WO2017063175A1 - 一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法及系统 - Google Patents
一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/87—Investigating jewels
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of jewelry identification, and in particular relates to a jewelry quality identification method and system based on multi-spectral analysis.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a jewelry quality identification method and system based on multi-spectral analysis, which realizes simple, efficient and practical quality identification of different types of jewelry raw materials and commodities.
- the invention provides a jewelry quality identification method based on multi-spectral analysis, the method comprising the following steps:
- Step a performing omnidirectional scanning on the measured object through a multi-spectral scanning system to obtain spectral information of the measured object;
- Step b analyzing the material composition of the measured object, the proportion and size of each component, the position of each component material in the measured object according to the spectral information, and performing quality identification according to the obtained information of the measured object.
- the method further includes the step c of generating a three-dimensional solid perspective image by using digital image technology according to the information of the measured object obtained in step b.
- the three-dimensional solid perspective image is reproduced on a computer screen using a virtual reality modeling language restore.
- the multi-spectral scanning system includes two multi-spectral spectrum generators for reflection, one multi-spectral spectrum generator for transmission, one multi-spectral spectrum sensor, a ring rotating bracket, a sample tray, a horizontal track of the tray, and a shield. darkroom;
- the two reflection multi-spectral spectrum generators, one transmission multi-spectral spectrum generator, and one multi-spectral spectrum sensor are mounted on the ring rotating bracket, wherein two reflection multi-spectral generators are respectively installed in the ring
- the multi-spectral sensor is symmetrically distributed on both sides, and the multi-spectral generator for transmission is different from the position of the multi-spectral sensor by 180 degrees;
- the circular rotating bracket is vertically placed, and the vertical axis thereof passes through the ring Rotating the center of the bracket and rotating the straight line of the plane of the circular rotating bracket;
- the horizontal rail of the tray comprises two rails, and the two rails are disposed along a vertical axis direction of the ring rotating bracket and horizontally distributed;
- the measuring tray is placed on the horizontal track of the tray, and the object to be tested is placed on the object tray and located at the center of the ring rotating bracket; the above devices are placed in the shielding dark room;
- the scanning method of the multi-spectral scanning system is specifically:
- Step A two reflection multi-spectral generators and one transmission multi-spectral generator respectively emit waves, and the multi-spectral sensors receive reflected waves and transmitted waves, and obtain corresponding spectral information on the multi-spectral sensor;
- step B rotate the ring rotating bracket clockwise or counterclockwise to a certain angle, and repeat step A until the ring rotating bracket completes 360 degrees of rotation to complete the complete scanning of the object to be tested.
- the scanning method of the multi-spectral scanning system further includes a step C, if the size of the object to be tested along the vertical axis of the circular rotating bracket exceeds a scannable width, the object tray is placed along the tray The horizontal track moves once to scan the width of the width, and step B is repeated until the full scan of the measured object is completed.
- the shielding darkroom is made of a metal material that can isolate electromagnetic waves generated by an environmental wave and a multi-spectral scanning system.
- the multi-spectral spectrum generator includes one of an acoustic wave generator, an electric wave generator, a light wave generator, and an X-ray generator;
- the multi-spectral sensor includes an acoustic wave sensor, an electric wave sensor, a light wave sensor, One of the X-ray sensors; when the multi-spectral generator selects one of the above, the multi-spectral sensor selects one corresponding to the multi-spectral generator.
- the multi-spectral sensor comprises a lens or a detector, a CCD sensing device or a CMOS sensing device, and the lens or detector is used for slit diffraction and grating processing on the received reflected wave and the transmitted wave;
- a device or CMOS sensing device is used to obtain corresponding reflected spectral information and transmitted spectral information.
- the invention also provides a jewelry quality identification system based on multi-spectral analysis, the system comprising:
- a multi-spectral scanning system for performing omnidirectional multi-spectral scanning of the measured object to obtain spectral information of the measured object
- the spectrum analysis module is configured to analyze the material composition of the measured object, the proportion and size of each component, the position of each component in the measured object according to the spectral information, and perform quality identification according to the obtained information of the measured object.
- system further includes a three-dimensional solid perspective imaging module for generating a three-dimensional solid perspective image using digital image technology according to the information of the measured object obtained by the spectral analysis module.
- the three-dimensional solid perspective image is reproduced on a computer screen using a virtual reality modeling language restore.
- the multi-spectral scanning system includes two multi-spectral spectrum generators for reflection, one multi-spectral spectrum generator for transmission, one multi-spectral spectrum sensor, a ring rotating bracket, a sample tray, a horizontal track of the tray, and a shield. darkroom;
- the two reflection multi-spectral spectrum generators, one transmission multi-spectral spectrum generator, and one multi-spectral spectrum sensor are mounted on the ring rotating bracket, wherein two reflection multi-spectral generators are respectively installed in the ring
- the multi-spectral sensor is symmetrically distributed on both sides, and the multi-spectral generator for transmission is different from the position of the multi-spectral sensor by 180 degrees;
- the circular rotating bracket is vertically placed, and the vertical axis thereof passes through the ring Rotating the center of the bracket and rotating the straight line of the plane of the circular rotating bracket;
- the horizontal rail of the tray comprises two rails, and the two rails are disposed along a vertical axis direction of the ring rotating bracket and horizontally distributed;
- the measuring tray is placed on the horizontal track of the tray, and the object to be tested is placed on the object tray and located at the center of the ring rotating bracket; the above devices are placed in the shielding dark room;
- the two reflection multi-spectral spectrum generators emit reflected waves
- the one transmission multi-spectral spectrum generator emits a transmission wave
- the multi-spectral spectrum sensor receives the reflected wave and the transmitted wave, and obtains corresponding signals on the multi-spectral sensor.
- the ring rotating bracket can rotate 360 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise;
- the object tray can be moved along the horizontal track of the tray.
