WO2017051553A1

WO2017051553A1 - Lighting environment evaluation method

Info

Publication number: WO2017051553A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/059430
Authority: WO
Inventors: 洋邦東
Original assignee: 東芝ライテック株式会社
Priority date: 2015-09-24
Filing date: 2016-03-24
Publication date: 2017-03-30

Abstract

Provided is a lighting system capable of achieving lighting whereunder competitions can be performed comfortably. According to an embodiment of this invention, the surface to be illuminated for the lighting system is the interior of a competition venue. The lighting system is equipped with a plurality of lighting instruments. Each of the plurality of lighting instruments has a light-emitting surface that emits the light from a light source. The plurality of lighting instruments are disposed in such a manner that, when the light-emitting surface is observed from an arbitrary position on the surface to be illuminated, the solid angle of a light emitting surface having a high brightness of a predetermined brightness or greater is smaller than a predetermined solid angle.

Description

Evaluation method of lighting environment

Embodiment of this invention is related with the evaluation method of lighting environment.

In large stadiums that can compete at night, a lighting system with multiple large lighting devices will be installed. Each large illuminating device constituting the lighting system provided in the stadium is designed so that the illuminance of the irradiation surface (for example, the area where the competition is performed in the stadium) is equal to or higher than a predetermined value based on a predetermined standard (for example, JISZ9127 “Sports Lighting Standard”). For example, in a large outdoor stadium, each large illuminating device has a light emitting surface at a position several tens of meters above the ground, so that the light emitting surface has a very high luminance in order to provide a predetermined illuminance on the irradiated surface.

JP-A-6-84403

However, if the brightness of the light emitting surface of each large illuminating device is high, it may interfere with the competition held at the stadium. Conventionally, according to the above-mentioned standard, the method for measuring the influence of the strong light from the lighting fixture due to the light entering the eye is to measure and evaluate the observer's line-of-sight direction 2 ° below the horizontal. However, in the case of directly observing (directly viewing) the light emitting surface of each large illuminating device, there is no general index defined by standards or the like, and it has not been studied in detail. For this reason, the lighting system installed in the stadium is desired to adjust the brightness of the light-emitting surface and the high-luminance surface of each large lighting device so that the athlete can comfortably compete. .

An object of the present invention is to provide an illumination system that realizes lighting that allows a player to comfortably play a game, a lighting environment evaluation method that can evaluate easiness of playing on an irradiation surface by the lighting system, and a design based on the evaluation method Provided is a lighting device.

The present invention is designed based on a lighting system that realizes lighting that allows a player to comfortably play a game, a lighting environment evaluation method that can evaluate the ease of playing on the irradiated surface by the lighting system, and the evaluation method. A lighting device can be provided.

Drawing 1 is a figure showing the example of composition of the lighting system concerning an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a large-sized illumination device in the illumination system according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an external configuration of a projector (lighting device) that configures the lighting system according to the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a front view of a projector (illumination device) included in the illumination system according to the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining conditions of the first experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a result of the first experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a result of the first experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a result of the first experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an experimental apparatus and an experimental environment regarding the second experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the experimental illumination device used in the second experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the experimental illumination device used in the second experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a procedure in which the second experiment according to the embodiment is performed on each subject. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the contents of the second experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating a result of a second experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating a result of the second experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 13C is a diagram illustrating a result of the second experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a result of the second experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the difficulty of seeing a ball by the high-luminance light emitting surface according to the embodiment. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the size of the high-luminance light-emitting surface and the result of subjective evaluation in the first experiment according to the embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a lighting pattern of a high-luminance light emitting surface according to the embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a first example of a specific pattern displayed by the large illuminating device according to the embodiment as a lighting pattern of a high-luminance light emitting surface. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a second example of the specific pattern displayed by the large-sized lighting device according to the embodiment as the lighting pattern of the high-luminance light emitting surface. FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a setting example of radar chart creation points in a stadium where the illumination system according to the embodiment is installed. FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a radar chart created by the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating an example of a radar chart created by the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 23B is a diagram illustrating an example of a radar chart created by the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a solid angle database provided in the setting memory of the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 25 is a flowchart for explaining processing for creating a radar chart indicating a solid angle of a light emitting surface with high luminance by the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining the creation points of the radar chart set by the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a solid angle data table stored in the data memory of the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a display example of a radar chart by the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 29A is a diagram illustrating an example of a luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface by the illumination system according to the embodiment. FIG. 29B is a diagram illustrating an example of a luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface by the illumination system according to the embodiment. FIG. 30A is a diagram illustrating an example in which each pixel of the luminance distribution image illustrated in FIG. 29A is converted into a glare value. FIG. 30B is a diagram illustrating an example in which each pixel of the luminance distribution image illustrated in FIG. 29B is converted into a glare value. FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a glare value database provided in the setting memory of the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 32 is a flowchart for explaining processing for creating a radar chart indicating glare evaluation values by the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a data table stored in the data memory of the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a display example of a glare value radar chart by the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment.

The lighting system (S) according to the embodiment described below includes a plurality of lighting devices (2) with the inside of the stadium as an irradiation surface. The plurality of lighting devices (2) have a light emitting surface that emits light from the light source (21). When the light emitting surface is observed from an arbitrary observation position on the irradiation surface, the plurality of lighting devices (2) has a solid angle of a high-luminance light emitting surface that is equal to or higher than a predetermined luminance, less than a predetermined solid angle. Placed in.

Further, the plurality of lighting devices (2) of the lighting system (S) according to the embodiment described below includes a reflector (22) that reflects light from the light source (21).

Further, in the plurality of lighting devices (2) of the lighting system according to the embodiment described below, the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface is less than the predetermined solid angle within the range of the effective visual field of the person. Be placed.

In the illumination system (S) according to the embodiment described below, the predetermined solid angle is set with reference to the solid angle of the sun.

In addition, the illumination system (S) according to the embodiment described below has a predetermined time during which the visual target in which the predetermined solid angle moves at a specific speed becomes invisible due to a surface having a high luminance equal to or higher than the predetermined luminance. The solid angle is less than time.

In addition, the plurality of illumination devices (2) of the illumination system (S) according to the embodiment described below, when a light emitting surface is observed from a plurality of observation positions on the irradiation surface toward a plurality of directions, The solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface that is equal to or higher than the predetermined luminance in all directions is arranged to be less than the predetermined solid angle.

A lighting environment evaluation method (first evaluation method) according to an embodiment described below is a method of evaluating a lighting environment by a lighting system (S) in which a plurality of lighting devices (2) having a light emitting surface are arranged. . In the first evaluation method, a solid angle of a high-luminance light-emitting surface that is equal to or higher than a predetermined luminance when the light-emitting surface of the lighting device is observed from a certain observation position on the irradiation surface toward a plurality of directions is set to each of the plurality of directions. The direction is calculated, and information indicating the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface for each calculated direction is displayed.

Also, in the first evaluation method according to the embodiment described below, the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface is calculated within the range of the effective visual field.

Further, in the first evaluation method according to the embodiment described below, the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface, the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in each lighting device, a plurality of vertical angles, and a plurality of It calculates with reference to the database (64a) shown for every horizontal angle.

In addition, the first evaluation method according to the embodiment described below displays a radar chart graph (L1) indicating the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface for each direction.

A lighting environment evaluation method (second evaluation method) according to an embodiment described below is a method of evaluating a lighting environment by a lighting system (S) in which a plurality of lighting devices (2) having light emitting surfaces are arranged. . In the second evaluation method, the luminance of each pixel in the luminance distribution image when the light emitting surface of the lighting device is observed from a certain observation position toward a certain direction is based on an evaluation function indicating the relationship between the luminance and the glare value. The glare value is converted into a glare value, and the glare evaluation value in the azimuth is calculated from the observation position based on the glare value of each pixel within the range to be evaluated in the luminance distribution image.

Further, in the second evaluation method according to the embodiment described below, the range of the evaluation target is an effective visual field range.

The second evaluation method according to the embodiment described below is a database in which the glare value stores a plurality of vertical angles and a plurality of horizontal angle glare values on the light emitting surface of each lighting device ( 64b), it is determined for each light emitting surface of each lighting device within the range of the evaluation target in the azimuth, and the glare evaluation value is the light emission of each lighting device within the determined range of the evaluation target Calculated based on the glare value of the surface.

Further, in the second evaluation method according to the embodiment described below, the glare is evaluated on the light emitting surface in the plurality of directions when the light emitting surface of the lighting apparatus is observed from the observation position toward the plurality of directions. Each value is calculated, and a radar chart graph (L2) indicating glare evaluation values in the plurality of directions from the observation position is displayed.

