Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F236/08—Isoprene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0041—Compositions of the carcass layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
  • C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
  • C08C19/25—Incorporating silicon atoms into the molecule
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F236/06—Butadiene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C2001/0066—Compositions of the belt layers

Definitions

• a rubber composition comprising a functional diene polymer
• the present invention relates to the field of rubber compositions, particularly for use in a rubbery semi-finished article having metal reinforcing elements. More particularly, the invention is concerned with rubber compositions that can be used in the manufacture of reinforcing structures or reinforcement structures for vehicle tires.
• Metal / rubber composites especially for tires, are well known. They generally consist of a diene rubber matrix, crosslinkable, comprising reinforcing elements generally in the form of wire (s) or wire assemblies. They may be used in a tire, for example as a radial carcass reinforcement, such as carcass plies or top layers.
• a tire with a radial carcass reinforcement in known manner, comprises a tread, two inextensible beads, two flanks connecting the beads to the tread and a belt circumferentially disposed between the carcass reinforcement and the tread, this belt and the carcass reinforcement being constituted by various plies (or "layers") of rubber reinforced by wire reinforcing elements or wire reinforcements such as cables or monofilaments, for example metallic.
• a reinforcement ply reinforced by wire elements is therefore composed of a rubber and reinforcing elements which are embedded in the rubber.
• the gum is generally based on a diene elastomer, natural rubber, a reinforcing filler such as carbon black, a crosslinking system based on sulfur and zinc oxide.
• the reinforcing members are disposed substantially parallel to each other within the web.
• the metal wire reinforcing elements must satisfy a very large number of technical criteria, sometimes contradictory, such as high fatigue endurance, high tensile, wear and corrosion resistance, high adhesion to the surrounding rubber, and ability to maintain such performance at a very high level for as long as possible.
• the adhesion between the rubber and the metal wire reinforcing elements is therefore a key property for the durability of these performances.
• the traditional method for connecting the rubber to steel is to coat the surface of the steel with brass (copper-zinc alloy), the bond between the steel and the gum being provided by the sulfurization of brass during the vulcanization or baking of the elastomer present in the gum.
• the adhesion between the steel and the gum is likely to weaken over time, due to the progressive evolution of the sulphides formed under the effect of the various stresses encountered, in particular mechanical and / or thermal.
• the metal reinforcing elements can be made of a metal other than steel or be covered with a metal other than steel such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, tin, nickel , zinc or their alloys. It is also of economic interest to have a material that can adhere not only to steel, but also to other metals.
• a first subject of the invention is a rubber composition based on at least one polymer matrix comprising an Ed diene elastomer and a functional diene polymer which carries at least one aromatic group substituted by at least two hydroxyl functional groups.
• Ed diene elastomer representing more than 50% by weight of the polymer matrix, characterized in that the functional diene polymer represents at most 30% by weight of the polymer matrix and two of the hydroxyl functions are vicinal.
• Another object of the invention is a semi-finished article having reinforcing elements having a metal surface for contacting the rubber composition, which reinforcing elements are embedded in the rubber composition according to the invention.
• the invention also relates to a tire comprising a semi-finished article according to the invention.
• any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e., terminals a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the term “from a to b” means the range from a to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
• composition-based in the present description a composition comprising the mixture and / or the reaction product in situ of the various constituents used, some of these constituents (for example the elastomer matrix, the charge or other additive conventionally used in a rubber composition intended for the manufacture of tire) being capable of, or intended to react with each other, at least in part, during the various phases of manufacture of the composition intended for the manufacture of a tire.
• aromatic group designates the aromatic group which is substituted by at least the two vicinal hydroxyl functions as defined according to the invention and which is carried by the functional diene polymer useful to the needs of the invention. according to any one of its embodiments.
• the hydroxy function refers to the OH group.
• polymer matrix is meant all the polymers (ie macromolecular chains) present in the rubber composition
• the polymeric matrix has the essential characteristic of comprising a functional diene polymer which carries at least one aromatic group, which aromatic group is substituted by at least two hydroxyl functions, two of the hydroxyl functions being vicinal.
