ultra-wideband noise-like signal and matched in its spectral characteristics to the source of dynamic chaos.

A feature of the device according to the first object of the present invention is that the source of dynamic chaos can be made with the additional possibility of changing the spectral properties of the generated signal over time.

In this case, the device may contain a modulator designed to modulate the intensity of the generated signal in time.

Another feature of the device according to the first object of the present invention is that it can further comprise a housing, inside which a source of dynamic chaos is installed, and an antenna is placed on the external surface.

Another feature of the device according to the first object of the present invention is that it may further comprise pus, inside of which there is a source of dynamic chaos and an antenna located under the radiolucent side of the hull.

In this case, the device may additionally contain installation means on the housing for fixing the device and supplying power to it.

Finally, another feature of the device according to the first object of the present invention is that the source of dynamic chaos and the antenna can be made on a flat basis, having the form of a tape or film.

To solve the same problem and achieve the same technical result, in a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for generating a radio illumination, comprising: making at least one apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention; place the manufactured devices in a given spatial volume in accordance with a predetermined pattern of their placement; supply power to the placed appliances.

A feature of the method according to the second aspect of the present invention is that at least some of the placed devices can be oriented in the direction of selected spatial volume regions.

Moreover, in the method according to the second aspect of the present invention, the spectral properties of the generated signal can be changed in accordance with a predetermined dependence selected from the group including periodic linear, periodic meander, periodic triangular, periodic parabolic, random.

Another feature of the method according to the second object of the present invention is that the spectral properties of the generated signal can be changed by modulating its intensity over time. Brief Description of the Drawings

The present invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings. In FIG. 1 shows a possible circuit diagram of the source of dynamic chaos.

In FIG. 2 shows the various characteristics of the source of dynamic chaos obtained by modeling in FIG. one.

In FIG. 3 shows an experimentally recorded power spectrum for the circuit of FIG. one.

In FIG. 4 shows the appearance of an embodiment of the radio lighting apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

As already noted above, radio illumination in this description refers to an artificially created noise or noise-like field of broadband or ultra-wideband (UHF) incoherent in space and time radiation in the ultra-high, ultra-high or even higher frequency range created using one or more sources of such radiation . Upon reaching nearby surfaces and objects, this radiation is partially absorbed in them, partially passes through them and partially reflected. Thus, in the process of its distribution, it carries information about the environment with which it interacts. In this regard, the situation is similar to the situation with ordinary visible light. The difference is that this is a different frequency range and other laws of interaction with the medium in which the radiation occurs. In addition, ordinary light is visible through the eyes, while special sensors or systems of such sensors are needed to extract information about objects located in the radio lighting (radio light) zone. On the other hand, the analogy between a radio light and ordinary light is quite deep which, since in both cases we are talking about incoherent radiation with a wide spectrum, which eliminates the effects of interference and reduces the questions of observation to an estimation of the power (and possibly spectral, as in the case of color vision) characteristics of the received signal, without taking into account phase components. The fundamental feature of radio light in relation to ordinary light is the enormous difference in the characteristic frequency range (which can reach five orders of magnitude) for light and radio light. The latter means a significantly lower potential resolution when using radio light compared to visible light. However, obviously, there are a lot of situations where it is either acceptable or not critical (see, for example, US applications Jfe 2007/0139249, publ. 21.07.2007, and 2014/0168007, publ. 06/19/2014 )

At present, there are practically no effective sources of incoherent microwave radiation that could be used for radio illumination. These should be devices that emit noise or noise-like broadband signals that are sufficiently powerful compared to thermal radiation and which in operation should be similar to ordinary light sources such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, LED lamps, etc. Otherwise, we can talk about radio lighting devices only in relation to special research equipment.

In the present invention, dynamic chaos generators are used as sources of radio emission, which can be considered as sources of noise-like analog signals in the corresponding frequency range.

These devices have come a long evolutionary path from vacuum devices using natural delay in distributed systems to semiconductor devices with distributed oscillators. systems based on microstrip lines and, further, to semiconductor devices with oscillatory systems on elements with concentrated parameters (Dmitriev A.S., Efremova E.V., Maksimov N.A., Panas A.I. chaos. - M.: Technosphere, 2012). In this case, we are talking about devices that generate chaotic signals in a given range of high or ultrahigh frequencies. A typical microwave dynamic chaos generator is implemented on the basis of a self-oscillating system with 2.5 degrees of freedom, the active element of which is a bipolar transistor (Fig. 1a). In FIG. lb shows a more detailed circuit diagram of an interface dynamic chaos generator for implementing the radio lighting apparatus of the present invention.