Moreover, the illuminating device (1) which concerns on embodiment described below comprises the illuminating device (2) designed based on evaluation of at least any one of the said 1st evaluation method or the said 2nd evaluation method. To do.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In the present embodiment, an evaluation method for evaluating a lighting environment by a lighting system provided in a stadium or the like will be described.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a lighting system S according to the embodiment.
The illumination system S includes a plurality of large illuminating devices (hereinafter also referred to as illumination columns) 1 (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f). In the illumination system S shown in FIG. 1, each large illuminating device 1 is arrange | positioned so that a competition field may be surrounded. Each large illuminating device 1 has a light emitting surface for irradiating an irradiation surface, and the light emitting surface is installed in the stadium. The illumination system S is designed so that a competition area where a competition is performed in a stadium is an irradiation surface, and the entire irradiation surface has a predetermined illuminance.

The lighting system S is assumed to be installed in a stadium where a competition is held in which there is a possibility that the athlete may directly look at the light emitting surface. As the stadium where the lighting system S is installed, for example, a stadium where a target to be viewed during the competition is a ball, such as baseball, soccer, rugby, tennis, and the like is assumed. The stadium where the lighting system S is installed is not limited to a stadium where a specific competition is performed. The stadium where the lighting system S is installed may be indoors. The embodiment described below will be described mainly assuming a stadium where baseball is played as a game.

The illumination system S according to the present embodiment emits light with a luminance equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold when an observer (competitor) directly looks at the light emitting surface formed by each projector of each large illuminating device from a location within the competition area. The size of the surface (high luminance light emitting surface) is set to be equal to or less than a predetermined threshold. That is, each large illuminating device that constitutes the illumination system S is based on the premise that the entire irradiation surface has a predetermined illuminance or higher, and is high when observing an arbitrary direction from an arbitrary point (observation position) in the competition area. The luminance light emitting surface is designed or adjusted so that the size of the light emitting surface is a predetermined threshold value or less.

The high-luminance light-emitting surface is a light-emitting part that feels so dazzling that the ball to be viewed disappears during the competition. As the high-luminance light-emitting surface increases, the impact on the game increases, and the longer the period during which the ball appears to disappear, the more likely the player will lose sight of the ball. Therefore, it is considered that an illumination environment is desired in which the light-emitting part (the high-luminance light-emitting surface) that feels dazzling so that the ball appears to disappear does not greatly affect the competition. Here, the glare that makes the ball appear to disappear is called glare.

A high-luminance light-emitting surface (light-emitting surface that produces glare) is determined by a predetermined threshold value (high-luminance determination threshold value). The predetermined threshold value (threshold value for high brightness determination) is a threshold value for determining a light emitting surface with high brightness, and an observer (athlete) does not visually recognize a visual target (or it is difficult for a player to compete). Is a value set based on the luminance to be evaluated. For example, for the lighting system S installed in a stadium where baseball is played, a threshold for high brightness determination is set based on the brightness that the player evaluates when the ball appears to disappear during competition in the stadium. . In other words, the threshold for high brightness determination is a value set based on subjective evaluations of humans such as athletes, and various values such as competition contents, visual objects, lighting system installation conditions, stadium environment, etc. It may change depending on various factors. For this reason, the threshold value for high brightness determination is set in consideration of an actual operation mode, design conditions, and the like based on an experiment or the like described later.

In addition, the high-luminance light-emitting surface is designed so that the influence on the competition performed in the stadium is as small as possible. That is, the high-luminance light-emitting surface is designed to have a size that is allowed as a period during which the player cannot visually recognize the visual target because the visual target is not visible (the ball appears to disappear). In the present embodiment, the size of the light emitting surface is represented by a solid angle. When the size of the light emitting surface is represented by a solid angle, the threshold for the size of the high luminance light emitting surface (threshold for the high luminance solid angle) is within a range that does not hinder the player from actually playing the game (or , A range to be allowed) and a solid angle to be evaluated. For example, for the lighting system S installed in a stadium where baseball is played, the brightness is high based on the size (solid angle) that is evaluated as acceptable for playing the part where the ball appears to disappear during the game. The threshold for the solid angle (hereinafter also simply referred to as the solid angle threshold) is set. In other words, the solid angle threshold is a value that is set based on the subjective evaluation of humans such as athletes, and includes the content of the competition, the shape of the visual target, the movement of the visual target, the installation conditions of the lighting system, the stadium, It may change depending on various factors such as the environment and required illuminance. For this reason, the threshold value of the solid angle is set in consideration of an actual operation mode, design conditions, and the like based on an experiment or the like to be described later.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of each large-sized lighting device 1 configuring the lighting system S according to the embodiment.
The large illuminating device 1 is an illuminating device having a plurality of projectors (illuminating devices) 2 (2a, 2b,...), A pedestal 3, a support column (pole) 4, and the like. The plurality of projectors 2 are luminaires that emit light from one or more light sources. Each projector 2 is, for example, an LED projector having an instrument luminous flux of 10,000 lumens or more using an LED as a light source. The gantry 3 is to which a plurality of projectors 2 are attached, and is installed on the support pillar 4. The support column 4 supports the gantry 3 to which the plurality of projectors 2 are attached at a predetermined height.

The plurality of projectors 2 are arranged so as to form a light emitting surface toward the irradiation surface. Each projector 2 is attached to the gantry 3 in a state where the installation angle and the like are adjusted. The gantry 3 to which the plurality of projectors 2 are attached is attached to the support column 4 and installed such that the light emitting surface formed by the plurality of projectors 2 has a predetermined height. For example, the plurality of projectors 2 are installed in a state of being arranged as shown in FIG. Moreover, each projector 2 is attached so that each angle can be adjusted, and an angle etc. can be adjusted according to the parameter | index etc. which are mentioned later.

In addition, the large illuminating device 1 which comprises the illumination system S is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. For example, the large illuminating device 1 is not limited to a specific configuration in terms of the number and arrangement of the projectors 2. Furthermore, the illumination system S should just be what arrange | positions the some projector 2 in a playing field, and may not be the structure which mounts the some projector 2 in the large illuminating device which has a mount frame and a support pillar. For example, the lighting system S may arrange a plurality of projectors 2 around the competition area.

Next, the configuration of each projector 2 will be described.
FIG. 3 is an external view of each projector 2 used in the illumination system S according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a front view of each projector 2.
In the configuration example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each projector 2 includes a base portion 12, a leg portion 13, a heat radiating portion 14, and a light emitting portion 15.
The base unit 12 is a support that supports the light emitting unit 15. The base unit 12 includes a surface on which the light emitting unit 15 is provided and a surface on which the heat radiating unit 14 is provided. The surface on which the light emitting unit 15 is provided and the surface on which the heat radiating unit 14 is provided are provided at positions facing each other. Further, the base portion 12 is connected to the leg portion 13 by a connecting member such as a hinge. The base unit 12 includes a circuit that supplies power to the light emitting unit 15.

The leg portion 13 is a support that supports the base portion 12. The leg portion 13 includes an attachment portion for attachment to the gantry 3 of the large-sized lighting device 1 and a hinge portion that is connected to the base portion 12 and can change the angle of the base portion 12. The leg part 13 can change the direction of the light emitting surface of the lighting device formed by the light emitting part 15 by rotating the base part 12 around the axis of the hinge part.
The heat radiating portion 14 includes a plurality of heat radiating fins. The heat radiating part 14 radiates the heat of the base part 12. The heat radiating part 14 is provided on the surface of the base part 12 opposite to the surface on which the light emitting part 15 is provided. The heat radiating fin of the heat radiating portion 14 is formed of a lightweight member having excellent heat radiating properties, such as aluminum or aluminum die casting.

The light emitting unit 15 includes a plurality of light emitting modules 20. 3 and 4, the light emitting unit 15 includes seven light emitting modules 20 (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f, and 20g). Each light emitting module 20 includes a light source 21 and a reflection plate 22.
The light source 21 emits light by power supplied from the lighting circuit. The light source 21 is configured by a light emitting element such as an LED, for example. The LED as the light emitting element of the light source 21 is, for example, an SMD type or a COB type. However, the light emitting element of the light source 21 is not limited to a specific type of LED. The reflector 22 is a reflector that reflects the light emitted from the light source 21. The reflector as the reflection plate 22 has a function of emitting light emitted from the light source 21 as light with little leakage light.

Note that the projector 2 is not limited to the LED lighting device alone, but in the embodiment, the projector 2 will be mainly described on the assumption that the LED lighting device has high directivity and less leakage light. Shall. In addition, all the projectors 2 can acquire information indicating an installation position and aiming (vertical angle and horizontal angle) as design information by an information processing apparatus described later.

Next, the first experiment conducted in the competition area (irradiation surface) of the stadium will be described.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the conditions of the first experiment conducted.
The first experiment described below is an experiment intended to evaluate the luminance and solid angle of the light emitting surface of a large illuminating device that the player feels difficult to play (the ball becomes invisible).
The first experiment is an experiment in which the subject (athlete) subjectively evaluates the appearance of the ball (baseball ball) in the background with a lighting column (illumination device) having a high-luminance light-emitting surface. It was conducted at night. In addition, the inventors conducted the same experiment at two different stadiums as the first experiment. One stadium where the first experiment was conducted was a stadium where a plurality of large lighting devices having LED (Light Emitting Diode) floodlights were installed, and the other stadium was an HID (High Intensity Discharge) floodlight. This is a stadium where multiple large lighting devices are installed.

