WO2017071262A1

WO2017071262A1 - Network switching method, device and terminal equipment

Info

Publication number: WO2017071262A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/086894
Authority: WO
Inventors: 马玉明
Original assignee: 乐视控股（北京）有限公司; 乐视移动智能信息技术（北京）有限公司
Priority date: 2015-10-28
Filing date: 2016-06-23
Publication date: 2017-05-04
Also published as: CN105873156A

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a network switching method, device and terminal equipment. The method comprises: detecting a network signal strength corresponding to a currently accessed SSID; if the network signal strength is lower than a predetermined switching threshold, sorting network signal strengths corresponding to other SSIDs the uses of which are authorized to acquire the sorted result; and switching a network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to a network corresponding to other SSID in the sorted result according to the sorted result. The terminal equipment, by using this intelligent SSID switching method, can prevent the problem in which a signal of an SSID to which the terminal equipment is connected weakens or the network connection is even interrupted as the distance from the connected SSID source increases in the moving process of the terminal equipment because the terminal equipment can automatically connect to an SSID having strong signals, thus providing better network experience for the user.

Description

Network switching method, device and terminal device

The present application claims the priority of the Chinese Patent Application Serial No. PCT Application No.

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a network switching method, apparatus, and terminal device.

Background technique

With the development of Internet technology, more and more heterogeneous networks are available. Mobile communication networks based on General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and 3rd Generation (3G) can provide Large-scale network coverage, while the demand for terminal equipment networking or access to mobile communication networks has increased, wireless local area network (WLAN) technology has developed rapidly, and any organization can deploy itself or It is a way to rent multiple access points (APs) to form a single WLAN network, and then provide free or chargeable wireless access services.

It is common for terminal devices to use WLAN networks. When a terminal device is in a certain location, it can usually search for multiple WLANs covering the location, such as a paid WLAN set up by the operator, a free WLAN set up by the user, a free WLAN set up at the office, and the like. So many WLAN networks increase the complexity of user usage.

In the process of implementing the present application, the inventors found that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:

When there are multiple SSIDs in the environment where the terminal device is located, the terminal device saves multiple SSIDs that are entitled to use, and selects one of the SSIDs for network connection. However, the problem that often occurs is that during the movement of the terminal device, as the distance from the connected SSID source is increased, the SSID signal that the terminal device has connected to is weakened, and even the network connection is interrupted.

Summary of the invention

The application provides a network switching method, device and terminal device. To solve the problem that during the movement of the terminal device, the terminal device is connected as the distance from the connected SSID source is increased. The SSID signal will be weakened and even the network connection will be interrupted.

The application provides a network switching method, including:

Detecting the strength of the network signal corresponding to a certain SSID currently accessed;

If the network signal strength is lower than the preset switching threshold, sorting the network signal strengths corresponding to other SSIDs that are authorized to use, and obtaining the sorting result;

According to the sorting result, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result.

Further, in the foregoing method, before the detecting the network signal strength corresponding to a certain SSID, the method further includes:

Search all SSIDs in your area;

Apply for permission for each SSID;

Save all SSIDs for the application to the privilege.

Further, in the above method, according to the sorting result, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result, including:

According to the sorting result, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the SSID with the highest network signal strength in the sorting result;

or,

Determining at least two SSIDs in the ranking result that the network signal strength exceeds a preset strength threshold, determining an SSID with the highest user switching frequency among the at least two SSIDs, and switching the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the The network corresponding to the SSID with the highest frequency of user switching;

or,

Determining at least two SSIDs whose network signal strength exceeds a preset strength threshold in the sorting result, determining an SSID with the highest data transmission speed among the at least two SSIDs, and switching the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the data The network corresponding to the SSID with the highest transmission speed.

Further, in the foregoing method, before the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result, the method further includes:

Sending a network switch request message to the user;

Receiving a network handover confirmation message sent by the user.

Further, in the above method, the network switching request message includes the sorting result, so that the user selects an SSID of the required handover according to the sorting result;

Correspondingly, the receiving the network handover confirmation message sent by the user includes:

Receiving a network handover confirmation message sent by the user that includes the SSID selected by the user.

