WO2017079684A1 - Baits for cockroaches - Google Patents

Abstract

Compositions to selectively attract one or more cockroaches are disclosed. The compositions include a lethal agent and dry malt extract or one or more isolated additives. Methods and devices to attract one or more cockroaches using the compositions are also disclosed.

Description

BAITS FOR COCKROACHES

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims the priority of U.S. provisional application Serial No. 62/252,376, entitled BAITS FOR COCKROACHES, filed November 6, 2015, and hereby incorporates the same application herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to a composition for attracting at least one cockroach, and methods of attracting at least one cockroach using the composition.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Cockroaches are world-wide pests. They are considered to be indicators of unsanitary conditions, and can mechanically transmit pathogens that cause human disease. The most common and important cockroach pest is the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Rehn 1945). As with many other species, the German cockroach is highly adaptable and capable of infesting almost any microhabitat, as long as the habitat contains water.

SUMMARY

[0004] According to one embodiment, a composition that selectively attracts one or more cockroaches includes dry malt extract.

[0005] According to another embodiment, a device for selectively attracting one or more cockroaches includes a housing and a composition disposed proximal to or within the housing. The housing can receive the one or more cockroaches. The composition includes dry malt extract.

[0006] According to another embodiment, a method of selectively attracting one or more cockroaches includes providing a composition. The composition includes dry malt extract and a lethal agent. [0007] According to another embodiment, a composition that attracts one or more cockroaches includes one or more isolated additives and a lethal agent. The one or more isolated additives include hexanal, benzaldehyde, phenylacetalaldehyde, nonanal, 3-methylbutanal, (Z)-4-heptenal, (E)-2-heptenal, (£)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (2E,6Z)-nonadienal, acetylaldehyde, 2- methylpropanal, (2£^',4_JE)-decadienal, butyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, hexanol, l-octen-3-ol, ethanol, 3 -methyl- 1-butanol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, l-octen-3-one, 2-heptanone, acetone, 2-octanone, furan-2-carbaldehyde, 2- furanmethanol, 2-acetylfuran, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6- dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2-methyl-3-ethylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, ethyl lactate, 2,3-butandione, pyruvic aldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, methional, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and 2- methoxyphenol.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] FIG. 1 depicts the mean catches of male German cockroaches captured in laboratory arena bioassays to traps baited with bread (Experiment 1) or bread and water (Experiment 2) in comparison to unbaited (empty) control traps.

[0009] FIG. 2 depicts the mean catches of male German cockroaches captured in Experiment 3 in laboratory arena bioassays to traps baited with the master blend of bread volatiles in comparison to unbaited control traps.

[0010] FIG. 3 depicts the mean catches of male German cockroaches captured in Experiments 4 and 5 in laboratory arena bioassays to traps baited with a composition of dry malt extract, yeast and water in comparison to traps baited with water alone (Experiment 4), or to traps baited with a composition of dry malt extract ("DME"), yeast and water in comparison to traps baited with dry malt extract alone (Experiment 5).

[0011] FIG. 4 depicts the mean catches of male German cockroaches captured in Experiments 6, 7 and 8 in laboratory arena bioassays to traps baited with a composition of dry malt extract, yeast and water or to traps baited with Combat® small roach bait (Experiment 6), Combat® large roach bait (Experiment 7), or Combat® gel roach bait (Experiment 8). [0012] FIG. 5 depicts the mean number of German cockroaches captured in Experiments 9, 10, 11, and 12 which compare the catch rate of traps baited with dry malt extract compositions described herein to the catch rate of traps baited with Combat® large roach bait in infested kitchens.

[0013] FIG. 6 depicts an example of a device to attract cockroaches according to one embodiment.

[0014] FIG. 7 depicts an example of a device to attract cockroaches according to another embodiment.

[0015] FIG. 8 depicts an example of a device to attract cockroaches according to an embodiment.

[0016] FIG. 9 depicts an example of a device to attract cockroaches according to an embodiment.

[0017] FIG. 10 depicts an example of a device to attract cockroaches according to an embodiment.

[0018] FIG. 11 depicts an example of a device to attract cockroaches according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The term "isolated" as used herein means separated from materials with which the compound is normally associated in a native state.

[0020] The term "purified" as used herein refers to material that has been isolated under conditions that reduce or eliminate the presence of unrelated materials, i.e., contaminants, including native materials from which the material is obtained. In certain embodiments, purified material substantially free of contaminants means about 50% pure or more; in certain embodiments, about 90% pure or more, and in certain embodiments, about 99% pure or more. Purity can be evaluated by methods known in the art. [0021] The term "synthetic" when used herein means artificially produced by chemical processes or other processes initiated by human energy, as opposed to compounds formed by natural origin.

[0022] The term "lethal" when used herein means sufficient to result in immobilization, knockdown and/or death of about 50% or more, about 55% or more, about 60% or more, about 65%) or more, about 70% or more, about 75% or more, about 80% or more, 85% or more, about 90%) or more, about 95% or more, or about 99% or more individual cockroaches.

[0023] The term "lethal agent" when used herein means an agent that is capable of immobilizing, knocking down and/or killing about 50% or more, about 55% or more, about 60% or more, about 65% or more, about 70% or more, about 75% or more, about 80% or more, about 85%) or more, about 90% or more, about 95% or more, or about 99% or more individual cockroaches that are exposed to an appropriate dose, number or intensity over an appropriate amount of time. The term "lethal agent" as used herein also means a trap that is capable of immobilizing, knocking down and/or killing about 50% or more, about 55% or more, about 60% or more, about 65% or more, about 70% or more, about 75% or more, about 80% or more, about 85%) or more, about 90% or more, about 95% or more, or about 99% or more individual cockroaches that are captured by the trap.