- the shielding darkroom is made of a metal material that can isolate electromagnetic waves generated by an environmental wave and a multi-spectral scanning system.
- the multi-spectral spectrum generator includes one of an acoustic wave generator, an electric wave generator, a light wave generator, and an X-ray generator;
- the multi-spectral sensor includes an acoustic wave sensor, an electric wave sensor, a light wave sensor, One of the X-ray sensors; when the multi-spectral generator selects one of the above, the multi-spectral sensor selects one corresponding to the multi-spectral generator.
- the multi-spectral sensor comprises a lens or a detector, a CCD sensing device or a CMOS sensing device, and the lens or detector is used for slit diffraction and grating processing on the received reflected wave and the transmitted wave;
- a device or CMOS sensing device is used to obtain corresponding reflected spectral information and transmitted spectral information.
- the present invention has the beneficial effects that the present invention provides a method and system for jewellery quality identification based on multi-spectral analysis, and after completing all reflection and transmission scanning, obtaining jewelry components and internal structures through multi-spectral scanning analysis.
- Information and provide a complete and accurate analysis of the proportion and location of the different ingredients in the jewelry or raw materials.
- the method has wide practicality and high accuracy, and can improve the identification efficiency of jewelry.
- digital image technology can be used to generate a three-dimensional solid perspective image, which is reproduced on the computer screen by digital software and VRML technology, so that the three-dimensional internal image of the jewelry can be rotated freely under the manipulation of the mouse. , zoom in and out; can appreciate the overall effect from different angles, but also can observe local details from any angle.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a jewelry quality identification method based on multi-spectral analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-spectral scanning system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a multi-spectral scanning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a jewelry quality identification system based on multi-spectral analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the main realization idea of the invention is: based on the reflection and transmission characteristics of different waves on different waves, using multi-spectral scanning technology to achieve complete scanning of the penetration of the tested jewelry; analyzing the material composition of the measured object according to the spectral information obtained by scanning The composition, the proportion and size of each component, the position of each component in the test object, and provide a complete quantitative analysis report, and determine the category and grade of the finished jewelry and raw materials according to the evaluation criteria of the corresponding jewelry, thereby achieving The quality of the jewelry is further identified; further, the three-dimensional solid perspective image can be generated by digital image technology according to the obtained information of the measured object, and the three-dimensional solid perspective image can also be used for consumer appreciation or artist re-creation design.
- the jewelry quality identification method based on multi-spectral analysis is specifically described below. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
- Step a performing omnidirectional scanning on the measured object through a multi-spectral scanning system to obtain spectral information of the measured object;
- Step b according to the spectral information and based on the reflection and transmission characteristics of different substances on different waves, analyzing the material composition of the measured object, the proportion and size of each component, and the position of each component in the measured object, and obtaining according to The information of the measured object is quality certified.
- the method further includes the step c of generating a three-dimensional solid perspective image using digital image technology based on the information of the measured object obtained in step b.
- the three-dimensional solid perspective image is reproduced on a computer screen by using a virtual reality modeling language, and the operator can scroll, zoom in, or zoom out by the mouse to realize analysis and appreciation of the measured object.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-spectral scanning system including a multi-spectral sensor 1, two multi-spectral generators for reflection, one multi-spectral generator for transmission, and a circle. a ring rotating bracket 4, a sample tray 5, a tray horizontal track 6 and a shielded dark room (not shown);
- the circular rotating bracket 4 is a vertically mounted annular bracket that can rotate 360 degrees, and its vertical axis is a straight line passing through the center of the circular rotating bracket 4 and perpendicular to the plane of the circular rotating bracket 4; a reflection multi-spectral generator 2, a transmission multi-spectral generator 3, and a multi-spectral sensor 1 are mounted on the ring rotating bracket 4, wherein the two reflection multi-spectral generators 2 are respectively mounted.
- the tray horizontal track 6 includes two tracks, which are disposed along a vertical axis direction of the ring rotating bracket 4 and horizontally distributed; the object tray 5 is placed in the The tray horizontal rail 6 is slidable along the tray horizontal rail 6, and the object to be tested is placed on the object tray 5, and the object to be tested is substantially at the center of the ring rotating bracket 4.
- the above devices are all placed in the shielded darkroom 7, 8 is a shielded door of the shielded darkroom, and the shielded darkroom 7 is made of a metal material having a higher density, which can reduce the environmental wave pair test.
- the effect of the effect can also avoid the environmental impact of electromagnetic waves on external radiation.
- the material of the sample tray 5 has a small transmission loss in the test band, and a material different from the spectral transparency of the object to be tested can be selected.
- a material different from the spectral transparency of the object to be tested can be selected.
- glass is substantially transparent in the visible range.
- the scanning method of the multi-spectral scanning system is specifically:
- Step A two reflection multi-spectral generators 2 and one transmission multi-spectral generator 3 respectively emit waves, and the multi-spectral sensor 1 receives reflected waves and transmitted waves, and obtains one on the multi-spectral sensor 1 Spectral information of the strip area;
- step B rotate the ring rotating bracket clockwise or counterclockwise to a certain angle, and repeat step A until the ring rotating bracket 4 completes 360 degrees of rotation to complete the complete scanning of the object to be tested.
- a 360 degree rotation scan can complete the complete scan of the object; however, if the measured object is more than one dimension along the vertical axis of the circular rotating bracket 4, the scan can be performed. Width, then after step B, move the object tray along the tray horizontal track 6 by a distance (the distance that can be moved once scanable width), continue to scan according to steps A and B, until the pair is completed All longitudinal scans of the object.
- the multi-spectral spectrum generator is composed of two reflection multi-spectral generators 2 and one transmission multi-spectral generator 3. It can be sound wave (including infrasound, sound wave, ultrasonic) generator, electric wave (including low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency, microwave) generator, light wave (including infrared, visible light and ultraviolet) generator, X-ray generator, etc.;
- the multi-spectral generator of the band can generate waves of a certain wavelength range.
