WO2017067120A1 - 一种光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法 - Google Patents
一种光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- the invention relates to a method for acquiring low voltage traversing data of a photovoltaic power plant, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation.
- Solar energy is the most abundant energy on the planet. Solar energy is less restricted by geography and can be used in almost any area of the world without transportation. Solar energy resources are inexhaustible and inexhaustible. They are a clean renewable energy source.
- Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation transmits power to the power grid through inverters, and large-scale photovoltaic power plants are mostly grid-connected photovoltaic power generation.
- the complete test data is one of the basic conditions for establishing a PV power plant model.
- the low voltage ride-through test can reflect the dynamic response characteristics of the power station when it encounters a power grid fault.
- Low voltage traversal means that when a power system accident or disturbance causes a voltage drop at the grid point of a photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic power station can ensure continuous operation without off-grid within a certain voltage drop range and time interval.
- Photovoltaic power plants are made up of tens to hundreds of low-power photovoltaic power generation units in parallel. Currently, low-voltage ride-through tests are generally conducted for power generation units.
- the power supply fault can be simulated by connecting a voltage drop generating device, thereby obtaining test data using the measuring device.
- this method can only obtain the low voltage ride through test data of the power generation unit level, and is not suitable for obtaining the low voltage ride through test data of the entire photovoltaic power station. This is because large-scale photovoltaic power plants have large installed capacity and can reach hundreds of megawatts of total capacity. The capacity of test equipment is limited by technology and cost.
- photovoltaic power grids have high grid voltage levels, and some large power stations Direct connection to the 330kV high-voltage power grid, direct low-voltage traversal testing of photovoltaic power plants will threaten the safe and stable operation of the power system.
- the present invention provides a low voltage traversal data acquisition method for a photovoltaic power plant to meet practical application needs.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a low voltage traversal data acquisition method for a photovoltaic power station, thereby obtaining low voltage traversal test data at the power station level.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for acquiring low voltage traversal data of a photovoltaic power station, wherein the data acquisition method comprises the following steps:
- Step 1 Collect the topological structure diagram of the photovoltaic power plant and the electrical parameters of all types of photovoltaic square arrays, inverters, transformers, collector lines and reactive power compensation devices;
- Step 2 group the power generation units according to the types of the photovoltaic array, the inverter, and the unit transformer;
- Step 3 selecting the tested power generating units from different groups according to the geographical distribution of the power generating units, and at least one of the power generating units in each group is tested;
- Step 4 Build a low voltage ride-through test platform for the power generation unit, and perform a low voltage ride through test on the tested power generation unit;
- Step 5 performing data processing on the low voltage ride through test data of the power generation unit
- Step 6 Establish a power generation unit model according to the low voltage ride through test data of the power generation unit;
- Step 7 Establish a detailed model of the power station according to the actual distribution of each power generating unit in the power station;
- Step 8 Set various operating conditions and low voltage ride through faults, and perform low voltage fault simulation on the detailed model of the power station;
- Step IX Establish a low voltage traversal database of the photovoltaic power station.
- the photovoltaic power plant low voltage traversing data acquisition method is characterized in that, in the first step, the photovoltaic power plant topology structure diagram includes an electrical primary wiring diagram and a power generation unit geographical distribution map;
- the main electrical parameters of the photovoltaic array include photovoltaic Component type, maximum power point voltage, maximum power point current, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, peak power and series-parallel mode;
- main electrical parameters of the inverter include inverter type, circuit topology, rated output power, and grid side rating Voltage, grid side voltage allowable range, grid side maximum AC current, power factor range, maximum DC input current, protection parameters, full load MPPT DC voltage range and optimal MPPT operating point DC voltage;
- main electrical parameters of the transformer including model, rated power , rated voltage, voltage ratio, short circuit impedance, connection group label, load loss and no-load loss;
- the main electrical parameters of the current line include line type, length and unit distance impedance;
- the main electrical parameters of the reactive power compensation device include model, Rated
- a power generation unit located in an intermediate geographical position is selected from the plurality of power generation units as the tested power generation unit, if The geographical location is very wide, which can increase the tested power generation units in different geographical locations.
- the method for obtaining a low voltage traversing data of a photovoltaic power plant as described above is characterized in that, in the fourth step, a low voltage traversing test platform of the power generating unit is built, and the high voltage side of the unit transformer is connected to the current collecting line of the station through the voltage drop generating device.