• two vicinal functions is meant two functions which are carried by carbons of the aromatic ring which are adjacent.
• a hydroxyl function is in the ortho position relative to the other hydroxyl function.
• the functional diene polymer carries several aromatic groups substituted by at least two hydroxyl functions, two of the hydroxyl functions being vicinal.
• the hydroxy functions of the aromatic group are 2 in number.
• the two vicinal hydroxyl functions are preferably respectively in meta and para position with respect to the bond or to the group which ensures the attachment of the aromatic group to the chain, in particular principal of the functional diene polymer.
• the relative position of the hydroxy functions on the aromatic group, namely vicinal, makes it possible to confer good adhesion properties on the metal to the rubber composition.
• the aromatic group is a dihydroxyaryl group of formula (I) in which the symbol * represents a direct or indirect attachment to the chain, in particular the main chain, of the functional diene polymer.
• diene polymer it is recalled that must be understood a polymer which comprises diene units and which is generally derived at least in part (ie a homopolymer or a copolymer) of monomers dienes (monomers carrying two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or no).
• iene polymer means:
• any copolymer of a conjugated diene monomer in particular any copolymer of a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl monomer such as ethylene, an a-monoolefin, a methacrylate, a carboxylic acid vinyl ester, vinyl alcohol, a vinyl ether, the conjugated diene monomer having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms;
• any copolymer of a non-conjugated diene monomer especially any copolymer of a non-conjugated diene monomer and a monoolefin such as ethylene or an ⁇ -monoolefin, the non-conjugated diene monomer having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms;
• Particularly suitable conjugated dienes are 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di (C 1 -C 5 alkyl) -1,3-butadienes, such as, for example, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1 3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene.
• alkenes and vinylaromatic compounds especially those having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, such as styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene.
• non-conjugated dienes are, for example, those having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as in particular 1,4-hexadiene, vinyl norbornene, ethylidene norbornene, norbornadiene and dicyclopentadiene.
• (meth) acrylonitrile acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are suitable.
• (meth) acrylates, ie acrylates or methacrylates mention may be made of acrylic esters derived from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with alcohols having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, for example methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, ethyl-2-hexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate.
• vinyl esters of carboxylic acids mention may be made, for example, of vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, preferentially vinyl acetate.
• Suitable vinyl ethers are, for example, those in which the group R of the ether function OR contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the diene polymer is said to be functional since it carries at least one aromatic group which is substituted by the two hydroxy functions.
• the functional diene polymer is chosen from the group of polymers consisting of polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, copolymers of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene copolymers and their mixtures.
• copolymers of 1,3-butadiene or isoprene mention may be made especially of those resulting from the copolymerization of 1,3-butadiene or isoprene with styrene or a (meth) acrylate, especially acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate.
• polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, copolymers of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene copolymers useful for the purposes of the invention as functional diene polymer carry one or more aromatic groups as defined according to any one of the embodiments of the invention.
• the diene units in the functional diene polymer preferably represent more than 50%, more preferably more than 70% by weight of the functional diene polymer.
• the aromatic group borne by the functional diene polymer is preferably a pendant group of the polymer chain of the functional diene polymer.
• the aromatic group carried by the functional diene polymer may be at the end of the polymer chain of the functional diene polymer or outside the ends of the polymer chain of the functional diene polymer. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the aromatic group is exclusively carried at the chain end of the polymer chain of the diene polymer. functional, particularly at one end or at each end of the polymer chain of the functional diene polymer.
• the functional diene polymer can be synthesized by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, mention may be made without limitation of:
• the method for preparing the functional diene polymer is chosen by those skilled in the art judiciously according to whether the aromatic group is at the chain end of the functional diene polymer or outside its chain ends, depending on the macrostructure of the functional diene polymer, especially the value of its number-average molar mass and of its polydispersity index, and according to the microstructure of the functional diene polymer, in particular the respective contents of the 1,4-cis, 1,4-trans and 1,2 bonds of the diene part of the functional diene polymer.