- a metal halide lamp can generate a wavelength of 300-2000 nm
- an ultrasonic generator can generate different waves of 40 KHz or less.
- the multi-spectral sensor 1 refers to the corresponding acoustic wave (including sub-sonic, acoustic, ultrasonic) sensors, electric wave (including low-frequency, high-frequency, ultra-high frequency, microwave) sensors, and light waves (including infrared, visible, and ultraviolet). , X-ray sensor, etc.; multi-spectral sensor 1 of each band can sense waves of a certain wavelength range, such as visible light multi-spectral sensor can sense 400-710nm wavelength, 5nm is the resolution of all spectral characteristics.
- the multi-spectral sensor 1 is composed of a lens (or detector), a CCD sensing device or a CMOS sensing device, and the lens is responsible for performing slit diffraction and raster processing on the received information, so that the sensing device can obtain a long pixel region, each A little transmission spectrum information and reflection spectrum information.
- the multi-spectral scanning system can select different multi-wave generators and corresponding multi-spectral sensors according to the characteristics of the tested main materials.
- the main material type is unknown in advance
- a variety of test schemes can be prepared, and a plurality of spectrum generators and corresponding spectrum sensors are selected for testing until an effective analysis data of all materials is obtained; when the multi-spectral generator is selected
- the type of the selected multi-spectral sensor 1 should correspond to the type of the multi-spectral generator.
- the material composition of the test object, the proportion and size of each component, and the position of each component material in the object to be tested are analyzed according to the spectral information; and different substances in the jewelry or raw materials may be The ratio and position provide a complete and accurate analysis report, and at the same time, according to the evaluation criteria, the category and grade of the tested jewelry are determined, thereby realizing the quality identification of the tested object.
- the three-dimensional solid perspective imaging is to form a complete three-dimensional solid perspective image through the correlation algorithm and digital image technology. Realize the reproduction on the computer screen with digital software and VRML technology.
- the three-dimensional internal image of the jewelry can be arbitrarily rotated, enlarged and reduced under the manipulation of the mouse; In this way, the overall effect can be appreciated from different angles, and local details can be observed from any angle; the artist can recreate the design and can also be used for consumers to appreciate and purchase.
- the invention also provides a jewelry quality identification system based on multi-spectral analysis, as shown in FIG. 4, the system comprises:
- the multi-spectral scanning system 10 is configured to perform omnidirectional multi-spectral scanning on the measured object to obtain spectral information of the measured object;
- the spectrum analysis module 20 is configured to analyze, according to the spectrum information, a material composition component, a ratio and size of each component, a position of each component material in the object to be tested, and perform quality identification according to the obtained information of the measured object. .
- the three-dimensional solid perspective imaging module 30 is configured to generate a three-dimensional solid perspective image by using digital image technology according to the information of the measured object obtained by the spectrum analysis module 20.
- Jade is not awkward, not a device
- the art of the jade stone after the carving is extremely high; but the current process of making jade artwork has material selection, material opening, use positioning and design. Since the characteristics of jade raw materials are closely related to the processing and shaping, it is necessary for experienced masters to select materials to ensure the value of raw materials for the production of raw materials. Jade excavation is the key link in the processing technology of jade stone. There are some gamblers who are concerned about the situation. Going down, it is possible to cut off the emerald part of the jade, so that the jadeite that can be opened can't make a complete engraving art, and reduce the value that jade would have.
- jadeite needs to combine the internal features of jade to make a similar jadeite. Cabbage" works with leaves and green stems.
- the above description of the production of jade crafts can be found to have serious deficiencies: it is very difficult to select and open the jade. Because it is difficult to know the characteristics of the jade raw materials, the artist's positioning and design of the jade original stone only takes time to change the safety of jade, but there are still cases of unsatisfactory processing.
- the jade original stone is placed on the tray as a test object and placed in a multi-spectral detector. According to the physical characteristics of jade, choose the appropriate multi-spectral generator and multi-spectral sensor.
- the multi-spectral spectrum generator and the multi-spectral sensor are rotated 360 degrees with the ring rotating bracket, and the transmitted and reflected images and spectrum information are acquired every corresponding angle (for example, 10 degrees) according to the accuracy of the measured.
- the object tray is moved along the horizontal track of the tray by a distance (the distance that the movable multi-spectral sensor can scan the width at a time), A 360 degree scan is performed until all scans are completed.
- the spectrum analysis module analyzes all the spectral information of the jade original stone according to all the information obtained by the scanning, and generates an analysis report; and the three-dimensional solid perspective imaging module calculates and generates a three-dimensional solid perspective image of the jadeite of the measured object, and the internal characteristics of the jade raw material are completely reflected.
- On the three-dimensional solid perspective including jade main material and impurity distribution, color feature distribution and so on.
- the artist can first conceive the three-dimensional map with the internal feature distribution of the jade, and then process the jade material. This solves the risk of the material selection for jade raw materials, and also saves the artist's uncertainty about jade design. Therefore, through this method, the artist can improve the utilization rate of jade raw materials, and at the same time improve the creation efficiency of jade artwork.
- the raw jewels obtained from mining have passed through the long-term glory of nature, and many surfaces have a layer of covering.
- the judgment of the internal texture requires rich experience. Even experienced jewellery experts have judged when they leave, the so-called “one knife is poor, one knife is rich.” ".
- the unprocessed jade stone is called “wool”, in the jade trading market, the wool is also called “stone”. The whole is covered by the skin, not cut open, and the window is not opened (also called the door).
- the jade wool is called “gambling stone” or “gambling goods”.
- the outer surface of the gambling stone is wrapped in a thin or thick original stone skin. Different gambling stones have different colors, such as red, yellow, white and black, as well as mixed colors.
- gambling stones are like gambling, gambling wins, earning ten times a hundred times, becoming a rich man overnight; gambling, everything loses.
