WO2017063926A1

WO2017063926A1 - Adsorber, method for producing an adsorber, and vehicle comprising an adsorber

Info

Publication number: WO2017063926A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/073736
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Friedrich
Original assignee: Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2015-10-12
Filing date: 2016-10-05
Publication date: 2017-04-20
Also published as: US20180231279A1; DE102015219688A1; DE102015219688B4; CN107850357A

Abstract

The invention relates to an adsorber (2) for a vehicle, comprising a housing (4), in which a sorbent (16) is arranged for storing heat and for dispensing stored heat, and comprising a heat exchanger (6), which is arranged within the housing (4), has a wall (8) that encloses a cavity for conducting a heating medium, and has an outer surface (20) that contacts the sorbent (16), for exchanging heat. By virtue of a special design of the heat exchanger (6), the sorbent (16), and the arrangement thereof relative to each other, a particularly high power density and heat storage capacity are achieved. The invention further relates to a method for producing the adsorber (2) and to a vehicle which has an adsorption system comprising such an adsorber (2).

Description

ADSORBER, METHOD FOR. PREPARATION OF ADSORBERS AND VEHICLES WITH ADSORBER

description

The invention relates to an adsorber for a motor vehicle, a method for producing such an adsorber and a vehicle with such an adsorber.

An adsorber is generally used in a so-called adsorption plant, which primarily serves the storage and subsequent release of heat. For this purpose, the adsorber has a housing in which a sorbent, i. a sorbent material and a sorbate are arranged, the latter depending on whether the adsorber off or supplied heat is stored in the sorbent or paged out of this. Frequently, the sorbent is a crystalline solid and the sorbate gaseous in the external state and then adsorbed by the sorbent with heat release. Known materials in this context are, for example, zeolite as sorbent and water as sorbate. Adsorption then releases heat of adsorption emitted by the adsorber. The storage is done here typically purely physical and is particularly electrostatic nature, a chemical compound is not present. In the reverse process, desorption, on the other hand, heat is absorbed by the adsorber to relocate the sorbate, i. to desorb the sorbent.

The heat removal and supply usually takes place by means of a heat exchanger, which is in contact with the sorbent. Of the Heat exchanger itself is flowed through by a heat medium, which serves for the heat transport to the adsorber and from this fort. The adsorber is therefore a heat storage, which can be used both as a heat sink and as a heat source for cooling or heating of other components, which are thermally coupled via the heat exchanger with the adsorber.

In a vehicle, i. a power, electric or hybrid vehicle, an adsorber is sometimes used as part of an adsorption plant, which serves the air conditioning of various components of the vehicle, such as the passenger compartment. In this case, for example, a zeolite-water system is used in which by means of adsorption of water on the zeolite adsorption heat is released. For this purpose, the water is often arranged in a vessel or reservoir, which is connected to the zeolite under pressure. The water then evaporates in the vessel while absorbing heat. By using such adsorption, it is then possible to dispense with a conventional refrigerant circuit and in particular to a compressor and conventional refrigerant.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved adsorber. This should be as efficient as possible, ie have the highest possible power density and ensure the most efficient heat transfer between heat medium and sorbent. In this case, special automotive requirements are to be taken into account, resulting from a use of the adsorber in a motor vehicle. These include, for example, installation space, production costs and mechanical stability of the adsorber, in particular for impact and vibration loads. Furthermore, a method for producing the adsorber and a vehicle with such an adsorber are to be specified. The object is achieved by an adsorber with the features of claim 1. The object is in particular also achieved by an adsorber in one of the embodiments according to claims 20, 21 and 22, which each describe a particularly advantageous embodiment. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method having the features according to claim 23, in particular by a method having the features according to claim 25 and by a vehicle having the features according to claim 30. Advantageous refinements, developments and variants are the subject matter of the subclaims. The statements in connection with the adsorber apply mutatis mutandis to the process and the vehicle and vice versa.

The advantageous embodiments of the adsorber also lead to the improvement of a Adsorptionsaniage, in softened such an adsorber is installed. The object is therefore in particular also solved by an adsorption system which has a number of such adsorbers as analgesic parts,

The adsorber is designed for use in a vehicle, ie fulfills in particular the standards and regulations in the field of vehicle safety and stability. As essential components, the adsorber has a housing and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has a wall which encloses a cavity for guiding a heat medium, for example a water / Giykot mixture or a thermal oil. The heat medium is primarily used for heat removal from the adsorber and for heat supply to the adsorber. Accordingly, the heat exchanger can be connected via suitable connections to a line system, which allows heat transfer between various components of the vehicle and the adsorber. The heat exchanger is disposed within the housing, ie the housing encloses the heat exchanger and forms an adsorber, which is thus bounded and defined by an inner wall of the housing and an outer wall, which is also referred to as the outer surface of the heat exchanger in the adsorber a sorbent is arranged for storing heat released from the heat exchanger and for delivering stored heat to the heat exchanger. The storage and the release of heat take place in particular by means of de-and adsorption of a sorbate. For heat exchange, the outer surface of the heat exchanger is in contact with the sorbent, ie the sorbent is arranged on the outer surface. In particular, at least 75% of the outer surface is in thermal contact with the sorbent, ie at least 75% of the outer surface is in surface top contact with the sorbent,

In particular, the adsorber is a part of an adsorption plant, which has a reservoir for the sorbate, wherein the reservoir is connected to the adsorber, so that in the desorption excess sorbate is stored in the reservoir under local heat release and adsorption in accordance with sorbate from the reservoir under local heat absorption is guided into the adsorber room. The adsorber space in the adsorber and the reservoir of the adsorption system are connected to each other in a first variant via a suitable line and together form a relation to the environment in particular pressure-resistant closed system, so that no sorbate escapes. It is also conceivable that a plurality of adsorber spaces and / or a plurality of reservoirs are connected to one another in such a closed system and then form a sorbate distribution system. In a second variant, the reservoir is arranged directly at the end of the adsorber space and forms a collector space there. Again, the adsorber and the reservoir accordingly form a flameproof system. Aligemein is under In particular, the cavity in the heat exchanger in which a heat medium is conducted and all the adsorber parts and system constituents used to guide the heat medium are expediently the vacuum cavity and in particular lines designed overpressure-resistant, to lead the heat medium up to an overpressure of up to 80 bar.