Further, in the above method, the network switching request message includes at least two SSIDs, where the at least two SSIDs are SSIDs whose network signal strength exceeds a preset strength preset in the sorting result, so that the user according to the The at least two SSIDs select an SSID to be switched;

The application also provides a network switching device, including:

a detecting module, configured to detect a network signal strength corresponding to a certain SSID currently accessed;

a sorting module, if the network signal strength is lower than a preset switching threshold, sorting network signal strengths corresponding to other SSIDs that are authorized to use, and obtaining a sorting result;

And a switching module, configured to switch, according to the sorting result, a network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to a network corresponding to another SSID in the sorting result.

Further, in the above device, the detecting module is further configured to:

Before detecting the network signal strength corresponding to a certain SSID, search for all SSIDs in the area; apply for rights for each SSID; save all SSIDs for the application to the rights.

Further, in the above apparatus, the switching module is specifically configured to:

or,

Further, in the above device, the switching module is further configured to:

Before the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result according to the sorting result, the network switching request message is sent to the user, and the network switching confirmation message sent by the user is received. .

Further, in the foregoing apparatus, the network switching request message includes the sorting result, so that the user selects an SSID of a required handover according to the sorting result;

Correspondingly, the switching module is specifically configured to:

Further, in the above device, the network switching request message includes at least two SSIDs, and the at least two SSIDs are SSIDs in which the network signal strength exceeds a preset strength preset in the sorting result, so that the user according to the The at least two SSIDs select an SSID to be switched;

Correspondingly, the switching module is specifically configured to:

The application also provides a terminal device, including the network switching device.

The application provides a network switching method, device and terminal device. The detecting module of the terminal device detects the network signal strength corresponding to the current SSID; if the network signal strength is lower than the preset switching threshold, the sorting module of the terminal device may use the network signal corresponding to the other SSIDs that are authorized to use. The strength is sorted to obtain the sorting result; the switching module of the terminal device switches the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result according to the sorting result. Through the intelligent method of switching the SSID, the terminal device can avoid the problem that the SSID signal of the terminal device is weakened or even the network connection is interrupted as the distance between the terminal device and the connected SSID source is increased during the moving process. The terminal device automatically performs a strong SSID connection mode to provide a better network experience for the user.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description of the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description It is some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other ones according to these drawings without paying creative labor. The figure.

1 is a flowchart of Embodiment 1 of a network switching method according to the present application;

2 is a schematic diagram of a first switching manner of a network switching method according to the present application;

3 is a schematic diagram of a second switching manner of a network switching method according to the present application;

4 is a schematic diagram of a third switching manner of the network switching method of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a user manually confirming a switching mode 1 according to the network switching method of the present application;

6 is a schematic diagram of a user manually confirming a switching mode 2 in the network switching method of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a network switching module according to the present application.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without departing from the inventive scope are the scope of the present application.

Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of Embodiment 1 of a network switching method according to the present application. As shown in the figure, the network switching method includes the following steps:

S101. Detect a network signal strength that is currently connected to an SSID (Service Set Identifier).

Terminal devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, tablets, etc., when connected to the wireless network in the area where the Internet is connected, the strength of the connected wireless network signal will occur due to various reasons, such as the distance between the terminal device and the signal source. The change, the change of the number of devices using the same wireless network in the same time period, etc., changes, and the terminal device needs to detect the network signal strength corresponding to the SSID that it has accessed to see whether the terminal device meets the requirements for the Internet access rate.

S102. If the network signal strength is lower than a preset handover threshold, sort the network signal strengths corresponding to other SSIDs that are authorized to use, and obtain a ranking result.

Generally speaking, the strength of the wireless network signal connected by the terminal device is composed of four short to long arc lines. The weaker the wireless signal, the fewer the number of black arc lines. In the terminal device, the user can set a signal strength of the connected wireless network according to the requirements of the terminal device for the Internet access rate. A switching threshold, such as -80dBm, on the terminal device, the display corresponding to this value is two black signal lines. When the strength of the SSID connected to the terminal device is lower than the preset switching threshold, when the signal strength of the terminal device shows only one black signal line, the terminal device sorts the network signal strengths corresponding to other SSIDs that the user has permission to use, and obtains Sort results.

S103. Switch the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the network corresponding to the other SSID in the sorting result according to the sorting result.

After the terminal device obtains all the SSID signal strength ranking results that are used by the terminal, the network corresponding to the SSID that is now connected is switched to one of the networks corresponding to the SSIDs that the terminal device has ordered to use.