- test schemes can be prepared without prior knowledge of the main material types, and multiple spectra can be selected for testing.
- the acoustic wave, the electric wave and the light wave generator and the corresponding multi-spectral sensor are respectively selected for testing until an effective analysis data of all materials (ie, the proportion and position division of various materials) is generated and a three-dimensional solid perspective is generated. image.
- the sonic generator and the sensor are selected, and the original stone to be tested is placed on the tray as a measured object, and placed in a multi-spectral detection system.
- the multi-spectral sensor, the reflected wave generator and the transmitted wave generator are rotated 360 degrees with the ring rotating bracket, and the transmitted and reflected images and spectral information are acquired every corresponding angle (such as 10 degrees) according to the accuracy requirements of the measured. .
- the object tray is moved along the horizontal track of the tray by a distance (the distance of the movable multi-spectral sensor can be scanned once) Then perform a 360-degree scan until all scans are completed.
- the jewellery material spectrum analysis module analyzes all the spectrum information of the jewel rough according to the information obtained by the scanning, and generates an analysis report. If the analysis report does not fully describe all the material characteristics, it can be replaced with a wave generator and sensor, a light wave generator and a sensor. Until you get a complete material analysis (80%-99% or even 99.99% according to customer needs).
- a three-dimensional solid perspective image of the measured object is then calculated and generated by the three-dimensional perspective imaging module.
- the internal features of the original jewels are fully reflected on the three-dimensional solid perspective image, including the main material of the original jewel and impurity distribution, color feature distribution and so on.
- the analysis report also gives the type and grade of the original jewels tested according to the jewellery standard.
- the invention provides a method and system for jewellery quality identification based on multi-spectral analysis. After completing all reflection and transmission scanning, the jewel composition and internal structure information are obtained through multi-spectral scanning analysis, and the professional testing institution can target the jewellery or raw material. Provide complete and accurate analysis reports on the proportion and location of different components, and determine the category and grade of the jewelry to be tested according to the evaluation criteria, so as to realize the quality identification of different types of jewelry raw materials and commodities; this method has wide practicality, High accuracy can improve the efficiency of the organization's identification of jewelry.