Further requirements due to the use of automobiles arise, for example, with regard to the environmental compatibility of the materials and chemicals used. Preferably, the sorbent and sorbate are non-toxic to prevent leakage of toxins upon damage. Furthermore, the sorbent and the sorbate are suitably non-flammable or at least flame retardant in order to minimize the risk potential in an accident. Preferably, the sorbate is then water or a water / antifreeze mixture, in particular a water / glycol mixture, and the sorbent is a zeolite or a mixture of several zeolites. In particular, the zeolite is admixed with a binder, preferably with a mass fraction of at most about 20%.

An advantage achieved by the invention is in particular that an improved heat exchange within the adsorber between the sorbent and the heat medium is realized by the special and improved contact of the sorbent with the heat exchanger. The adsorber thereby shows in operation a particularly high dynamics, ie a high power density, ie a particularly high rate at which the sorbate from the sorbent and discharged. Furthermore, the storage capacity of the sorbent is optimally utilized by the improved heat absorption, so that the adsorber and a particularly high heat storage capacity, d, h. Has energy density. The adsorber thus has an improved Ratio of size to performance over conventional adsorbers on. This is especially in an automotive application, d, h. advantageous for use in a vehicle. A further advantage of the invention in this context is, in particular, the improved vibration resistance and, in general, the improved robustness of the adsorber, in particular over long-lasting mechanical effects,

Of particular importance to the functioning and efficiency of the adsorber is the heat transfer between the heat exchanger and the sorbent, d. H. the sorbent material. The efficiency is substantially of the contact, d. H. in particular the contact surface between the sorbent and the heat exchanger dependent. Improvement of the contact by simple scaling of the heat exchanger and / or simple enlargement of its outer wall, d. H. Exterior surface is usually contrary to a significantly increased effort and a correspondingly increased space requirements. The invention is based on the consideration that these are both disadvantages which are typically accepted for use outside the automotive sector, but acquire a completely different meaning when used in this area. In this respect, the previous concepts for designing an adsorber are not optimally geared to use in a vehicle. In contrast, a particularly good contact is made according to the invention and in this context and contrary to the known embodiments, in particular an increased production costs accepted.

The heat exchanger is designed in particular as a tube heat exchanger, tube bundle heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger or microchannel heat exchanger. Generally, the heat exchanger has a cavity with a certain Cross-section, which determines what amount of heat medium can flow through the heat exchanger per time. The cavity is surrounded by a wall with a certain wall thickness, which significantly determines the pressure resistance and stability of the heat exchanger. Heat exchange between the heat medium and the sorbent takes place via this wall, the amount of heat transferred per time being significantly affected by the contact of the sorbent with the outer surface, d, h. the covering of which is determined with sorbent.

In each case suitable embodiments are just those heat exchangers particularly suitable in which the largest possible outer surface is achieved with the lowest possible wall thickness. Against the background of the basic space limitation in the automotive sector, therefore, heat exchangers with significantly smaller dimensions compared to conventional heat exchangers are preferred. In one embodiment, as a tube heat exchanger, the heat exchanger then has an inner diameter, which is advantageously at most 10 mm, with a configuration with at most 6 mm inner diameter is particularly advantageous. However, the inner diameter is in particular at least 1 mm. In one embodiment, as a tube bundle heat exchanger, ie as a heat exchanger with a plurality of tube heat exchangers, these tube heat exchangers each have an inner diameter, which is preferably in the range of 1 to 6 mm. Such small pipe diameters are not chosen in particular for adsorbers due to the increased production costs in conventional heat exchangers, but offer significant advantages, since the same cross-section on the one hand a significantly enlarged outer surface is present and on the other hand, due to reduced compressive stresses in the wall and the wall thickness is significantly lower Material and weight can be saved. In principle, in order to enlarge the outer surface, it is also possible to provide it with a number of ribs, lamellae, heat conducting plates or projections in general, the term "lamellae" being used in the following for the sake of simplicity and without restriction of generality Then, from the heat exchanger into the adsorber space and enlarge the outer surface accordingly, ie the lamellae each have a surface which is a part of the outer surface.Therefore, the heat exchanger preferably has a number of fins, wherein in a particularly suitable embodiment of the heat exchanger and the lamellae are integrally formed or one-piece, that is, the lamellae are not attached as separate components on the wall .This ensures a particularly good heat transfer from the lamellae to the wall .Alternatively, however, is also an embodiment with on de r wall mounted slats conceivable. These are then, for example welded or glued and preferably cohesively connected to the wall to ensure optimum heat transfer.

Particularly in one embodiment as a fin heat exchanger, but also generally in a heat exchanger with fins, in a preferred embodiment, the outer surface is increased by the fact that the heat exchanger is formed with a significantly increased fin density. In a laminated heat exchanger with a plurality of mutually parallel slats in particular, these are then preferably arranged at a distance of at most 1 mm from each other. In other types of heat exchangers, in particular in a tube heat exchanger, two respectively adjacent lamellae, which are often referred to in this context as ribs, to preferably at most 2 mm apart. In a suitable embodiment, the heat exchanger extends in a longitudinal direction, which is also a flow direction of the heat medium in the heat exchanger in operation, and the lamellae are in particular made elongated and extend straight in this longitudinal direction. In a second suitable variant, however, the fins have a more complex course and extend, for example, obliquely or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, in a helical heat exchanger around this, so that a generally additionally generated by the fins heat transfer is further increased principle is also a mutually crossing or overlapping course of the slats conceivable.

The above-described embodiment of the slats relates to the course of the same along the wall of the heat exchanger, d, h. a longitudinal profile of the slats, Alternatively or additionally follow the slats in an advantageous embodiment, starting from the wall and in the adsorber into a more complex, d. h, non-straight, course, in particular a curved course. As a result, it is possible to accommodate a significantly larger additional area in comparison with those slats which extend straight outwards on the same volume of construction. This embodiment is particularly suitable in the case of a pipe or plate heat exchanger in which the course from the wall to the outside is then a radial course. In an advantageous variant, a complex longitudinal course is combined with a complex course from the wall to the outside.