• the level of aromatic group in the functional diene polymer preferably ranges from 0.01 to 3 milliequivalents per g (meq / g), more preferably from 0.15 to 2 meq / g, more preferably from 0.3 to 1.5 meq / g of functional diene polymer. . These ranges of rates can be applied to any of the embodiments of the invention.
• the functional diene polymer is an elastomer.
• the functional diene polymer preferably has a number average molecular weight greater than 80000 g / mol.
• the functional diene polymer has a number-average molar mass ranging from 1000 to 80000 g / mol, preferably from 1000 to 30000 g / mol, more preferably from 1000 to 10000 g / mol, more preferably from 1000 to 5000 g / mol.
• these molar masses number average, especially the smallest, may be too low depending on the microstructure of the functional diene polymer to give it elastomeric properties.
• Another essential feature of the polymer matrix is that it comprises another polymer, a diene elastomer Ed, which is different from the functional diene polymer.
• the diene elastomer Ed does not meet the definition of the functional diene polymer.
• the diene elastomer Ed is devoid of the aromatic group carrying the two vicinal groups hydroxy.
• the preferential embodiment according to which the diene elastomer Ed is devoid of the aromatic group carrying the two hydroxy side groups can be applied to any of the embodiments of the invention.
• a diene elastomer is meant one or more diene elastomers which differ from each other by their microstructure or their macrostructure.
• the diene elastomer Ed represents more than 50% by weight of the polymer matrix to impart to the polymer matrix the rubbery nature of the rubber composition.
• diene By elastomer (or indistinctly "rubber”, the two terms being considered synonymous) diene, must be understood in known manner a diene polymer as defined above with respect to its microstructure.
• the diene elastomers can be classified into two categories: "essentially unsaturated” or “essentially saturated”.
• the term "essentially unsaturated” is generally understood to mean a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers, having a level of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (mol%);
• diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha-olefins of the EPDM type do not fall within the above definition and may in particular be described as "essentially saturated” diene elastomers ( low or very low diene origin, always less than 15%).
• the term “highly unsaturated” diene elastomer is particularly understood to mean a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%.
• the diene elastomer Ed may be star-shaped, coupled, functionalized or otherwise, in a manner known per se, by means of functionalising, coupling or starring agents known to those skilled in the art.
• the diene elastomer Ed is preferably a highly unsaturated diene elastomer, more preferably selected from the group of highly unsaturated elastomers consisting of polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, copolymers of 1,3 butadiene, isoprene copolymers and mixtures thereof. Even more preferably, the diene elastomer Ed is a polyisoprene having greater than 90% by mass of 1,4-cis bond. Better the diene elastomer is natural rubber.
• the functional diene polymer As for the functional diene polymer, it represents at most 30% by weight of the polymer matrix, preferably between 5 and 30% by weight of the polymer matrix. Beyond 30%, the intrinsic properties of the diene elastomer are lost, which gives the rubber composition its properties, such as elasticity, cohesion, raw tack, crystallization under tension according to the microstructure and the macrostructure of the diene elastomer Ed. Below 5%, the improvement of the adhesion properties may be insufficient depending on the intended application of the rubber composition.
• the diene elastomer Ed and the functional diene polymer represent at least 90% by weight of the polymer matrix. More preferably, the polymer matrix consists of the functional diene polymer and the diene elastomer Ed.
• the rubber composition comprises a reinforcing filler.
• the reinforcing filler is generally used to improve, for example, the cohesion or rigidity of the polymer matrix.
• the reinforcing filler is a known filler for its ability to reinforce a polymer matrix containing a diene polymer, more particularly an elastomer.
• the reinforcing filler is typically a reinforcing filler conventionally used in rubber compositions that can be used for the manufacture of tires.
• the reinforcing filler is, for example, an organic filler such as carbon black, a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica with which a coupling agent is associated in known manner, or a mixture of these two types of filler.
• the reinforcing filler is preferably a carbon black.
• Such a reinforcing filler typically consists of nanoparticles whose average size (in mass) is less than one micrometer, generally less than 500 nm, most often between 20 and 200 nm, in particular and more preferably between 20 and 150 nm.
