WO2017067068A1 - 一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件 - Google Patents

一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件 Download PDF

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WO2017067068A1
WO2017067068A1 PCT/CN2015/099206 CN2015099206W WO2017067068A1 WO 2017067068 A1 WO2017067068 A1 WO 2017067068A1 CN 2015099206 W CN2015099206 W CN 2015099206W WO 2017067068 A1 WO2017067068 A1 WO 2017067068A1
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collimating lens
lens
axis collimating
slow axis
slow
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PCT/CN2015/099206
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤学胜
张玓
胡胜磊
付永安
傅焰峰
刘成刚
李世瑜
孙莉萍
马卫东
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武汉电信器件有限公司
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Priority to US15/770,371 priority Critical patent/US10451805B2/en
Publication of WO2017067068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017067068A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/40—Transceivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/2931—Diffractive element operating in reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/29311—Diffractive element operating in transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/29313—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4206—Optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4215—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical elements being wavelength selective optical elements, e.g. variable wavelength optical modules or wavelength lockers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4286—Optical modules with optical power monitoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
    • H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/506—Multiwavelength transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/615—Arrangements affecting the optical part of the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
    • H04J14/0256—Optical medium access at the optical channel layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical communication technologies, and in particular to providing a wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing optical transceiver component based on a diffraction grating.
  • the multi-channel optical module adopts multi-channel optical transmission and reception technology, and has great communication capacity, low power consumption and miniaturization. It is favored by the industry, and its transmission rate and transmission capacity are much superior to single-channel transceiver modules. Rapidly, it is one of the main programs to achieve this direction.
  • the high-speed multi-channel optical module is currently mainly used to package a multi-channel semiconductor laser/detector array by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology in only one optical port input/output optical component, thereby improving
  • WDM wavelength division multiplexing
  • common package types are CFP, CFP2, CFP4 and QSFP.
  • a 4x25Gbps single-mode optical transceiver module in the QSFP28 module package form four CWDM 25Gbps laser/detector chips of different wavelengths using coarse wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing technology and single fiber coupling to achieve single fiber transmission. 100Gbps signal.
  • AWG arrayed waveguide grating
  • etched grating scheme dielectric thin film filter scheme.
  • the advantage of AWG is that it has high integration and can be fabricated on the same substrate as laser chip and detector chip. It has great advantages in multiplexing and demultiplexing in 4 channels, but it has the disadvantages of high cost, high coupling difficulty and large insertion loss. It is not conducive to meeting the requirements of the optical transceiver module for low power consumption.
  • the etched grating scheme is basically similar to the AWG except that the volume is smaller than the AWG and the filter characteristics are imperfect.
  • the dielectric film filter scheme is currently a large-scale commercial solution with low material cost and good filtering characteristics. Its disadvantage is that it is not suitable for multiplexing/demultiplexing occasions with more channels (more than 4 channels):
  • the number of optical channels used/demultiplexed increases, and the number and number of filters corresponding thereto increase, the optical path in the optical component becomes longer and longer, and the processing tolerances and assembly precision requirements of the relevant planar optical components are gradually increased, and the optical channel is gradually increased.
  • the difference in optical path length is significantly expanded, and wavelength-dependent insertion loss becomes a problem that has to be solved.
  • the optical paths of the transmitting component and the receiving component are generally independent, and the transmitting The component and the receiving component each use a set of filters, which significantly increases the number of individual components of small size.
  • the technical solution applied by the present invention is: a wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing optical transceiver component based on a diffraction grating, which is composed of a laser chip array, a light receiving detector array, and a first fast axis collimating lens.
  • the first fast axis collimating lens is disposed corresponding to the laser chip array
  • the second fast axis collimating lens is disposed corresponding to the light receiving detector array
  • the laser chip array is The light receiving detector array is vertically arranged and staggered up and down, and the coupled output lens and the coupled output fiber form an exit fiber collimator, and the coupled input lens and the coupled input fiber constitute an incident fiber collimator, respectively outputting the emitted light signal and receiving the incident light signal.