[0024] The term "bread" as used herein refers to a product made by baking a dough which is fermented and expanded after blending wheat flour, yeast, salt, and water and additional materials, such as yeast food, conventionally utilized in the production of breads or additional materials specific to the kind of bread to be produced in an appropriate blending rate.

[0025] The term "yeast" when used herein means active or inactive yeast, including spent brewers yeast, fresh brewers yeast, and other types of food yeast. The yeast can be of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0026] The term "knockdown" when used herein means within a period of about two minutes or less to a period of about one day or less (e.g., about two minutes or less, about five minutes or less, about ten minutes or less, about thirty minutes or less, about one hour or less, about two hours or less, about five hours or less, about ten hours or less, about twelve hours or less, about eighteen hours or less, or about one day or less) from the time that at least one drop of the pesticidal formulation is applied to the surface of a cockroach (or cockroaches) or ingested by the cockroach(or cockroaches) in which to achieve disruption of mobility. Disruption of mobility can lead to mortality of such treated cockroach (or cockroaches).

[0027] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to compositions for selectively attracting at least one cockroach. In some embodiments, a composition can include dry malt extract. In certain embodiments, a composition can include one or more of an additive. In certain embodiments, a composition can include dry malt extract and one or more of the additives. In certain embodiments, the additive can include hexanal, benzaldehyde, phenyl acetal aldehyde, nonanal, 3-methylbutanal, (Z)-4-heptenal, (E)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, (£)-2-nonenal, (2E,6Z)- nonadienal, acetylaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, (2£^',4_JE)-decadienal, butyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, hexanol, l-octen-3- ol, ethanol, 3 -methyl- 1-butanol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, l-octen-3-one, 2-heptanone, acetone, 2- octanone, furan-2-carbaldehyde, 2-furanmethanol, 2-acetylfuran, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2- furaldehyde, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2-methyl-3-ethylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, ethyl lactate, 2,3-butandione, pyruvic aldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, methional, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-methoxyphenol, or combinations thereof. The composition for use herein can include one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, fifteen, eighteen, twenty, twenty-five, thirty, thirty-five, or forty of the additives. In certain embodiments, the additives can be included based on functional groups to which each respective additive belongs. In such embodiments, one or more additives of each functional group can be included. Functional groups can include aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, furans, pyrazines, and multi-functional groups. The additive can be isolated, purified, and/or synthetic.

[0028] In certain embodiments described herein, the composition can include a lethal agent in addition to one or more of the dry malt extract and one or more isolated additives. In certain embodiments, the lethal agent can be one or more of a chemical agent, pathogen, or physical abrasive that is capable of causing immobilization, knockdown, and/or death of at least one cockroach. [0029] In certain embodiments, the lethal agent can be a chemical agent that is capable of causing immobilization, knockdown, and/or death of at least one cockroach. For example, the chemical agent can be one or more of avermectin, abamamectin, borax, boric acid, sodium metaborate, fipronil, hydramethylnon, indoxacarb, hydroprene, methoprene, pyriproxifen, flufenoxuron, diflubenzuron, chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, triflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, allethrin, cyfluthrin, cyphenothrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, permethrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, acephate, chlopyrifos, dichlorvos, malathion, fenitrothion, diazinon, jodfenphos, pirimiphos methyl, propetamphos, naled, propetamphos, carbaryl, bendiocarb, propoxur, or propetamphos in certain embodiments.

[0030] In certain embodiments, the lethal agent can be a pathogen that is capable of causing immobilization, knockdown, and/or death of at least one cockroach. For example, the pathogen can be one or more of Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae, or Nosema periplanetae .

[0031] In certain embodiments, the lethal agent can be a physical abrasive that is capable of causing immobilization, knockdown, and/or death of at least one cockroach. For example, the physical abrasive can be one or more of silica aerogel, amorphous silica, or diatomaceous earth.

[0032] In certain embodiments, the composition can further include one or more of bread, water, or yeast.

[0033] In certain embodiments, any of the compositions described herein can be used to attract at least one cockroach. For example, in certain embodiments, a composition including dry malt extract can be used to attract at least one cockroach. As can be appreciated, the composition can be used as a bait, and optionally, can be included in a trap. In certain embodiments, a composition consisting essentially of dry malt extract can be used to attract at least one cockroach. In certain embodiments, a composition consisting of dry malt extract can be used to attract at least one cockroach.

[0034] In certain embodiments, a composition including dry malt extract and a lethal agent can be used to attract at least one cockroach. In certain embodiments, a composition consisting essentially of dry malt extract and a lethal agent can be used to attract at least one cockroach. In certain embodiments, a composition consisting of dry malt extract and a lethal agent can be used to attract at least one cockroach. The composition can be used as a bait, and, optionally, can be included in a trap.