There are five baseball players in the first experiment. Each subject was a person who had experienced a game (baseball) in the night. In the subjective evaluation by the test subject, when the flyball is viewed with the lighting device in the background, the test subject evaluates whether or not the ball has disappeared with two choices.
As shown in FIG. 5, the evaluation positions P1 to P6 are a plurality of positions scattered throughout the competition area, and the reference positions P01 to P06 are six positions corresponding to the evaluation positions P1 to P6. Further, the flyball is launched from the reference positions P01 to P06 shown in FIG. 5 toward the respective evaluation positions P1 to P6, and the reference positions P01 to P06 are viewed from the respective evaluation positions P1 to P6. Was the background position.
The number of evaluations was performed by each subject four times (5 persons × 4 times = 20 times in total) at each of the evaluation positions P1 to P6.

In the actual first experiment, an image including the entire light emitting surface of the lighting device was taken from each of the evaluation positions P1 to P6, and an image indicating the luminance of the entire light emitting surface of the lighting device was obtained. As a result, the size of the light emitting surface of the high-luminance portion viewed from each of the evaluation positions P1 to P6 is different, and the luminance is 300,000 cd / m ^ 2 on the light emitting surface of the lighting device viewed from each of the evaluation positions P1 to P6. The solid angles of the high-luminance light emitting surface are different from each other. In the present embodiment, luminance that is equal to or higher than a threshold for determining high luminance (for example, 300,000 cd / m ^ 2) is referred to as high luminance.

Next, the result of the first experiment described above will be described.
6, 7 and 8 are graphs summarizing the results of the first experiment described above.
FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the solid angle of the light emitting surface having a luminance of 300,000 cd / m ^ 2 or more and the number of times the ball was seen to disappear as a subjective evaluation by the subject. FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the solid angle of the light emitting surface having a luminance of 1 million cd / m ^ 2 or more and the number of times the ball was seen to disappear as a subjective evaluation by the subject. 6 and 7, the horizontal axis represents the solid angle of the light emitting part (high luminance light emitting surface) that is equal to or higher than the threshold for high luminance determination, and the vertical axis represents the number of times the ball appears to disappear. Therefore, the subjective evaluation means that the more the number of vertical axes, the more difficult the competition is (the competition is difficult).
According to the experimental results of the first experiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, as the size of the high-luminance light-emitting surface is increased, the number of times the ball has disappeared and changed is increased. From this result, it is considered that as the high-luminance light-emitting surface becomes larger, it becomes difficult to see the ball because the ball becomes difficult to see.

FIG. 6 shows that the correlation coefficient R is 0.76 when the threshold for high brightness determination is set to 300,000 cd / m ^ 2. FIG. 7 shows that the correlation coefficient R is 0.48 when the threshold for high brightness determination is set to 1 million cd / m ^ 2. Here, the correlation coefficient R is the absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the number of times the ball has disappeared and the solid angle of the light emitting surface having a luminance equal to or higher than a set threshold. Further, in the first experiment in which the correlation coefficient R as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is obtained, the threshold for high brightness determination is a value other than 300,000 cd / m ^ 2 and 1,000,000 cd / m ^ 2. Also implemented when set to.

FIG. 8 summarizes the experimental results of the first experiment as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and shows the change of the correlation coefficient R with respect to various high-luminance determination thresholds. In FIG. 8, the horizontal axis represents the luminance of the threshold for high luminance determination, and the vertical axis represents the correlation function R (correlation coefficient with subjective evaluation). According to the experimental results shown in FIG. 8, the correlation coefficient R has a high threshold value for high brightness determination with a value from about 100,000 cd / m ^ 2 to about 300,000 cd / m ^ 2, resulting in high brightness. The value decreases as the threshold for determination becomes larger than about 300,000 cd / m ^ 2. According to the experimental results of the first experiment as described above, the optimum threshold value for the light emitting surface with high luminance is considered to be around 300,000 cd / m ^ 2.

However, the threshold for high brightness determination is set based on various experimental results. From the experimental results of the first experiment, it is assumed that the threshold for high brightness determination is 20,000 cd / m 2 to 2 million cd / m 2. The luminance of the light emitting surface of fluorescent lamps and straight tube LED lamps installed in a general indoor lighting environment is approximately 20,000 cd / m ^ 2, so that the luminance is more than 20,000 cd / m ^ 2. The brightness may be high. When a light emitting surface equal to or higher than the luminance of the light emitting surface of a fluorescent lamp or straight tube LED lamp is used as a high luminance light emitting surface, the threshold for high luminance determination is about 20,000 cd / m ^ 2. In general, it is unlikely that the threshold for high brightness determination is set to a value larger than 2 million cd / m ^ 2. Therefore, it is assumed that the threshold for high brightness determination is 20,000 cd / m 2 to 2 million cd / m 2.

Further, according to the experimental results shown in FIG. 8, the correlation coefficient R decreases in the range of 200,000 to 500,000 cd / m ^ 2. Based on the analysis result of such an experiment, the threshold for high brightness determination may be set in the range of 200,000 to 500,000 cd / m ^ 2.

Next, the second experiment will be described.
The second experiment is an experiment in which a plurality of subjects evaluate the appearance of the ball under a plurality of conditions in order to examine the luminance of the light emitting surface where the ball appears to disappear. The second experiment is one of experiments for setting the luminance of the light emitting surface where the ball disappears, that is, a predetermined luminance as a threshold value for setting the light emitting surface with high luminance.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an experimental apparatus and an experimental environment regarding the second experiment. 10A and 10B are front views of an experimental illumination device as an experimental device. FIG. 10A shows a state in which the experimental illumination device is viewed from the line-of-sight direction when the shutter 76, which will be described later, is closed, and FIG. 10B shows the experimental illumination unit from the line-of-sight direction when the shutter 76 is open. Indicates the state.

First, the configuration of the experimental illumination device used as the experimental device for the second experiment will be described.
The experimental illumination device 70 includes a light source 71, a light emitting surface 72, a diffusion plate 73, a Fresnel lens 74, a mask 75, a shutter 76, a visual target 77, an installation table (desk) 78, a motor 79, and the like. The light source 71, the light emitting surface 72, the diffusing plate 73, the Fresnel lens 74, and the mask 75 are sequentially arranged on the installation table 78 with respect to the line-of-sight direction. The shutter 76 is disposed in front of the mask 75 and the visual target 77 in the line-of-sight direction, and is attached to the shaft of the motor 79 installed on the installation table 78. In addition, the shutter 76 is disposed so that the visual target 77 and the light emitting surface 90 are hidden from the line-of-sight direction in the closed state.

The light source 71 is constituted by an LED. By using an LED as the light source 71, the experimental illumination device 70 can be downsized and the brightness can be easily adjusted. However, the light source 71 only needs to be capable of adjusting the luminance. The light source 71 is connected to a control device such as a PC, and emits light with luminance according to an instruction from the control device. The light emitting surface 72 is a surface that emits light by light from the light source 71. The diffusion plate 73 diffuses the light emitted from the light emitting surface 72. The Fresnel lens 74 irradiates light from the light emitting surface 72 through the diffusion plate 73 in the visual line direction.

The mask 75 defines the size of the light emitting surface 90 observed from the viewing direction. In the second experiment, the mask 75 was designed such that the size of the light emitting surface 90 in the line-of-sight direction was about 0.00006 sr assuming the solid angle of the sun. The visual target 77 is assumed to have a size that assumes the size of the ball that is the actual observation target. In the second experiment, the visual target 77 was assumed to be 0.0000036 sr, assuming the size of a baseball ball about 30 m away.

The shutter 76 is installed to be openable and closable in front of the light emitting surface 90 whose size is defined by the mask 75 in the viewing direction. The shutter 76 is attached to a shaft driven by a motor 79 and is opened and closed by the driving of the motor 79. The shutter 76 completely covers and hides the entire light emitting surface 90 so that the light emitting surface 90 is completely invisible in the viewing direction in the closed state, and the entire light emitting surface 90 is visible from the viewing direction in the opened state. The motor 79 is connected to a control device such as a PC, and opens and closes the shutter 76 by being driven in accordance with an instruction from the control device. In the second experiment, the control device performs control to open the shutter 76 for a predetermined time (1 second) by driving the motor 79.

In the experimental illumination device 70, the average luminance of the light emitting surface 90 (light emitting surface set by the mask 75) observed from the line of sight is 10,000, 30,000, 60,000, 100,000, 300,000, 1 million cd / m ^. 2 is configured so that it can be set to six conditions (brightness conditions). Further, the experimental illumination device 70 has a uniform luminance distribution (average luminance / maximum luminance of about 0.9) regardless of the luminance condition of the light emitting surface 90 set by the mask 75 observed from the line-of-sight direction. Designed to be The experimental illumination device 70 is controlled by a control device such as a PC. The experimental illumination device 70 causes the light emitting surface to emit light under a luminance condition instructed by the control device, and opens and closes the shutter 76 at a timing instructed by the control device.