- a low voltage traversing test platform of the power generating unit is built, and the high voltage side of the unit transformer is connected to the current collecting line of the station through the voltage drop generating device.
- the rated power of the unit transformer is taken as the reference value.
- the power output of the unit exceeds 0.7 pu under high power conditions, the power output range of medium power operation is 0.4 to 0.6 pu, and the power output interval of low power operation is 0.1 ⁇ . 0.3pu; take the high voltage side rated voltage of the unit transformer as the reference voltage, perform low voltage ride through test on the tested power generation unit, and make the measuring point voltage drop to 0pu, 0.2pu and 0.2 ⁇ 0.5pu, 0.5 ⁇ 0.75pu, 0.75 ⁇ 0.9pu three voltage intervals.
- the method for obtaining low-voltage traversing data of a photovoltaic power station as described above is characterized in that, in the seventh step, a detailed model of the power station is established according to the power station data collected in the first step and the power generating unit model built in the sixth step.
- the type of each power generation unit, the power station circuit topology and the length of the collector line are always consistent with the actual power station, and the reactive power compensation device needs to be modeled separately.
- the method for obtaining a low voltage traversing data of a photovoltaic power plant as described above is characterized in that, in the step (8), the operating condition is divided into two types of working conditions: a shadow blocking working condition and an irradiation uniform working condition;
- the shadow occlusion condition is divided into two types: power discrete distribution and power continuous distribution: for the power discrete distribution condition, firstly, the power generation unit with the percentage percentage a is blocked by the shadow, and the active output is limited to 0.3 pu or less.
- the percentage a is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% respectively; then the remaining power generation unit is set without shadow blocking, and the active output is above 0.7 pu;
- the maximum power of the power generation unit needs to be set first, and the maximum power distribution interval is 0.6 to 1 pu; then the minimum power of the power generation unit is set, and the difference between the minimum power and the maximum power needs to exceed 0.3 pu;
- the power of the remaining power generation unit, and the power of the remaining power generation unit is evenly distributed from small to large in the maximum power and minimum power intervals;
- the uniform irradiation condition is divided into low power working condition, medium power working condition and high power working condition, and the power output of each power generating unit is set to be equal.
- the power output interval of each power generating unit is 0.1 ⁇ . 0.3 pu; under medium power operating conditions, the power output interval of each power generating unit is 0.3 to 0.6 pu; under high power operating conditions, the power output interval of each power generating unit is 0.6 to 1 pu;
- the initial values of the power output of each power generating unit are obtained, and the low voltage traversing fault is set, so that the voltage of the grid connection point of the power station drops to 0-0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, respectively. 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 pu, low-voltage fault simulation of the detailed model of the power station, recording the voltage, current, active power and reactive power curve of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station.
- the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention provides a low voltage traversing data acquisition method for the photovoltaic power station, based on the field test data of the power generation unit, establishes a detailed model of the photovoltaic power station, thereby obtaining low voltage traversing data of the power station, and combining the scene
- the advantages of experiment and model simulation not only solve the practical problem that it is difficult to directly perform low voltage ride through test on photovoltaic power station, but also improve the accuracy and credibility of simulation results.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a low voltage ride through test platform for a power generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a diagram showing the types of operating conditions in the low voltage fault simulation of the present invention.
- the low voltage traversal data acquisition method of the photovoltaic power station of the present example includes the following steps:
- Step 1 Collect the topological structure diagram of the PV power plant and the electrical parameters of all types of PV array, inverter, transformer, collector line and reactive power compensation device.
- Large-scale photovoltaic power plants usually contain multiple types of photovoltaic arrays, inverters and transformers.
- the top view of the PV power plant includes the electrical primary wiring diagram and the geographical distribution map of the power generation unit; the main electrical parameters of the PV array include the PV module model, the maximum power point voltage, the maximum power point current, the open circuit voltage, the short circuit current, and the peak power.
- main electrical parameters of the inverter include inverter type, circuit topology, rated output power, grid side rated voltage, grid side voltage allowable range, grid side maximum AC current, power factor range, maximum DC Input current, protection parameters, full load MPPT DC voltage range and optimal MPPT operating point DC voltage;
- the main electrical parameters of the transformer include model, rated power, rated voltage, voltage ratio, short circuit impedance, connection group label, load loss, Parameters such as no-load loss;
- the main electrical parameters of the collector circuit include parameters such as line type, length, and unit distance impedance;
- the main electrical parameters of the reactive power compensation device include model, rated capacity, rated voltage, operating voltage range, dynamic adjustment range, Steady state control accuracy and response time.