  • the emitted light and the incident light are distributed up and down through the first slow axis collimating lens, the dif
  • the light emitting unit and the receiving unit share the first slow axis collimating lens, the diffraction grating, the slow axis focusing lens, the second slow axis collimating lens, the first fast axis collimating lens and the second fast axis.
  • the collimating lens is used for beam meridional collimation
  • the first slow axis collimating lens is used for beam sagittal in-plane collimation
  • the diffraction grating optical path is used for wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing
  • the collimating lens constitutes a beam expanding/shrinking beam system to realize beam transformation
  • the optical isolator is used for reverse isolation of output light.
  • the light emitting unit includes a laser chip array, a first fast axis collimating lens, a first slow axis collimating lens, a diffraction grating, a slow axis focusing lens, a second slow axis collimating lens, Optical isolators, coupled output lenses, coupled output fibers.
  • the light receiving unit includes a coupled input fiber, a coupled input lens, a second slow axis collimating lens, a slow axis focusing lens, a diffraction grating, a first slow axis collimating lens, and a second fast axis.
  • Collimating lens, light receiving detector array is a coupled input fiber, a coupled input lens, a second slow axis collimating lens, a slow axis focusing lens, a diffraction grating, a first slow axis collimating lens, and a second fast axis.
  • Collimating lens light receiving detector array.
  • the laser chip array has a light emitting unit, wherein the laser chip array is an array of a plurality of discrete different wavelength laser chips or an array of a plurality of light emitting unit laser chips having different wavelengths.
  • the light receiving detector array is an array of a plurality of discrete detector chips or a single array of detector chips having a plurality of detector units, wherein: the detector chip array and the laser chip array The operating wavelength of each channel corresponds.
  • the first fast axis collimating lens and the second fast axis collimating lens are cylindrical mirrors whose cylindrical alignment plane is perpendicular to the slow axis plane of the laser chip array illumination unit;
  • the first slow axis collimating lens The slow axis focusing lens and the second slow axis collimating lens are cylinder mirrors whose collimating planes of the cylinder are parallel to the slow axis plane of the laser chip array illumination unit;
  • the first fast axis collimating lens and the second fast axis collimating lens An integrated fast-axis collimating lens shared by the chip array or an array of discrete fast-axis collimating microlenses.
  • the slow axis focusing lens and the second slow axis collimating lens constitute a slow axis in-plane beam expanding/shrinking beam system of the laser chip array light emitting unit, and are set as the second slow axis collimating lens according to the receiving light direction.
  • the back focus is the front focus of the slow axis focus lens.
  • the first fast-axis collimating lens front focus and the first slow-axis collimating lens front focus are disposed in an orientation of coincident light emission, and each of the laser chip array illumination units is sequentially arranged on the first slow-axis collimating lens.
  • a front focal plane common to the first fast axis collimating lens; the first slow axis collimating lens back focus and the second fast axis collimating lens back focus are arranged in a direction of coincident light receiving, the light receiving detector array detecting units
  • the back focal planes common to the first slow axis collimating lens and the second fast axis collimating lens are sequentially arranged.
  • the coupled output lens and the coupled input lens are spherical lenses, aspherical lenses or graded index lenses.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the diffraction grating of the optical wave multiplexing/demultiplexing has good filtering characteristics, the coupling loss and the wavelength-dependent insertion loss are small, the size of the independent optical component is large, and the assembly process is relatively simple. It is more suitable for making multi-channel (4 channels and above) optical wave multiplexing/demultiplexing optical transceiver components.
  • the component is integrated and transmitted, which can effectively reduce the use of the device package and the volume of the module, and contribute to the integration of the module and reduce the cost.
  • the transmitting component and the receiving component share a filter optical component and most of the optical lens, and the number of small-sized independent components is significantly reduced in the case of multi-channel multiplexing/demultiplexing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a plane of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another perspective plane structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing optical transceiver component based on a diffraction grating, which uses a common wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing optical path structure for an uplink optical transmitting unit and a downlink optical receiving unit.