• Suitable carbon blacks are all carbon blacks, especially blacks conventionally used in tires or their treads (so-called pneumatic grade blacks). Among the latter, there will be mentioned more particularly the reinforcing carbon blacks of the series 100, 200, 300, or the series blacks 500, 600 or 700 (ASTM grades), such as, for example, the blacks N115, N134, N234, N326, N330. , N339, N347, N375, N550, N683, N772). These carbon blacks can be used in the isolated state, as commercially available, or in any other form, for example as a carrier for some of the rubber additives used.
• the level of reinforcing filler is chosen by those skilled in the art according to the intended application of the composite and according to the nature of the reinforcing filler, in particular the value of its BET specific surface area.
• the level of reinforcing filler is preferably in a range from 20 parts to 80 parts per 100 parts of the polymer matrix. . Within 20 parts, the strengthening of the polymer matrix may be insufficient. Beyond 80 parts, there is a risk of increasing the hysteresis of the polymer matrix which can lead to a heating of the composition which can lead to a degradation of the performance of the composition.
• the rubber composition comprises a system for crosslinking the polymer matrix.
• the crosslinking system is designed to react to cause the crosslinking of the polymer matrix, generally after contacting the reinforcing elements with the polymer matrix containing the crosslinking system and optionally the reinforcing filler and after formatting.
• Crosslinking generally makes it possible to improve the elastic properties of the polymer matrix.
• the crosslinking system may be a vulcanization system or be based on one or more peroxide compounds, for example conventionally used in rubber compositions usable for tire manufacture.
• the vulcanization system itself is based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and usually a primary vulcanization accelerator.
• a primary vulcanization accelerator To this basic vulcanization system can be added, for example incorporated during the first non-productive phase and / or during the productive phase as described later, various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators such as zinc oxide, stearic acid or equivalent compounds, guanidine derivatives (in particular diphenylguanidine).
• Sulfur is used at a preferential rate of 0.5 to 12 parts per hundred parts of the polymer matrix (pcmp), in particular from 1 to 10 phr.
• the primary vulcanization accelerator is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 0.5 and 5 phr.
• accelerator any compound capable of acting as a vulcanization accelerator for diene polymers, in particular diene elastomers, in the presence of sulfur, in particular thiazole accelerators and their derivatives, thiuram type accelerators. , zinc dithiocarbamates.
• a primary accelerator of the sulfenamide type is used.
• the chemical crosslinking is carried out by means of one or more peroxide compounds, the one or more peroxide compounds represent from 0.01 to 10 phr.
• acyl peroxides for example benzoyl peroxide or p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide
• peroxide ketones for example methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
• peroxyesters for example t-butylperoxyacetate, t-butylperoxybenzoate and t-butylperoxyphthalate
• alkyl peroxides for example dicumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxybenzoate and 1,3-bis (t-butyl peroxyisopropyl) benzene
• hydroperoxides for example t- butyl hydro peroxide.
• the rubber composition may also comprise all or part of the usual additives usually dispersed in the polymer matrices containing a diene polymer, in particular an elastomer.
• additives usually dispersed in the polymer matrices containing a diene polymer, in particular an elastomer.
• the choice of additives and their rate is made by those skilled in the art according to the intended application of the rubber composition.
• the rubber composition in the tire especially in a reinforcing structure or reinforcing reinforcement in the tire, may be suitable as additives for pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, anti-ozonants chemical , antioxidants, plasticizers or processing agents.
• the first non-productive phase and the productive phase are mechanical working steps, especially by kneading, well known to those skilled in the manufacture of rubber compositions.
• the first non-productive phase is generally distinguished from the productive phase in that the mechanical work is carried out at a high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 110 ° C. and 190 ° C., preferably between 130 ° C. and 180 ° C. ° C.
• the productive phase which follows the non-productive phase, generally after a cooling step, is defined by mechanical work at a lower temperature, typically below 110 ° C., for example between 40 ° C. and 100 ° C., finish during which is incorporated the crosslinking system.