Next, the experimental environment of the second experiment will be described.
The subject 80 is adjusted so that the line-of-sight position is in the line-of-sight direction shown in FIG. In the second experiment, the distance a between the eye of the subject 80 and the visual target 77 was 7.0 m, and the eye height b of the subject 80 was 1.2 m. The illuminance on the floor surface 81 was about 1500 lx, and the illuminance in front of the subject was about 1000 lx. In addition, a background 82 is provided from the subject 80 to the back side of the experimental illumination device 70 in the line-of-sight direction. The background 82 was black in order to reproduce that the back of the illumination was dark.

Also, a plurality of base lighting fixtures 83 (83a, 83b,..., 83h) are installed above the line-of-sight direction. In the second experiment, each base lighting fixture 83 was a fluorescent lamp, and the height c from the floor 81 was set to 2.6 m. The base lighting fixture in the vicinity of the subject 80 is turned on, and the base lighting fixture on the experimental lighting device 70 side is turned off. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the three base lighting fixtures 83a to 83c on the subject side are turned on, and the five base lighting fixtures 83d to 83h on the experimental lighting device 70 side are turned off. This reproduces that the subject 80 is bright and the illumination is dark.

Next, an experimental procedure performed as the second experiment will be described.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an experimental procedure for individual subjects. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the contents of an experiment conducted on each subject.
The second experiment was performed on 20 subjects. Each subject 80 is accustomed to the experimental environment in the first 5 minutes, as shown in FIG. After adapting to the experimental environment in 5 minutes, the experimental illumination device 70 presents the light emitting surface 90 and the visual target 77 that have been emitted under six luminance conditions for 1 second with a 3-minute break. That is, the experimental illumination device 70 opens the shutter 76 for only one second every three minutes in a state where the light source 71 emits light under one of the six luminance conditions. The time (one second) for presenting the visual target 77 and the light emitting surface 90 is controlled by a control device such as a PC connected to a motor 79 that drives the shutter 76. The test subject alternatively evaluates whether the visual target 77 is visible or not as an observation result in one second under each luminance condition.

Also, light emission under six luminance conditions is presented in any order for each subject. In the second experiment, the light emitting surface 90 and the visual target 77 that were made to emit light under each of the six luminance conditions were presented to each subject in the order shown in FIG. The order of presentation of the light emitting surface 90 and the visual target 77 under each luminance condition was determined by counter-balancing in order to eliminate the order effect as much as possible. In addition, each subject was evaluated only once for each luminance condition.

Next, the experimental results of the second experiment will be described.
FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 13C are diagrams showing evaluation results (experimental results) of how a subject is seen by each subject in the second experiment. FIG. 14 summarizes the experimental results shown in FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C, and the probability that the visual target (ball) appears to disappear with respect to the luminance of the light-emitting surface (the number of times the number of times it appeared to appear). It is a figure which shows (value divided by). According to FIG. 14, when the luminance of the light emitting surface is 10,000 cd / m ^ 2, the ball does not disappear (visible), but when it reaches 30,000 cd / m ^ 2, the probability that it gradually disappears increases. The experimental result showed that it seemed to disappear with a probability of 100% at 10,000 cd / m ^ 2. From the experimental results of the second experiment, it can be said that the ball appears to disappear surely when the light emitting surface having a luminance of 300,000 cd / m ^ 2 or more is used as the background.

In addition, when a luminance of 30,000 cd / m ^ 2 or more and less than 300,000 cd / m ^ 2 is used as a background, it can be said that the ball appears to disappear with a probability of 10% to less than 100%. From these findings, it is considered that the threshold for the luminance of the light emitting surface that the ball appears to disappear should be in the range of 30,000 cd / m ^ 2 to 1 million cd / m ^ 2, particularly 300,000 cd / m. A value of m ^ 2 or more is considered as a threshold value that makes the ball appear to disappear reliably.
Therefore, according to the second experimental result, the predetermined luminance (threshold for determining high luminance) as the threshold value for the high luminance light emitting surface is not less than 30,000 cd / m ^ 2 and not more than one million cd / m ^ 2. It is conceivable to set to From the second experimental result, in particular, in the case where the state where the ball appears to disappear reliably is a high-luminance light-emitting surface, the threshold value for the high-luminance light-emitting surface is about 300,000 cd / m ^ 2. Is considered reasonable.

In the second experiment described above, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, an experiment was performed in which the appearance of the ball was evaluated by opening and closing the shutter 76 without moving the visual target 77 from the light emitting surface 72. . However, as an experiment for setting the brightness of the light emitting surface where the ball appears to disappear, an experiment in which multiple subjects evaluate the appearance of the ball under a plurality of conditions, It may be an experiment to evaluate. For example, in an experiment for evaluating the appearance of the ball, the visual object 77 is passed in front of the light emitting surface 72 without providing the shutter 76 (or the shutter 76 is left open), and a plurality of subjects can see the ball. It may be an experiment that evaluates

Furthermore, when the first experiment and the second experiment described above are evaluated together, the threshold value for determining the high luminance that is defined as the high luminance light emitting surface (the light emitting surface where the ball disappears) is 30,000 cd / m. It is thought that it should be 2 or more and 1 million cd / m 2 or less. Further, according to the first and second experiments, the light emitting surface having a luminance of about 300,000 cd / m ^ 2 or more is such that most people see the ball disappear. For this reason, in order to make the light-emitting surface where most people can see the ball disappear, the light-emitting surface having a high luminance can be set to about 300,000 cd / m ^ 2. Assumed from the first and second experiments.

Note that the threshold for high brightness determination may be set according to the color temperature of the light emitting surface. The first experiment and the second experiment described above are performed under the condition that the color temperature is constant. However, even when the luminance is the same, if the appearance of the object to be viewed varies depending on the color temperature, the color temperature depends on the color temperature. The threshold value of brightness may be set. Of course, in the case of a visual target whose appearance does not vary depending on the color temperature, it is not necessary to set a threshold value for high brightness determination according to the color temperature.
Further, the threshold for high brightness determination may be set according to the background of the light emitting surface. The first experiment and the second experiment described above are performed under the condition that the background is constant. However, the human visual ability may change depending on the brightness and color of the background. It may not be possible to respond instantly. For this reason, the threshold for high brightness determination may be set according to the background of the light emitting surface and the environment of the entire playing field.
In the following description, it is assumed that the threshold for high brightness determination is 300,000 cd / m ^ 2.

Next, the relationship between the size of the high-luminance light emitting surface formed by each projector in the illumination system S and the appearance of the ball will be described.
According to the experimental results shown in FIG. 8, it is considered that the light emitting surface with high luminance (high luminance light emitting surface) has a higher correlation with the difficulty of seeing the ball. That is, in view of the experimental results described above, it can be considered that the high-luminance light-emitting surface is deeply related to the invisibility of the ball, and the ball becomes difficult to see as the high-luminance light-emitting surface increases. The fact that the ball is difficult to see can be said to be difficult to play in a game using the ball. From such knowledge, it can be concluded that the longer the period during which the high-luminance light-emitting surface enters the player's field of view, the harder it is to compete.

FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the high-luminance light-emitting surface and how the ball looks.
As shown in FIG. 15, when the luminous part that feels dazzling (the part where the ball appears to disappear: glare) increases, the effect on the competition increases, and the longer the period during which the ball appears to disappear, the more the ball is lost. The possibility increases. Therefore, if the light-emitting part that feels dazzling is a high-luminance light-emitting surface, an illumination environment in which the high-luminance light-emitting surface has a size that does not significantly affect the competition is desired.

Here, the size (solid angle) of the high-luminance light emitting surface formed by each projector in the illumination system S will be described.
In the present embodiment, the size of the light emitting surface is represented by a solid angle. In general, the solid angle is an index representing the size, and is a value obtained by dividing the area by the square of the distance. The unit of the solid angle is sr (steradian). Note that the size of the light-emitting surface with high luminance may be defined using an index other than the solid angle. The large illuminating device 1 is set such that the high-luminance light emitting surface has a predetermined solid angle or less.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a solid angle of a light emitting surface (high luminance light emitting surface) of 300,000 cd / m ^ 2 or more and a result of subjective evaluation.
FIG. 16 shows that the solid angle of the light emitting surface of 300,000 cd / m 2 or more is larger than that in the case where the first experiment shown in FIG. 5 is performed in the first illumination environment and the first illumination environment (6 .62) shows the result of the same experiment performed in the second illumination environment. According to the experimental results of the first experiment shown in FIG. 16, it is clear that if the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface is increased, it is difficult to see the ball, that is, it is difficult to play. In addition, the inventors have also obtained the result in the representative result shown in FIG. 6 that it is difficult to play a game when a light-emitting surface with a high luminance enters the field of view.