  • the light beams of the plurality of different wavelengths of the light-emitting units are respectively sequentially passed through the fast and slow axis collimation, the diffraction diffraction grating combining and the collimated beam compression unit are concentrated to the same optical output port; and the beams containing the different wavelengths received by the input port are sequentially passed through
  • the collimated beam expanding and diffraction grating beam splitting unit is decomposed into multiple parallel beams with different spatial exit angles, and the parallel light beams are focused by the slow fast axis focusing lens on the detecting units of the light receiving detector array.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing optical transceiver component based on the diffraction grating can be applied to the case where the multi-channel wavelength of the CWDM or the LAN-WDM works simultaneously, and the commonly used channel number is 4, 8, 16 Or any other number, different number of channels, the structure of the wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing optical transceiver component is basically the same, the difference is that as the number of optical channels increases or decreases, the corresponding laser chip array illumination unit And an increase in the number of detection units of the light receiving detector array, an outer dimension of the first fast axis collimating lens in the direction in which the laser chip array is arranged, and an outer dimension of the second fast axis collimating lens in the direction in which the light receiving detector array is arranged or The number of laser first microlens array microlens units and second microlens array microlens units is correspondingly increased or decreased.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a diffraction grating-based wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing optical transceiver assembly according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an equivalent deployment optical path from a diffraction grating.
  • a laser chip array 1 a light receiving detector array 2, a first fast axis collimating lens 3, a second fast axis collimating lens 4, a first slow axis collimating lens 5, a diffraction grating 6, and a slow axis are included.
  • the light emitting unit is disposed along the optical path, including the laser chip array 1, the first fast axis collimating lens 3, and the first The slow axis collimating lens 5, the diffraction grating 6, the slow axis focusing lens 7, the second slow axis collimating lens 8, the optical isolator 9, the coupling output lens 10, and the coupled output fiber 11.
  • the light receiving unit includes a coupled input optical fiber 13, a coupled input lens 11, a second slow axis collimating lens 8, a slow axis focusing lens 7, a diffraction grating 6, a first slow axis collimating lens 5, and a second fast axis.
  • Straight lens 4 light receiving detector array 2.
  • the laser chip array 1, the first fast axis collimating lens 3, the optical isolator 9, the coupled output lens 10 and the coupled output fiber 12 are on the same plane I; the light receiving detector array 2, the second fast axis collimating lens 4
  • the coupled input lens 11 and the coupled input fiber 13 are on the same plane II.
  • Plane I and plane II are respectively located on both sides of the central plane of the system optical path and are parallel to each other (parallel to the XOZ plane in Fig. 1).
  • the reticle direction of the diffraction grating 6 is perpendicular to the plane I and the plane II.
  • the first fast axis collimating lens 3 and the second fast axis collimating lens 4 are cylindrical mirrors whose principal plane plane of the cylinder is perpendicular to plane I and plane II (parallel to the YOZ plane in Fig. 2).
  • the first slow axis collimating lens 5, the slow axis focusing lens 7 and the second slow axis collimating lens 8 are cylindrical mirrors whose principal plane plane of the cylinder is parallel to plane I and plane II (parallel to the XOZ plane in Fig. 1) .
  • the laser chip array and the light receiving detector array are vertically disposed with respect to the center plane of the optical path.
  • the laser chip array 1 has a light emitting unit, wherein the laser chip array is an array of a plurality of discrete different wavelength laser chips or an array of a plurality of light emitting unit laser chips having different wavelengths, and the wavelength of each channel can satisfy the IEEE.
  • the different CWDM or LWDM wavelengths of the specification can also be any other wavelength.
  • the light receiving detector array 2 is an array of a plurality of discrete detector chips or a single array of detector chips having a plurality of detector units, wherein the detector chip array and each channel of the laser chip array 1 The working wavelength corresponds.
  • the coupled output lens 10 and the coupled input lens 11 may be C-Lens (spherical lens) or G-Lens (gradient index lens), and may be any other spherical and aspherical lens.
  • the front focus of the first fast-axis collimating lens 3 and the front focus of the first slow-axis collimating lens 5 coincide, and the light-emitting units of the laser chip array 1 are sequentially arranged in the first slow-axis collimation according to the wavelength.
  • the back focus of the first slow axis collimating lens 5 and the rear focus of the second fast axis collimating lens 4 coincide, and the detecting units of the light receiving detector array 2 are sequentially arranged in the first slow axis according to the wavelength.