[0035] In certain embodiments, the dry malt extract can be present in an amount varying from about 1% to about 99% by weight of the composition. For example, the dry malt extract can be present in an amount of at least about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99% by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the dry malt extract can be present in an amount of no more than about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%), about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0036] In certain embodiments, a composition including one or more additives can be used to attract at least one cockroach. In certain embodiments, a composition consisting essentially of one or more additives can be used to attract at least one cockroach. In certain embodiments, a composition consisting of one or more additives can be used to attract at least one cockroach. In certain embodiments, a composition comprising dry malt extract and one or more additives can be used to attract at least one cockroach. In certain embodiments, a composition consisting essentially of dry malt extract and one or more additives can be used to attract at least one cockroach. In certain embodiments, a composition consisting of dry malt extract and one or more additive can be used to attract at least one cockroach. The composition can be used as a bait, and optionally, can be included in a trap. The additive can be isolated, purified, and/or synthetic. [0037] In certain embodiments, a composition including dry malt extract in an amount of about 1% to about 99% of the composition and one or more additives in an amount of 1%> to 99% of the composition can be used to attract at least one cockroach. For example, the dry malt extract can be present in an amount of at least about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0038] In some embodiments, the one or more additives can be present in an amount of at least about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%), about 97.5%, or about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0039] In certain embodiments, the dry malt extract can be present in an amount of no more than about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%), about 97.5%, or about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0040] In some embodiments, the one or more additives can be present in an amount of no more than about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%), about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99% by weight of the composition. The composition can be used as a bait, and optionally, can be included in a trap. The additive can be isolated, purified, and/or synthetic.

[0041] In any of the embodiments described herein, the composition can also include a lethal agent in an amount of 1 % to 99 % of the composition. The lethal agent can be a chemical agent, a pathogen, and/or a physical abrasive. In some embodiments, the lethal agent can be present in an amount of at least about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%), about 92.5%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99 by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the lethal agent can be present in an amount of no more than about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%, about 97.5%), or about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0042] In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein can include no more than two, no more than three, no more than four, no more than five, no more than six, no more than seven, no more than eight, no more than nine, no more than ten, no more than eleven, no more than twelve, no more than thirteen, no more than fourteen, no more than fifteen, no more than sixteen, no more than seventeen, no more than eighteen, no more than nineteen, no more than twenty, no more than twenty-five, no more than thirty, no more than thirty-five, and no more than forty additives. In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein can include at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, at least eleven, at least twelve, at least fifteen, at least eighteen, at least twenty, at least twenty-five, at least thirty, at least thirty-five, and at least forty additives. The additive can be isolated, purified, and/or synthetic.

[0043] In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein can include no more than one additive from each functional group class to which each additive belongs. In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein can include no more than two additives from each functional group class to which each additive belongs.

[0044] In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein can consist essentially of no more than two, no more than three, no more than four, no more than five, no more than six, no more than seven, no more than eight, no more than nine, no more than ten, no more than eleven, no more than twelve, no more than thirteen, no more than fourteen, no more than fifteen, no more than sixteen, no more than seventeen, no more than eighteen, no more than nineteen, no more than twenty, no more than twenty-five, no more than thirty, no more than thirty-five, and no more than forty additives. In certain embodiments, any of the compositions described herein can consist essentially of at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, at least eleven, at least twelve, at least fifteen, at least eighteen, at least twenty, at least twenty-five, at least thirty, at least thirty-five, and at least forty additives. The additive can be isolated, purified, and/or synthetic.

[0045] In certain embodiments, any of the compositions described herein can consist of no more than two, no more than three, no more than four, no more than five, no more than six, no more than seven, no more than eight, no more than nine, no more than ten, no more than eleven, no more than twelve, no more than thirteen, no more than fourteen, no more than fifteen, no more than sixteen, no more than seventeen, no more than eighteen, no more than nineteen, no more than twenty, no more than twenty-five, no more than thirty, no more than thirty-five, and no more than forty additives. The additive can be isolated, purified, and/or synthetic.

[0046] In certain embodiments, the composition can consist essentially of no more than two, no more than three, no more than four, no more than five, no more than six, no more than seven, no more than eight, no more than nine, no more than ten, no more than eleven, no more than twelve, no more than thirteen, no more than fourteen, no more than fifteen, no more than sixteen, no more than seventeen, no more than eighteen, no more than nineteen, and no more than twenty additives and one or more of bread, yeast, water, a lethal agent, and dry malt extract. In certain embodiments, any of the compositions described herein can comprise at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, at least eleven, at least twelve, at least fifteen, at least eighteen, at least twenty, at least twenty-five, at least thirty, at least thirty-five, and at least forty additives and one or more of bread, yeast, water, a lethal agent, and dry malt extract. The additive can be isolated, purified, and/or synthetic.

[0047] In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein can be combined with bread, water, yeast, or any combination thereof to attract at least one cockroach. The bread can be present in an amount of about 1% to about 99% of the composition. In some embodiments, the bread can be present in an amount of at least about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99 by weight of the composition.

[0048] In certain embodiments, the bread can be present in an amount of no more than about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%, about 97.5%), or about 99% by weight of the composition. The water can be present in an amount of 1% to 99% of the composition.

[0049] The yeast can be present in an amount of about 1% to about 99% of the composition. In some embodiments, the yeast can be present in an amount of at least about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99% by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the yeast can be present in an amount of no more than about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 17.5%, about 20%, about 22.5%, about 25%, about 27.5%, about 30%, about 32.5%, about 35%, about 37.5%, about 40%, about 42.5%, about 45%, about 47.5%, about 50%, about 52.5%, about 55%, about 57.5%, about 60%, about 62.5%, about 65%, about 67.5%, about 70%, about 72.5%, about 75%, about 77.5%, about 80%, about 82.5%, about 85%, about 87.5%, about 90%, about 92.5%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0050] In certain embodiments, the composition that attracts at least one cockroach can be formulated as a granule, a solid block, a gel, a paste, a liquid, or combinations thereof.

