WO2017063876A1 - Collecteur de courant sans soudure pour élément de batterie - Google Patents

Collecteur de courant sans soudure pour élément de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017063876A1
WO2017063876A1 PCT/EP2016/073056 EP2016073056W WO2017063876A1 WO 2017063876 A1 WO2017063876 A1 WO 2017063876A1 EP 2016073056 W EP2016073056 W EP 2016073056W WO 2017063876 A1 WO2017063876 A1 WO 2017063876A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current collector
cell
electrode plates
cell housing
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/073056
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Schoenherr
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2017063876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017063876A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery cell that includes a stacked or rolled
  • electrode plates and a current collector disposed in the battery cell that forms an electrical connection with the electrode plates via a weld-free pressure contact.
  • Battery packs provide power for various technologies ranging from portable electronics to renewable power systems and environmentally friendly vehicles.
  • hybrid electric vehicles use a battery pack and an electric motor in conjunction with a combustion engine to increase fuel efficiency.
  • Battery packs are formed of a plurality of battery modules, where each battery module includes several electrochemical cells. The cells are arranged in two or three dimensional arrays and are electrically connected in series or in parallel. Likewise, the battery modules within a battery pack are electrically connected in series or in parallel.
  • each cell includes a cell housing and an electrode assembly disposed in the cell housing.
  • the electrode assembly includes a series of stacked or rolled positive electrode plates that alternate with negative electrode plates and are separated by an intermediate separator plates.
  • Each cell may include a first current collector that is electrically connected via welding to the positive electrode plates and joins the positive electrode plates to a positive cell terminal disposed outside the cell housing, and a second current collector that is electrically connected via welding to the negative electrode plates and joins the negative electrode plates to a negative cell terminal disposed outside the cell housing. Due to the large number of electrode plates that form the electrode assembly (on the order of tens or hundreds of plates) and the very small plate thickness (on the order of 0.1 mm), welding the plates to the current collector is a challenging and labor intensive process.
  • a pouch cell includes an electrode assembly that is sealed within a pouch-type, metal laminated film cell housing along with an electrolyte to form a power generation and storage unit.
  • the electrode assembly is a "stacked" electrode assembly that includes a series of stacked positive electrode plates alternating with negative electrode plates and separated by an intermediate separator plates.
  • the pouch cell includes current collectors that form an electrical connection with the electrode plates via a weld-free pressure contact.
  • each current collector is pressed against the electrode stack via a force that is internal or external to the cell. The force provides a pressure contact electrical connection between the current collector and certain electrode plates (e.g., electrode plates having a common electric polarity).
  • the current collector allows passage of current generated in the electrode assembly to pass through the current collector and out of the cell.
  • Fig. 1 a partially exploded perspective view of a battery pack including an array of pouch cells.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a pouch cell.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of the pouch cell of Fig. 2 as seen across line 3— 3 of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an electrode pair including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and separator plates alternating with the positive and negative electrode plates.
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the pouch cell of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the pouch cell of Fig. 2 with the cell housing and terminals omitted.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial cross sectional view of the pouch cell of Fig. 2 as seen along line 7— 7 of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the pouch cell of Fig. 2 with cell housing omitted and the terminals shown in an unfolded configuration.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial cross sectional view of a pouch cell including an alternative electrode plate configuration as seen along line 7— 7 of Fig. 6, with the negative electrode plates and separator plates omitted.
  • Fig. 10 is a fully exploded perspective view of an alternative battery pack.
  • a battery pack 1 used to provide electrical power includes electrochemical cells 20 that are electrically interconnected and stored in an organized manner within a battery pack housing 2.
  • the battery pack housing 2 includes a container portion 3 and a detachable lid 4.
  • the cells 20 are lithium-ion pouch cells that include an electrode assembly 60 (Figs. 3 and 4) that is sealed within a cell housing 21 along with an electrolyte to form a power generation and storage unit.
  • groups of cells 20 may be bundled together to form battery modules (not shown), which in turn are stored within the battery pack housing 2.
  • the cells 20 are not bundled into modules and instead are directly electrically connected to battery pack housing terminals 6, 7.
  • the cells 20 are electrically connected in series or in parallel.
  • Each cell 20 includes a pouch-type cell housing 21 that is an assembly of two box shaped portions 36, 38 formed of a metal laminated film.
  • the cell housing 21 has a rectangular shape.
  • the cell housing 21 is cube shaped, and includes six orthogonal surfaces. The surfaces include a first end 22, a second end 23 that is opposed to the first end 22, a first side 24, a second side 25 adjoining the first side 24, a third side 26 adjoining the second side 25 and being opposed to the first side 24, and a fourth side 27 adjoining the third side 26 and the first side 24, the fourth side 27 being opposed to the second side 25.