  • the diffraction grating is a transmissive grating, and the central axes of the optical systems before and after the grating are perpendicular to each other, and in the sagittal plane (XOZ plane), the i-th illuminating unit waveguide center and the light receiving of the laser chip array 1
  • the distance hi between the center position of the i-th detecting unit and the central axis of the optical system of the detector array 2 is:
  • d is the grating constant of the diffraction grating 6
  • ⁇ is the direction according to the received light
  • f1 is the effective focal length of the first slow axis collimating lens 5.
  • the positional description of the i-th light-emitting unit of the laser chip array 1 and the i-th detecting unit of the light-receiving detector array 2 is illustrative, and is an exemplary application in this example, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the laser chip array 1 emits n different wavelengths of light through the first fast axis collimating lens 3 and the first slow axis collimating lens 5, respectively, to perform the meridian plane (fast axis)
  • the sagittal plane (slow axis) collimated, projected onto the diffraction grating 6 the different wavelength collimated beams are diffracted by the diffraction grating, and then passed through the slow axis focusing lens 7 and the second slow axis collimating lens 8 and realize the slow axis
  • the direction (in the sagittal plane) is contracted, enters the optical isolator 9, and is finally coupled into the coupled output fiber 12 through the coupling output lens 10.
  • the input optical signal contains signal light of a plurality of different wavelengths, firstly collimated by a collimator composed of the coupled input fiber 13 and the coupled input lens 11, and the parallel beam passes through the second
  • the slow axis collimating lens 8 and the slow axis focusing lens 7 achieve beam splitting in the slow axis direction (in the sagittal plane).