In this embodiment, the terminal device detects the network signal strength corresponding to a certain SSID currently accessed; if the network signal strength is lower than the preset handover threshold, the terminal device sorts the network signal strengths corresponding to other SSIDs that are authorized to use. And obtaining the sorting result; the terminal device switches the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result according to the sorting result. Through the intelligent method of switching the SSID, the terminal device can avoid the problem that the SSID signal of the terminal device is weakened or even the network connection is interrupted as the distance between the terminal device and the connected SSID source is increased during the moving process. The terminal device automatically performs a strong SSID connection mode to provide a better network experience for the user.

Optionally, before performing S101, the terminal device may first search for all SSIDs in the area, apply for rights for each SSID, and save all SSIDs applied for permission, thereby facilitating subsequent network switching selection.

Optionally, the terminal device can perform network switching directly under the condition that the user does not perceive, or ask the user whether to perform network switching before performing the handover, and determine whether to perform network switching and specifically switch to the user according to the response of the user. Which network.

For the technical solution that the terminal device does not need the user to perceive automatic network switching, the following optional technical solutions may be included:

According to the result of the sorting, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the SSID with the highest network signal strength in the sorting result;

Specifically, it may be the method shown in FIG. 2. If the terminal device has the right to use five different SSIDs, respectively named SSID1, SSID2, SSID3, SSID4, and SSID5, if the terminal device is connected to SSID1, the signal strength Already less than the connection threshold, and the other four The signal strength of the SSID is shown as: SSID2 is a black signal line, SSID3 is two black signal lines, SSID3 is three black signal lines, SSID5 is four black signal lines, and the terminal device will arrange SSID2-SSID5 in the following order: SSID5 , SSID4, SSID3, SSID2, after which the terminal device will switch the connected SSID1 to SSID5 for users to use online.

The second method determines that the network signal strength exceeds the preset strength threshold, and determines the SSID with the highest user switching frequency among the at least two SSIDs, and switches the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID. a network corresponding to the SSID with the highest frequency of user switching;

Specifically, it may be the method shown in FIG. 3, when there are four SSIDs having authority to use in the area where the terminal device is located, respectively named SSID-a, SSID-b, SSID-c, and SSID-d, if the terminal device The signal strength of the connected SSID-a is less than the connection threshold. The signal strengths of the other three SSIDs are greater than the threshold, and the signal strengths of SSID-b and SSID-c are the same and stronger than the SSID-d signal. Usually use the frequency data of SSID-b and SSID-c for comparison. If the frequency of the user using SSID-b is greater than the frequency of using SSID-c, the terminal device will automatically switch the connected SSID-a to SSID-b. Users use the Internet.

The third embodiment determines the SSID of the at least two SSIDs with the highest data transmission speed, and determines the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID. The network corresponding to the SSID with the highest data transmission speed.

Specifically, it may be the method shown in FIG. 4, when there are four SSIDs having authority to use in the area where the terminal device is located, respectively named SSID-A, SSID-B, SSID-C, and SSID-D, if the terminal device The signal strength of the connected SSID-A is less than the connection threshold. The signal strengths of the other three SSIDs are greater than the threshold. When the signal strengths of SSID-B and SSID-C are the same and stronger than the signals of SSID-D, the background will be SSID. -B and SSID-C compare the data transmission speed. If the data transmission speed of SSID-B is greater than the data transmission speed of SSID-C, the terminal device will switch the connected SSID-A to SSID-B.

The switching policy in the foregoing various network switching processes may be preset by the device manufacturer when the terminal device is shipped from the factory, or may be preset by the user in the terminal device.

For the network switching that the user perceives, before S103, the terminal device may first send a network switching request message to the user, so that the user may be prompted to perform network switching and query. After the network switching is performed, the terminal device switches the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the network corresponding to the other SSID in the sorting result according to the sorting result.

In a specific implementation, the user may also participate in the network selection to indicate the network to be selected by the terminal device. It can be implemented in the following two scenarios:

Solution 1: The terminal device carries the sorting result in the network handover request message and sends the message to the user. After selecting the SSID of the required handover according to the sorting result, the user may carry the selected SSID in the network handover confirmation message and then send the information to the terminal device. .

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the terminal device may display all the SSID names and signal strengths that are used by the rights in the display interface of the terminal device in the form of a pop-up window, wherein the SSID name may be sorted according to the signal strength from weak to strong. . In this embodiment, the terminal device is connected to the SSID of "No. 1", and the user can select the SSID of the required handover from among the switchable SSIDs. After the user clicks the "confirm" item in the window, the terminal device can Sending a network switch confirmation message with the SSID that the user needs to switch to the terminal device. For example, if the user selects the “No. 5” SSID, the terminal device can learn from the message that the SSID that the user wants to switch, so that the connected device will be connected. The "No. 1" network is switched to the "No. 5" network for users to use the Internet.