  • Each of the first side 24, the second side 25, the third side 26 and the fourth side 27 extend between the first end 22 and the second end 23, and the six surfaces together define a sealed interior space occupied by the electrode assembly 60.
  • the electrode assembly 60 disposed in the cell 20 includes a series of stacked positive electrode plates 61 alternating with negative electrode plates 62 and separated by intermediate separator plates 30, 32.
  • the separator plates 30, 32 are non- electrically conductive.
  • the series of stacked electrode and separator plates will be referred to herein as the "plate stack” 64, and a stack axis 66 of the plate stack 64 extends through a center of the plate stack 64 in a direction parallel to the stacking direction.
  • the electrode plates 60, 61 are very thin (e.g., having a thickness on the order of about 0.095 to 0.145 mm) compared to the overall cell thickness (e.g. having a thickness on the order of tens or hundreds of mm) and thus are illustrated schematically in Fig. 3.
  • the positive electrode plates 61, the negative electrode plates 62 and the separator plates 30, 32 that form the electrode assembly 60 are arranged in a layered or stacked configuration in the stacking direction.
  • the separator plates 30, 32 are stacked along the stack axis 66 such that peripheral edges of all the separator plates 30, 32 of the stack 64 are aligned in a direction parallel to the direction of the stack axis 66.
  • the positive and negative electrode plates 61 , 62 are partially offset in a direction transverse to the stack axis (i.e., a length direction) relative to the respective separator plates 30, 32.
  • the positive electrode plates 61 are stacked along the stack axis 66 such that peripheral edges of the positive electrode plates 61 are aligned with each other in a direction parallel to the direction of the stack axis 66 but are partially offset relative to the separator plates 30, 32 in a first direction parallel to the length direction.
  • the first direction is represented in Fig. 4 by arrow 34.
  • one edge 61a of each of the positive electrode plates 61 extends beyond a corresponding edge 30a, 32a of the separator plates 30, 32 resulting in a positive "clear lane” 63 of exposed conductive material.
  • the positive clear lane 63 is used to form an electrical contact with a positive current collector 50, as discussed further below.
  • the negative electrode plates 62 are stacked along the stack axis 66 such that peripheral edges of the negative electrode plates 62 are aligned with each other in a direction parallel to the direction of the stack axis 66 but are partially offset relative to the separator plates 30, 32, in a second direction, where the second direction is parallel to the length direction and opposed to that of the first direction.
  • the second direction is represented in Fig. 4 by arrow 35.
  • one edge 62b of each of the negative electrode plates 62 extends beyond a corresponding edge 30b, 32b of the separator plates 30, 32 resulting in a negative "clear lane" 65 of exposed conductive material.
  • the negative clear lane 65 is used to form an electrical contact with a negative current collector 54, as discussed further below.
  • each cell 20 may optionally include an elastic restraint 40 used to maintain the plates 60, 61 of the plate stack 64 in the above-described alignment and in the stacked configuration, and to apply a compressive force in a direction parallel to the stack axis 66.
  • the restraint 40 has a first U-shaped end cap 41 and a second U-shaped end cap 42 that enclose opposed ends of the plate stack 64.
  • the elastic restraint includes a pair of elastic bands 43, 43 joining the first end cap 41 to the second end cap 42.
  • each cell 20 also includes a pair of current collectors 50, 54 that form a weld-free electrical connection with the plates 60, 61 of the plate stack 64.
  • the first and second current collectors 50, 54 are each in the form of an electrically conductive plate having a first side 51, a second side 52 opposed to the first side 51 , and a peripheral edge 53 that extends transversely between, and connects, the first side 51 to the second side 52.
  • the peripheral edge 53 defines a rectangular shape to correspond to the rectangular shape of a side of the electrode stack 64.
  • Each current collector 50, 54 is disposed adjacent a side of the electrode stack 64 such that the second side 52 of each current collector 50, 54 faces the electrode stack 64, and the first side 51 of each current collector 50, 54 faces a side of the cell housing 21.
  • the first current collector 50 is disposed adjacent the side of the electrode stack 64 corresponding to the positive clear lanes 63
  • the second current collector 54 is disposed on the opposed side of the electrode stack 64 so as to be adjacent the side of the electrode stack 64 corresponding to the negative clear lanes 65.
  • the first current collector 50 is disposed between the positive "clear lane" 63 of the positive electrode plates 61 and one side, e.g., the first side 24, of the cell housing 21.
  • the second current collector 54 is disposed between the negative clear lane 65 of the negative electrode plates 62 and the opposed side, e.g., the third side 26, of the cell housing 21.
  • the first current collector 50 is electrically connected via direct contact to a peripheral edge 66 of the positive electrode plates 61 and joins the positive electrode plates 61 to a positive cell terminal 80 disposed outside the cell housing 21.
  • the second current collector 54 is electrically connected via direct contact under a compressive force to the negative electrode plates 62 and joins the negative electrode plates 62 to a negative cell terminal 90 disposed outside the cell housing 21.
  • the first and second current collectors 50, 54 form an electrical connection with the electrode plates 61, 62 via a weld- free pressure contact.
  • the direct contact between each current collector 50, 54 and the corresponding electrode plates 61 , 62 is achieved and/or ensured by applying a force to each current collector 50, 52. For example, each current collector 50, 54 is pressed against the electrode stack via a force that is internal to the cell.