  • the expanded beam of parallel beams is split by the diffraction grating 6 into a single channel optical signal of different diffraction angles ⁇ i, and the channel optical signals of different wavelengths after passing through the diffraction grating 6 sequentially pass through the first slow axis collimating lens 5 and the second fast axis Straight lens 4, the light of different wavelengths are respectively performed on the common back focal plane of the first slow axis collimating lens 5 and the second fast axis collimating lens 4 in the raster reticle direction on the sagittal plane (slow axis) and the meridian plane (
  • the fast axis is focused and distributed at different locations, i.e., focused to different detection units of the light receiving detector array 2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于衍射光栅（6）的光波复用/解复用光收发组件，包括激光器芯片阵列（1）、光接收探测器阵列（2）、第一快轴准直透镜（3）、第二快轴准直透镜（4）、第一慢轴准直透镜（5）、衍射光栅（6）、慢轴聚焦透镜（7）、第二慢轴准直透镜（8）、光隔离器（9）、耦合输出透镜（10）、耦合输入透镜（11）、耦合输出光纤（12）和耦合输入光纤（13）构成上行的光发射单元和下行的光接收单元，解决了共同使用衍射光栅（6）实现波分复用/解复用功能的技术问题，达成了衍射光栅（6）滤波特性好，光路耦合损耗和波长相关插损较小，独立光学元件尺寸较大，装配工艺相对简单，更适用于制作多通道的光波复用/解复用光收发组件的良好效果。

Description

一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件 技术领域
本发明涉及光通信技术领域，尤其是指提供一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件。
背景技术
随着网络信息产业的全面普及其带来全球数据量的爆发性增长和大数据产业的兴起，数据中心已经成为光通信产业新的市场机遇，高带宽的光互连逐步取代了电互连，并向着高速大容量的方向发展。多通道光学模块采用多路光发射和接收技术，具有大通信容量、低能耗、小型化等特点大受业界青睐，传输速率和传输容量上都比单通道收发模块优越得多，近几年发展迅速，是实现这一方向的主要方案之一。
高速多通道光学模块目前主要采用将多通道半导体激光器/探测器阵列通过波分复用/解复用(wavelength division multiplexing,WDM)技术封装在只有一个光口输入/输出光组件里，从而提高了单端光口的传输速度，常见的封装形式有CFP、CFP2、CFP4及QSFP等。例如采用QSFP28模块封装形式的4x25Gbps单模光收发模块将4个CWDM不同波长的25Gbps的激光器/探测器芯片利用粗波分复用/解复用技术和单根光纤耦合，以实现单根光纤传输100Gbps信号。
目前，业内波分复用/解复用技术多采用的方案有：阵列波导光栅(arrayed,waveguide grating,AWG)方案、刻蚀光栅方案和介质薄膜滤光片方案等。AWG的优点在于集成度高，可与激光器芯片、探测器芯片同基板制备，应用在4通道以上复用和解复用具有较大优势，但是存在成本高、耦合难度较高及插损大等缺点，不利于满足光收发模块对低功耗的要求。刻蚀光栅方案除了体积比AWG小一半，滤波特性不完善缺陷外，其他优缺点与AWG基本类似。介质薄膜滤光片方案是目前被规模化商用方案，物料成本低、滤波特性好，其缺点是不太适合于通道数较多(4通道以上)的复用/解复用场合：随着复用/解复用光通道数的增加，与之相应的滤光片的种类和个数增加，光组件内光路越来越长，对相关平面光学元件加工公差和装配精度要求逐步增高，光通道之间的光程差别明显扩大，波长相关插损成为不得不解决的问题。同时，受上述的装配精度限制，目前商用的8通道及以上主体方案中，发射组件和接收组件的光路普遍都是独立的，发射 组件和接收组件各自使用一套滤光片，明显增加了小尺寸的独立元件个数。
技术问题
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件。
技术解决方案