- Step 2 Group the power generation units according to the model of the photovoltaic array, the inverter, and the unit transformer.
- the combination type needs to cover all PV arrays, inverters and unit transformer models, and all the power generation units that meet the combination type are divided into the same group.
- the power generation unit can be divided into (X, A, M) type, (Y, A, M) type, (X, B, N) type and (Y, B, N) type.
- the 1#, 2#, 3# power generation units are divided into the same group, and the 4#, 5#, and 6# power generation units are divided into the same group, and the 7#, 8#, and 9# power generation units are divided into the same group.
- the 10#, 11#, and 12# power generation units are divided into the same group.
- Step 3 According to the geographical distribution of the power generation unit, select the tested ones from different groups. An electrical unit, at least one of which is tested in each group. For the same group, a power generation unit located in an intermediate geographical position is selected from the plurality of power generation units as the power generation unit to be tested. If the geographical distribution is very wide, the tested power generation units in different geographical locations may be added. For the photovoltaic power station shown in Figure 1, the 1#, 2#, 3# power generation unit groups are located in the northwest direction of the power station, while the 2# power generation unit is located in the middle of the 1# and 3# power generation units, and the 2# power generation unit is selected.
- the power generation unit to be tested 4#, 5#, 6# power generation unit groups are located in the northeast direction of the power station, and the 5# power generation unit is located in the middle of the 4# and 6# power generation units, and the 5# power generation unit is selected as the tested power generation unit.
- 7#, 8#, 9# power generation unit groups are located in the southwest direction of the power station, while the 8# power generation unit is located in the middle of the 7# and 9# power generation units, and the 8# power generation unit is selected as the tested power generation unit;
- 10#, The 11# and 12# power generation unit groups are located in the southeast direction of the power station, while the 11# power generation unit is located in the middle of the 10# and 12# power generation units, and the 11# power generation unit is selected as the tested power generation unit.
- Step 4 Set up a low voltage ride-through test platform for the power generation unit, and perform a low voltage ride through test on the tested power generation unit.
- Establish a low voltage ride-through test platform for the power generation unit connect the high voltage side of the unit transformer to the current collector line through the voltage drop generation device, set the measurement point on the high voltage side of the unit transformer, and use the data acquisition device to measure the voltage and current of the measurement point. Acquisition, and the sampling frequency is at least 20kHz, as shown in Figure 2.
- the test needs to be carried out under high power condition, medium power condition and low power condition respectively.
- the rated power of the unit transformer is taken as the reference value. Under the high power condition, the power output of the unit exceeds 0.7 pu, and the power of the medium power condition is used.
- the output interval is 0.4 to 0.6 pu, and the power output interval for low power conditions is 0.1 to 0.3 pu.
- the low-voltage traverse test is performed on the tested power generation unit, so that the measuring point voltage drops to 0 pu, 0.2 pu and 0.2-0.5 pu, 0.5-0.75 pu, 0.75-0.9 pu, respectively. Voltage range.
- Step 5 Perform data processing on the low voltage ride through test data of the power generation unit. Firstly, the fundamental sequence component is extracted from the AC instantaneous value of voltage and current, and the voltage and current in the form of the fundamental sequence component are obtained. Then the voltage and current are resampled to reduce the data sampling rate to 100 Hz. The rated power and rated voltage are the reference values, and the standard values of voltage and current are calculated. Finally, the active current, active power, reactive current and reactive power of the power generating unit are calculated.
- Step 6 Establish a power generation unit model according to the low voltage ride through test data of the power generation unit. Establish a model of the photovoltaic power generation unit in the power system simulation software, set the voltage fault, and make the voltage drop depth and duration consistent with the test data in the simulation example, and perform model verification on the power generation unit;
- Step 7 Establish a detailed model of the power station according to the actual distribution of each power generating unit in the power station.
- the collected power station data and the power generation unit model built in step 6 establish a detailed model of the power station.
- the type of each power generation unit, the power station circuit topology and the length of the collector line in the detailed model are consistent with the actual power station, and the reactive power compensation device needs to be modeled separately.
- the detailed model needs to include 12 power generation units, 1 main transformer, and 12 collector lines.