Between two adjacent lamellae, in addition, a distance is formed which, in particular in the case of a tube heat exchanger, is preferably enlarged towards the outside. As a result, an improved flow of the particular gaseous sorbate in the region of the heat exchanger can be achieved. Such a spreading of the gap However, between adjacent fins is also realized in a finned heat exchanger preferably in that the fins each have a thickness which is reduced starting from the wall to the outside, so that the fins are so thinner outwardly formed.

In a preferred refinement, at least two different types of lamellae are formed which, starting from the wall, have different lengths outwards. As a result, a lamellar density gradient is generated so to speak, d. H. the number of lamellae, which extends up to a certain distance from the wall, decreases with increasing distance from the wall. As a result, in particular the flow properties of the heat exchanger are improved.

In a suitable embodiment, the lamellae of different types are arranged alternately on the outer surface. In a preferred embodiment, every second lamella is only half as long as the two to these adjacent lamellae.

By a combination of the above-mentioned different types of slats with a complex profile of the slats, a design which is particularly suitable for automotive use can be achieved, which is particularly compact and nevertheless has a particularly high power density. In particular, the flow properties are particularly precisely adjustable.

Preferably, the heat exchanger has a support structure for the sorbent. By the support structure, the outer surface is significantly increased and the contact with the sorbate in operation significantly improved. The support structure is in particular porous or fibrous, with "porous Support structure "understood in a first variant, a sponge-like structure, with a plurality of cavities, which touch each other and thereby form a network of open pores and / or channels., In each case, a respective cavity, ie pore or channel, a diameter, the in particular less than 5 mm and greater than 0.02 mm.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the support structure has a porosity and a density which, starting from the wall and outwardly changed, in particular reduced. In other words, the amount of material decreases on the outside and the density is reduced towards the outside. In contrast, the porosity increases towards the outside, i. is increased to the outside, i. increased, and a lot of recesses in the material is increased. As a result, a density gradient is preferably formed which leads from the wall outwards to a coarser porosity, ie. H. the diameter of the cavities increases with increasing distance to the wall. As a result, similar to the one already described above in connection with the lamellae close to the wall, the carrier structure is on average more dense and thus ensures a high thermal conductivity and realizes a high power density. On the other hand, more sorbent is arranged further outwards on account of the larger cavities and / or an improved throughflow with sorbate is realized during operation, so that the arrangement likewise has a high heat storage capacity and power density.

For example, in the case of an embodiment with lamellae, these are formed in a porous manner, for example as a porous or sponge-like structure, or a porous, in particular spongelike structure is applied to the outside of the wall, for example in addition to lamellae or alternatively also in the case of a heat exchanger without lamellae. Here, the support structure is then attached in a suitable manner to the wall, for example, glued, soldered or welded. In a first embodiment, however, the support structure is in one piece, ie integrally formed with the heat exchanger, so quasi introduced into the wall or formed as a continuation of the wall to the outside, which then advantageously an enlarged surface is combined with a particularly high heat conductivity.

In a second embodiment, the support structure is formed as a fiber bundle, with a plurality of fibers and with a plurality of spaces between the fibers, wherein the intermediate spaces then form the cavities of this in this sense also porous support structure. Here by the term fibers are meant in particular those bodies which are thin, elongated elements, such as e.g. Wire sections, sheet metal strips, threads or the like, and especially also fibers or elements which have a particularly small diameter or a particularly small thickness, e.g. in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 0.02 mm. In an expedient embodiment, the fibers are made of aluminum and in general in particular of the same material as the wall of the heat exchanger in order to ensure the best possible heat conduction. The sorbent is then arranged in the intermediate spaces, the fiber bundle forming an advantageous enlargement of the outer surface. In an expedient embodiment, the fibers are interconnected at points in a thermally conductive manner, e.g. by sintering.

The fibers are then guided along the wall and / or around it and expediently pressed against this or thermally conductively attached to the wall, for example by soldering or welding. Particularly suitable is the formation of the support structure as a fiber bundle in combination with slats on the wall, in which case the fibers are laid accordingly between the slats, the slats then form a number of spaces in which the fibers are laid and which are filled in particular by the fibers and the sorbent.

The heat exchanger is preferably made of a light metal, in particular of aluminum, which is particularly light and inexpensive and also has good heat conduction properties. Aluminum is particularly suitable for the formation of the abovementioned porous support structure. From this, for example, an aluminum sponge or aluminum foam is produced, which is then fastened to the wall. Steel is also suitable as the material, and in principle also copper, which has particularly good heat conduction properties, but is less preferred because of its electrochemical properties. In an advantageous alternative, no metal but a temperature-resistant plastic is used, which is characterized in particular by low cost, good thermal conductivity, high flexibility, ease of manufacture and low weight. In general, the adsorber is formed temperature-resistant, which is understood in particular that the adsorber a temperature of about 150 ° C up to about 300 ° C withstands, in particular a temperature of the heat medium of this order of magnitude.

For the production of the heat exchanger or the entire adsorber, a rapid prototyping method is particularly suitable, in which the adsorber, that is to say its housing and its heat exchanger, is advantageously produced in one piece. In an advantageous variant, parts of the adsorption system, such as, for example, gas-tight or pressure-resistant line geometries for guiding sorbate or heat medium, are produced in one piece with the adsorber. As a starting material here both metal and plastic are conceivable. In the production by means of a rapid prototyping method is the Wall thickness of the heat exchanger expediently at least 0.5 mm, to ensure adequate gas tightness. Depending on the specific choice of material, however, the wall thickness may also be lower. An embodiment of the heat exchanger or the entire adsorber as a rapid prototyping part has in particular the advantage of a particularly high configurability, whereby the adsorber is optimally adapted to the respective space situation in the vehicle and whereby the space requirement is further reduced.

However, an alternative embodiment of the adsorber is particularly suitable such that only the housing or a part of the housing, in particular in combination with parts of the adsorption plant is produced as a rapid prototyping part, but not the heat exchanger, so that for the heat exchanger on semi-finished and inexpensive Standard method is used while the housing and possibly the corresponding parts of the adsorption system is manufactured according to demand and adapted to the automotive use or will be. In this case, suitable connections are expediently also directly formed on the housing for distribution and / or forwarding of the heat medium to components of the vehicle to be cooled or heated and / or to other adsorbers which are accommodated in the vehicle.