为达成上述目的，本发明应用的技术方案是：一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件，是由激光器芯片阵列、光接收探测器阵列、第一快轴准直透镜、第二快轴准直透镜、第一慢轴准直透镜、衍射光栅、慢轴聚焦透镜、第二慢轴准直透镜、光隔离器、耦合输出透镜、耦合输入透镜、耦合输出光纤和耦合输入光纤构成的上行光发射单元和下行光接收单元，其中：第一快轴准直透镜与激光器芯片阵列对应设置，第二快轴准直透镜与光接收探测器阵列对应设置，激光器芯片阵列与光接收探测器阵列垂直设置并上下错开，耦合输出透镜与耦合输出光纤组成出射光纤准直器，耦合输入透镜与耦合输入光纤组成入射光纤准直器，分别输出发射光信号和接收入射光信号，发射光和入射光上下分布经过第一慢轴准直透镜、衍射光栅、慢轴聚焦透镜和第二慢轴准直透镜。
在本实施例中优选：光发射单元和接收单元公用第一慢轴准直透镜、衍射光栅、慢轴聚焦透镜、第二慢轴准直透镜，第一快轴准直透镜和第二快轴准直透镜用于光束子午面内准直，第一慢轴准直透镜用于光束弧矢面内准直，衍射光栅光路用于波分复用/解复用，慢轴聚焦透镜和第二慢轴准直透镜组成扩束/缩束系统，实现光束变换，光隔离器用于实现输出光反向隔离。
在本实施例中优选：光发射单元依光路设置包括激光器芯片阵列、第一快轴准直透镜、第一慢轴准直透镜、衍射光栅、慢轴聚焦透镜、第二慢轴准直透镜、光隔离器、耦合输出透镜、耦合输出光纤。
在本实施例中优选：光接收单元依光路设置包括耦合输入光纤、耦合输入透镜、第二慢轴准直透镜、慢轴聚焦透镜、衍射光栅、第一慢轴准直透镜、第二快轴准直透镜、光接收探测器阵列。
在本实施例中优选：激光器芯片阵列具有发光单元，其中：激光器芯片阵列是多个分立的不同波长激光器芯片构成阵列或是单片具有不同波长的多个发光单元激光器芯片构成的阵列。
在本实施例中优选：光接收探测器阵列是多个分立的探测器芯片构成的阵列或是单片具有多个探测器单元的探测器芯片构成阵列，其中：探测器芯片阵列与激光器芯片阵列各通道的工作波长相对应。
在本实施例中优选：第一快轴准直透镜和第二快轴准直透镜为柱面准线平面垂直于激光器芯片阵列发光单元慢轴平面的柱面镜；第一慢轴准直透镜、慢轴聚焦透镜和第二慢轴准直透镜为柱面的准线平面平行于激光器芯片阵列发光单元慢轴平面的柱面镜；第一快轴准直透镜和第二快轴准直透镜为芯片阵列共用的一体快轴准直透镜，或是多个分立的快轴准直微透镜组成的阵列。
在本实施例中优选：慢轴聚焦透镜和第二慢轴准直透镜组成激光器芯片阵列发光单元慢轴平面内扩束/缩束系统，并依接收光方向设置为第二慢轴准直透镜的后焦点是慢轴聚焦透镜的前焦点。
在本实施例中优选：第一快轴准直透镜前焦点和第一慢轴准直透镜前焦点以重合光发射的方位设置，激光器芯片阵列各发光单元依次排列在第一慢轴准直透镜和第一快轴准直透镜公共的前焦面上；第一慢轴准直透镜后焦点和第二快轴准直透镜后焦点以重合光接收的方位设置，光接收探测器阵列各探测单元依次排列在第一慢轴准直透镜和第二快轴准直透镜公共的后焦面上。
在本实施例中优选：耦合输出透镜和耦合输入透镜是球面透镜、非球面透镜或渐变折射率透镜。
有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益的效果是：光波复用/解复用的衍射光栅滤波特性好，耦合损耗和波长相关插损较小，独立光学元件尺寸较大，装配工艺相对简单，更适用于制作多通道(4通道及以上)的光波复用/解复用光收发组件。该组件收发一体，可以有效的减少器件管壳的使用及模块的体积，有助于模块的集成化，降低了成本。发射组件和接收组件公用一个滤波光元件和大部分光学透镜，在多通道复用/解复用场合下小尺寸的独立元件个数明显减少。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的平面结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的另一视角平面结构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合具体实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明的技术方案，而不应当理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，术语“内”、“外”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明而不是要求本发明必须以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不应当理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明提供一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件，为上行光发射单元和下行的光接收单元使用共同的波分复用/解复用光路结构。将多路不同波长的发光单元的光束分别依次经过快慢轴准直、衍射衍射光栅合束和准直光束压缩单元汇聚到同一个光输出端口；并将输入端口接收的含有不同波长的光束依次经过准直扩束、衍射光栅分束单元分解为空间上不同出射角多路平行光束，并由慢快轴聚焦透镜将各路平行光束聚焦于光接收探测器阵列各探测单元上。