Therefore, the lighting system S according to the present embodiment has a size (a high luminance level) in which the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface that makes it difficult to compete such as a portion where the ball appears to disappear does not significantly affect the competition. It is adjusted (designed) to be equal to or less than the threshold for solid angle. The threshold for a solid angle with a high luminance (solid angle threshold) is a size that allows the ball as a visual target to be visually recognized within a range that does not hinder the player from actually playing the game (or a range that should be allowed). Can be defined. In practice, the threshold of the solid angle may be set in consideration of various conditions according to the stadium environment such as the installation condition of the lighting system, the competition event, or the required illuminance. For example, the threshold of the solid angle is a size corresponding to the movement of the visual target (eg, ball) during the game, a size based on the daytime lighting environment (eg, the size of the sun), or other It is designed based on the size based on the lighting environment by the (conventional) lighting system.

As a first example, the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface has a predetermined time during which a moving ball appears to disappear during a game (a time when a moving body moving at a specific speed cannot be seen by the high-luminance light-emitting surface) You may set so that it may be less than time. As a specific example, considering the speed at which the ball (moving body) freely falls, it is assumed that the distance that the ball moves in 1 second (predetermined time) is 4.9 m. If the distance that the ball moves in one second is 4.9 m, the maximum area that the ball moves in one second is considered to be 4.9 m × 4.9 m. In a large stadium, it is considered that the distance between the athlete in the competition area (competition area) and the light emitting surface is at least 100 m.

If the distance between the competitor and the light emitting surface is 100 m, the solid angle that is 4.9 m × 4.9 m on the light emitting surface is 0.00024 sr. In this case, it is considered that the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface should be less than 0.00024 sr so that the time when the ball cannot be visually recognized is within 1 second. In the large illuminating device 1 in which each projector 2 is adjusted so as to satisfy such a condition (the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface is less than 0.00024 sr), the player can use the high-luminance light-emitting surface for 1 second or longer. During this time, it can be prevented from becoming invisible. As a result, the large illuminating device 1 can provide illumination that can be played comfortably by preventing the ball from becoming invisible for a predetermined time or less by reducing the high-luminance light emitting surface that makes the ball invisible.

Further, as a second example, the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface may be set based on the solid angle of the sun, which is a representative of high luminance as a light source in a daytime outdoor lighting environment. In this case, the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface may be set to be less than the solid angle of the sun (for example, 0.000068 to 0.000070 sr). The lighting system S having the large lighting device 1 in which the projectors 2 are adjusted to be less than a predetermined solid angle with respect to the solid angle of the sun is as comfortable as or better than when playing in the sun. Can provide lighting that can be used in competitions.

As a third example, the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface may be smaller than the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in the existing illumination system. When the projector having another configuration in the existing illumination system (for example, the illumination device having a HID lamp as the light source) is changed to the projector 2 according to the present embodiment, the illumination system S has a solid angle of the light-emitting surface having a high brightness. You may make it become smaller than the solid angle of the high-intensity light emission surface in an illumination system. That is, if the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in the existing illumination system is known, the illumination system S has the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in the illumination environment of the existing illumination system. You may make it adjust (design) each projector 2 so that it may become less. According to such an illumination system, it is possible to provide an illumination environment in which a game can be performed with a comfort equal to or higher than that of an existing system to be compared.

In addition, the actual athlete visually recognizes information related to the competition within the effective field of view. For this reason, the illumination system S may be adjusted (designed) so that the high-luminance light-emitting surface has a predetermined solid angle or less within the effective visual field of the person in the competition area. Here, the effective visual field is a range in which a person gazes at information only by eye movement and can instantly receive specific information from within the noise. In general, the effective visual field is a visual field within about 15 degrees left and right, about 8 degrees above, and about 12 degrees below.
As described above, in the illumination system, each projector 2 is adjusted so that the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface is less than a predetermined threshold value (solid angle threshold value) within the effective visual field. In such an adjustment, the lighting system is configured such that when a person in a competition area directly observes a light emitting surface formed by a plurality of projectors, a high-luminance light emitting surface is within a predetermined three-dimensional range within the effective visual field of the person. Below the corner. Thereby, the lighting system S can provide an illumination environment in which the athlete can comfortably compete.

In addition, it is considered that the lighting pattern on the light-emitting surface having a high luminance has an influence on the appearance of the visual target.
If the trajectory along which the visual target (ball) moves is not always constant, it is difficult to deterministically determine the optimal lighting pattern of the light emitting surface according to the visual target trajectory. However, in practice, depending on the content of the game, the observation position, or the observation direction, the tendency of the trajectory along which the visual target moves may be predicted. In such a case, a lighting pattern on the light emitting surface with high luminance may be designed according to the trajectory along which the visual target moves.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a lighting pattern of a high-luminance light emitting surface.
The

lighting patterns

101a and 101b shown in FIG. 17 are effective lighting patterns when the flyballs to be viewed tend to have relatively the same trajectory. In the

lighting patterns

101a and 101b, a time when the ball and the high-luminance light-emitting surface overlap with each other with respect to the flyball having a large vertical movement with respect to the light-emitting surface shown in the drawing is reduced. For this reason, when the ball tends to move greatly in the vertical direction with respect to the light emitting surface, it is considered that the lighting patterns 101a and 10b are easy to visually recognize the ball as a visual target.

The

lighting patterns

101c, 101d, and 101e shown in FIG. 17 are effective lighting patterns when the flyballs as the objects to be viewed tend to have relatively the same trajectory. In the

lighting patterns

101c, 101d, and 101e, the time when the ball and the high-luminance light-emitting surface overlap with each other with respect to the flyball having a large lateral movement with respect to the light-emitting surface shown in the drawing is reduced. For this reason, when the ball tends to move largely in the lateral direction with respect to the light emitting surface, it is considered that the

lighting patterns

101c, 101d, and 101e are easy to visually recognize the ball as a visual target.

The

lighting patterns

101f, 101g, and 101h shown in FIG. 17 are effective lighting patterns when there is no specific tendency in the trajectory of the flyball as a visual target (when the trajectory is random). In the

lighting patterns

101f, 101g, and 101h, the time in which the balls in the random trajectory overlap with the high-luminance light emitting surface is reduced on average. For this reason, when there is no specific tendency in the trajectory of the ball with respect to the light emitting surface, it is considered that the

lighting patterns

101f, 101g, and 101h can easily recognize the ball as the visual target.

As described above, an illumination device as a plurality of projectors constituting an illumination system uses an LED as a light source, and a reflector of each light source is a reflector. Since the reflector has a function of cutting out leakage light, each projector can be said to be a lighting apparatus with little leakage light. An illumination system configured by a large illuminating device in which a plurality of projectors with little leakage light are arranged easily adjusts the size of a high-luminance light emitting surface by adjusting each projector.

In other words, an illumination system using a plurality of projectors with small leakage light can adjust the luminance of the light emitting surface at various places in the competition area by adjusting the direction of each projector, and the like. It can be adjusted to a predetermined solid angle or less. In addition, an illumination system using a plurality of projectors with small leakage light can finely adjust the luminance of the light emitting surface with high luminance in consideration of the player's effective visual field. In addition, lighting systems that use multiple projectors with low leakage light turn on a light-emitting surface with high brightness so that the visual target can be easily seen in consideration of the tendency of the visual target's movement (ball trajectory) during the competition. It is also possible to design a pattern.
In addition, the light projector with a reflector may have a secondary light emission surface among light emission areas.

Next, another example of the lighting pattern of the high-luminance light emitting surface on the light emitting surface of the large illuminating device 1 will be described.
The lighting pattern of the high-luminance light emitting surface may be adjusted so that it can be observed as a specific pattern (specific information). In other words, the large lighting device 1 displays a specific pattern on the high-luminance light-emitting surface by adjusting the lighting pattern on the high-luminance light-emitting surface as long as it is within a range in which the visibility of the visual target is ensured. May be.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a first example of a specific pattern displayed by the large-sized lighting device 1 as a lighting pattern of a high-luminance light-emitting surface. Moreover, FIG. 19 is a figure which shows the 2nd example of the specific pattern which the large illuminating device 1 displays as a lighting pattern of the high-intensity light emission surface.
However, even when the large lighting device 1 displays a specific pattern by the lighting pattern of the high-luminance light-emitting surface, when the light-emitting surface is directly observed from an arbitrary position in the competition area, the high-luminance light-emitting surface has a predetermined three-dimensional shape. It is assumed that the angle is equal to or less than the angle (that is, within a range in which visibility of a visual target is ensured). That is, in the configuration examples shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, the light emitting surface satisfies the above-described conditions by adjusting the plurality of lighting devices 2 in the large illuminating device 1, and the light emitting surface having a high luminance within the conditions. A specific pattern is formed.

The specific pattern indicated by the distribution of the high-luminance light emitting surface may be any pattern that can be observed at a specific position (for example, a position in front of the light emitting surface). In addition, the specific pattern indicated by the distribution of the high-luminance light emitting surface is not limited to one that can be observed from within the competition area, but may be one that can be observed from outside the competition area (for example, from the audience seats or from outside the competition field). .

Moreover, the specific pattern shown by the lighting pattern of the high-intensity light emission surface may be arbitrary shapes. As a specific example, the specific pattern may be a shape representing a character or a symbol, or a shape representing a logo mark or a figure.
The first example shown in FIG. 18 is an example in which a shape (pattern) in which the distribution of light emitting surfaces with high luminance is “one” is displayed. In addition, the second example shown in FIG. 19 is an example in which the distribution of the high-luminance light emitting surface displays a round shape (pattern).