- the seller will detect the jewelry to be sold through multi-spectral technology, obtain quantitative information of the jewelry composition and internal structure, and generate a three-dimensional solid perspective image of the jewelry through digital image technology; the seller will correspond to the jewelry
- the internal 3D solid perspective image is published on the e-commerce platform for the buyer to know the real jewelry details and choose the type of purchase.
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Abstract
一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法及系统。所述鉴定系统包括多波谱扫描系统（10）、波谱分析模块（20）及三维实体透视成像模块（30）。所述方法包括：(1)采用多波谱扫描技术，实现对被测珠宝穿透性完全扫描；(2)根据扫描得到的波谱信息，分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置，同时提供完整的定量分析报告，并根据相应珠宝的评测标准，确定被测珠宝成品及原材料的品类与等级，实现对珠宝的品质鉴定；(3)根据得到的被测物信息利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像，供消费者鉴赏或艺术家再创造设计。该方法具有广泛的实用性、高度的准确性，提高了珠宝的鉴定效率。
Description
本发明属于珠宝鉴定技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法及系统。
随着人们生活水平的不但改善，珠宝市场交易踊跃、发展迅速。据统计，从2005年到2013年，珠宝市场销售额增长约3.5倍，2013年中国珠宝产品零售总额已超过4700亿元。在珠宝的生产与流动过程中，品质鉴定无疑是非常重要的环节。
现行的珠宝鉴定一般分为人工经验鉴定和仪器鉴定。人工经验鉴定取决于鉴定者的经验，也有一定的主观性；仪器鉴定从简单的放大镜、聚光电筒之类的工具到现代化的高度精密仪器。目前,珠宝仪器检测主要基于以下测试技术：X射线衍射、电子探针、红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等分析技术。1、X射线衍射分析是无损鉴定宝石的方法之一,对确定宝玉石的种类,区分晶质和非晶质宝石材料是一种有效手段；2、电子探针能够对样品进行微区成分的定性与定量分析,成为鉴别真假宝石及人造宝石的有力工具；3、由于红外光谱图能反映宝玉石中的化学成分和结构特征,根据宝玉石特有的红外光谱图可区分天然宝石与人造宝石,但由于要求被检测样品必须有抛光平面,使红外光谱的测试受到限制；4、拉曼光谱学技术是一种非破坏性的测试手段,能很方便地区别天然宝石、人造宝石、改性宝石和仿制品；5、扫描电镜能够对宝石进行表面微形貌和化学成分分析,而且样品不受到损伤,已成为宝石研究的理想检测工具。
上述检测技术，虽然被广泛应用在珠宝的品质鉴定之中，但在获取珠宝材料的内部成分与准确位置以及再现方面尚无系统的解决方案。
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法及系统，实现对不同种类珠宝原材料及商品的简便、高效、实用的品质鉴定。
本发明提供了一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：
步骤a，通过多波谱扫描系统对被测物进行全方位扫描获得被测物的波谱信息；
步骤b，根据所述波谱信息分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置，并根据得到的被测物的信息进行品质鉴定。
进一步地，所述方法还包括步骤c，根据步骤b中得到的被测物的信息，利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像。
进一步地，所述三维实体透视图像利用虚拟现实建模语言还原在电脑屏幕上进行再现。
进一步地，所述多波谱扫描系统包括2个反射用多波谱发生器、1个透射用多波谱发生器、1个多波谱感应器、圆环旋转支架、被测物托盘、托盘水平轨道及屏蔽暗室；
所述2个反射用多波谱发生器、1个透射用多波谱发生器、1个多波谱感应器安装在所述圆环旋转支架上，其中，2个反射用多波谱发生器分别安装在所述多波谱感应器两侧并对称分布，所述透射用多波谱发生器与所述多波谱感应器位置相差180度；所述圆环旋转支架竖直放置，其垂直轴为经过所述圆环旋转支架的圆心并垂直圆环旋转支架所在平面的直线；所述托盘水平轨道包含两条轨道，所述两条轨道沿所述圆环旋转支架的垂直轴方向设置并呈水平分布；所述被测物托盘放在所述托盘水平轨道上，被测物放在被测物托盘上并处在所述圆环旋转支架的中心；上述各器件皆放置于所述屏蔽暗室内；
所述多波谱扫描系统的扫描方法具体为：
步骤A，2个反射用多波谱发生器和1个透射用多波谱发生器分别发出波，所述多波谱感应器接收反射波和透射波，并在多波谱感应器上获得相应的波谱信息；
步骤B，顺时针或逆时针旋转圆环旋转支架一定的角度，重复步骤A，直至圆环旋转支架完成360度的旋转，完成对被测物的完整扫描。
进一步地，所述多波谱扫描系统的扫描方法还包括步骤C，如果被测物沿所述圆环旋转支架垂直轴方向的尺寸超过一次可扫描的宽度，则将被测物托盘沿所述托盘水平轨道移动一次可扫描宽度的距离，重复步骤B，直至完成对被测物的全部扫描。
进一步地，所述屏蔽暗室由可隔离环境波、多波谱扫描系统产生的电磁波的金属材料制成。
进一步地，所述多波谱发生器包括声波发生器、电波发生器、光波发生器、X光发生器中的一种；所述多波谱感应器包括声波感应器、电波感应器、光波感应器、X光感应器中的一种；所述多波谱发生器选择上述其中一种时，所述多波谱感应器选择与所述多波谱发生器对应的一种。
进一步地，所述多波谱感应器包括镜头或探测器、CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件，所述镜头或探测器用于对接收的反射波和透射波作狭缝衍射及光栅处理；所述CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件用于获得相应的反射波谱信息和透射波谱信息。
本发明还提供了一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定系统，所述系统包括：
多波谱扫描系统，用于对被测物进行全方位多波谱扫描获得被测物的波谱信息；
波谱分析模块，用于根据所述波谱信息分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置，并根据得到的被测物的信息进行品质鉴定。
进一步地，所述系统还包括三维实体透视成像模块，用于根据所述波谱分析模块得到的被测物的信息，利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像。