• the reinforcing filler, the crosslinking system and the additives are generally distributed in the polymer matrix by their incorporation into the polymer matrix.
• the reinforcing filler may be incorporated into the polymer matrix by mechanical mixing, in particular thermomechanical mixing, optionally in the presence of the additives mentioned above.
• the mixing temperature is suitably chosen by those skilled in the art depending on the thermal sensitivity of the polymer matrix, its viscosity and the nature of the reinforcing filler.
• the crosslinking system is incorporated into the polymer matrix typically at a temperature below the temperature at which the crosslinking occurs to allow its dispersion in the polymer matrix and the subsequent shaping of the composite prior to crosslinking of the polymer matrix.
• the crosslinking system is incorporated into the polymer matrix after incorporation of the reinforcing filler and other additives into the polymer matrix.
• the rubber composition may be used in a semi-finished article having reinforcement elements embedded in the rubber composition according to the invention, which reinforcing elements have a metal surface for contacting the rubber composition.
• the reinforcing elements are arranged generally side by side in a main direction.
• the semi-finished article is preferably a reinforcing reinforcement for a tire, such as a carcass reinforcement or a crown reinforcement.
• the reinforcing elements also called reinforcements
• each reinforcement may be all or part of the total surface of the reinforcement and is intended to come into contact with the rubber composition according to the invention. Only a part of the reinforcement is metallic, this part being by definition of the invention at least consisting of the metal surface as defined above, or it is the entirety of the reinforcement which is metallic. Preferably all the reinforcement is metal.
• the metal surface of the reinforcement is made of a material different from the rest of the reinforcement.
• the reinforcement is made of a material which is wholly or partly covered by a metal layer which constitutes the metal surface.
• the material all or partly covered by the metal surface is of a metallic or non-metallic nature, preferably metal.
• the reinforcement is made of the same material, in which case the reinforcement is made of a metal which is identical to the metal of the metal surface.
• the metal surface comprises iron, copper, zinc, tin, aluminum, cobalt or nickel.
• the metal of the metal surface is a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, zinc, tin, aluminum, cobalt, nickel and alloys comprising at least one of these metals.
• the alloys can be, for example, binary or ternary alloys, such as steel, bronze and brass.
• the metal of the metal surface is iron, copper, tin, zinc or an alloy comprising at least one of these metals. More preferably, the metal of the metal surface is steel, brass (Cu-Zn alloy) or bronze (Cu-Sn alloy).
• the expression “the metal of the metal surface is the metal hereinafter designated” is tantamount to saying that the metal surface is of metal hereinafter referred to.
• the expression "the metal of the metal surface is iron” written above means that the metal surface is made of iron.
• the steel is preferably a carbon steel or a stainless steel.
• its carbon content is preferably between 0.01% and 1.2% or between 0.05% and 1.2%, or between 0.2% and 1.2%, especially between 0.4% and 1.1%.
• the steel is stainless, it preferably comprises at least 11% chromium and at least 50% iron.
• the reinforcement may be in various forms, preferably in the form of a unitary wire (monofilament) or a wire assembly, that these wires are twisted together (for example, in the form of a cable) or essentially parallel to each other.
• the reinforcement is more preferably in the form of a unitary yarn or an assembly of yarns, for example a cable or a manufactured strand. with devices and methods of wiring or stranding known to those skilled in the art, which are not described here for the simplicity of the presentation.
• the reinforcements used are preferably assemblies (strands or cables) of fine carbon steel or stainless steel wires having: a resistance in traction greater than 2000 MPa, more preferably greater than 2500 MPa, in particular greater than 3000 MPa; the person skilled in the art knows how to manufacture fine threads having such strength, by adjusting in particular the composition of the steel and the final work hardening rates of these threads;
• the semi-finished article can be manufactured by a method which comprises the following steps:
• the realization of the layers can be done by calendering.
• the polymer matrix is crosslinked, in particular by vulcanization or by peroxides.
• the baking of the semi-finished article takes place generally during the baking of the tire casing.
• the invention relates to the rubber composition, the semi-finished article and the tire in the green state (before crosslinking of the polymer matrix) or in the fired state (after crosslinking of the polymer matrix).