As described above, the large illuminating device may be adjusted so that the high-luminance light-emitting surface can be observed as a specific pattern. That is, the large illuminating device can display symbols, characters, logo marks, figures, and the like by the distribution of the light emitting surface with high luminance on the light emitting surface. As a result, the large lighting device not only provides a lighting environment that allows athletes to comfortably compete, but also presents information in a specific pattern to the athlete or other person on the high-luminance light-emitting surface. Is also possible.
(Evaluation method of lighting environment)
Next, a lighting environment evaluation method for evaluating the lighting environment by the lighting system S according to the embodiment will be described.
As described above, in the lighting system S, each projector in each large lighting device 1 is designed (adjusted) so that the competition can be performed comfortably. In the lighting system S, it is difficult for a person to look at an actual structure and evaluate the lighting environment such as the size of a solid angle and glare. For this reason, in this embodiment, as an evaluation method for evaluating the illumination environment in the illumination system S, the first evaluation method for evaluating the size of the solid angle and the second evaluation method for evaluating glare are used. provide.

For example, it is desirable that the illumination system S is designed so that the solid angle size and the glare evaluation value are less than the target values in any direction at any observation position on the irradiation surface (competition area). It is. For this reason, the designer or the user needs to evaluate the state of the illumination environment at various places on the irradiation surface. For example, the designer desires to grasp the state of the lighting environment at various places on the irradiation surface by the new lighting system as easily and as fast as possible. In addition, the user often desires to simply or clearly evaluate how the lighting environment of the lighting system differs from other (existing) lighting systems. For this reason, in the embodiment, an evaluation method for easily presenting information for evaluating the illumination environment by the illumination system at various places on the irradiation surface will be described.
(Configuration of evaluation device)
Next, the information processing apparatus (evaluation apparatus) 50 for realizing the evaluation of the illumination environment by the illumination system according to the present embodiment will be described.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the information processing apparatus 50.
The information processing device (evaluation device) 50 performs information processing for evaluating the lighting environment. The information processing apparatus 50 is an evaluation apparatus for realizing the first evaluation method and the second evaluation method. For example, the information processing apparatus 50 performs information processing for evaluating the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high luminance as a first evaluation method for evaluating the illumination environment by the illumination system S. In addition, the information processing apparatus 50 performs information processing for evaluating glare as a second evaluation method for evaluating the lighting environment by the lighting system.

The image input device 40 supplies the information processing device 50 with a luminance distribution image indicating the luminance on the light emitting surface of the large illuminating device 1 in units of pixels. The image input device 40 may be a luminance image measurement device that captures (measures) the light emitting surface of the large illuminating device 1 as a luminance distribution image, or is an electronic computer that generates a luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface by simulation. Also good.

The information processing apparatus 50 is realized by an electronic computer such as a personal computer, for example. The information processing device 50 generates information for evaluating the lighting environment and outputs the generated information to a display device or the like. The information processing apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment emits light with high luminance when observing the light emitting surface formed by each projector 2 from an arbitrary observation position toward an arbitrary direction as information processing for evaluating the illumination environment. It has a function of calculating the solid angle of the surface. Further, the information processing apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment creates a radar chart as information indicating glare evaluation values for each azimuth when the light emitting surface is observed from a given observation position toward a plurality of azimuths. It has a function.

As illustrated in FIG. 20, the information processing apparatus 50 includes a control unit 51, a display unit 52, and an operation unit 53. The control unit 51 functions as a processing unit that executes information processing. The display unit 52 is a display device that displays a processing result by the control unit 51 and the like. For example, the display unit 52 displays a radar chart described later. The operation unit 53 is an operation device that receives an operation input. 20, the control unit 51 includes a processor 61, a RAM 62, a ROM 63, a setting memory 64, a data memory 65, an I / F 66, an I / F 67, an I / F 68, a communication unit 69, and the like.

The processor 61 is a processing unit such as a CPU. The processor 61 implements various processes by executing a program. The RAM 62 is a volatile memory that functions as a working memory or a buffer memory. The ROM 63 is a nonvolatile memory. The ROM 63 stores, for example, a program that controls basic operations of the information processing apparatus 50 and control data.

The setting memory 64 stores setting information. The setting memory 64 is configured by a rewritable nonvolatile memory. For example, the setting memory 64 stores a threshold value (predetermined luminance) for high luminance determination as setting information. Further, the setting memory 64 has a solid angle database 64a indicating solid angles of a high-luminance light emitting surface for each of various angles (vertical angle and horizontal angle) with respect to one projector in order to realize the first evaluation method. . The solid angle database 64a will be described in detail later. The setting memory 64 has a glare value database 64b indicating glare values (described later) at various angles (vertical angle and horizontal angle) with respect to one projector in order to realize the second evaluation method. The glare value database 64b will be described in detail later.

The data memory 65 is a memory for storing data such as image data. The data memory 65 is constituted by a rewritable nonvolatile memory such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid state drive (SSD). The data memory 65 may store a program executed by the processor 61. The setting memory 64 and the data memory 65 may be realized by dividing the storage area in one storage device (for example, HDD or SSD).

The processor 61 implements various processes by executing a program stored in a memory such as the ROM 63 or the data memory 65. That is, in the control unit 51 of the information processing apparatus 50, the processor 61 functions as various processing units by executing programs stored in the ROM 63 or the data memory 65.

The I / F 66 is an interface that acquires a luminance image from the image input device 40. The I / F 66 acquires a luminance image (luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface) indicating the luminance distribution on the light emitting surface formed by the projector 2 constituting the illumination system S. Further, the I / F 66 may acquire information for the information processing apparatus 50 to generate a luminance distribution image. Further, the I / F 66 is a luminance distribution image of a light emitting surface (a luminance distribution image for comparison) by an illumination device of another lighting system for comparison with a luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface formed by the projector 2 constituting the present lighting system. ) May be obtained.

The I / F 67 is an interface connected to the display unit 52. The display unit 52 is a display device such as a liquid crystal display. The display unit 52 displays an image according to control by the processor 61. For example, the processor 61 controls the display unit 52 via the I / F 67 to cause the display unit 52 to display radar charts L1 and L2 described later as information for evaluating the lighting environment by the lighting system S.

The I / F 68 is an interface connected to the operation unit 53. The operation unit 53 is an operation device such as a keyboard, a pointing device, or a touch panel. The operation unit 53 is a device for inputting operation instructions or setting information. For example, the processor 61 acquires a signal indicating an operation instruction or the like input to the operation unit 53 via the I / F 68.
The communication unit 69 is an interface for outputting data to an external device. For example, the processor 61 may output radar charts L1 and L2, which will be described later, to the external device as information for evaluating the lighting environment by the lighting system.
(First evaluation method)
The information processing apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment has a function of providing information for evaluating a solid angle of a light emitting surface with high luminance as a first evaluation method for evaluating an illumination environment for the illumination system S. The information processing apparatus 50 generates the radar chart L1 as information for evaluating the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high luminance as a first evaluation method for evaluating the illumination environment by the illumination system S according to the embodiment. The radar chart L1 is a diagram showing solid angles of a light emitting surface with high brightness in all directions from the observation position of the stadium where the illumination system S is installed. The information processing apparatus 50 creates a radar chart L1 indicating the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in all directions at a plurality of observation positions.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a setting example of a plurality of observation positions (radar chart creation points) where the radar chart L1 is created in the stadium where the illumination system S is installed. FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of the radar chart L1.
As illustrated in FIG. 21, the information processing apparatus 50 creates a plurality of radar charts L1 at a plurality of observation positions including a competition area (irradiation surface). The observation position (creation point) for creating the radar chart L1 may be set at an arbitrary position. For example, the information processing apparatus 50 may create a plurality of radar charts L1 with a plurality of points as a plurality of observation positions when a region including a competition region is divided at a predetermined interval. Also, the information processing apparatus 50. The radar chart L1 is created with a lot of creation points (preparation points with a fine interval) in an area to be finely adjusted, and the radar chart L1 is created with a few creation points (creation points with a coarse interval) in a region where rough adjustment is sufficient. You may create it. Further, the information processing apparatus 50 may create the radar chart L1 at an arbitrary position set in advance.

As shown in FIG. 22, the radar chart L1 displays a chart graph L1a indicating the size of the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each direction from the observation position with the observation position in the competition area as the center. In the chart graph L1a, the distance from the center represents the size of the solid angle. The chart graph L1a is a curve obtained by connecting the solid angles of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each direction. The size of the solid angle of the high luminance light emitting surface in each direction displayed as the chart graph L1a may be calculated by integrating the solid angle of the high luminance light emitting surface by each projector 2 in the illumination system S. You may produce | generate from the luminance distribution image with respect to the light emission surface which the light projector 2 forms. Further, the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each direction may be calculated in the range of the effective visual field of the person toward each direction.