[0051] In certain embodiments, the at least one cockroach that can be attracted, and, optionally, knocked down and/or killed can be of the order Blattodea. In certain embodiments, the at least one cockroach can be a German cockroach {Blattella germanica), an oriental cockroach {Blatta orientalis), an American cockroach {Periplaneta americana), a brownbanded cockroach {Supella longipalpa), a brown cockroach {Periplaneta brunnea), a smokeybrown cockroach {Periplaneta fuliginosa), an Australian cockroach {Periplaneta australasiae), a Florida woods cockroach {Eurycotis floridana), or combinations thereof.

[0052] As can be appreciated, the described compositions can be included in a device for attracting at least one cockroach. The device can include a composition including dry malt extract, one or more additives, a lethal agent, yeast, bread, and/or water. The device can be an immobilizing device (e.g., a sticky trap or ajar trap), and the immobilizing device can include an adhesive material. The device can be an electrocuting device (e.g., an electrocution trap). In certain embodiments, with respect to at least one cockroach contacting, ensnared in, or entering the trap or device, the device or trap can be lethal to the at least one cockroach. Any of the devices described herein can be a trap. [0053] In certain embodiments, the device can contain a housing for receiving at least one cockroach, as well as any of the compositions described herein. In certain embodiments, the device can include a housing for receiving at least one cockroach, as well as a composition comprising a lethal agent and dry malt extract and/or one or more isolated additive.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 6, a device according to certain embodiments is disclosed. Device (100) can include Housing (110), as well as Composition (120). Composition (120) can include Dry Malt Extract (130) and Lethal Agent (140). In certain embodiments, Composition (120) can also include bread, yeast, and/or water.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 7, a device according to certain embodiments is disclosed. Device (100) can include Housing (110), as well as Composition (120). Composition (120) can include Additive (150) and Lethal Agent (140). In certain embodiments, Composition (120) can also include bread, yeast, and/or water.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 8, a device according to certain embodiments is disclosed. Device (100) can include Housing (110), as well as Composition (120). Composition (120) can include Dry Malt Extract (130), Lethal Agent (140) and Additive (150). In certain embodiments, Composition (120) can also include bread, yeast, and/or water.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 9, a device according to certain embodiments is disclosed. Device (100) can include Housing (110), as well as Composition (120). Composition (120) can include Additive (150). In certain embodiments, Composition (120) can also include bread, yeast, and/or water.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 10, a device according to certain embodiments is disclosed. Device (100) can include Housing (110), as well as Composition (120). Composition (120) can include Dry Malt Extract (130) and Additive (150). In certain embodiments, Composition (120) can also include bread, yeast, and/or water.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 11, a device according to certain embodiments is disclosed. Device (100) can include Housing (110), as well as Composition (120). Composition (120) can include Dry Malt Extract (130). In certain embodiments, Composition (120) can also include bread, yeast, and/or water. [0060] Any of the embodiments described herein can be used to selectively attract at least one cockroach. The at least one cockroach can be selectively attracted by providing any of the compositions described herein. The at least one cockroach can also be immobilized, knocked down, and/or killed by providing any of the compositions described herein with a lethal agent. The lethal agent can be one or more of a chemical, a pathogen, and/or a physical abrasive that is capable of causing immobilization, knockdown, and/or death of at least one cockroach. The composition can be provided in a dose that is sufficient to result in the attraction, and optionally, the immobilization, death, and/or knockdown of the at least one cockroach. Any of the embodiments described herein can be administered in a trap or device to attract, and optionally, to immobilize, knockdown, and/or kill, at least one cockroach. The trap or device can be an immobilizing device (e.g., a sticky trap or a jar trap), and the immobilizing device or trap can include an adhesive material. The device or trap can be an electrocuting device (e.g., an electrocutor trap). The device or trap can be a lethal device.

EXAMPLE 1

[0061] Maintenance of a German cockroach colony

[0062] A colony of German cockroaches was established using nymphs and adults obtained from the insectary of SC Johnson & Son (Racine, WI, USA). The colony was supplemented with specimens captured in apartment buildings in and near Vancouver, BC, Canada. The colony was reared in the Insectary Annex at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC. Cockroaches were kept in Plexiglas® cages (30 cm wide, 60 cm long and 45 cm high) fitted with two mesh-covered openings for air circulation, and maintained at 25 ± 1 °C and a 40-70 % relative humidity under a photoperiod of L14:D10. Panels of narrowly spaced particle board and paper towel coverings provided shelter. The diet consisted of Purina® Dog Food, fresh apple slices and water.

EXAMPLE 2

[0063] Bioassay methodology

[0064] For bioassays, six males were collected in a plastic tube (12.0 cm long x 3.0 cm diameter) containing a paper towel (1.5 cm ^χ 4.0 cm), and a cotton ball without water. Prior to bioassays, males were starved for 48 hours to enhance their propensity to respond to foods or semiochemicals.

[0065] Treatment stimuli were tested in various combinations against each other, water, or an unbaited control. The desired amount of each stimulus was placed in a glass Petri dish (5.0 cm diameter x 1 cm high). Liquid test stimuli were quantified in a 4 mL test tube or, when smaller amounts were needed, with a pipette. They were poured directly onto solid stimuli, directly into the Petri dish, or onto filter paper, depending on the hypothesis being tested.