进一步地，所述三维实体透视图像利用虚拟现实建模语言还原在电脑屏幕上进行再现。
进一步地，所述多波谱扫描系统包括2个反射用多波谱发生器、1个透射用多波谱发生器、1个多波谱感应器、圆环旋转支架、被测物托盘、托盘水平轨道及屏蔽暗室；
所述2个反射用多波谱发生器、1个透射用多波谱发生器、1个多波谱感应器安装在所述圆环旋转支架上，其中，2个反射用多波谱发生器分别安装在所述多波谱感应器两侧并对称分布，所述透射用多波谱发生器与所述多波谱感应器位置相差180度；所述圆环旋转支架竖直放置，其垂直轴为经过所述圆环旋转支架的圆心并垂直圆环旋转支架所在平面的直线；所述托盘水平轨道包含两条轨道，所述两条轨道沿所述圆环旋转支架的垂直轴方向设置并呈水平分布；所述被测物托盘放在所述托盘水平轨道上，被测物放在被测物托盘上并处在所述圆环旋转支架的中心；上述各器件皆放置于所述屏蔽暗室内；
所述2个反射用多波谱发生器发出反射波，所述1个透射用多波谱发生器发出透射波，所述多波谱感应器接收反射波和透射波，并在多波谱感应器上获得相应的波谱信息；
所述圆环旋转支架可顺时针或逆时针进行360度的旋转；
所述被测物托盘可沿所述托盘水平轨道移动。
进一步地，所述屏蔽暗室由可隔离环境波、多波谱扫描系统产生的电磁波的金属材料制成。
进一步地，所述多波谱发生器包括声波发生器、电波发生器、光波发生器、X光发生器中的一种；所述多波谱感应器包括声波感应器、电波感应器、光波感应器、X光感应器中的一种；所述多波谱发生器选择上述其中一种时，所述多波谱感应器选择与所述多波谱发生器对应的一种。
进一步地，所述多波谱感应器包括镜头或探测器、CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件，所述镜头或探测器用于对接收的反射波和透射波作狭缝衍射及光栅处理；所述CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件用于获得相应的反射波谱信息和透射波谱信息。
本发明与现有技术相比，有益效果在于：本发明提供了一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法及系统，完成全部反射和透射扫描后，通过多波谱扫描分析获得珠宝成分和内部结构信息，并针对该珠宝或原材料中不同成分的比例和位置等提供完整精确的分析报表。根据评测标准，确定被测珠宝的品类及等级，进而实现对不同种类珠宝原材料及商品的品质鉴定。该方法具有广泛的实用性、高度的准确性，可以提高对珠宝的鉴定效率。同时，可根据得到的被测物的信息利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像，利用数字软件及VRML技术真实还原再现在电脑屏幕上，使得该珠宝的三维内部图像可以在鼠标的操纵下任意旋转、放大和缩小；既能从不同角度欣赏到整体效果、也能从任意角度观察到局部细节。
图1是本发明实施例提供的基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法流程图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的多波谱扫描系统的截面图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的多波谱扫描系统的立体图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定系统的示意图。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的主要实现思想为：基于不同物质对不同波的反射和透射特性，采用多波谱扫描技术，实现对被测珠宝穿透性完全扫描；根据扫描得到的波谱信息分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置，同时提供完整的定量分析报告，并根据相应珠宝的评测标准，确定被测珠宝成品及原材料的品类与等级，进而实现对珠宝的品质鉴定；进一步地，可根据得到的被测物的信息利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像，其三维实体透视图像也可供消费者鉴赏或艺术家再创造设计。
下面具体介绍这种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法，如图1所示，所述方法包括下述步骤：
步骤a，通过多波谱扫描系统对被测物进行全方位扫描获得被测物的波谱信息；
步骤b，根据所述波谱信息并基于不同物质对不同波的反射和透射特性，分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置，并根据得到的被测物的信息进行品质鉴定。
所述方法还包括步骤c，根据步骤b中得到的被测物的信息，利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像。
所述三维实体透视图像利用虚拟现实建模语言还原在电脑屏幕上进行再现，操作者可以通过鼠标滚动、放大或缩小，实现对被测物的分析和鉴赏。
如图2所示为多波谱扫描系统的截面图，所述多波谱扫描系统包括1个多波谱感应器1、2个反射用多波谱发生器2、1个透射用多波谱发生器3、圆环旋转支架4、被测物托盘5、托盘水平轨道6及屏蔽暗室（图中未示出）；
所述圆环旋转支架4是一竖直安放的可以360度旋转的环形支架，其垂直轴为经过所述圆环旋转支架4的圆心并垂直圆环旋转支架4所在平面的直线；所述2个反射用多波谱发生器2、1个透射用多波谱发生器3、1个多波谱感应器1安装在所述圆环旋转支架4上，其中，2个反射用多波谱发生器2分别安装在所述多波谱感应器1两侧并对称分布，所述透射用多波谱发生器3与所述多波谱感应器1位置相差180度，所述多波谱发生器2和所述圆环旋转支架4位置相对固定；所述托盘水平轨道6包含两条轨道，所述两条轨道沿所述圆环旋转支架4的垂直轴方向设置并呈水平分布；所述被测物托盘5放在所述托盘水平轨道6上并可沿托盘水平轨道6滑动，被测物放在被测物托盘5上，且被测物基本处在圆环旋转支架4的中心。
如图3所示，上述器件皆被放置在所述屏蔽暗室7内，8为所述屏蔽暗室的屏蔽门，所述屏蔽暗室7由密度较高的金属材料制成，可以减少环境波对测试效果的影响，也可以避免电磁波对外辐射造成对环境的影响。
被测物托盘5的材料在测试波段内有较小的透射损耗，可以选择与被测物的波谱透视性相异的材料。如，玻璃在可见光波段内是基本透明的。
所述多波谱扫描系统的扫描方法具体为：
步骤A，2个反射用多波谱发生器2和1个透射用多波谱发生器3分别发出波，所述多波谱感应器1接收反射波和透射波，并在多波谱感应器1上获得一个长条区域的波谱信息；
步骤B，顺时针或逆时针旋转圆环旋转支架一定的角度，重复步骤A，直至圆环旋转支架4完成360度的旋转，完成对被测物的完整扫描。
事实上，如果被测物尺寸较小，一次360度的旋转扫描即可完成对该物体的完整扫描；但是，如果被测物沿所述圆环旋转支架4垂直轴方向的尺寸超过一次可扫描的宽度，则在步骤B之后，将被测物托盘沿所述托盘水平轨道6移动一个距离（可移动一次可扫描宽度的距离），继续按照步骤A和步骤B的方式扫描，直到完成对被测物的全部纵向扫描。