As a particularly inexpensive semi-finished product for the production of the heat exchanger, in particular a pipe or

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are predominantly extruded profiles, which are produced in particular in an extrusion process and as an endless product. In the production of such extruded profiles then advantageously also the lamellae are formed with. - -

Alternatively, a production of the heat exchanger, the housing, or the entire adsorber by means of a casting or injection molding process is advantageous. Such a method is preferably used for the preparation of the porous support structure. For this purpose, in a first step, a casting mold is filled with a sacrificial material which, upon injection of the material, produces the cavities in the material and is liquefied or vaporized due to the temperature of the injected material and then or later, e.g. drains off in a separate Ausschmelzvorgang so that a porous structure with interconnected cavities remains. For example, a plurality of plastic balls are used as sacrificial material, each having a diameter which then corresponds approximately to the diameter of the respective cavity.

Preferably, the entire heat exchanger Mitteis of the aforementioned injection molding process is prepared, in which case the cavity is kept free by a corresponding molding of the sacrificial material. It should be noted that in this case also a closed wall for the cavity is formed, e.g. also as components of the housing. This makes it possible to produce a one-piece heat exchanger with a porous support structure on the wall in a particularly simple manner. Due to the one-piece, d. H. Material connection arise then optimal thermal conduction properties between the support structure in which the sorbent is embedded and the wall. In a likewise preferred embodiment, the Ad sorber is partially or completely and additionally prepared including the housing and other sorbate and heat transfer ducts in the manner mentioned.

In principle, there are several suitable embodiments for the sorbent which, in combination with the variants described above for the heat exchanger, each have specific combinatory features Benefits unfold. An essential aspect here is the arrangement of the sorbent on the heat exchanger in order to achieve the best possible contact.

In principle, it is possible zeolite as a sorbent and in particular spherical or spherical bulk material, d. H. to arrange in the form of a bed around the heat exchanger around and, for example, additionally to fix by means of a holding net. However, this solution produces only selective contact with the outer surface of the heat exchanger and leads to a correspondingly low power density. Furthermore, this solution is unfavorable from a mechanical point of view and has in particular a poor stability in vibration. Nonetheless, the use of bulk material in combination with the improved heat exchangers described above initially allows sufficient adsorber efficiency for the automotive sector. The bed is in particular made such that on the outer surface about two to three layers of balls or bulk solids are arranged, wherein the balls each have an average diameter of about 0.3 to 2 mm. A bed is characterized above all by a high heat storage capacity and is basically suitable for use in a vehicle from this point of view.

An improved contact is achieved in an advantageous variant, characterized in that the sorbent is formed as a number of moldings, which are in particular arranged accurately fit on the heat exchanger. The sorbent is therefore not formed as a loose bulk material, but shaped so that the sorbent can fit very precisely, in particular form-fitting manner on the heat exchanger. As a result, the contact surface is significantly improved and the available volume optimally filled with sorbent and used In a further and particularly advantageous variant, the sorbent is applied to the heat exchanger as a direct coating, in short coating, whereby a particularly good contact between sorbent and heat exchanger is ensured. The coating has in particular a thickness in the range of 0.05 to 1, 5 mm. The coating is prepared, for example, starting from a paste which is applied to the wall and cured there. Alternatively, a combination of the above-mentioned bulk material with an adhesive or a binder for forming a particular continuous coating suitable, in which case the adhesive fills in particular parts of the interstices between the bulk material. The design of the sorbent as a coating has the particular advantage that the sorbent is particularly firmly and stably connected to the heat exchanger and the adsorber is thus less susceptible to vibration and therefore particularly suitable for use in a vehicle. In addition, then in particular also a comparatively complicated attachment by means of a soldering process or a holding network is unnecessary, so that the production of the adsorber is simplified accordingly.

In a first advantageous embodiment, the direct coating is applied by means of a dip bath, wherein the heat exchanger to be coated or the support structure to be coated is immersed in the dip bath and then the sorbent is deposited. In this case, advantageously, a part of the material of the heat exchanger is transferred into the coating, so that there is a particularly strong, material and thus cohesive connection.

Particularly preferred is a second embodiment in which the direct coating is applied by means of a crystallization to the heat exchanger, for example, in an immersion bath. Here, the sorbent or portions of the sorbent is preferably uniform on the External surface deposited and combine in particular firmly with the material of the wall. Especially when using a zeolite and a heat exchanger made of aluminum, the coating cohesively connects to the wall in that aluminum is deposited from the wall during crystallization in the coating. The sorbent and the heat exchanger are then integrally formed, whereby an optimal heat conduction between sorbent and heat exchanger is ensured. Such a coating is also particularly stable and is therefore particularly suitable for an adsorber used in a vehicle. In particular, the design of the heat exchanger with a porous support structure is suitable for applying a direct coating, since in this case the greatly enlarged outer surface is utilized particularly efficiently and a particularly compact adsorber with high power density is realized.

The direct coating is also suitable for the above-described support structure in an embodiment as a fiber bundle. Here, the individual fibers or the entire fiber bundle are provided with a coating of sorbent, wherein in particular the material selection described above also unfolds the advantages mentioned here.

The direct coating and generally the coating is alternatively prepared by spraying or spraying the sorbate onto a surface, wherein good bonding is achieved, in particular after a curing or drying process.

In an alternative and likewise advantageous method, a molded part made of sorbent is formed by pressing a carrier structure with powdered sorbent, ie the sorbent in powder form. A molded part produced in this way is also referred to as a combination molded part, since this is a combination of sorbent and support structure. This method is particularly suitable for pressing fibers of a fiber bundle. In this case, the powdered sorbent is arranged in a suitable form and the fibers are interspersed, inserted or drawn into the sorbent. Preferably, the proportion of fibers in this case is about 5 to 25 vol .-%; the rest is especially sorbent. This arrangement is then pressed, so that a Kombiformteil is formed, which is traversed by fibers. This combi-molded part then has an improved thermal conductivity due to the additional fibers compared to a molded part made only of sorbent. In principle, an application of this method to other carrier structures is also advantageous. The combination molding is then glued to the heat exchanger, for example, for fixing and thermal connection.