Also, the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface for each projector 2 may be calculated based on information stored in a solid angle database 64a described later and design information indicating the installation position and aiming of each projector 2. Also in this case, the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface with respect to each projector 2 may be calculated in the range of the effective visual field of the person for each direction. A method for creating the radar chart L1 using the solid angle database 64a will be described in detail later.

The radar chart L1 shown in FIG. 22 displays a threshold curve L1b together with the chart graph L1a. The threshold curve L1b is a threshold with respect to the size of the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface (threshold for high-luminance solid angle), and is a preset value. As described above, the threshold for the high-intensity solid angle shown as the threshold curve L1b may be set based on the solid angle of the sun (for example, 0.00068 to 0.00070 sr). It may be set assuming a moving distance. Further, the threshold value for the high-intensity solid angle shown as the threshold curve L1b may not be a constant value for all directions.

FIG. 23A and FIG. 23B are diagrams illustrating examples of radar charts L1 ′ and L1 ″ in the case where thresholds for high-intensity solid angles that differ for each direction are set.
In the example of the radar chart L1 ′ illustrated in FIG. 23A, the threshold curve L1b ′ is a circle whose center is different from the observation position. A threshold curve L1b ′ shown in FIG. 23A is a circle whose center is behind the observation position in the a direction. The threshold curve L1b ′ shown in FIG. 23A is obtained by reducing the threshold for a high-intensity solid angle in the a direction and increasing the threshold for a high-intensity solid angle in the direction opposite to the a direction. It is. Thereby, it is possible to support the adjustment that allows the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high luminance to be small in the a direction, and allows the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high luminance to be large in the direction opposite to the a direction. For example, at an observation position where flyballs often fly from the a direction and flyballs rarely fly from the direction opposite to the a direction, the threshold is set as shown in FIG. 23A. Can be adjusted to make the lighting environment easy to wear.

In the example of the radar chart L1 ″ shown in FIG. 23B, the threshold curve L1b ″ is composed of a semicircle centering on a certain direction (for example, a direction) and a semicircle centering on the opposite direction. . Adjustment that allows the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface to be small in the a direction even with such a threshold, and allows the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface to be large in the direction opposite to the a direction. Can support.
If a threshold value such as the threshold curve L1b ′ in FIG. 23A or the threshold curve L1b ″ in FIG. 29B is set, the flyball often flies from the a direction (or around the a direction), and a It is possible to adjust the lighting environment so that the game is easy to play at the observation position where the flyball is less likely to fly from the opposite direction.
Note that the threshold value for the high-intensity solid angle can be set to an arbitrary value for each direction, and the resulting threshold curve Lb may have an arbitrary shape. For example, the threshold curve Lb may be an ellipse or a polygon such as a triangle or a rectangle.

Next, the solid angle database 64a will be described.
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the solid angle database 64a.
The solid angle database 64a stores information indicating the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface for each of various angles (vertical angle and horizontal angle) in one projector viewed from a certain distance. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 24, the solid angle database 64a indicates the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high luminance when the vertical angle is set to every 10 degrees and the horizontal angle is set to every 10 degrees. The solid angle of a high-luminance light emitting surface in a certain projector can be determined from the solid angle database 64a by the horizontal angle and the vertical angle with respect to the projector. For example, the processor 61 calculates a horizontal angle and a vertical angle with respect to the projector based on a relationship between an installation position and an installation direction of one projector and an observation position, and a high brightness is obtained from the solid angle database 64a using the calculated horizontal angle and vertical angle. The solid angle of the light emitting surface is calculated. The solid angle database is corrected by the distance between the viewpoint and the projector.

In the illumination system S, it is assumed that the installation position and aiming (vertical angle and horizontal angle) of each projector 2 can be acquired as design information. The design information related to each projector 2 may be stored in advance in the setting memory 64 or the data memory 65, may be acquired via the communication unit 69, or may be input via the operation unit 53.
When the illumination system has a plurality of types of projectors, the setting memory 64 may be provided with a solid angle database for each type of projector.

Next, a process for creating the radar chart L1 indicating the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in the illumination system according to the present embodiment will be described.
FIG. 25 is a flowchart for explaining a process of creating the radar chart L1 indicating the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface by the information processing apparatus 50.
In the control unit 51 of the information processing apparatus 50, the processor 61 executes a radar chart L1 creation process by executing a radar chart creation process program stored in a program memory such as the ROM 63 or the data memory 65.
In the process of creating the radar chart L1, the processor 61 first sets information (conditions) for creating the radar chart L1 (step S111). Information (conditions) for creating the radar chart L1 may be information stored in the setting memory 64, information input from an external device through the communication unit 96, or the like. Information based on information input by the unit 53 may be used.

The information (conditions) for creating the radar chart L1 includes, for example, a set value of a creation point (observation position) of the radar chart L1, an angle pitch for calculating a solid angle of a high-luminance light emitting surface, and a viewpoint at the observation position. Information such as the height, the elevation angle of the line of sight, the distance between the viewpoint and the illumination column or the projector. Here, the set values of the creation points of the radar chart L1 are set values n and m (divided with the vertical axis being n and the horizontal axis being m) for dividing the evaluation area (game surface) at equal intervals. Suppose that However, the creation point of the radar chart L1 is not limited to the set value for dividing the region at equal intervals, and can be arbitrarily set.

When the information for creating the radar chart L1 is set, the processor 61 acquires information of the solid angle database 64a indicating the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high luminance (300,000 cd / m ^ 2 or more) in one projector. (Step S112).
Further, the processor 61 acquires information (design information of each projector) such as an installation position and aiming (vertical angle and horizontal angle) related to each projector used for the illumination design of the lighting system to be evaluated (step S113). The processor 61 may read the design information of the projector from the setting memory 64, acquire it from an external device via the communication unit 69, or acquire a value input to the operation unit 53. Also good.

Further, the processor 61 sets the creation points (total number X) of the radar chart L1 based on the set values of the creation points of the radar chart L1 (step S114). When it is set to divide the area to be evaluated into n vertical axes and m horizontal axes, the processor 61 calculates each creation point from the size of the entire area to be evaluated.
FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example in which an area to be evaluated is divided into five vertical axes and five horizontal axes. In the example shown in FIG. 26, the area to be evaluated is divided at equal intervals by five vertical axes and five horizontal axes. In this case, the point where the vertical axis and the horizontal axis intersect is 5 × 5 = 25, and the processor 61 sets 25 points where the vertical axis and the horizontal axis intersect as the creation points of the radar chart L1, The total number of creation points of the radar chart L1 is set to 25 (X = 25).

After setting the creation points of the radar chart L1, the processor 61 executes processing for creating the radar chart L1 in order for each creation point. For example, the processor 61 defines a variable x for specifying a creation point, and initializes the variable x (x = 0) (step S115). After initializing the variable x, the processor 61 increments the variable x (x = x + 1) (step S116).

When the variable x is incremented, the processor 61 performs processing for calculating data for generating the chart graph L1a (solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in each direction) for the x-th creation point (step S117). The processor 61 calculates the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface with respect to the aiming of each projector based on the positional relationship between each projector 2 and the creation point in each set azimuth, and the high-intensity by all the calculated projectors 2. The solid angle of the light emitting surface is integrated. For example, when the angular pitch of the azimuth is 30 ° (azimuth, 0 °, 30 °, 60 °,..., 330 °), the processor 61 sequentially increases the brightness (30 in each projector 2 from the azimuth angle 0 °. The solid angle of the light emitting surface of 10,000 cd / m ^ 2 or more) is calculated, and the solid angle of the light emitting surface having a high luminance of 2 minutes for all projectors is integrated. Further, the processor 61 may calculate the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high brightness within the range of the effective visual field of the person for each direction.

When the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each azimuth is integrated, the processor 61 creates a data table 65a for storing the solid angle for each creation point and azimuth in the data memory 65, and the calculation result (high luminance light-emitting surface The value obtained by integrating the solid angle) is stored in the data table 65a (step S18). The data table 65a for storing the solid angle for each creation point and orientation may be created in a memory such as the RAM 62.

FIG. 27 is an example of the data table 65a. The processor 61 calculates the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in each direction for each set angle pitch for each creation point, and stores the calculated solid angle in the data table 65a. In the example shown in FIG. 27, the data table 65a stores the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each azimuth every 30 ° with respect to 25 creation points. The processor 61 can create a radar chart L1 for each creation point based on the information stored in the data table 65a.

When the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each direction is stored in the data table 65a for the xth creation point, the processor 61 has completed calculation processing for calculating the solid angle for all creation points (x = X). Is determined (step S119). If the calculation process for calculating the solid angle has not been completed for all the created points, the processor 61 returns to step S116 and executes the processes of steps S116-119.

Further, when it is determined that the calculation process for calculating the solid angle is completed for all the creation points (step S119, YES), the processor 61 creates a radar chart L1 for each creation point (step S120). The processor 61 creates a radar chart L1 at each creation point based on the data stored in the data table 65a. The processor 61 creates the chart graph L1a at each creation point based on the data of each orientation at each creation point stored in the data table 65a, and sets the threshold value for the high-intensity solid angle at each creation point. Based on this, a threshold curve L1b is created.