• NMR analysis of the proton is used to determine the microstructure of the polymers used or synthesized.
• the content of the 3,4-dihydroxyaryl group in the functional diene polymer is given in molar percentage (% mol, that is to say, per 100 moles of monomer unit of the diene polymer) or in milliequivalents per gram of diene polymer. functional (meq / g).
• the spectra are acquired on a BRUKER 500 MHz spectrometer equipped with a BBIz-grad 5 mm wideband probe.
• the quantitative 1H NMR experiment uses a 30 ° single pulse sequence and a 3 second repetition time between each acquisition.
• the samples are solubilized in deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ) or deuterated methanol (MeOD).
• SEC Size Exclusion Chromatography
• the SEC allows to apprehend the distribution of the molar masses of a polymer.
• Mn various average molecular weights
• Mw by weight
• Ip Mw / Mn
• Preparation of the polymer There is no particular treatment of the polymer sample before analysis. This is simply solubilized in tetrahydrofuran (THF) which contains 1% vol. of diisopropylamine, 1% vol. triethylamine and 0.1% vol. distilled water at a concentration of about 1 g / l. Then the solution is filtered on 0.45 ⁇ porosity filter before injection.
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• SEC analysis The equipment used is a "WATERS alliance" chromatograph.
• the elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran which contains 1% vol. of diisopropylamine, 1% vol. of triethylamine.
• the flow rate is 0.7 ml / min, the system temperature 35 ° C and the analysis time 90 min.
• a set of four WATERS columns in series, trade names "STYRAGEL HMW7", “STYRAGEL HMW6E” and two “STYRAGEL HT6E" are used.
• the injected volume of the solution of the polymer sample is 100 ⁇ l.
• the detector is a differential refractometer "WATERS 2410" and the chromatographic data exploitation software is the “WATERS EMPOWER” system.
• the average molar masses calculated relate to a calibration curve made from commercial standard polystyrene "PSS READY CAL-KIT".
• PSS READY CAL-KIT commercial standard polystyrene
• copolymers of isoprene and of glycidyl methacrylate A, B and C are respectively prepared by radical polymerization according to the following protocol:
• Table 1b shows the microstructure of the copolymers A, B and C prepared, expressed in mole percent.
• copolymer A or B or C is then modified by reaction with a compound carrying a 3,4-dihydroxyaryl group, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid according to the following protocol:
• the copolymer of isoprene and glycidyl methacrylate (A or B or C) is solubilized in dioxane. 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid is added. Then the reaction medium is stirred with magnetic stirring and heated for 72 h at 120 ° C. The reaction medium is then allowed to return to ambient temperature, then the polymer is coagulated in water, filtered and then solubilized again in dichloromethane to be dried over Na 2 SO 4 . The solution is finally evaporated to dryness.
• Copolymer A 50.0 g 0 0
• the copolymers 1,3-butadiene, styrene and glycidyl methacrylate, respectively D and E are prepared by radical polymerization according to the following protocol:
• the radical emulsion polymerization is carried out in a capped bottle with moderate stirring and in an atmosphere inert nitrogen.
• the reaction medium is stirred and heated at 40 ° C.
• the polymerization is stopped after 60% conversion by adding lmL of a solution of resorcinol at 100g / L in water.
• the copolymer is precipitated in an acetone / methanol mixture (50/50 v / v).
• the copolymer is dried by vacuum drying (200 torr) at 50 ° C.
• copolymer D or E is then modified by reaction with a compound carrying a group
• the epoxidized synthetic polyisoprene is prepared by epoxidation of a synthetic polyisoprene: Protocol for the preparation of the synthetic polyisoprene: In a 250 ml reactor, maintained under nitrogen pressure of 2 bars, containing 105 ml of methylcyclohexane, are injected 10.21 g of isoprene. 4.5 ml of n-butyllithium at 1.34 mol / l are then added. The medium is heated at 50 ° C for 45 min to reach a monomer conversion of 95%. This level is determined by weighing an extract dried at 110 ° C. under the reduced pressure of 200 mmHg. The polymerization is stopped by adding an excess of methanol relative to lithium.