Users can choose according to various considerations, such as the network signal strength, the network that is frequently selected, and so on.

Solution 2: The terminal device can know the network signal strength of all SSIDs that the user has permission to connect, thereby obtaining the sorting result, and the terminal device can not completely send the sorting result to the user for the user to select the SSID, but can pre-select all the SSIDs. The network signal strength exceeds at least two SSIDs of the preset strength threshold, and the at least two SSIDs are carried in the network handover request message and sent to the user for selection by the user, and the user may select one SSID from the at least two SSIDs and carry the The network switch confirmation message is sent to the terminal device.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the terminal device pops up a handover request window to the user, where the window includes two SSIDs whose terminal network equipment has a network signal strength that exceeds a preset strength threshold and has the same signal strength, and the terminal device is connected. The SSID, the two pre-selected SSIDs can be the two of the best signal strengths in the area where the terminal device is located. In this embodiment, the SSID that the terminal device has connected is No.1, and the candidate SSIDs are No.2 and No.3, respectively, and the user can select the SSID of the required handover from among the switchable SSIDs, and wait for the user to click. In the window After the item is recognized, the terminal device can send a network switch confirmation message with the SSID that the user needs to switch to the terminal device. For example, the user selects the “No. 2” SSID, and the terminal device can learn the user from the message. The SSID that you want to switch, thus switching the connected "No.1" network to the "No.2" network for users to use online.

When users make choices, they can rely on various considerations, such as frequently selected networks, etc.

In this embodiment, the network corresponding to the SSID that the terminal device has accessed is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result, including two modes: user-unaware network switching and user-aware network switching, and the user's non-perceived network. The switching mode is that the terminal device automatically switches the SSID in the background. The network switching mode that the user perceives is that the terminal device presents the SSID sorting result that has the right to use to the user, and the user decides whether to switch the wireless network, and the two different manners can be used. The user conveniently switches the SSID of the terminal device connection when the connected SSID signal strength does not reach the preset threshold under different usage conditions. The way in which the two terminal devices switch the SSID can bring a better network experience to the user.

Embodiment 2

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a network switching module according to the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, the network switching apparatus includes a detecting module 11, a sorting module 12, and a switching module 13.

The detecting module 11 is configured to detect a network signal strength corresponding to a certain SSID currently accessed;

The sorting module 12 is configured to: if the network signal strength is lower than the preset switching threshold, sort the network signal strengths corresponding to the other SSIDs that are authorized to use, and obtain the sorting result;

The switching module 13 is configured to switch, according to the sorting result, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result.

Optionally, the detecting module 11 is further configured to:

Further, the switching module 13 is specifically configured to:

or,

Determining at least two SSIDs in the ranking result that the network signal strength exceeds a preset intensity threshold, Determining the SSID with the highest user switching frequency among the at least two SSIDs, and switching the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the network corresponding to the SSID with the highest user switching frequency;

or,

Determining at least two SSIDs in which the network signal strength exceeds the preset intensity threshold in the sorting result, determining the SSID with the highest data transmission speed in the at least two SSIDs, and switching the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the SSID having the highest data transmission speed. network of.

Optionally, the switching module 13 is further configured to:

Before the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result according to the sorting result, the network switching request message is sent to the user, and the network switching confirmation message sent by the user is received.

Further, the network switching request message includes a sorting result, so that the user selects the SSID of the required switching according to the sorting result;

Correspondingly, the switching module 13 is specifically configured to:

A network handover confirmation message sent by the user including the SSID selected by the user is received.

Further, the network switching request message includes at least two SSIDs, and at least two SSIDs are SSIDs whose network signal strength exceeds a preset intensity threshold in the sorting result, so that the user selects the SSID of the required switching according to the at least two SSIDs;

Correspondingly, the switching module 13 is specifically configured to:

The device described in the foregoing embodiment of the present application may be configured to perform the technical solutions of the foregoing method embodiments, and the implementation principles and technical effects thereof are similar, and details are not described herein again.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal device. The terminal device in this embodiment may be any device such as a mobile phone or a tablet computer in the prior art, and has a similar architecture. Taking a mobile phone as an example, it may include a baseband portion, a radio frequency portion, a processor, a memory, an antenna, and the like. In particular, the terminal device may include the network switching device described in FIG. 7 above, so that the terminal device can be provided with the network switching method protected by the method embodiment shown in FIG. 1-6.