所述多波谱发生器由2个反射用多波谱发生器2和1个透射用多波谱发生器3组成。可以是声波（含次声波、声波、超声波）发生器、电波（含低频、高频、超高频、微波）发生器、光波（含红外、可见光及紫外）发生器、X光发生器等；每波段的多波谱发生器可以产生一定波长范围的波，如金属卤素灯可产生300-2000nm的波长，超声波发生器可以产生40KHz以下的不同波等。
所述多波谱感应器1指上述对应的声波（含次声波、声波、超声波）感应器、电波（含低频、高频、超高频、微波）感应器、光波（含红外、可见光及紫外）感应器、X光感应器等；每波段的多波谱感应器1可以感应一定波长范围的波，如可见光多光谱感应器可以感应400-710nm波长，5nm为分辨率的所有波谱特性。
多波谱感应器1由镜头（或探测器）及CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件等组成，镜头负责对接收信息作类似狭缝衍射及光栅处理，使感应器件能够获得一长条像素区域内，每一点的透射波谱信息和反射波谱信息。
基于不同物质具有对不同波的反射、折射和透射特性，所述的多波谱扫描系统可以根据被测主材料的特性选择不同的多波发生器及相应的多波谱感应器。在事先未知主材料种类的情况下，可以准备多种测试方案，选择多种波谱发生器及相应的波谱感应器进行测试，直至获得有效的全部材料的分析数据；当多波谱发生器选定后，选定的所述多波谱感应器1的类型应与所述多波谱发生器的类型对应。
完成全部反射和透射扫描后，根据所述波谱信息分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置；并可对该珠宝或原材料中不同物质的比例和位置等提供完整精确的分析报表，同时根据评测标准，确定被测珠宝的品类及等级，进而实现对被测物的品质鉴定。
三维实体透视成像是把获得的全部光谱信息，通过相关算法及数字图像技术构成一个完整地三维实体透视图像。利用数字软件及VRML技术真实还原再现在电脑屏幕上。使得该珠宝的三维内部图像可以在鼠标的操纵下任意旋转、放大和缩小；
这样既能从不同角度欣赏到整体效果、也能从任意角度观察到局部细节；可供艺术家再创造设计，也可以供消费者鉴赏、购买。
本发明还提供了一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定系统，如图4所示，所述系统包括：
多波谱扫描系统10，用于对被测物进行全方位多波谱扫描获得被测物的波谱信息；
波谱分析模块20，用于根据所述波谱信息分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置，并根据得到的被测物的信息进行品质鉴定。
三维实体透视成像模块30，用于根据所述波谱分析模块20得到的被测物的信息，利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像。
下面举一关于翡翠加工设计的应用实施例：
“玉不琢，不成器”，翡翠原石经过雕琢后的艺术品价值极高；但是目前对翡翠艺术品制作的流程有选料、开料、用途定位与设计等等。由于翡翠原料的特点与加工定型息息相关，需要经验丰富的师傅来选料，确保原料制作的成品价值保值；翡翠开料是翡翠原石加工工艺中的关键环节，存在有些赌石者开料心急，一刀下去，可能把翡翠的翠色部分切掉，使得开出来的翡翠做不了完整的雕刻艺术品，降低翡翠原本应该有的价值；翡翠的用途定位与设计需要结合翡翠内部特征，才能做出类似“翡翠白菜”叶绿茎白的作品。以上对翡翠工艺品制作的描述中可以发现有严重的不足之处存在：对翡翠的选料和开料难度极大。由于难以知晓翡翠原料内部的特征，艺术家对翡翠原石的定位和设计只有用时间换翡翠制作的安全，但是依旧存在加工不如意的情况。
然而利用多光谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法，可以极大的提高艺术家对翡翠的创造力。
将翡翠原石作为被测物放在托盘上，放入多波谱检测仪内。根据翡翠的物理特性，选择合适的多波谱发生器和多波谱感应器。所述多波谱发生器和多波谱感应器随圆环旋转支架做360度旋转，根据被测精度要求，每隔相应的角度（如10度）获取一次透射和反射的影像及波谱信息。完成360扫描后，如果被测翡翠原石的尺寸大于多波谱感应器一次能获取的尺寸，则被测物托盘沿托盘水平轨道移动一个距离（可移动多波谱感应器一次可扫描宽度的距离），再进行360度的扫描，直到完成全部扫描。
波谱分析模块根据扫描获得的全部信息，分析该翡翠原石的全部波谱信息，生成分析报告；并由三维实体透视成像模块计算并生成被测物翡翠的三维实体透视图像，翡翠原料的内部特征完整反应到三维实体透视图上，包括翡翠主材料和杂质分布，颜色特征分布等。此时，艺术家可通过此具有翡翠内部特征分布的三维图先一步进行构思，再对翡翠原料进行加工。这样解决了对翡翠原料选料开料存在的风险，还节约艺术家对翡翠设计的不确定性。因此，通过本方法，艺术家可以提高翡翠原料的利用率，同时也提高了翡翠艺术品的创造效率。
下面再举一关于珠宝原石鉴定的应用实施例：
采矿得到的珠宝原石经过大自然的长期风华，很多表面都有一层覆盖物，对内部质地的判定需要丰富的经验，即便是经验丰富的珠宝专家也有判断走眼的时候，所谓“一刀穷，一刀富”。如未经过加工的翡翠原石称为“毛料”，在翡翠交易市场中，毛料也称为“石头”，整体都被皮壳包着，未切开，也未开窗口(也称开门子)的翡翠毛料称为“赌石”，或称“赌货”。赌石的外皮裹着或薄或厚的原始石皮，不同的赌石颜色各异，红、黄、白、黑皆有，还有混合色。珠宝界有一句行话：赌石如赌命，赌赢了，十倍百倍地赚，一夜之间成富翁；赌垮了，一切都输尽赔光。
由于不同物质对不同的波具有特别的反射，折射和透射性质，在事先未知主材料种类的情况下，可以准备多种测试方案，选择多种波谱进行测试。如分别选择声波、电波和光波发生器及相应的多波谱感应器进行测试，直到获得有效的全部材料的分析数据（即各种材料在其中所占的比重和位置分部）并产生三维实体透视图像。
具体如下：
选择声波发生器和感应器，将被测珠宝原石作为被测物放在托盘上，放入多波谱检测系统内。多波谱感应器及反射波发生器和透射波发生器随圆环旋转支架做360度旋转，根据被测精度要求，每隔相应的角度（如10度）获取一次透射和反射的影像及波谱信息。完成360度扫描后，如果被测珠宝原石的尺寸大于多波谱感应器一次能获取的尺寸，则被测物托盘沿托盘水平轨道移动一个距离（可移动多波谱感应器一次可扫描宽度的距离），再进行360度的扫描，直到完成全部扫描。
珠宝材料波谱分析模块根据扫描获得的信息，分析该珠宝原石的全部波谱信息，生成分析报告。如果分析报告不能完整表述出全部材料特性，则可以依次换用电波发生器和感应器、光波发生器和感应器等。直到获得比较完全（根据客户的需要选择80%-99%甚至99.99%）的内部材料分析报告为止。
然后由三维透视成像模块计算并生成被测物的三维实体透视图像。珠宝原石的内部特征完整反应到三维实体透视图像上，包括珠宝原石主材料和杂质分布，颜色特征分布等。分析报告也根据珠宝标准，给出所测珠宝原石的品类和级别。