在本发明实施例中，基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件，可应用于CWDM或LAN-WDM的多通道波长同时工作的情形，常用的通道数有4、8、16或其他任意数量，不同的通道数其波分复用/解复用光收发组件的结构基本是一致的，不同之处在于随着光通道数的增减，与之相应的激光器芯片阵列发光单元和光接收探测器阵列探测单元个数增加、第一快轴准直透镜沿激光器芯片阵列排布方向的外形尺寸和第二快轴准直透镜沿光接收探测器阵列排布方向的外形尺寸增长或激光器第一微透镜阵列微透镜单元和第二微透镜阵列微透镜单元个数对应增减。
请参阅图1，为本发明提供的一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件实施例的平面结构示意图，图2是从衍射光栅处等效展开光路的结构示意图。在图中，包括激光器芯片阵列1、光接收探测器阵列2、第一快轴准直透镜3、第二快轴准直透镜4、第一慢轴准直透镜5、衍射光栅6、慢轴聚焦透镜7、第二慢轴准直透镜8、光隔离器9、耦合输出透镜10、耦合输入透镜11、耦合输出光纤12和耦合输入光纤13。
光发射单元依光路设置包括激光器芯片阵列1、第一快轴准直透镜3、第一 慢轴准直透镜5、衍射光栅6、慢轴聚焦透镜7、第二慢轴准直透镜8、光隔离器9、耦合输出透镜10、耦合输出光纤11。
光接收单元依光路设置包括耦合输入光纤13、耦合输入透镜11、第二慢轴准直透镜8、慢轴聚焦透镜7、衍射光栅6、第一慢轴准直透镜5、第二快轴准直透镜4、光接收探测器阵列2。
激光器芯片阵列1、第一快轴准直透镜3、光隔离器9、耦合输出透镜10和耦合输出光纤12处于同一个平面Ⅰ上；光接收探测器阵列2、第二快轴准直透镜4、耦合输入透镜11和耦合输入光纤13处于同一平面Ⅱ上。平面Ⅰ和平面Ⅱ分别处于系统光路的中心平面两侧，且相互平行(平行于图1中XOZ平面)。衍射光栅6刻线方向垂直于平面Ⅰ和平面Ⅱ。第一快轴准直透镜3和第二快轴准直透镜4为柱面的准线平面垂直于平面Ⅰ和平面Ⅱ(平行于图2中YOZ平面)的柱面镜。第一慢轴准直透镜5、慢轴聚焦透镜7和第二慢轴准直透镜8为柱面的准线平面平行于平面Ⅰ和平面Ⅱ(平行于图1中XOZ平面)的柱面镜。
激光器芯片阵列与光接收探测器阵列关于光路中心平面上下垂直设置。
激光器芯片阵列1具有发光单元，其中该激光器芯片阵列是多个分立的不同波长激光器芯片构成阵列或是单片具有不同波长的多个发光单元激光器芯片构成的阵列，各通道的波长可以是满足IEEE规范的不同的CWDM或LWDM波长，也可以是其他任意波长。
光接收探测器阵列2是多个分立的探测器芯片构成的阵列或是单片具有多个探测器单元的探测器芯片构成阵列，其中该探测器芯片阵列与所述激光器芯片阵列1的各通道的工作波长相对应。
慢轴聚焦透镜7和第二慢轴准直透镜8和组成了慢轴方向(弧矢面内)扩束/缩束系统，依接收光的方向，第二慢轴准直透镜8的后焦点是慢轴聚焦透镜7的前焦点。
耦合输出透镜10和耦合输入透镜11可以是C-Lens(球面透镜)或G-Lens(渐变折射率透镜)，也可以是其它任何球面和非球面透镜。
依光发射的方向，第一快轴准直透镜3的前焦点和第一慢轴准直透镜5的前焦点重合，激光器芯片阵列1各发光单元依波长大小依次排列在第一慢轴准直透镜5和第一快轴准直透镜3的公共前焦面上。
依光接收的方向，第一慢轴准直透镜5的后焦点和第二快轴准直透镜4后焦点重合，光接收探测器阵列2各探测单元依波长大小依次排列在第一慢轴准直透镜5和第二快轴准直透镜4的公共后焦面上。
在图1和图2中，假定衍射光栅为透射式光栅，光栅前后的光学系统中心轴相互垂直，则弧矢平面内(XOZ平面)内，激光器芯片阵列1第i个发光单元波导中心和光接收探测器阵列2第i个探测单元中心位置与光学系统中心轴的间距hi为：
Figure PCTCN2015099206-appb-000001
其中λi为第i个发光单元的中心波长(i＝1,2……n-1,n，n为光通道的个数)，d为衍射光栅6的光栅常数，φ为依接收光的方向，入射的平行光束与光栅法线的夹角，f1为第一慢轴准直透镜5的有效焦距。
值得说明的是，这里激光器芯片阵列1第i个发光单元和光接收探测器阵列2第i个探测单元的位置描述是说明性，是该实例中一个举例应用，本发明实例并不限于此。
光发射单元的波分复用的具体过程描述为：激光器芯片阵列1发出n个不同波长光依次经过第一快轴准直透镜3和第一慢轴准直透镜5分别进行子午面(快轴)和弧矢面(慢轴)准直，投射至衍射光栅6上，不同波长准直光束经衍射光栅衍射合束，再经慢轴聚焦透镜7和第二慢轴准直透镜8和实现慢轴方向(弧矢面内)缩束，进入光学隔离器9后，最后通过耦合输出透镜10耦合进耦合输出光纤12。