- Step 8 Set various operating conditions and low voltage ride through faults, and perform low voltage fault simulation on the detailed model of the power station.
- the operating conditions can be divided into two types of working conditions: shadow occlusion and irradiance uniformity, as shown in Figure 3.
- the shadow occlusion condition can be divided into two types: power discrete distribution and power continuous distribution.
- power discrete distribution conditions first set the number of power generation units with a to be shaded, the active output is limited to 0.3 pu, and the percentage a is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60 respectively. %, 70%, 80%, 90%; then set the remaining power generation unit without shadow blocking, the active output is above 0.7 pu.
- the maximum power of the power generation unit needs to be set first, and the maximum power distribution interval is 0.6 to 1 pu; then the minimum power of the power generation unit is set, and the difference between the minimum power and the maximum power needs to exceed 0.3 pu;
- the power of the remaining power generation unit, the power of the remaining power generation unit is evenly distributed from small to large in the maximum power and minimum power intervals.
- Uniform irradiation conditions can be divided into low power conditions, medium power conditions and high power conditions, and the power output of each power generation unit is set equal.
- the power output interval of each power generating unit is 0.1-0.3 pu; under medium-power operating conditions, the power output interval of each power generating unit is 0.3-0.6 pu; under high-power operating conditions, each power generating The power output interval of the unit is 0.6 to 1 pu.
- the initial values of the power output of each power generating unit are obtained, and the low voltage traversing fault is set, so that the voltage of the grid connection point of the power station drops to 0-0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, respectively. 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 pu, low-voltage fault simulation of the detailed model of the power station, recording the voltage, current, active power and reactive power curve of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station.
- Step IX Establish a low voltage traversal database of the photovoltaic power station.
- the simulation curve of the grid connection point of the photovoltaic power station in step 8 is saved according to the working conditions and the fault type, and the low voltage traversing database of the photovoltaic power station is established.