[0066] A baited or unbaited (control) Petri dish was placed inside an electrical trap constructed from an open aluminum can (15.8 cm diameter x 16 cm high). When a cockroach contacts an insulated copper ribbon (1^st electrode) circling the inside wall of the can and is still in contact with the metal wall (2^nd electrode), it receives an electric shock and falls into the bottom of the trap, unable to escape. Traps were placed opposite to one another (180°) in a cylindrical Plexiglas® still-air arena (120 cm diameter x 42 cm high) 5 cm from the wall. Treatment and control stimuli were randomly assigned to each of the two positions following a complete randomized block design, blocking by day and location. There were between one and eight replicates of each treatment per day depending on the number of experiments being run in parallel. The temperature was maintained at 25 ± 2 °C for the entire duration of each bioassay (typically lasting 15 hours).

[0067] For each experimental replicate, two plastic holding tubes, each containing six starved male German cockroaches were placed at the centre of the arena and the cockroaches were allowed to exit on their own accord. Arenas were then covered with a Plexiglas® ceiling covered with a light darkening garbage bag over the top and any external lights were turned off. Conducting bioassays in the dark allowed for best representation of realistic foraging behavior.

[0068] On completion of a bioassay, a cockroach was classified as responding to a treatment if it was found at the bottom of a trap. Following each replicate, the arena and trap were cleaned with Fisherbrand Sparkleen® Laboratory detergent (Fisher Scientific Co. Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA) and moist paper towels. [0069] The two-choice experiments compared the attractiveness of a bait treatment to an unbaited control or one bait treatment to another. The mean catches in each experiment were compared by t-tests (a = 0.05).

EXAMPLE 3

[0070] Bioactivity of bread, with and without water

[0071] Traps baited with bread (German rye bread, Mundy Park Bakery, 1924 Cumo Lake Ave, Coquitlam, BC V3J 3R3) and water sources (Burnaby Municipal tap water) were tested as in Example 2 against unbaited control traps. Stimuli (bread alone or bread plus water) were placed in a Petri dish (5.0 cm diameter x 1 cm high), with an empty dish serving as the control. Treatments contained either 4 g of German rye bread (Experiment 1) or 4 g of German rye bread soaked in 4 mL of water (Experiment 2).

[0072] Bread (Experiment 1) and bread soaked in water (Experiment 2) were significantly more attractive than the unbaited control t = 6.3804, P = 0.0001, and t = 10.7217, P = 0.0001, respectively). In addition, in both experiments approximately 84% of the responding cockroaches were in the baited traps, indicating no difference in the potency of the baits between experiments. FIG. 1 depicts the mean number of German cockroach males captured in laboratory arena bioassays in traps baited with bread (Experiment 1) or bread and water (Experiment 2) in comparison to unbaited (empty) control traps. There were 12 replicates of 12 cockroaches each for both experiments. The mean (± SE) non-responders (cockroaches still in the arena) were 3.5 ± 0.5 in Experiment 1 and 2.8 ± 0.5 in Experiment 2. Within FIG. 1, bars within an experiment that are topped by different letters are significantly different. Because both bread and bread soaked in water were effective in attracting German cockroaches, bread was considered a suitable source of starting material for identifying the volatile odorants responsible for the observed attractiveness of bread.

EXAMPLE 4

[0073] Identification of a synthetic bread master blend

[0074] Headspace volatile odorants were collected from German rye bread. Bread aliquots (100 g or 500 g) were placed into a cylindrical Pyrex® glass chamber (15 cm diameter x 27 cm high), and charcoal-filtered air was drawn at 1 L/min in 24 hour intervals through a cylindrical Pyrex® glass tube (1.3 cm diameter x 14 cm high) containing 200 mg of Porapak-Q (50-80 mesh Waters Associates Inc., Milford, MA). Bread odorants were desorbed from Porapak-Q with 2 mL of pentane. Aliquots of Porapak-Q extracts were bioassayed for their ability to attract cockroaches.

[0075] Those aliquots of Porapak-Q extracts shown to be attractive were subjected to coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses. However, because these analyses were difficult to interpret, all captured bread odorants were identified by comparing their GC retention times and their mass spectra with those of authentic standards. In addition, a review of the literature (Schieberle and Grosch 1985; Schieberle and Grosch 1987; Chang et al. 1995; Cho and Peterson, 2010) disclosed additional odorants that can be present in bread but were absent in the Porapak-Q extracts described above. Those odorants that were most commonly identified in headspace volatiles of bread were added to those found by the above analysis to compile the master blend (MB) that was bioassayed in arena experiments. The master blend of volatile odorants is depicted in Table 1 and arranged by functional group.

TABLE 1

EXAMPLE 5

[0076] Bioactivity of the master blend (MB)

[0077] In Experiment 3, the MB compiled in EXAMPLE 4 was tested as in EXAMPLE 2 for its ability to attract male German cockroaches against 50 μΕ of pentane, serving as a control stimulus. Stimuli (the MB in 50 μΕ of pentane or 50 μΕ of pentane) were pipetted onto Whatman filter paper (4 cm diameter, GE Healthcare UK Limited, Buckinghamshire, UK) inside Petri dishes (5.0 cm diameter x 1 cm high) which were then placed as baits into the paired traps of the bioassay arena.

[0078] In Experiment 3 there were 21 replicates of 12 cockroaches each. The mean (±SE) for non-responders was 1.0 ± 0.3. The results of Experiment 3 demonstrate that the MB was surprisingly effective in attracting cockroaches (t = 10.1292, P = 0.0001) (FIG. 2). Of the responding cockroaches, 76.2% were in traps baited with the MB. In Figure 2, bars topped by different letters are significantly different. It can therefore be concluded that a composition of bread odorants alone is highly attractive to cockroaches even in the absence of water.