光接收单元的解复用的具体过程描述为：输入光信号含有多种不同波长的信号光，首先通过耦合输入光纤13和耦合输入透镜11组成的准直器准直，平行光束再经过第二慢轴准直透镜8和慢轴聚焦透镜7实现慢轴方向(弧矢面内)扩束。扩束平行光束经过衍射光栅6分光成依次排列不同衍射角θi的单通道光信号，经过衍射光栅6后的不同波长的通道光信号依次经过第一慢轴准直透镜5和第二快轴准直透镜4，将不同波长的光在第一慢轴准直透镜5和第二快轴准直透镜4的公共后焦面上沿光栅刻线方向分别进行弧矢面(慢轴)和子午面(快轴)聚焦，分布在不同位置，即聚焦到光接收探测器阵列2的不同探测单元。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于衍射光栅的波分复用/解复用光收发组件，是由激光器芯片阵列、光接收探测器阵列、第一快轴准直透镜、第二快轴准直透镜、第一慢轴准直透镜、衍射光栅、慢轴聚焦透镜、第二慢轴准直透镜、光隔离器、耦合输出透镜、耦合输入透镜、耦合输出光纤和耦合输入光纤构成的上行光发射单元和下行光接收单元，其特征在于：第一快轴准直透镜与激光器芯片阵列对应设置，第二快轴准直透镜与光接收探测器阵列对应设置，激光器芯片阵列与光接收探测器阵列垂直设置并上下错开，耦合输出透镜与耦合输出光纤组成出射光纤准直器，耦合输入透镜与耦合输入光纤组成入射光纤准直器，分别输出发射光信号和接收入射光信号，发射光和入射光上下分布经过第一慢轴准直透镜、衍射光栅、慢轴聚焦透镜和第二慢轴准直透镜。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：光发射单元和接收单元公用第一慢轴准直透镜、衍射光栅、慢轴聚焦透镜、第二慢轴准直透镜，第一快轴准直透镜和第二快轴准直透镜用于光束子午面内准直，第一慢轴准直透镜用于光束弧矢面内准直，衍射光栅光路用于波分复用/解复用，慢轴聚焦透镜和第二慢轴准直透镜组成扩束/缩束系统，实现光束变换，光隔离器用于实现输出光反向隔离。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：光发射单元依光路设置包括激光器芯片阵列、第一快轴准直透镜、第一慢轴准直透镜、衍射光栅、慢轴聚焦透镜、第二慢轴准直透镜、光隔离器、耦合输出透镜、耦合输出光纤。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：光接收单元依光路设置包括耦合输入光纤、耦合输入透镜、第二慢轴准直透镜、慢轴聚焦透镜、衍射光栅、第一慢轴准直透镜、第二快轴准直透镜、光接收探测器阵列。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：激光器芯片阵列具有发光单元，其中：激光器芯片阵列是多个分立的不同波长激光器芯片构成阵列或是单片具有不同波长的多个发光单元激光器芯片构成的阵列。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：光接收探测器阵列是多个分立的探测器芯片构成的阵列或是单片具有多个探测器单元的探测器芯片构成阵列，其中：探测器芯片阵列与激光器芯片阵列各通道的工作波长相对应。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：第一快轴准直透镜和第二快轴 准直透镜为柱面准线平面垂直于激光器芯片阵列发光单元慢轴平面的柱面镜；第一慢轴准直透镜、慢轴聚焦透镜和第二慢轴准直透镜为柱面的准线平面平行于激光器芯片阵列发光单元慢轴平面的柱面镜；第一快轴准直透镜和第二快轴准直透镜为芯片阵列共用的一体快轴准直透镜，或是多个分立的快轴准直微透镜组成的阵列。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：慢轴聚焦透镜和第二慢轴准直透镜组成激光器芯片阵列发光单元慢轴平面内扩束/缩束系统，并依接收光方向设置为第二慢轴准直透镜的后焦点是慢轴聚焦透镜的前焦点。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：第一快轴准直透镜前焦点和第一慢轴准直透镜前焦点以重合光发射的方位设置，激光器芯片阵列各发光单元依次排列在第一慢轴准直透镜和第一快轴准直透镜公共的前焦面上；第一慢轴准直透镜后焦点和第二快轴准直透镜后焦点以重合光接收的方位设置，光接收探测器阵列各探测单元依次排列在第一慢轴准直透镜和第二快轴准直透镜公共的后焦面上。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的光收发组件，其特征在于：耦合输出透镜和耦合输入透镜是球面透镜、非球面透镜或渐变折射率透镜。
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