Abstract
一种光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法包括：根据光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号对发电单元进行分群；根据发电单元的地理分布情况，分别从不同群中选择被测试发电单元，每个群中选择至少一个被测试发电单元；搭建发电单元低电压穿越测试平台，对被测试发电单元进行低电压穿越测试；对测试数据进行处理；根据测试数据建立发电单元模型；按照电站内各发电单元实际分布情况建立发电站详细模型；设置多种运行工况和低电压穿越故障，对发电站详细模型进行低电压故障仿真；建立光伏电站低电压穿越数据库。该方法结合了现场试验和模型仿真的优点，既解决了难以对光伏电站直接进行低电压穿越试验的现实难题，又提高了仿真结果的精度和可信度。
Description
本发明涉及一种光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，属于光伏发电技术领域。
太阳能是地球上最丰富的能源，太阳能受到地域的限制较小，无需运输，几乎可以在地球上任一个地区使用。太阳能资源取之不尽、用之不竭，是一种清洁的可再生能源。并网型光伏发电通过逆变器将电能传输至电网，大型光伏电站大都是并网型光伏发电。
近年来，我国并网太阳能发电呈现跨越式发展。在西部地区，日照时间长并且气候干燥少雨，太阳能资源非常丰富，已建设了许多大规模光伏发电站。大规模的光伏电站接入电网后，光伏发电输出功率的波动性将会对电网安全稳定运行产生影响。为了分析并网光伏电站对电网的影响，迫切需要建立合适的光伏电站模型。
完整的测试数据是建立光伏电站模型的基本条件之一，其中低电压穿越测试能够反映电站在遇到电网故障时的动态响应特性。低电压穿越是指当电力系统事故或扰动引起光伏发电站并网点电压跌落时，在一定的电压跌落范围和时间间隔内，光伏发电站能够保证不脱网连续运行。光伏电站是由数十至数百个小功率的光伏发电单元并联而成的，目前低电压穿越测试一般是针对发电单元进行测试。在进行发电单元级的低电压穿越测试时，可以通过连接电压跌落发生装置来模拟电网故障，从而利用测量装置获得测试数据。但是，这种方法只能获取发电单元级的低电压穿越测试数据，不适用于获取整个光伏电站的低电压穿越测试数据。这是因为一方面大型光伏发电站装机容量大，总容量可以达到数百兆瓦，测试装置容量受到技术上和成本上的双重限制；另一方面，光伏电站并网电压等级高，部分大型电站直接连接330kV等级的高压电网，直接对光伏电站进行低电压穿越测试将会威胁电力系统的安全稳定运行。
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，以满足实际应用需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：为克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，从而获得电站级的低电压穿越测试数据。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于：所述数据获取方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、收集光伏电站拓扑结构图和所有型号光伏方阵、逆变器、变压器、集电线路和无功补偿装置的电气参数；
步骤二、根据光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号对发电单元进行分群；
步骤三、根据发电单元的地理分布情况，分别从不同群中选择被测试发电单元，每个群中至少一个被测试发电单元；
步骤四、搭建发电单元低电压穿越测试平台，对被测试发电单元进行低电压穿越测试；
步骤五、对发电单元低电压穿越测试数据进行数据处理；
步骤六、根据发电单元的低电压穿越测试数据建立发电单元模型；
步骤七、按照电站内各发电单元实际分布情况建立发电站详细模型；
步骤八、设置多种运行工况和低电压穿越故障，对发电站详细模型进行低电压故障仿真；
步骤九、建立光伏电站低电压穿越数据库。
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤一中，光伏电站拓扑结构图包括电气一次接线图和发电单元地理位置分布图；光伏方阵的主要电气参数包括光伏组件的型号、最大功率点电压、最大功率点电流、开路电压、短路电流、峰值功率和串并联方式；逆变器的主要电气参数包括逆变器型号、电路拓扑、额定输出功率、网侧额定电压、网侧电压允许范围、网侧最大交流电流、功率因数范围、最大直流输入电流、保护参数、满载MPPT直流电压范围和最佳MPPT工作点直流电压；变压器的主要电气参数包括型号、额定功率、额定电压、电压变比、短路阻抗、联接组标号、负载损耗和空载损耗；集电线路的主要电气参数包括线路型号、长度和单位距离阻抗；无功补偿装置的主要电气参数包括型号、额定容量、额定电压、工作电压范围、动态调节范围、稳态控制精度和响应时间。
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤
二中，根据光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号搭配不同的组合，组合类型需要涵盖所有光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号，所有满足组合类型的发电单元分为同一群。
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中，对于同一个群，从多个发电单元中选择一个位于中间地理位置的发电单元作为被测试发电单元，若地理位置分布非常广，可增加不同地理位置的被测试发电单元。