EXAMPLE 6

[0079] Bioactivity of dry malt extract alone or with water and yeast

[0080] In order to better examine the bio-activity of beer, three components used in making the beverage were tested in arena bioassays. In Experiment 4, a composition of Golden light malt extract (DME) (Briess Malt & Ingredients Co., Chilton, WI, USA), water (Burnaby Municipal tap water) and Belgian saison-style beer yeast (Lallemand Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada) was tested against a water control. The experimental stimulus was a 1.5 mL aliquot taken from a stock solution consisting of 15 g DME, 0.15 g beer yeast, and 150 mL water, which was allowed to ferment for 24 hours prior to testing, and the control stimulus was 4 mL of water. Liquids were pipetted into Petri dishes (5.0 cm diameter x 1 cm high) which were then used as trap baits in the bioassay arena. In Experiment 5, the three-component composition of DME, beer yeast and water was tested against 4 g of DME alone.

[0081] In both of Experiments 4 and 5, there were 12 replicates of 12 cockroaches each. There were no non-responders in Experiment 4, and 0.2 ± 0.1 in Experiment 5. The results of Experiment 4 unexpectedly demonstrated that a composition comprised of DME, water and yeast fermented for 24 hours was more effective than water in attracting cockroaches (t = 9.2470, P = 0.0001) (FIG. 3). Experiment 5 revealed no significant difference between the attractiveness of the three-component composition and DME alone (t = 2.0261, P = 0.0551) (FIG. 3). In Figure 3, bars within an experiment topped by different letters are significantly different, and bars within an experiment topped by the same letter are not significantly different. The fact that 44.4% of all captured cockroaches in Experiment 4 were in the trap with DME alone indicates that that it is an attractant in its own right.

[0082] These results constitute the novel discovery that DME is a previously unknown attractant for cockroaches. They also show that it can be used alone or in combination with water and yeast.

EXAMPLE 7

[0083] Comparative attractiveness of a dry malt extract, water and yeast composition, and commercial bait product

[0084] Three experiments compared the three-component composition of DME, water and yeast to Combat® commercial cockroach baits (Combat Insect Control Systems, Scottsdale, AZ , USA). Experiment 6 compared the three-component composition to Combat® Source Kill Max Small Roach bait (small roach bait), Experiment 7 tested the composition against Combat® Source Kill Max Large Roach bait (large roach bait) and Experiment 8 tested the composition against Combat® Source Kill Max Roach gel (roach gel). In each replicate, experimental and control stimuli were placed in Petri dishes (5.0 cm diameter x 1 cm high) and covered with an aluminum screen lid. The three-component composition consisted of 1.5-mL aliquots from a stock solution of 15 g DME, 0.15 g beer yeast and 150 mL water, allowed to ferment for 24 hours prior to testing. Commercial bait products consisted of approximately 1.2 g small roach bait, approximately 2.0 g large roach bait, and 1.5 g of roach gel. Combat® bait products were removed from purchased bait stations.

[0085] There were 13 replicates of 12 cockroaches each in Experiments 6 and 7, and 14 replicates in Experiment 8. The mean number of non-responders was 0.6 ± 0.2 in Experiment 6, 0.5 ± 0.2 in Experiment 7 and 0.5 ± 0.2 in Experiment 8.

[0086] The mean (± SE) number of male German cockroaches captured in Experiment 6, 7 and 8 in laboratory arena bioassays to traps baited with a composition of dry malt extract, yeast and water or to traps baited with Combat® small roach bait (Experiment 6), traps baited with Combat® large roach bait (Experiment 7) and Combat® gel roach bait (Experiment 8) are demonstrated in FIG. 4. In Figure 4, bars within an experiment topped by different letters are significantly different, and bars within an experiment topped by the same letter are not significantly different.

[0087] The results of Experiment 6 demonstrate surprisingly that traps baited with the DME with water and yeast captured significantly more German cockroaches than the Combat® small roach bait as depicted in FIG. 4 (t = 3.0451, P = 0.0056). Experiment 7 revealed that the three- component composition was not significantly different as a trap bait than the commercial large cockroach commercial bait (t = 0.0000, P = 1.0000) (FIG. 4). However, in Experiment 8, the DME, water and yeast composition was significantly more attractive than the commercial roach gel (t = 2.9586, P = 0.0065) (FIG. 4).

[0088] FIG. 4 further depicts the mean number of male German cockroaches captured in Experiment 6, 7 and 8 in laboratory arena bioassays to traps baited with a composition of dry malt extract, yeast and water or to traps baited with Combat® small roach bait (Experiment 6), traps baited with Combat® large roach bait (Experiment 7) and Combat® gel roach bait (Experiment 8) are demonstrated in FIG. 4. There were 13 replicates of 12 cockroaches each in Experiments 6 and 7 and 14 replicates in Experiment 8. The mean (± SE) number of non- responders was 0.6 ± 0.2 in Experiment 6, 0.5 ± 0.2 in Experiment 7, and 0.5 ± 0.2 in Experiment 8. Bars within an experiment topped by different letters are significantly different (t- test, P < 0.01). Bars within an experiment topped by the same letter are not significantly different (t-test, P > 0.05).

[0089] Experiments 6 to 8 show that dry malt extract is competitive with, or better than, a standard commercial product as a bait for cockroach traps. It could potentially be used alone, or with additional components that could include water, yeast, bread, and a blend of bread volatiles.