• the polymer solution is filtered in order to remove the lithium residues present in the medium. Finally, the polymer solution is subjected to an antioxidant treatment by adding 0.2 parts per hundred parts of polymer of 4,4'-methylene-bis-2,6-tert-butylphenol and 0.2 parts of one hundred parts of N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine polymer, and then the polymer is dried by vacuum drying at 60 ° C for 2 days.
• the polyisoprene has a weight average molecular weight of 3000 g / mol, a polydispersity index (Ip) of 1.06, and 88 mol% of 1,4-cis bond.
• Protocol for epoxidation of synthetic polyisoprene In a two-necked flask, the synthetic polyisoprene is dissolved at a mass concentration of 6% in methylcyclohexane. The mixture is stirred and heated to 35 ° C, the formic acid (1 equivalent to the number of moles of isoprene units to be epoxidized) is then introduced. The mixture is then heated to 47 ° C. and hydrogen peroxide (1 equivalent relative to the number of moles of isoprene units to be epoxidized) is introduced dropwise via a dropping funnel. The medium is then heated at 50 ° C. for 4 hours.
• the medium is neutralized by introducing a sodium hydroxide solution (1 equivalent relative to the number of moles of formic acid introduced).
• the reaction medium is then washed three times with water via a separating funnel.
• the organic phase is then dried over MgSO 4 and filtered.
• the epoxidized polymer is recovered by drying the organic phase in an oven at 45 ° C. for 48 hours.
• the epoxidation rate is 8.4 mol%.
• G The epoxidized synthetic polyisoprene, hereinafter named G, is then modified by reaction with a compound carrying a 3,4-dihydroxyaryl group, 11- [ethoxy (hydroxy) phosphoryl] undecyl 3- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoate according to the following protocol:
• the substance obtained is dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane, the medium is stirred and then a solution of NaHCO 3 in 1M water is introduced (1 equivalent relative to the number of moles of 11- [ethoxy (hydroxy) phosphoryl] undecyl 3- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoate).
• the medium is stirred for 1 h and then an extraction is carried out via a separating funnel using a salt water / acetone mixture.
• the organic phase is then dried over MgSO 4 and filtered.
• the modified polymer, hereinafter called GF is recovered by drying the organic phase in an oven at 45 ° C. for 48 hours.
• Table 5 shows the microstructure and macrostructure of the modified polymer, GF.
• Epoxidized natural rubber hereinafter named H, is a natural rubber having randomly dispersed epoxide groups along the main chain of the polymer, marketed under the name "Ekoprena", the molar epoxidation rate being 25%, the Mooney viscosity of 75 ⁇ 15.
• Table 5 shows the microstructure and macrostructure of the modified polymer, HF.
• the ⁇ , ⁇ dihydroxy polybutadiene used in the modification reaction is PolyBd R20 LM from Cray Valley and is named hereinafter J. It is modified according to the following protocol: 20.0 g of PolyBd R20 LM, 8.05 g (2.6 eq) of 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 0.42 g (0.1 eq) of p-toluenesulphonic acid and 250 ml of toluene are introduced into a single-neck flask. The flask is equipped with a Dean-Stark, then the mixture is stirred at 140 ° C for 48 hours.
• the toluene is removed by evaporation under vacuum.
• the telechelic polybutadiene is then solubilized in dichloromethane; two successive aqueous extractions make it possible to eliminate the excess 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid and the p-toluenesulphonic acid.
• the chlorinated phase is dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate.
• the dichloromethane is then removed by evaporation under vacuum. Table 6 shows the microstructure and macrostructure of the modified polymer, JF.
• the prepared rubber compositions are distinguished from each other by the polymer matrix because of the microstructure, macrostructure and functional diene polymer content used in the polymer matrix.
• the polymer matrix consists of a mixture of natural rubber and functional diene polymer, the functional diene polymer being 10, 15 or 25% by weight of the polymer matrix.