For further improvement, in an advantageous development, a number of channels are then introduced, for example drilled, into the pressed sorbent, that is to say into the composite molding. The channels then act during operation in particular as gas channels for the sorbate, so that the storage and removal of the sorbate is significantly simplified. Preferably, such a composite molding with channels is then used instead of a conventional molding in any embodiments of the adsorbent with the sorbent as a molding. In a suitable variant, the powdered sorbent with the fibers embedded therein, generally the stored support structure, is pressed directly onto the heat exchanger or compressed around it. In this case, both a tube heat exchanger and a Rohrbündefwärmtauscher as a starting point for this method is suitable. Also, a pressing of the sorbent with the heat exchanger and without a support structure is advantageous, especially in a heat exchanger having a number of fins. - -

A particularly efficient and powerful adsorber is realized in a preferred embodiment in that the sorbent is present in at least two different configurations, which are selected from a group of configurations comprising: sorbent as a bed, sorbent as a coating, sorbent as a molded part, sorbent on one support structure; Sorbent with carrier structure as a combination molding; Sorbent compressed together with the heat exchanger, i. in particular sorbent as co-pressed with heat exchanger combination molding. These configurations have been described above, but have further advantages in combination. Thus, the combination of different configurations enables an optimal design of the power density and the heat storage capacity of the adsorber, which is based on the finding that a sorbent formed, for example, as a bulk material or a molded part has a particularly high heat storage capacity, i. Energy density, the use of e.g. a support structure and / or a direct coating, however, a significant advantage for the dynamics, d. H. the power density of the adsorber is. By combining these two advantages, a particularly suitable for the automotive sector adsorber can be realized.

In a suitable embodiment, the sorbent is designed as a direct coating on the wall and / or optionally between the fins of a heat exchanger in a first, near region, ie near the wall, either directly on the wall and / or the fins and / or on a support structure, which is arranged between the slats, for example an aluminum foam. In a second, remote area, further away from the wall, the sorbent is then arranged as a molded part and / or as a bulk material and / or a coated or compressed fiber bundle. The direct coating arranged close to the wall then provides high dynamics in the heat conduction, which is particularly useful during operation and during periodic adsorption and desorbing is beneficial. In contrast, the further outboard, massive sorbent provides a high heat storage capacity, which is particularly advantageous in business interruptions and subsequent cold starts of the vehicle, as this massive sorbent over a longer period, for example, several hours or days, energy-saving heat stores.

In an exemplary and preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger is formed with lamellae of different lengths, wherein a coating of sorbent is applied in the near region, which is then more densely covered with lamellae, and in the remote region, in which only a subset of lamellae protrude, the sorbent is arranged in a configuration as a bulk material or a number of fiber bundles or an aluminum foam, which are each coated with sorbent.

In further advantageous embodiments with the sorbent in two different configurations, a direct coating is first applied to the heat exchanger in particular by crystallization, subsequently arranged sorbent in particular as bulk material and then the sorbent with the direct coating materially connected by the overall arrangement of direct coating and additional sorbent Crystallization, for example, in a dip, is subjected, in which the additional sorbent with the direct coating, so to speak baked and incorporated into these thermally and mechanically. As a result, a particularly stable arrangement of both configurations of the sorbent is achieved at the same time. Thus, this combination also allows the use of bulk material, wherein the original disadvantage of lack of vibration resistance is eliminated by the cohesive connection with the coating. The - -

the same advantages arise analogously when combining a coating by crystallization with a number of moldings, in a suitable variant, the initial direct coating is omitted in the embodiment described above and arranged only the sorbent as bulk material or molded part on the heat exchanger and then a direct coating by means of dip or Subjected to crystallization.

In general, therefore, results from the combination of two different configurations of the sorbent adsorber, which has a high dynamics in operation and at the same time a high heat storage capacity.

Conveniently, the sorbate used in a particular configuration, or even the material of which the sorbent is made, is selected depending on this configuration. This is based on the knowledge that certain materials, in particular zeolites, are particularly suitable for certain configurations. In particular in connection with water as sorbate, for example, zeolite of the type NaY or 13X is suitable. as bulk material for a desorption temperature of e.g. above 160 ° C and type SAP034 zeolite e.g. for direct coating, co-crystallisation for a desorption temperature of e.g. below 160 ° C.

The adsorber is expediently designed in such a way that it can be integrated into another component of the vehicle, or that another component of the vehicle is integrated in the adsorber. This other component is in particular a component of a Adsorptionsaniage the vehicle, such as an evaporator, a condenser, a heater, a valve for controlling the management of the heat medium, a switching valve or a flapper or check valve, for controlling the guidance of the sorbate, ie for example water vapor. The component is suitably thermally decoupled from the adsorber, for example by air gaps or housing interruptions. In this way, in particular the power density of the entire adsorption plant is increased.

In a further expedient refinement, a sensor or condition sensor which is, for example, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor or a combination sensor or a sensor for determining the sorbate concentration in the adsorber space and in general, in particular a sensor for determining a state of the adsorber, is integrated into the adsorber. This is based on the idea that especially in the automotive sector dynamically changing demands are placed on the operation of the adsorber and a pure estimate of the state due to a known charge and discharge curve for the storage and removal of the sorbate is not possible. Rather, it can be assumed that in dynamic operation the adsorption and the desorption occur differently depending on requirements and requirements, e.g. for dynamic operating point adaptation of the adsorption plant, and then, accordingly, a measurement of the condition, e.g. the sorbate concentration in the adsorber space, is advantageous.

Alternatively or additionally, it is also expedient to integrate in the adsorber as a component a position taker, by means of which in operation a position of particular passive, d. H. not actively controlled or controlled valves, such as steam valves or check valves, is determined. By determining and in particular monitoring the position, it is then possible to derive further information about the state of the adsorber.

Overall, then by the integration of one or more sensors and / or position takers then advantageously a monitoring of Conditions. For this purpose, in particular, a control unit is arranged, also referred to as a controller, or the sensors and / or position taker are connected to a suitable control unit of the vehicle, so that an optimal monitoring of the state takes place and possibly the adsorber or the adsorption of the vehicle is controlled as efficiently as possible. In this connection, switching of the adsorber between adsorption and desorption is of particular interest. In order to achieve an optimal and, in particular, performance-optimal use of the available heat storage capacity, a switching time is advantageously determined on the basis of the determined state of the adsorber, so that the adsorber is switched at exactly the right moment.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In each case schematically show:

1 an adsorber,

FIG. 2 shows a heat exchanger for the adsorber from FIG. 1, FIG.