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四中，搭建发电单元低电压穿越测试平台，将单元变压器的高压侧通过电压跌落发生装置与站内集电线路相连，在单元变压器的高压侧设置测量点，并利用数据采集装置对测量点的电压和电流进行采集，且采样频率至少20kHz；测试需要分别在大功率工况、中等功率工况和小功率工况下进行，取单元变压器的额定功率为基准值，大功率工况下单元的功率输出超过0.7pu，中等功率工况的功率输出区间为0.4～0.6pu，小功率工况的功率输出区间为0.1～0.3pu；取单元变压器的高压侧额定电压为基准电压，对被测试发电单元进行低电压穿越测试，使测量点电压分别跌落至0pu、0.2pu和0.2～0.5pu、0.5～0.75pu、0.75～0.9pu三个电压区间。
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤五中，首先从电压和电流的交流瞬时值中提取基波正序分量，得到基波正序分量形式的电压和电流；然后对电压和电流进行重采样，降低数据采样率为100Hz；再以发电单元的额定功率和额定电压为基准值，计算电压和电流的标幺值；最后计算发电单元的有功电流、有功功率、无功电流和无功功率。
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤六中，在电力系统仿真软件中建立光伏发电单元的模型，设置电压故障，在仿真算例中使电压跌落深度和持续时间与测试数据保持一致，并对发电单元进行模型验证；
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤七中，根据步骤一中采集的电站数据和步骤六中搭建的发电单元模型，建立发电站的详细模型，详细模型中各发电单元的类型、电站电路拓扑和集电线路长度都与电站实际保持一致，无功补偿装置需要单独进行建模。
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤八中，运行工况分为阴影遮挡工况和辐照均匀工况两种工况类型；
其中，阴影遮挡工况又分为功率离散分布和功率连续分布两种工况：对于功率离散分布工况，首先设定数量百分比为a的发电单元被阴影遮挡，有功输出被限制在0.3pu以下，百分比a分别为10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％；然后设定剩余的发电单元无阴影遮挡，有功输出在0.7pu以上；
对于功率连续分布工况，需要先设定发电单元最大功率，最大功率的分布区间为0.6～1pu；然后设定发电单元最小功率，最小功率和最大功率的差值需要超过0.3pu；最后设定剩余发电单元的功率，剩余发电单元的的功率在最大功率和最小功率区间内从小到大依次均匀分布；
辐照均匀工况分为小功率工况、中等功率工况和大功率工况，设定各发电单元的功率输出相等，其中小功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.1～0.3pu；中等功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.3～0.6pu；大功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.6～1pu；
在确定详细模型的运行工况后，得到各发电单元的功率输出初始值，设定低电压穿越故障，使发电站并网点电压分别跌落至0～0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9pu，对发电站详细模型进行低电压故障仿真，记录光伏电站并网点的电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率曲线。
如上所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤九中，将所述步骤八中的光伏电站并网点仿真曲线按照工况和故障类型进行保存，建立光伏电站低电压穿越数据库。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明为光伏电站提供了一种低电压穿越数据获取方法，基于发电单元的现场测试数据，建立光伏电站的详细模型，从而获取电站的低电压穿越数据，结合了现场试验和模型仿真的优点，既解决了难以对光伏电站直接进行低电压穿越试验的现实难题，又提高了仿真结果的精度和可信度。
图1为本发明实施例中光伏电站的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例中发电单元低电压穿越测试平台。
图3为本发明低电压故障仿真中的工况类型。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样在本申请所列权利要求书限定范围之内。
如图1所示，本例的光伏电站的低电压穿越数据获取方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、收集光伏电站拓扑结构图和所有型号光伏方阵、逆变器、变压器、集电线路和无功补偿装置的电气参数。大型光伏电站通常包含多种型号的光伏方阵、逆变器和变压器，对于图1所示的光伏电站共包含12个发电单元，其中光伏方阵有X型和Y型两种，逆变器有A型和B型两种，单元变压器有M型和N型两种，主变压器1台，集电线路有12条。
光伏电站拓扑结构图包括电气一次接线图和发电单元地理位置分布图等；光伏方阵的主要电气参数包括光伏组件的型号、最大功率点电压、最大功率点电流、开路电压、短路电流、峰值功率和串并联方式等参数；逆变器的主要电气参数包括逆变器型号、电路拓扑、额定输出功率、网侧额定电压、网侧电压允许范围、网侧最大交流电流、功率因数范围、最大直流输入电流、保护参数、满载MPPT直流电压范围和最佳MPPT工作点直流电压等参数；变压器的主要电气参数包括型号、额定功率、额定电压、电压变比、短路阻抗、联接组标号、负载损耗、空载损耗等参数；集电线路的主要电气参数包括线路型号、长度、单位距离阻抗等参数；无功补偿装置的主要电气参数包括型号、额定容量、额定电压、工作电压范围、动态调节范围、稳态控制精度、响应时间。