EXAMPLE 8

[0090] Field testing of composition and dry malt extract

[0091] Paired Experiments 9 and 10 and paired Experiments 11 and 12 evaluated the effectiveness of dry malt extract compositions described herein to attract cockroaches in infested kitchens. In Experiments 9 to 12, experimental stimuli were placed in Petri dishes (4.0 cm diameter x 1 cm high) resting in the centre of sticky traps (Trapper Max Free Glue Trap, Bell Laboratories, Inc. Madison, WI, USA, sticky surface 15.9 cm x 10.8 cm) on the floors of two infested kitchens, one in Vancouver and the other in Richmond BC, Canada, where infestations of German cockroaches had been identified. Control treatments were empty Petri dishes placed on the sticky surface of traps 25 cm distant from the experimental traps. The sticky traps were folded into a rectangular open-ended prism with the sticky surface on the inside. Placement of experimental and control traps in all experiments was completely randomized.

[0092] Experiment 9 (N = 49), tested a composition consisting of a 1.5 mL mixture of 15 g DME (Golden light malt extract, Briess Malt & Ingredients Co., Chilton, WI, USA), 0.15 g beer yeast (Belgian saison-style beer yeast, Lallemand Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada) and 150 mL water (Burnaby municipal tap water) against an unbaited control. The experimental stimulus was allowed to ferment for 24 hours prior to testing. Concurrent Experiment 10 (N = 51) tested 2.0 g of Combat® Source Kill Max Large Roach bait (large roach bait) (Combat Insect Control Systems, Scottsdale, AZ, USA) against an unbaited control. Liquid experimental stimuli were pipetted into Petri dishes (4.0 cm diameter ^χ 1 cm high) which were then placed in the centre of sticky traps on the floors of the infested kitchens. Pairs of traps for the two experiments were > 50 cm apart. Replication was done over four time periods with multiple replicates in each kitchen for each period.

[0093] Experiments 11 (N = 58) and 12 (N = 58) were identical to Experiments 9 and 10 except that they were conducted at a later date, and the experimental treatment in Experiment 11 was 1.5 g of DME (Briess Malt & Ingredients Co., Chilton, WI, USA) without yeast and water.

[0094] Traps were checked every 48 h, except that replicates set up on a Friday were checked the following Monday. Traps were removed after each replicate was completed and replaced with fresh baits and sticky traps. The numbers of captured cockroach adults and nymphs were combined and the totals for treated and control traps within an experiment were analyzed by t- tests (a = 0.05).

[0095] The results of Experiments 9 and 10 were surprisingly similar (FIG. 5); bars within an experiment topped by different letters are significantly different (t-test, P < 0.05). On average in Experiment 9, traps baited with DME, yeast and water fermented for 24 hours captured 2.13 times more German cockroaches than unbaited control traps (t = 2.8114, P = 0.0030). In Experiment 10, traps baited Combat® large roach bait captured an identical 2.13 times more German cockroaches than unbaited control traps (t = 2.6361, P = 0.0048), indicating that the DME composition and Combat® large roach bait had equal efficacy.

[0096] Surprisingly, the results of Experiments 11 and 12 showed that DME was comparable in potency to the composition of DME, yeast and water in Experiments 9 and 10 (FIG. 5); bars within an experiment topped by different letters are significantly different (t-test, P < 0.05). In Experiment 11 traps baited with DME captured 1.86 times more German cockroaches than unbaited control traps (t = 1.8099, P = 0.0365). In Experiment 12, traps baited with Combat large roach bait captured 1.74 times more German cockroaches than unbaited control traps (t = 1.6860, P = 0.0473). These comparisons indicate that DME and Combat® large roach bait had almost equal efficacy, and that DME alone was as effective as the DME composition with yeast and water added.

[0097] Because there were almost identical differences between baited and control traps for paired Experiments 9 and 10, and also for Experiments 11 and 12 two conclusions can be drawn. First, because DME alone is competitive with DME, yeast and water, DME could be used alone in practical applications. Second, because both DME, yeast and water and DME alone were virtually equal in performance to Combat® large roach bait, the efficacy of baits with either DME, yeast and water or DME alone, would be similar to that of a widely used commercial product.

[0098] The following documents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties: Chang,

C. Y., L.M. Seitz and E. Chambers IV. 1995. Volatile flavor components of breads made from hard red winter wheat and hard white winter wheat. Cereal Chemistry 72: 237-242; Cho, I.H. and

D. G. Peterson. 2010. Chemistry of bread aroma: a review. Food Science and Biotechnology 19: 575-582; Kells, S. and G. Bennett. 1998. Providing a balanced diet for German cockroaches. Pest Control 66: 34-36; Raubenheimer, D. and S.A. Jones. 2006. Nutritional imbalance in an extreme generalist omnivore: tolerance and recovery through complementary food selection. Animal Behaviour 71 : 1253-1262; Rehn, J. A. 1945. Man's uninvited fellow traveler - the cockroach. The Scientific Monthly 61 : 265-276; Schieberle, P. and W. Grosch. 1985. Identification of the volatile flavour compounds of wheat bread crust-comparison with rye bread crust. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung 180: 474-478; Schieberle, P. and W. Grosch. 1987. Evaluation of the flavour of wheat and rye bread crusts by aroma extract dilution analysis. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, 185: 111-113; and Wang, C. and G.W. Bennett. 2006. Comparison of cockroach traps and attractants for monitoring German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Environmental Entomology 35: 765-770.