Fig. 3 shows a variant of the heat exchanger of Fig. 2, and

4 shows a further variant of the heat exchanger from FIG. 2.

In Fig. 1, an adsorber 2 is shown in a cross-sectional view. The adsorber 2 has a housing 4, in which a heat exchanger 6 is arranged, which extends in a longitudinal direction L and is designed here as a tube heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 6 has a wall 8, which defines a cavity towards the inside, through which a heat medium flows during operation. For connection to a not shown adsorption of a vehicle, also not shown, the adsorber 2 also has two terminals 10th on, via which the cavity of the heat exchanger 6 is accessible. By supplying and removing the heat medium, a heat exchange with other, not shown components of the vehicle is then possible.

The wall 8 and the housing 4 include an adsorber 12, which is also accessible via at least one supply line 14. Also via the supply line 14 of the adsorber is also connected to the adsorption. For heat storage and for the realization of the essential functionality of the adsorbent, a sorbate 16 is now arranged on the heat exchanger 6 and a sorbent 18 present here in the adsorber space 12 in gaseous form. The sorbate 16 is arranged on the heat exchanger 6, more precisely on an outer surface 20 of the heat exchanger 6 and with this in contact, so that a particularly efficient heat conduction between the wall 8 and the sorbate 16 is ensured.

In the heat release, ie when discharging heat from the adsorber 2, cold heat medium is passed through the heat exchanger 6, which receives heat via the wall 8, which is generated by adsorption of sorbate 18 in the sorbent 16. Conversely, in the heat storage, ie when loading the adsorber 2 with heat, heat is removed from the heat medium and the sorbent 16 is desorbed, ie stored in the sorbent 16 sorbate 18 is removed and discharged into the adsorber 12. Via the supply line 14 is then a supply and removal of sorbate 18 from or into the adsorber 12 possible, so that, for example, excess sorbate 18 can be supplied to a reservoir, not shown. Any lines, reservoirs and housings connected to the supply line 14 then form, in particular, a gas- and pressure-tight sealed system with the adsorber space 12. The sorbent 16 is in particular a zeolite and the sorbate is 18 in particular water or a water / antifreeze mixture, for example a water / glycol mixture.

Of essential importance for the performance of the adsorber 2 on the one hand, the Confakt between the wall 8, more specifically the outer surface 20 and the sorbent 18 and on the other hand, the accessibility of the sorbent 16 for the sorbent 18 for the purpose of adsorption and desorption. A significant improvement in performance is then achieved in particular by a suitable embodiment of the heat exchanger 6 in general and the outer surface 20 in particular, and by a suitable embodiment of the sorbent 16 and a suitable arrangement of the same on the wall 8. FIGS. 2 and 3 now show each in a cross-section transverse to the longitudinal direction L, a suitable embodiment of a heat exchanger 6 with attached sorbent 16th

The heat exchanger shown in Fig. 2 has a number of fins 22a _» 22b extending from the wall 8 in a radial direction R outward, each followed by a curved course. In this case, two different types of blades 22a, 22b are formed, namely short blades 22a and long blades 22b, which extend radially differently. In the embodiment shown here, the long blades 22b are about twice as long as the short blades 22a. In addition, lamellae 22a, 22b are arranged alternately around the wall 8 in the direction of rotation. In the radial direction R, two regions 24a, 24b are formed in this way, which have a different lamellar density. In a first, near region 24a near the wall 8, the lamellar density is greater due to the additional short lamellae 22a than in a second, removed region 24b, into which only long lamellae 22b extend. In addition, the sorbent 16 is formed in two different configurations in FIG. 2, one configuration each being arranged in one of the regions 24a, 24b. Thus, in the near area 24a, the sorbent 16 is formed as a direct coating 26, which has a particularly good and in particular cohesive connection with the outer surface 20, ie here both with the wall 8 and with the lamellae 22a, 22b. The direct coating 26 is applied, for example by means of a dip bath or by means of a crystallization on the outer surface 20 and materially connected thereto, for example by individual atoms from the wall 8 and the fins 22a, 22b used to form the direct coating 26. This is thus formed integrally with the heat exchanger 6. in the remote area 24b, in contrast, a fiber bundle 28 with a multiplicity of fibers 30 is arranged between each two adjacent long lamellae 22b. The fibers 30 are in turn coated with sorbent 16. A respective fiber bundle 28 represents a support structure 32, which has a particularly large surface due to the fibers 30, on which on the one hand particularly much sorbent 16 can be arranged and which on the other hand allows a good flow through the fiber bundle 28 with sorbate 18. Overall, this embodiment with two different configurations, an adsorber 2 is realized, which has both a high power density and thus high dynamics in heat exchange, as well as a high heat storage capacity. The particular power density is thereby generated primarily by the improved contact of the direct coating 26 in the near area 24a, while the particular heat storage capacity is primarily generated by the large mass of sorbent 16 in the remote area 24b, the fibers 30 allowing good heat input and drainage and the interstices a good flow with sorbate 18. In a variant not shown, no fiber bundle 30 is disposed in the remote region 24b, but another support structure 32, which is formed, for example, as a sponge and preferably made of aluminum and which is coated with sorbent 16. Such a sponge and generally a porous support structure 32 is also suitable for arrangement in the near area 24a due to the good heat conduction. In another variant, not shown, only sorbent 16 is arranged in the remote region 24b as bulk material or as a molded part, which can then absorb a corresponding amount of sorbate 18 and thereby has a particularly high heat storage capacity.

In a further variant, a different material is used as sorbate 16 in the different configurations, for example, a zeolite of the type SAP034 is used as the sorbent 16 for the direct coating 26, whereas as the sorbent 16 in the form of bulk a zeolite of the type 13X or NaY.