步骤二、根据光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号对发电单元进行分群。根据光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号搭配不同的组合，组合类型需要涵盖所有光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号，所有满足组合类型的发电单元分为同一群。对于图1所示的光伏电站，可以将发电单元分为(X，A，M)型、(Y，A，M)型、(X，B，N)型和(Y，B，N)型四种组合，因此将1#、2#、3#发电单元分为同一群，将4#、5#、6#发电单元分为同一群，将7#、8#、9#发电单元分为同一群，将10#、11#、12#发电单元分为同一群。
步骤三、根据发电单元的地理分布情况，分别从不同群中选择被测试发
电单元，每个群中至少一个被测试发电单元。对于同一个群，从多个发电单元中选择一个位于中间地理位置的发电单元作为被测试发电单元，若地理位置分布非常广，可以增加不同地理位置的被测试发电单元。对于图1所示的光伏电站，1#、2#、3#发电单元群均位于电站的西北方向，而2#发电单元位于1#和3#发电单元的中间位置，选择2#发电单元为被测试发电单元；4#、5#、6#发电单元群均位于电站的东北方向，而5#发电单元位于4#和6#发电单元的中间位置，选择5#发电单元为被测试发电单元；7#、8#、9#发电单元群均位于电站的西南方向，而8#发电单元位于7#和9#发电单元的中间位置，选择8#发电单元为被测试发电单元；10#、11#、12#发电单元群均位于电站的东南方向，而11#发电单元位于10#和12#发电单元的中间位置，选择11#发电单元为被测试发电单元。
步骤四、搭建发电单元低电压穿越测试平台，对被测试发电单元进行低电压穿越测试。搭建发电单元低电压穿越测试平台，将单元变压器的高压侧通过电压跌落发生装置与站内集电线路相连，在单元变压器的高压侧设置测量点，并利用数据采集装置对测量点的电压和电流进行采集，且采样频率至少20kHz，如图2所示。测试需要分别在大功率工况、中等功率工况和小功率工况下进行，取单元变压器的额定功率为基准值，大功率工况下单元的功率输出超过0.7pu，中等功率工况的功率输出区间为0.4～0.6pu，小功率工况的功率输出区间为0.1～0.3pu。取单元变压器的高压侧额定电压为基准电压，对被测试发电单元进行低电压穿越测试，使测量点电压分别跌落至0pu、0.2pu和0.2～0.5pu、0.5～0.75pu、0.75～0.9pu三个电压区间。
步骤五、对发电单元低电压穿越测试数据进行数据处理。首先从电压和电流的交流瞬时值中提取基波正序分量，得到基波正序分量形式的电压和电流；然后对电压和电流进行重采样，降低数据采样率为100Hz；再以发电单元的额定功率和额定电压为基准值，计算电压和电流的标幺值；最后计算发电单元的有功电流、有功功率、无功电流和无功功率。
步骤六、根据发电单元的低电压穿越测试数据建立发电单元模型。在电力系统仿真软件中建立光伏发电单元的模型，设置电压故障，在仿真算例中使电压跌落深度和持续时间与测试数据保持一致，并对发电单元进行模型验证；
步骤七、按照电站内各发电单元实际分布情况建立发电站详细模型。根据步骤一
采集的电站数据和步骤六搭建的发电单元模型，建立发电站的详细模型。详细模型中各发电单元的类型、电站电路拓扑和集电线路长度都与电站实际保持一致，无功补偿装置需要单独进行建模。对于图1所示的光伏电站，详细模型需要包括12个发电单元，主变压器1台，集电线路有12条。
步骤八、设置多种运行工况和低电压穿越故障，对发电站详细模型进行低电压故障仿真。运行工况可以分为阴影遮挡和辐照度均匀两种工况类型，如图3所示。
其中，阴影遮挡工况又可以分为功率离散分布和功率连续分布两种工况。对于功率离散分布工况，首先设定数量百分比为a的发电单元被阴影遮挡，有功输出被限制在0.3pu以下，百分比a分别为10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％；然后设定剩余的发电单元无阴影遮挡，有功输出在0.7pu以上。
对于功率连续分布工况，需要先设定发电单元最大功率，最大功率的分布区间为0.6～1pu；然后设定发电单元最小功率，最小功率和最大功率的差值需要超过0.3pu；最后设定剩余发电单元的功率，剩余发电单元的的功率在最大功率和最小功率区间内从小到大依次均匀分布。
辐照均匀工况可以分为小功率工况、中等功率工况和大功率工况，设定各发电单元的功率输出相等。其中小功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.1～0.3pu；中等功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.3～0.6pu；大功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.6～1pu。
在确定详细模型的运行工况后，得到各发电单元的功率输出初始值，设定低电压穿越故障，使发电站并网点电压分别跌落至0～0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9pu，对发电站详细模型进行低电压故障仿真，记录光伏电站并网点的电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率曲线。
步骤九、建立光伏电站低电压穿越数据库。将步骤八中的光伏电站并网点仿真曲线按照工况和故障类型进行保存，建立光伏电站低电压穿越数据库。