The mathematical model (1) of such a dynamic chaos generator is a system of 5 ordinary nonlinear differential equations of the first order:

where V _C E, BE are the collector-emitter voltages and the emitter base,

is the voltage across the capacitance C _\ I _\ , / s, h are the currents through the inductance L _\ , the inductance L ₂ , the collector C and the base B of the transistor, respectively. The structure of this self-oscillating system is such that oscillations are generated in a certain frequency band. Moreover, the generation in the required frequency band and the chaotic nature of the oscillations are ensured by the corresponding choice of the parameters of the self-oscillating system of this generator.

The dynamic chaos generator can be made on the basis of self-oscillating systems of type (1) in the form of an integrated microcircuit. TO To date, experimental samples of dynamic chaos microgenerators operate in the frequency range 3–7 GHz with an integrated radiation power of about 300 μW. In this case, silicon-germanium technology of 0.25 μm is used on a crystal area of 1.5 mm.

The radio illumination device of the present invention contains, in addition to a source (generator) of dynamic chaos, configured to generate an ultra-wideband noise-like analog signal in the microwave range with at least spectral properties specified, also an antenna connected to the output of the source of dynamic chaos. This antenna, matched in its spectral characteristics to a source of dynamic chaos, is capable of emitting an ultra-wideband noise-like signal generated by this source of dynamic chaos. The directivity of the emitted antenna signal can be controlled both statically, for example, using an antenna with a certain radiation pattern, and dynamically, for example, by using an antenna array consisting of several emitting elements as an antenna and forming it using several switched beams, as is known to specialists.

In FIG. 2 shows the calculated characteristics of the signal at the output of the dynamic chaos generator of FIG. 1: a - fragment of a temporary implementation; b is the power spectrum; c is the autocorrelation function; d — distribution of instantaneous signal values (solid line — simulation, dashed line — Gaussian distribution). In FIG. 3 shows an experimentally recorded power spectrum of a signal generated by a dynamic chaos generator according to FIG. one.

The radio lighting device of the present invention may further comprise a modulator for modulating the intensity of the signal generated by the chaos generator in time. The implementation of such a modulator (as is obvious from its purpose, amplitude) can be any, as specialists know.

The source of dynamic chaos and the antenna in the device for radio lighting of the present invention can be made on a flat basis, in the form of a tape or film. Such a base of dielectric material has printed circuit conductors deposited on it, on which circuit elements are mounted, and the material of such a base can be woven, providing flexibility to the base, which will allow placing the printed circuit on such a base in any suitable place.

In another embodiment, the radio illumination device of the present invention may comprise a housing within which a source of dynamic chaos is mounted and an antenna is located on the outer surface. Otherwise, the antenna can be placed inside the housing under its radiolucent side.

The housing may have installation means configured to fix the entire device and supply power to it. For example, it can be a threaded base, as in conventional light bulbs, or any other means - for example, a simple plug designed to be inserted into the plug.

The mention of lighting lamps in this description is by no means accidental. The fact is that LEDs with white light are close analogues of the radio illumination device of the present invention in the visible range of the eye. Just as such LEDs are effective sources of broadband incoherent radiation in the visible frequency range, the radio illumination device of the present invention containing a dynamic chaos source is an effective source of incoherent broadband radiation in the microwave frequency range. Indeed, LEDs having a white glow emit an incoherent noise signal in the wavelength band Δλ = 650 - 450 nm. In this case, the frequency band of white light from the radiophysical point of view is ultra-wide, since Af / f- Δλ / λ> 0.25, where Af is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in the radiation spectrum, and / and λ is the average frequency and average wavelength in the spectrum, respectively.

The analogy of the source (microgenerator) of dynamic chaos in its spectral characteristics with LEDs having a white glow becomes apparent when you look at the envelope of the power spectrum of the signal of the microgenerator (Fig. 2b - simulation, Fig. 3 - experiment). Such characteristics as the implementation of the process (Fig. 2a), the rapidly decaying autocorrelation function (Fig. 2c), and a close to Gaussian statistical distribution of the instantaneous signal values (Fig. 2d) also show that the generated chaotic signal has characteristics that ensure the creation of incoherent microwave illumination frequency range.