In Fig. 3, a variant of the heat exchanger 6 is shown, also in a cross-sectional view transversely to the longitudinal direction L Here too, the heat exchanger 6 is initially formed as a tube heat exchanger. However, its wall 8 goes in the radial direction R outwardly into a support structure 32, which is here porous and sponge-like and has a plurality of cavities 34, which are shown here only schematically as individual circles and actually in not shown here way and in particular due to their production, so that a preferably continuous network of pores and / or channels results, through which the sorbate can then flow during operation. The cavities 34 are also filled with sorbent 16, but in particular not completely and, for example, only internally provided with a direct coating 16. Such is for example, as described above, applied by means of a dip bath or by means of crystallization.

The carrier structure 32 itself is produced in FIG. 3 together with the wall 8 in an injection molding process, wherein the cavity within the wall 8 and the cavities 34 are produced by a sacrificial material which serves as a placeholder during the injection molding process, due to heating during injection molding and thereby forms the network of interconnected cavities 34. In an alternative, not shown, however, the support structure 32 is applied to a simple tube heat exchanger and attached to this suitable, for example, soldered. The use of a heat exchanger 6 with fins 22a, 22b is conceivable here.

The cavities 34 are preferably through a sacrificial material! manufactured in the form of a spherical bulk material, so that the cavities 34 are basically spherical or substantially spherical and each having a certain diameter D. As shown in FIG. 3, the cavities 34 are preferably formed by a suitable bed of sacrificial material of different diameter D. The formation of different diameters D is also preferred in a support structure 32, which is not manufactured in the manner described above, but for example by foaming or otherwise. Due to the different diameters D then creates a number of zones of different density of the support structure 32, which then have different properties. Thus, a particularly dense zone, with small cavities 34 characterized by a high thermal conductivity and a zone with large cavities 34 by a high heat storage capacity and good flow through. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the support structure is now designed such that its density, starting from the wall 8 and towards the outside, ie here in the radial direction R, decreases. Thereby, the substantially radial flow through the carrier structure with sorbate 18, ie in particular with water vapor, with a local flow cross section is possible, which is approximately proportional to the radially outwardly increasing local mass flow, which also increases radially outwardly and softer by the open to each other Cavities 34 is formed. This is a particularly effective, ie performance and energy density function of the adsorber realized. Furthermore, similar to Fig. 2 in Fig. 3 near the wall 8 a high dynamics in operation possible, while further out there is a high heat storage capacity.

FIG. 4 shows a further variant of the heat exchanger 6, in which the sorbent 16, together with a number of fibers 30, is compressed to form a composite body 36. In this case, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the combination molding body 36 is pressed directly onto the wall 8, but alternatively one or more combination molded parts 36 are first produced and then subsequently fastened to the wall 8.

Before the pressing, the sorbent 16, for example, as a powder and the fibers 30 are arranged in a suitable form and then the assembly is pressed to the combination molding 36. In order to enable an efficient penetration of sorbate 18 during operation, in addition, a number of channels 38 are introduced into the combination molding, for example, drilled. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, these extend in the radial direction R, but in principle, other courses are conceivable, in particular combi-shaped body 36, which are designed without channels 38, for example, flat comb-shaped body 36, which after pressing only a few millimeters, eg 0.5 to 3 mm, extend over the outer surface 20. By introducing the fibers 30 into the composite body 36 is both increases its mechanical strength in the manner of a fiber-reinforced material, as well as its thermal conductivity improved, in particular with fibers 30, which are made of a thermally conductive plastic or a metal, for example aluminum.

The embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 are also advantageously applicable analogously to other types of heat exchangers, for example plate heat exchangers, tube bundle heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers or microchannel heat exchangers,

, -

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2 adsorbers

4 housing

6 heat exchangers

8 wall

10 Anschiuss

12 Adsorberraum

14 supply line

16 sorbents

18 sorbate

20 outer surface

22a short lamella

22b long slat

24a first, near range

24b second, remote area

26 direct coating, coating

28 fiber bundles

30 fiber

32 carrier structure

34 cavity

36 Combined part

38 channel

D diameter

L longitudinal direction

R radial direction

Claims

claims

1, adsorber (2) for a vehicle, comprising a housing (4) in which a sorbent (16) is arranged for storing heat and for releasing stored heat, and having a heat exchanger (6) inside the housing (4) having a wall (8) enclosing a cavity for guiding a heating medium and having an outer surface (20) in contact with the sorbent (16) for exchanging heat.

2, Adsorber (2) according to the preceding claim,

characterized,

that the heat exchanger (6) is designed as a tube heat exchanger, with an inner diameter which is at most 10 mm, preferably at most 6 mm, or

that the heat exchanger (6) is designed as a tube bundle heat exchanger, with a plurality of tube heat exchangers, each having an inner diameter in the range of 1 to 6 mm, or

that the heat exchanger (6) is designed as a plate heat exchanger, with a plurality of lamellae (22a, 22b), wherein two adjacent lamellae (22a, 22b) are each spaced apart by at most 1 mm, or

that the heat exchanger (6) is designed as a microchannel heat exchanger.

3, adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the outer surface (20) of the heat exchanger (6) has a plurality of lamellae (22a, 22b), wherein two respectively adjacent lamellae (22a, 22b) are spaced apart by at most 2 mm.

4. adsorber (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the heat exchanger (6) has a longitudinal axis which extends in a longitudinal direction (L), and in that the outer surface (20) of the heat exchanger (6) has a number of lamellae (22a, 22b) extending from the wall (8 ) extend outwards and follow a complex course and in particular extend obliquely or perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (L),

5. Adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

the outer surface (20) of the heat exchanger (6) has a plurality of lamellae (22a, 22b) which extend outward from the wall (8) and follow a complex, in particular curved course.

6. Adsorber (2) according to one of claims 3 to 5,

characterized,

that between two adjacent lamellae (22a, 22b), a distance is formed, which is increased starting from the wall (8) to the outside.

7. Adsorber (2) according to one of claims 3 to 6,

characterized,

in that at least two different types of lamellae (22a, 22b) are formed which have different lengths starting from the outer surface (20) and towards the outside.

8. Adsorber (2) according to the preceding claim,

characterized, in that the lamellae (22a, 22b) of different types are arranged alternately on the wall (8).

9. Adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

the heat exchanger (6) has a particularly porous support structure (32) for the sorbent (16),

10. Adsorber (2) according to the preceding claim,

characterized,

in that the support structure (32) is formed integrally with the heat exchanger (6),

11. adsorber (2) according to claim 9 _»

characterized,

in that the carrier structure (32) is configured as a fiber bundle (28), with a plurality of fibers (30) which form a number of intermediate spaces in which the sorbent (16) is arranged.