  • the force represented by an arrow in Fig 7, is directed perpendicular to the first face 51 and provides a pressure contact electrical connection between the current collector second side 52 and a peripheral edge 66 of certain electrode plates of the electrode stack 64 (e.g., electrode plates having a common electric polarity).
  • the force that urges the current collector 50, 52 against the electrode stack 64 is achieved by providing an elastic member such as a wave spring 13 (Fig. 5) between one or both current collectors 50, 52 and the adjacent cell housing side 24, 26.
  • Each current collector 50, 54 allows passage of current generated in the electrode assembly 60 to pass through the current collector and out of the cell 20. To this end, each current collector 50, 54 is electrically connected to a terminal disposed on the outside of the cell housing 21.
  • each current collector 50, 54 includes a terminal 80, 90 that protrudes from a portion of the current collector peripheral edge 53. The first terminal 80 protrudes from the peripheral edge
  • each of the first and second terminals 80, 90 is folded over so as to overlie an outer surface of the cell housing (Fig. 2).
  • the first current collector 50 and the first terminal 80 are formed of, or plated with, a first electrically conductive material that corresponds to the material used to form the positive electrode plates 61 , such as aluminum.
  • the second current collector is formed of, or plated with, a first electrically conductive material that corresponds to the material used to form the positive electrode plates 61 , such as aluminum.
  • the second terminal 90 are formed of, or plated with, a second electrically conductive material that corresponds to the material used to form the negative electrode plates 62, such as copper.
  • the first terminal 80 of one cell 20 contacts and forms an electrical connection with the second terminal (e.g., the negative terminal) 90 of an adjacent cell 20
  • the first terminal 80 and the second terminal 90 may be formed of, or plated with the same material.
  • the first current collector 50, the first terminal 80 and the second terminal 90 are formed of or plated with the first material
  • the second current collector is formed of or plated with the second material.
  • the first current collector 50 is formed of, or plated with, the first material
  • the second current collector is formed of, or plated with, the second material
  • the first and second terminals 80, 90 are formed of, or plated with, a third electrically conductive material.
  • the clear lane 63 of each positive electrode plate 6 ⁇ may be folded against a side of the plate stack 64.
  • the clear lane 65 of each negative electrode plate 62' may be folded against the opposed side of the plate stack 64 (not shown). Due to the relative spacing of the electrode plates 61 , 62 along the stack axis 66, the folded clear lanes 63, 65 form an overlapping louvered configuration in which portions of each clear lane 63, 65 is exposed and faces the second surface 52 of the respective current collector 50, 54.
  • the current collector second face 52 directly contacts the clear lane 63, 65 of each electrode plate 61, 62 and forms an electrical connection therewith.
  • the direct contact between each current collector 50, 54 and the corresponding electrode plates 61 , 62 is achieved and/or ensured by providing a force that is generated within each cell housing 21.
  • the force that provides the direct contact between each current collector 50, 54 and the corresponding electrode plates 61 , 62 is not limited to being generated internally to each cell 20.
  • the force that provides the direct contact between each current collector 50, 54 and the corresponding electrode plates 61 , 62 may be generated externally with respect to the cell housing 20.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an alternative battery system 100 including an array of cells 20' arranged in rows Rl , R2, R3, R4 and columns CI , C2, C3, C4, C5 within the battery pack housing 2.
  • the cells 20' are assembled without including the elastic member 13 within the cell housing.
  • the electrical connection between the current collectors 50, 54 and the corresponding electrode plates 61 , 62 is generate and/or assured by urging the cells 20' of a row together and the cells 20' of a column together.
  • a compression force along the cell rows is achieved by providing an elastic member 13 between the cells 20 of the row and the sidewall 3a of the container portion 3 of the battery pack housing 2.
  • an elastic member such as the wave spring 13 can be disposed at one or both ends of each row Rl , R2, R3, R4 to ensure an electrical connection between each current collector 50, 54 and the corresponding electrode plates 61, 62 of the cells 20' of the row.
  • a wave spring 13 can be disposed at one or both ends of each column CI, C2, C3, C4, C5 to ensure an electrical connection between each current collector 50, 54 and the
  • the elastic member 13 may alternatively be disposed between adjacent cells 20' along the rows and columns to ensure that the cell housing 21 of each cell 20' urges the current collectors 50, 54 into an electrical contact with the corresponding electrode plates 61, 62 of the plate stack 64.
  • the cell housing 21 is described herein as being a pouch cell housing formed of a metal laminated film, the cell housing 21 is not limited to this material or configuration.
  • the cell housing 21 may be formed of other materials and/or may be formed having a prismatic, cylindrical or other configuration.
  • the electrode assembly 60 is described herein as being a "stacked" electrode assembly that includes a series of stacked plates 61 , 62, the electrode assembly 60 is not limited to this configuration.
  • the electrode assembly 60 may include a rolled electrode assembly (e.g., a jelly roll assembly), a folded electrode assembly (i.e., a Z-fold assembly), or other electrode arrangement.
  • the cell 20 has a cube-shaped cell housing 21, the cell housing 21 is not limited to a cube shape.
  • the cell housing 21 may be rectangular in shape (Fig. 4).
  • the cell housing 21 may have other polygonal shapes that permit close packing such as an eight surface structure having hexagonally arranged sides (not shown).
  • the cells 20 are not limited to being a lithium-ion battery.
  • the cells 20 may be aluminum-ion, alkaline, nickel-cadmium, nickel metal hydride, or other type of cell.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