以上仅为本发明的实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，因此，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于：所述数据获取方法包括以下步骤：步骤一、收集光伏电站拓扑结构图和所有型号光伏方阵、逆变器、变压器、集电线路和无功补偿装置的电气参数；步骤二、根据光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号对发电单元进行分群；步骤三、根据发电单元的地理分布情况，分别从不同群中选择被测试发电单元，每个群中至少一个被测试发电单元；步骤四、搭建发电单元低电压穿越测试平台，对被测试发电单元进行低电压穿越测试；步骤五、对发电单元低电压穿越测试数据进行数据处理；步骤六、根据发电单元的低电压穿越测试数据建立发电单元模型；步骤七、按照电站内各发电单元实际分布情况建立发电站详细模型；步骤八、设置多种运行工况和低电压穿越故障，对发电站详细模型进行低电压故障仿真；步骤九、建立光伏电站低电压穿越数据库。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤一中，光伏电站拓扑结构图包括电气一次接线图和发电单元地理位置分布图；光伏方阵的主要电气参数包括光伏组件的型号、最大功率点电压、最大功率点电流、开路电压、短路电流、峰值功率和串并联方式；逆变器的主要电气参数包括逆变器型号、电路拓扑、额定输出功率、网侧额定电压、网侧电压允许范围、网侧最大交流电流、功率因数范围、最大直流输入电流、保护参数、满载MPPT直流电压范围和最佳MPPT工作点直流电压；变压器的主要电气参数包括型号、额定功率、额定电压、电压变比、短路阻抗、联接组标号、负载损耗和空载损耗；集电线路的主要电气参数包括线路型号、长度和单位距离阻抗；无功补偿装置的主要电气参数包括型号、额定容量、额定电压、工作电压范围、动态调节范围、稳态控制精度和响应时间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中，根据光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号搭配不同的组合，组合类型需要涵盖所有光伏方阵、逆变器和单元变压器的型号，所有满足组合类型的 发电单元分为同一群。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中，对于同一个群，从多个发电单元中选择一个位于中间地理位置的发电单元作为被测试发电单元，若地理位置分布非常广，可增加不同地理位置的被测试发电单元。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四中，搭建发电单元低电压穿越测试平台，将单元变压器的高压侧通过电压跌落发生装置与站内集电线路相连，在单元变压器的高压侧设置测量点，并利用数据采集装置对测量点的电压和电流进行采集，且采样频率至少20kHz；测试需要分别在大功率工况、中等功率工况和小功率工况下进行，取单元变压器的额定功率为基准值，大功率工况下单元的功率输出超过0.7pu，中等功率工况的功率输出区间为0.4～0.6pu，小功率工况的功率输出区间为0.1～0.3pu；取单元变压器的高压侧额定电压为基准电压，对被测试发电单元进行低电压穿越测试，使测量点电压分别跌落至0pu、0.2pu和0.2～0.5pu、0.5～0.75pu、0.75～0.9pu三个电压区间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤五中，首先从电压和电流的交流瞬时值中提取基波正序分量，得到基波正序分量形式的电压和电流；然后对电压和电流进行重采样，降低数据采样率为100Hz；再以发电单元的额定功率和额定电压为基准值，计算电压和电流的标幺值；最后计算发电单元的有功电流、有功功率、无功电流和无功功率。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤六中，在电力系统仿真软件中建立光伏发电单元的模型，设置电压故障，在仿真算例中使电压跌落深度和持续时间与测试数据保持一致，并对发电单元进行模型验证。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤七中，根据步骤一中采集的电站数据和步骤六中搭建的发电单元模型，建立发电站的详细模型，详细模型中各发电单元的类型、电站电路拓扑和集电线路长度都与电站实际保持一致，无功补偿装置需要单独进行建模。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所 述步骤八中，运行工况分为阴影遮挡工况和辐照均匀工况两种工况类型；其中，阴影遮挡工况又分为功率离散分布和功率连续分布两种工况：对于功率离散分布工况，首先设定数量百分比为a的发电单元被阴影遮挡，有功输出被限制在0.3pu以下，百分比a分别为10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％；然后设定剩余的发电单元无阴影遮挡，有功输出在0.7pu以上；对于功率连续分布工况，需要先设定发电单元最大功率，最大功率的分布区间为0.6～1pu；然后设定发电单元最小功率，最小功率和最大功率的差值需要超过0.3pu；最后设定剩余发电单元的功率，剩余发电单元的的功率在最大功率和最小功率区间内从小到大依次均匀分布；辐照均匀工况分为小功率工况、中等功率工况和大功率工况，设定各发电单元的功率输出相等，其中小功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.1～0.3pu；中等功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.3～0.6pu；大功率运行工况下，各发电单元的功率输出区间为0.6～1pu；在确定详细模型的运行工况后，得到各发电单元的功率输出初始值，设定低电压穿越故障，使发电站并网点电压分别跌落至0～0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9pu，对发电站详细模型进行低电压故障仿真，记录光伏电站并网点的电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率曲线。
- 根据权利要求9所述的光伏电站低电压穿越数据获取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤九中，将所述步骤八中的光伏电站并网点仿真曲线按照工况和故障类型进行保存，建立光伏电站低电压穿越数据库。
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