The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, ie may be located in one place. Or it can be distributed to at least two network elements. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs. The purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without deliberate labor.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for explaining the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited thereto; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application. range.

Claims

A network switching method, comprising:

Detecting the strength of the network signal corresponding to a certain SSID currently accessed;

If the network signal strength is lower than the preset switching threshold, sorting the network signal strengths corresponding to other SSIDs that are authorized to use, and obtaining the sorting result;

According to the sorting result, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result.
The method according to claim 1, wherein before detecting the network signal strength corresponding to a certain SSID, the method further includes:

Search all SSIDs in your area;

Apply for permission for each SSID;

Save all SSIDs for the application to the privilege.
The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, according to the sorting result, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result, including:

According to the sorting result, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the SSID with the highest network signal strength in the sorting result;

or,

Determining at least two SSIDs in the ranking result that the network signal strength exceeds a preset strength threshold, determining an SSID with the highest user switching frequency among the at least two SSIDs, and switching the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the The network corresponding to the SSID with the highest frequency of user switching;

or,

Determining at least two SSIDs whose network signal strength exceeds a preset strength threshold in the sorting result, determining an SSID with the highest data transmission speed among the at least two SSIDs, and switching the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the data The network corresponding to the SSID with the highest transmission speed.
The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, before the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result, the method further includes:

Sending a network switch request message to the user;

Receiving a network handover confirmation message sent by the user.
The method according to claim 4, wherein the network switching request message includes the sorting result, so that the user selects an SSID of a required handover according to the sorting result;

Correspondingly, the receiving the network handover confirmation message sent by the user includes:

Receiving a network handover confirmation message sent by the user that includes the SSID selected by the user.
The method according to claim 4, wherein the network handover request message includes at least two SSIDs, and the at least two SSIDs are SSIDs in which the network signal strength exceeds a preset intensity threshold in the ranking result, Having the user select an SSID of the required handover according to the at least two SSIDs;

Correspondingly, the receiving the network handover confirmation message sent by the user includes:

Receiving a network handover confirmation message sent by the user that includes the SSID selected by the user.
A network switching device, comprising:

a detecting module, configured to detect a network signal strength corresponding to a certain SSID currently accessed;

a sorting module, if the network signal strength is lower than a preset switching threshold, sorting network signal strengths corresponding to other SSIDs that are authorized to use, and obtaining a sorting result;

And a switching module, configured to switch, according to the sorting result, a network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to a network corresponding to another SSID in the sorting result.
The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the detecting module is further configured to:

Before detecting the network signal strength corresponding to a certain SSID, search for all SSIDs in the area; apply for rights for each SSID; save all SSIDs for the application to the rights.
The device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the switching module is specifically configured to:

According to the sorting result, the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the SSID with the highest network signal strength in the sorting result;

or,

Determining at least two SSIDs in which the network signal strength exceeds a preset intensity threshold in the ranking result, and determining an SSID with the highest user switching frequency among the at least two SSIDs, which is currently connected The network corresponding to the entered SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the SSID with the highest user switching frequency;

or,

Determining at least two SSIDs whose network signal strength exceeds a preset strength threshold in the sorting result, determining an SSID with the highest data transmission speed among the at least two SSIDs, and switching the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID to the data The network corresponding to the SSID with the highest transmission speed.
The device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the switching module is further configured to:

Before the network corresponding to the currently accessed SSID is switched to the network corresponding to the other SSIDs in the sorting result according to the sorting result, the network switching request message is sent to the user, and the network switching confirmation message sent by the user is received. .
The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the network switching request message includes the sorting result, so that the user selects an SSID of a required handover according to the sorting result;

Correspondingly, the switching module is specifically configured to:

Receiving a network handover confirmation message sent by the user that includes the SSID selected by the user.
The device according to claim 10, wherein the network switching request message includes at least two SSIDs, and the at least two SSIDs are SSIDs in which the network signal strength exceeds a preset strength preset in the ranking result. So that the user selects the SSID of the required handover according to the at least two SSIDs;

Correspondingly, the switching module is specifically configured to:

Receiving a network handover confirmation message sent by the user that includes the SSID selected by the user.
A terminal device comprising the device of any one of claims 7-12.