12. adsorber (2) according to any one of claims 9 to 11,

characterized,

in that the carrier structure (32) has a porosity which, starting from the wall (8) and outwards, is changed, in particular increased.

13. Adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the sorbent (16) is pressed with the heat exchanger (6) or with a support structure (32) of the heat exchanger (6).

14. Adsorber (2) according to the preceding claim, characterized,

that in the compressed sorbent (16) a number of channels (38) is introduced, for the supply and removal of sorbate (18) in operation.

15. Adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the sorbent (16) is formed as bulk material and in the form of a bed, as a number of moldings or as a direct coating (26), in particular by means of crystallization.

16. Adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that together with the sorbent (16) a number of fibers (30) is arranged, which are connected together with the sorbent (16) to form a composite molding (36), in particular pressed.

17. Adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

the sorbent (16) is present in at least two different configurations selected from a group of configurations comprising: sorbent (16) as a bed, sorbent (16) as a direct coating (26), sorbent (16) as a molding, sorbent ( 16) on a support structure (32), sorbent (16) with support structure (32) as a combination molded part (36); Sorbent (16), which is pressed together with the heat exchanger (6).

18. Adsorber (2) according to the preceding claim,

characterized,

in that the sorbent (16) is formed as a direct coating (26) in a first, near region (24a) on the wall (8) and / or between a plurality of lamellae (22a, 22b) of the heat exchanger (6) and is arranged directly on the wall (8) and / or the lamellae (22a, 22b) and / or on a carrier structure (32), and

that in a second, remote area (24b) the sorbent (16) is arranged as a molded part and / or as bulk material and / or on a support structure (32) and / or that a fiber bundle (28) is arranged, which is in contact with the sorbent ( 16) is coated or pressed.

19. Adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that it is designed such that it is integrated in a component of the vehicle or a component of the vehicle is integrated in the adsorber (2),

20. Adsorber (2), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for a vehicle, with a housing (4) in which a sorbent (16) is arranged, and with a heat exchanger (6) which within the housing (4). is arranged, which has a wall (8) and which has an outer surface (20) which is in contact with the sorbent (16) and which has a plurality of fins (22a, 22b) extending from the wall (8) according to extend outside,

wherein at least two different types of Lameifen (22a, 22b) are formed, which are starting from the outer surface (12) and outwardly different lengths, and

wherein on the outer surface (20) of the heat exchanger (6) in a first, near region (24a), the sorbent (16) is formed as a direct coating (26) and in a second, remote region (24b), a fiber bundle (28) or a Carrier structure (32) is arranged, which or which is coated with sorbent (6).

21. adsorber (2), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for a vehicle, with a housing (4), in which a sorbent (16) is arranged, and with a heat exchanger (6), which within the housing (4) is arranged, which has a wall (8) and which has an outer surface (20), which is in contact with the sorbent (16),

wherein the heat exchanger (6) has a support structure (32) for the sorbate (18) which is formed integrally with the heat exchanger (6) and has a porosity which is increased starting from the wall (8) and towards the outside.

22. adsorber (2), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for a vehicle, with a housing (4), in which a sorbent (16) is arranged, and with a heat exchanger (6), which within the housing (4) is arranged, which has a wall (8) and which has an outer surface (20), which is in contact with the sorbent (16),

wherein the sorbent (16) is pressed with a fiber bundle (28) and the sorbent (16) is compressed with the fiber bundle (28) as a composite molding (38) with the heat exchanger (6), and wherein in the composite molding (38) Number of channels (38) is introduced, for the supply and removal of sorbate (8) in operation.

23. A process for producing an adsorber (2) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the housing (4), the heat exchanger (6), or the entire adsorber (2) is produced by means of a rapid prototyping method and as a rapid prototyping part, or

wherein the heat exchanger (6) is produced starting from a semifinished product, in particular an extruded profile, or wherein the heat exchanger (6) or the housing (4) or the entire adsorber (2) are produced by means of a casting or injection molding process,

24. Method according to the preceding method claim,

characterized,

that the heat exchanger (6) is produced by means of a casting or injection molding process, wherein at the same time a porous support structure (32) is formed, which is arranged on the wall (8) and adjoins the wall (8).

25. Method, in particular according to one of the two preceding method claims, for producing an adsorber (2) according to one of claims 1 to 22,

characterized,

in that a direct coating (26) from the sorbent (16) is applied to the heat exchanger (6),

by coating the heat exchanger (6) in a dip bath or by spraying with the sorbent (16), or

by coating the heat exchanger (6) by a crystallization of sorbent (16) on the outer surface (20).

26. Method according to one of the method claims 23 to 25,

characterized,

in that from the sorbent (16) and from a support structure (32), in particular a fiber bundle (28), a molded part is produced as a combination molded part (36) by providing the sorbent (16) in powder form and the support structure (32) in common is pressed with the sorbent (16).

27. Method according to the preceding method claim,

characterized, in that the carrier structure (32) is formed as a fiber bundle (28) of a number of fibers (30), which are first inserted into the sorbent (16) and subsequently pressed therewith.

28. Method according to one of the method claims 23 to 25,

characterized,

that a direct coating (26) is applied to the heat exchanger (6), in particular by crystallization, subsequently arranged additional sorbent (16) and then the additional sorbent (16) is materially bonded to the direct coating (26) by the direct coating (26) and the additional sorbent (16) is subjected to crystallization or immersed in a dipping bath or further sorbent (16) is applied, in particular sprayed on.

29. Method, in particular according to one of the method claims 23 to 28, for producing an adsorber (2) according to one of claims 1 to 22,

characterized,

that additional sorbent (16) in the form of a bed or as a molded part or as a combination molded part (36) is arranged on the heat exchanger (6) and then the additional sorbent (16) is materially bonded to the heat exchanger (6) by the heat exchanger (6) and the additional sorbent (16) are subjected to a crystallization or are immersed in a dipping bath or further sorbent (16) is sprayed or applied.

30. Vehicle with an adsorption plant, which has an adsorber (2) according to one of claims 1 to 22.