本发明提供了一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法及系统，在完成全部反射和透射扫描后，通过多波谱扫描分析获得珠宝成分和内部结构信息，专业的检测机构可以针对该珠宝或原材料中不同成分的比例和位置等提供完整精确的分析报表，并根据评测标准，确定被测珠宝的品类及等级，进而实现对不同种类珠宝原材料及商品的品质鉴定；该方法具有广泛的实用性、高度的准确性，可以提高机构对珠宝的鉴定效率。
在珠宝电商的普通交易过程中，卖方将待出售的珠宝通过多光谱技术检测，获得珠宝成分和内部结构的定量信息并通过数字图像技术生成珠宝内部三维实体透视图像；卖方将珠宝的对应成分和内部三维实体透视图像公布在电商平台上，供买方了解到真实的珠宝细节，选择购买喜欢的类型。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (15)
- 一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：步骤a，通过多波谱扫描系统对被测物进行全方位扫描获得被测物的波谱信息；步骤b，根据所述波谱信息分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置，并根据得到的被测物的信息进行品质鉴定。
- 如权利要求1所述的珠宝品质鉴定方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括步骤c，根据步骤b中得到的被测物的信息，利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像。
- 如权利要求2所述的珠宝品质鉴定方法，其特征在于，所述三维实体透视图像利用虚拟现实建模语言还原在电脑屏幕上进行再现。
- 如权利要求1所述的珠宝品质鉴定方法，其特征在于，所述多波谱扫描系统包括2个反射用多波谱发生器、1个透射用多波谱发生器、1个多波谱感应器、圆环旋转支架、被测物托盘、托盘水平轨道及屏蔽暗室；所述2个反射用多波谱发生器、1个透射用多波谱发生器、1个多波谱感应器安装在所述圆环旋转支架上，其中，2个反射用多波谱发生器分别安装在所述多波谱感应器两侧并对称分布，所述透射用多波谱发生器与所述多波谱感应器位置相差180度；所述圆环旋转支架竖直放置，其垂直轴为经过所述圆环旋转支架的圆心并垂直圆环旋转支架所在平面的直线；所述托盘水平轨道包含两条轨道，所述两条轨道沿所述圆环旋转支架的垂直轴方向设置并呈水平分布；所述被测物托盘放在所述托盘水平轨道上，被测物放在被测物托盘上并处在所述圆环旋转支架的中心；上述各器件皆放置于所述屏蔽暗室内；所述多波谱扫描系统的扫描方法具体为：步骤A，2个反射用多波谱发生器和1个透射用多波谱发生器分别发出波，所述多波谱感应器接收反射波和透射波，并在多波谱感应器上获得相应的波谱信息；步骤B，顺时针或逆时针旋转圆环旋转支架一定的角度，重复步骤A，直至圆环旋转支架完成360度的旋转，完成对被测物的完整扫描。
- 如权利要求4所述的珠宝品质鉴定方法，其特征在于，所述多波谱扫描系统的扫描方法还包括步骤C，如果被测物沿所述圆环旋转支架垂直轴方向的尺寸超过一次可扫描的宽度，则将被测物托盘沿所述托盘水平轨道移动一次可扫描宽度的距离，重复步骤B，直至完成对被测物的全部扫描。
- 如权利要求4所述的珠宝品质鉴定方法，其特征在于，所述屏蔽暗室由可隔离环境波、多波谱扫描系统产生的电磁波的金属材料制成。
- 如权利要求4所述的珠宝品质鉴定方法，其特征在于，所述多波谱发生器包括声波发生器、电波发生器、光波发生器、X光发生器中的一种；所述多波谱感应器包括声波感应器、电波感应器、光波感应器、X光感应器中的一种；所述多波谱发生器选择上述其中一种时，所述多波谱感应器选择与所述多波谱发生器对应的一种。
- 如权利要求4所述的珠宝品质鉴定方法，其特征在于，所述多波谱感应器包括镜头或探测器、CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件，所述镜头或探测器用于对接收的反射波和透射波作狭缝衍射及光栅处理；所述CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件用于获得相应的反射波谱信息和透射波谱信息。
- 一种基于多波谱分析的珠宝品质鉴定系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：多波谱扫描系统，用于对被测物进行全方位多波谱扫描获得被测物的波谱信息；波谱分析模块，用于根据所述波谱信息分析被测物的材料组成成分、各成分比例及大小、各成分材料在被测物中的位置，并根据得到的被测物的信息进行品质鉴定。
- 如权利要求9所述的珠宝品质鉴定系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括三维实体透视成像模块，用于根据所述波谱分析模块得到的被测物的信息，利用数字图像技术生成三维实体透视图像。
- 如权利要求10所述的珠宝品质鉴定系统，其特征在于，所述三维实体透视图像利用虚拟现实建模语言还原在电脑屏幕上进行再现。
- 如权利要求9所述的珠宝品质鉴定系统，其特征在于，所述多波谱扫描系统包括2个反射用多波谱发生器、1个透射用多波谱发生器、1个多波谱感应器、圆环旋转支架、被测物托盘、托盘水平轨道及屏蔽暗室；所述2个反射用多波谱发生器、1个透射用多波谱发生器、1个多波谱感应器安装在所述圆环旋转支架上，其中，2个反射用多波谱发生器分别安装在所述多波谱感应器两侧并对称分布，所述透射用多波谱发生器与所述多波谱感应器位置相差180度；所述圆环旋转支架竖直放置，其垂直轴为经过所述圆环旋转支架的圆心并垂直圆环旋转支架所在平面的直线；所述托盘水平轨道包含两条轨道，所述两条轨道沿所述圆环旋转支架的垂直轴方向设置并呈水平分布；所述被测物托盘放在所述托盘水平轨道上，被测物放在被测物托盘上并处在所述圆环旋转支架的中心；上述各器件皆放置于所述屏蔽暗室内；所述2个反射用多波谱发生器发出反射波，所述1个透射用多波谱发生器发出透射波，所述多波谱感应器接收反射波和透射波，并在多波谱感应器上获得相应的波谱信息；所述圆环旋转支架可顺时针或逆时针进行360度的旋转；所述被测物托盘可沿所述托盘水平轨道移动。
- 如权利要求12所述的珠宝品质鉴定系统，其特征在于，所述屏蔽暗室由可隔离环境波、多波谱扫描系统产生的电磁波的金属材料制成。
- 如权利要求12所述的珠宝品质鉴定系统，其特征在于，所述多波谱发生器包括声波发生器、电波发生器、光波发生器、X光发生器中的一种；所述多波谱感应器包括声波感应器、电波感应器、光波感应器、X光感应器中的一种；所述多波谱发生器选择上述其中一种时，所述多波谱感应器选择与所述多波谱发生器对应的一种。
- 如权利要求12所述的珠宝品质鉴定系统，其特征在于，所述多波谱感应器包括镜头或探测器、CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件，所述镜头或探测器用于对接收的反射波和透射波作狭缝衍射及光栅处理；所述CCD感应器件或CMOS感应器件用于获得相应的反射波谱信息和透射波谱信息。
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