• the functional diene polymer used in the polymer matrix and its rate are shown in Tables 7 to 9.
• a reinforcing filler a carbon black (N326), and a crosslinking system, a peroxide (dicumyl peroxide) are incorporated in the polymer matrix according to the protocol described hereinafter.
• the carbon black content is 50 parts per 100 parts polymer matrix, that peroxide 5 parts per 100 parts polymer matrix.
• the quality of the bond between the rubber composition and the reinforcement is determined by a test in which the force required to extract the reinforcement of the crosslinked rubber composition is measured.
• the reinforcement is in the form of unitary son sections
• test specimens are prepared, on the one hand, metal single son as reinforcement having a metal surface and, on the other hand, a crosslinked rubber composition.
• a rubber block is made of two plates, applied one on the other before cooking.
• the two plates of the block consist of the same rubber composition. It is during the construction of the block that the unitary wires are trapped between the two plates in the green state, at an equal distance and leaving, on either side of these plates, an end of the unitary wire of sufficient length to the subsequent traction.
• the block comprising the unitary son is then placed in a mold adapted to the test conditions referred to and left at the initiative of those skilled in the art; for example, in this case, the firing of the block is carried out at 160 ° C for a time ranging from 25 min to 60 min according to the pressure composition of 5.5 tons.
• Single threads are plain (ie uncoated) steel or brass or bronze coated steel wire. Their diameter is 1.75 mm, except for bronzed threads for which the diameter is 1.30 mm; the thickness of the brass coating from 200 nm to 1 ⁇ , the thickness of the bronze coating from 50 nm to 0.1 ⁇ .
• Tables 7 to 9 indicate:
• test tube is referenced by an Arabic numeral, followed by a lower case letter, for example, the.
• An Arabic numeral corresponds to a functional diene polymer.
• the lowercase letter indicates the nature of the metal of the metal surface of the unit wire: a for brass, b for steel, and c for bronze.
• the test pieces thus prepared correspond to the use of rubber compositions in accordance with the invention.
• the test piece thus formed of the crosslinked block and the unitary son is put in place in the jaws of a traction machine ada ptée to allow each section to be tested in isolation, at a given speed and temperature. (for example, in the present case, at 100 mm / min and ambient temperature).
• the adhesion levels are characterized by measuring the so-called tearing force to tear off the specimen sections.
• control test specimen which contains unitary son identical in nature to the tested test specimen and which contains a so-called control rubber composition whose polymer matrix consists of natural rubber (in other words the mass fraction of the functional diene polymer in the polymer matrix is 0% in the control rubber composition).
• control rubber composition is manufactured according to the same protocol as the rubber compositions according to the invention.
• the control sample is prepared according to the same protocol as the other test pieces.
• the values of the base 100 stripping forces resulting from the tests carried out on the test pieces are summarized in Tables 7 to 9, according to the level of functional diene polymer in the polymer matrix and according to the nature of the unitary strands.
• test pieces containing a composition according to the invention have a strongly improved resistance to tearing, both in the case of wire elements in steel and brass and in bronze, that is to say comprising iron, copper, zinc or tin.
• the improvement is observed irrespective of the position of the aromatic group substituted by at least 2 vicinal hydroxyl functions: in the JF polymer, the aromatic group is carried at the chain end; in AF, BF, CF, DF, EF, GF and HF polymers, it is outside the chain ends;
• the functional diene polymer is as well a polybutadiene (JF), a butadiene copolymer (DF and EF), a polyisoprene (GF and HF) or an isoprene copolymer (AF, BF and CF);
• JF polybutadiene
• DF and EF butadiene copolymer
• GF and HF polyisoprene
• AF, BF and CF isoprene copolymer
• the improvement is observed for a wide range of number-average molar masses of the functional diene polymer, ranging from a few thousand (AF, BF, CF, DF and JF) to several tens of thousands (DF and EF), or even a few hundred thousands (HF). It is also remarkable to note that the improvement in the adhesion between the metal and the rubber composition is observed in the absence of any sulphurization step generally required in the manufacture of diene elastomer and steel composites. or brass or bronze.

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• 2015
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