[0099] It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

[00100] Every document cited herein, including any cross-referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests, or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in the document shall govern.

The foregoing description of embodiments and examples has been presented for purposes of description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to the forms described. Numerous modifications are possible in light of the above teachings. Some of those modifications have been discussed and others will be understood by those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described for illustration of ordinary skill in the art. Rather it is hereby intended the scope be defined by the claims appended various embodiments. The scope is, of course, not limited to the examples or embodiments set forth herein, but can be employed in any number of applications and equivalent articles by those of hereto.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A composition for selectively attracting one or more cockroaches, the composition comprising: dry malt extract; and a lethal agent.

2. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or more isolated additives, the isolated additives comprising hexanal, benzaldehyde, phenyl acetal aldehyde, nonanal, 3- methylbutanal, (Z)-4-heptenal, (£)-2-heptenal, (£)-2-octenal, (£)-2-nonenal, (2£^',6Z)-nonadienal, acetyl aldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, (2£^',4_JE)-decadienal, butyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, hexanol, l-octen-3-ol, ethanol, 3- methyl-l-butanol, phenylethyl alcohol, l-octen-3-one, 2-heptanone, acetone, 2-octanone, furan- 2-carbaldehyde, 2-furanmethanol, 2-acetylfuran, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 2,6- dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2-methyl-3-ethylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, ethyl lactate, 2,3-butandione, pyruvic aldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, methional, 2-methoxy-4- vinylphenol, and 2-methoxyphenol.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the isolated additive is synthetic or purified.

4. The composition according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein each of the isolated additives is classified by functional group as an aldehyde, an ester, an alcohol, a ketone, a furan, a pyrazine, or as a multifunctional isolated additive; and wherein the composition comprises one isolated additive of each functional group.

5. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, further comprising one or more of water and yeast.

6. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lethal agent comprises one or more of a chemical agent, a pathogen, a physical abrasive, and a trap.

7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the chemical agent comprises one or more of avermectin, abamamectin, borax, boric acid, sodium metaborate, fipronil,

hydramethylnon, indoxacarb, hydroprene, methoprene, pyriproxifen, flufenoxuron,

diflubenzuron, chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, triflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, allethrin, bioallethrin, cyfluthrin, cyphenothrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, permethrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, acephate, chlopyrifos, dichlorvos, malathion, fenitrothion, diazinon, jodfenphos, pirimiphos methyl, propetamphos, naled, propetamphos, carbaryl, bendiocarb, propoxur, and propetamphos.

8. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the pathogen comprises one or more of Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Nosema periplanetae .

9. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the physical abrasive comprises one or more of silica aerogel, diatomaceous earth, amorphous silica, or combinations thereof.

10. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 9 selectively attracts one or more cockroaches, wherein the one or more cockroaches are selected from the group consisting of a German cockroach, an oriental cockroach, a brownbanded cockroach, a brown cockroach, a smokeybrown cockroach, an Australian cockroach, a Florida woods cockroach, and combination thereof.

11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the one or more cockroaches comprise German cockroaches.

12. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition is in the form of a granule, a solid block, a gel, a paste, a liquid, or a combination thereof.

13. A device for selectively attracting one or more cockroaches comprising: a housing for receiving the one or more cockroaches; a composition comprising dry malt extract and disposed proximal to or within the housing.

14. The device according to claim 13 is an immobilizing device or an electrocuting device.

15. The device according to claim 13 or claim 14 further comprising a lethal agent.

16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the composition comprises the lethal agent.

17. The device according to any of claims 13 to 14, wherein the composition further comprises one or more isolated additives, the isolated additives comprising hexanal,

benzaldehyde, phenyl acetal aldehyde, nonanal, 3-methylbutanal, (Z)-4-heptenal, (£)-2-heptenal, (£)-2-octenal, (£)-2-nonenal, (2E,6Z)-nonadienal, acetylaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, (2E,4E)- decadienal, butyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, hexanol, l-octen-3-ol, ethanol, 3 -methyl- 1-butanol, phenylethyl alcohol, 1- octen-3-one, 2-heptanone, acetone, 2-octanone, furan-2-carbaldehyde, 2-furanm ethanol, 2- acetylfuran, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethyl-3- ethylpyrazine, 2-methyl-3-ethylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, ethyl lactate, 2,3-butandione, pyruvic aldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, methional, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and 2-methoxyphenol.

18. A method of selectively attracting one or more cockroaches, the method comprising: providing a composition comprising dry malt extract and a lethal agent.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more cockroaches comprise a German cockroach.

20. A composition for selectively attracting at least one cockroach, the composition comprising: one or more isolated additives, the isolated additives comprising hexanal, benzaldehyde, phenyl acetal aldehyde, nonanal, 3-methylbutanal, (Z)-4-heptenal, (£)-2-heptenal, (£)-2-octenal, (£)-2-nonenal, (2E,6Z)-nonadienal, acetylaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, (2£^',4_JE)-decadienal, butyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, hexanol, l-octen-3-ol, ethanol, 3-methyl-l-butanol, phenylethyl alcohol, l-octen-3-one, 2- heptanone, acetone, 2-octanone, furan-2-carbaldehyde, 2-furanmethanol, 2-acetylfuran, 5- (hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2-methyl- 3-ethylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, ethyl lactate, 2,3-butandione, pyruvic aldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2- butanone, methional, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and 2-methoxyphenol; and a lethal agent.