Une cellule en forme de poche comprend un logement de cellule généralement rectangulaire constitué d'un film stratifié métallique, un ensemble électrode qui est scellé à l'intérieur du logement de cellule, et un collecteur de courant disposé dans le logement de cellule. L'ensemble électrode comprend un agencement empilé d'électrodes planes positive et négative. Le collecteur de courant forme une connexion électrique avec les électrodes planes par l'intermédiaire d'un contact de pression sans soudure.
PCT/EP2016/073056 2015-10-16 2016-09-28 Collecteur de courant sans soudure pour élément de batterie WO2017063876A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562242361P 2015-10-16 2015-10-16
US62/242,361 2015-10-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017063876A1 true WO2017063876A1 (fr) 2017-04-20

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2016/073056 WO2017063876A1 (fr) 2015-10-16 2016-09-28 Collecteur de courant sans soudure pour élément de batterie

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12000365B2 (en) * 2017-03-16 2024-06-04 ELIIY Power Co., Ltd Sealed battery, battery pack and battery for engine ignition

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1089364A1 (fr) * 1999-09-28 2001-04-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procédé de soudage des collecteurs aux bouts des plaques d'électrode
DE10237293A1 (de) * 2002-08-14 2004-03-11 Gaia Akkumulatorenwerke Gmbh Elektroden-Ableiter-Abschnitt und Verfahren zur Kontaktierung von mehreren Elektroden
EP1601034A2 (fr) * 2004-05-28 2005-11-30 M&G Eco Battery Institute Co. Ltd. Générateur électrochimique secondaire

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1089364A1 (fr) * 1999-09-28 2001-04-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procédé de soudage des collecteurs aux bouts des plaques d'électrode
DE10237293A1 (de) * 2002-08-14 2004-03-11 Gaia Akkumulatorenwerke Gmbh Elektroden-Ableiter-Abschnitt und Verfahren zur Kontaktierung von mehreren Elektroden
EP1601034A2 (fr) * 2004-05-28 2005-11-30 M&G Eco Battery Institute Co. Ltd. Générateur électrochimique secondaire

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12000365B2 (en) * 2017-03-16 2024-06-04 ELIIY Power Co., Ltd Sealed battery, battery pack and battery for engine ignition

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