An important common property of dynamic chaos sources and LEDs is the incoherence of the generated signal. This property is fundamental for the use of sources of dynamic chaos as light sources, since it provides a uniform, without interference, illumination of the environment when using both single and multiple sources. Another important common feature of LEDs and circuits of dynamic chaos generators (chaos emitted chip - CEC) is the similarity in electrical characteristics: both devices are low-voltage and can be used both individually and in the form of serial and parallel assemblies, including, in in order to increase the power or spatial distribution of radiation.

By analogy with an LED lamp, a lamp for radio illumination with an active element in the form of a microcircuit can be created. Appearance such a lighting lamp is illustrated in FIG. 4. Structurally, the housing of the device for radio lighting in this embodiment is made in the form of a conventional light bulb with a standard base, designed for a supply voltage of 220 V, or 12 V (the microcircuit's own supply voltage is about 3 V). Such a “light bulb” can simply be screwed into a standard lampholder socket and press the switch button to turn it on.

The method of generating radio illumination according to the second aspect of the present invention includes the manufacture of at least one device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, placing the manufactured devices in a predetermined spatial volume in accordance with a predetermined arrangement of them, and supplying power to the placed devices . These devices (at least some of them) can be oriented to selected sections of a given spatial volume.

The spectral properties of the generated signal can be changed in accordance with a predetermined dependence selected from the group including periodic linear, periodic meander, periodic triangular, periodic parabolic, random. The change in the spectral properties of the generated signal, as already noted, is carried out by modulating its intensity in time.

Thus, radio illumination is created using one or more sources of broadband (ultra-wideband) incoherent microwave radiation. Getting on nearby surfaces and objects, it is partially absorbed in them, partially passes through them and partially reflected. Thus, spreading further, it carries information about the environment with which it interacts.

A detailed discussion of the equipment for observing radio-illuminated objects and the observation process itself is beyond the scope of this descriptions. We only note that detectors for observation can have spatial resolution up to a value of the order of I when placing the observed object in the near field, and angular resolution of the order of I / D where D is the characteristic size of the receiving antenna when the observed object is in the far zone. The prototypes of such devices are traditional radiometric receivers and sensors based on logarithmic detectors. The latter, even at room temperature, have a fairly high sensitivity and a large dynamic range. So, for example, a receiver with a logarithmic detector and an omnidirectional antenna will receive the radio light of the device of the present invention with a radiation power of 300 μW at distances from tens of centimeters to several hundred meters.

Claims

Claim

1. A radio lighting apparatus comprising:

- at least one source of dynamic chaos, configured to generate an ultra-wideband noise-like analog signal in the microwave range with specified at least spectral properties;

- an antenna connected to the output of the aforementioned source of dynamic chaos, made with the possibility of controlling the directivity of the radiation of the generated ultra-wideband noise-like signal and matched in its spectral characteristics with the source of dynamic chaos.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said dynamic chaos source is configured to change at least the spectral properties of the generated signal over time.

3. The device according to claim 2, comprising a modulator for modulating the intensity of said generated signal in time.

4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a housing inside which said source of dynamic chaos is installed, and said antenna is located on the outer surface.

5. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a housing within which said sources of dynamic chaos are installed and an antenna located below the radiolucent side of said housing.

6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising installation means on said housing made with the possibility of fixing said device and supplying power to it.

7. The device according to claim 1, in which the aforementioned source of dynamic chaos and the antenna are made on a flat basis, having the form of a tape or film.

8. The method of formation of radio lighting, which consists in the fact that:

- make at least one device according to p. 1;

- place the manufactured devices in a given spatial volume in accordance with a predetermined pattern of their placement;

- supply power to the placed devices.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein at least some of the placed devices are oriented towards selected portions of said spatial volume.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, in which the spectral properties of the generated signal are changed in accordance with a predetermined dependence selected from the group including periodic linear, periodic meander, periodic triangular, periodic parabolic, random.

1 1. The method according to claim 10, wherein said change in the spectral properties of the generated signal is carried out by modulating its intensity over time.