When the radar chart L1 is created, the processor 61 displays the created radar chart L1 on the display unit 52 (step S121). Further, the processor 61 may output the created radar chart L1 to the external device through the communication unit 69.
Note that the processor 61 may not only display the radar chart L1 in the illumination system S but also display it in comparison with the radar chart L1 in another system such as an existing illumination system.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a display example of the created radar chart L1.
FIG. 28 is a display example in which the radar chart L1 indicating the lighting environment by the lighting system to be evaluated is compared with the radar chart of the lighting environment by another lighting system. In the display example shown in FIG. 28, the radar chart L1 in the illumination system S to be evaluated and the radar chart in the conventional system are displayed side by side. Furthermore, in the display example shown in FIG. 28, not only the radar chart L1, but also the luminance distribution image in the direction in which the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface reaches a peak is binarized with a threshold for high-luminance determination. The binarized image is displayed.

According to such a display, the evaluator intuitively recognizes how the size of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in all directions of the illumination system to be evaluated has changed compared to the conventional system by using the radar chart L1. it can. Further, according to the display example shown in FIG. 28, it is also possible to specifically visually recognize the distribution of the high-luminance light emitting surface in the direction in which the size of the high-luminance light emitting surface reaches a peak by the binary image. As a result, it is possible to provide an evaluation tool that can accurately support lighting design and adjustment work.

For example, in the display example shown in FIG. 28, the conventional system is an illumination system (HID environment) in which a projector of an HID lamp is arranged, and the system to be evaluated is an illumination system in which an LED projector whose reflector is a reflector is arranged. In the case of (LED environment), by comparing and displaying both radar charts, the brightness of the LED environment is high (300,000 cd / m ^) regardless of the position on the surface where the competition is performed. It is possible to specifically show that the solid angle of the light emitting surface (2 or more) is small and can be played comfortably.
Further, in the radar chart L1 of the system to be evaluated (LED environment), when the threshold curve L1b is set to the solid angle of the sun (for example, 0.000068 to 0.000070 sr), the chart graph in the radar chart L1 By indicating that L1a is within the threshold curve L1b, it is possible to clearly indicate that the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface is smaller than the solid angle of the sun in any direction, and the competition is more than equivalent to the daytime competition. It can be shown that the lighting environment can be.

According to the above embodiment, when the lighting system is observed in all directions at a specific angle pitch at an arbitrary position in the competition area, the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in all directions is Adjustment (design) is made so as to be less than a predetermined solid angle. Thereby, the lighting system which concerns on embodiment can provide the lighting environment which can perform a game | comfort comfortably irrespective of which direction in a competition area | region.
In addition, the illumination system is designed or adjusted so that the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface is less than a predetermined solid angle within the effective field of view in all directions. Thereby, the lighting system which concerns on embodiment can provide the lighting environment which can compete comfortably in the visual field of the person in a competition area.

In addition, the illumination system is configured such that each projector is an LED projector, and the threshold for a high-intensity solid angle is a solid angle of a high-luminance light emitting surface when each projector is an HID projector, and high-intensity light emission in each direction It is designed or adjusted so that the solid angle of the surface is less than the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high luminance when the HID projector is used. As a result, the illumination system configured with the LED projector can make the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high brightness in each direction smaller than the illumination system configured with the HID projector, and is more comfortable than the illumination system configured with the HID projector. A lighting environment that can be used for competitions can be provided.
In addition, the lighting system is designed so that the threshold for the high-intensity solid angle is the solid angle of the sun, which is a representative of high-intensity, and the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each direction is less than the solid angle of the sun. Or adjusted. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a lighting environment in which a game can be performed with a comfort equal to or higher than that in a case where the game is performed under the sun.

Furthermore, according to said embodiment, in order to evaluate the lighting environment by the illumination system which has arrange | positioned several lighting equipment, information processing apparatus is toward several directions from arbitrary positions in the irradiation surface as a competition area. The solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface, which is equal to or higher than the predetermined luminance when the light-emitting surface of the lighting device is observed, is calculated for each direction of the plurality of directions, and the high-intensity at each direction from the arbitrary position based on the calculation result The information indicating the solid angle of the light emitting surface is displayed on the display unit or output to an external device. Thereby, the evaluator who evaluates the lighting environment can present the information as information for easily recognizing the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each direction, and the lighting environment can be easily designed and adjusted.

Furthermore, the information processing apparatus calculates the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high brightness within the range of the effective visual field for each of the directions. Thereby, the information processing apparatus can present the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in the field of view of the person in the competition area. As a result, it is possible to evaluate a lighting environment in which a player can enjoy a game while paying attention to a person's visual field, and lighting design and adjustment based on the evaluation of such a lighting environment can be performed.

Further, the information processing apparatus refers to a data table indicating the solid angle of a high-luminance light-emitting surface in one lighting device for each of a plurality of vertical angles and a plurality of horizontal angles. The solid angle is calculated. Thereby, the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment can calculate the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high brightness in each direction at high speed. As a result, even when evaluating the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface at a plurality of positions, the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in each direction at each position can be presented at high speed. The lighting environment can be evaluated and design and adjustment based on the evaluation can be performed quickly.
Furthermore, the information processing apparatus displays the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each direction using a radar chart graph. Thereby, the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment can present the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface in each direction as information that can be intuitively recognized. As a result, the evaluator can easily evaluate the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface, and can support design and adjustment based on such evaluation.
(Second evaluation method)
The information processing apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment has a function of providing information for evaluating glare as a second evaluation method for evaluating the lighting environment for the lighting system S. The information processing apparatus 50 calculates the evaluation value of glare as a second evaluation method for evaluating the illumination environment by the illumination system S according to the embodiment. The evaluation value of glare is not an evaluation value that depends only on the size of the high-luminance light-emitting surface determined by one threshold (predetermined threshold), but the appearance of the visual target (ball) according to the luminance of each pixel. It is calculated as an index indicating the difficulty.

Hereinafter, a method of calculating the glare evaluation value for the entire light emitting surface from the luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface will be described.
Here, as an example, a method for calculating the glare evaluation value of the light emitting surface (glare value of the entire light emitting surface) using a function (glare evaluation function) indicating the relationship between luminance and glare evaluation will be described.
FIG. 29A is an example of a first luminance distribution image, and FIG. 29B is an example of a second luminance distribution image. The first and second luminance distribution images are each represented by a total of 9 pixels of 3 × 3, and the luminance of the center pixel is 300,000 cd / m ^ 2. The first luminance distribution image and the second luminance distribution image are different in luminance of each pixel other than the center. In the first luminance distribution image and the second luminance distribution image, if the threshold for high luminance determination is 300,000 cd / m ^ 2, only the central pixel portion is determined to be a high luminance light emitting surface. That is, if the evaluation is performed only with the threshold value for determining the high luminance, the first luminance distribution image and the second luminance distribution image are evaluated in the same manner.

However, as shown in FIG. 14, there are individual differences in how the ball as the visual target is seen. The experimental results shown in FIG. 14 indicate that the ball may be evaluated to appear to disappear even with a luminance of less than 30 cd / m ^ 2. For example, the experimental results shown in FIG. 14 vary depending on individual differences that the ball appears to disappear with a probability of 10% to less than 100% at a luminance of 30,000 cd / m 2 or more and less than 300,000 cd / m 2. A certain glare evaluation result is obtained. In order to reflect such glare evaluation results with individual differences, it is necessary to perform an evaluation based on the relationship between various luminances and glare evaluations, as well as a single threshold value for high luminance determination. There is.

For example, the experimental result shown in FIG. 14 (relation between luminance and glare evaluation) can be expressed by the following relational expression (1) indicating an approximate curve.

The above equation (1) is an S-shaped function that mathematically represents the approximate curve obtained from the experimental results shown in FIG. In Expression (1), x is the luminance, and f (x) is the glare evaluation value (glare value). An expression indicating the relationship between the luminance and the glare evaluation value is referred to as a glare evaluation function. The glare evaluation function of the above formula (1) is a function in which the maximum value of f (x) is “1” and the minimum value is “0”. As “x” as luminance increases, f (x) as a glare value increases. x) increases. Further, according to the glare evaluation function of the above formula (1), the glare value (f (x)) is “about 0.3” when the luminance is “50,000 cd / m 2”, and the luminance “100,000 cd / "approx. 0.7" for m ^ 2; "approx. 0.9" for luminance "200,000 cd / m ^ 2"; "approx. 1" for luminance "300,000 cd / m ^ 2" .

In the present embodiment, the information processing apparatus 50 converts the luminance of each pixel in the luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface into a glare evaluation value based on the glare evaluation function, and calculates a value obtained by integrating the glare evaluation values. It is calculated as the glare value of the entire surface (glare evaluation value for the entire light emitting surface).
For example, FIG. 30A is an example of the glare value obtained from the first luminance distribution image shown in FIG. 29A. FIG. 30B is an example of the glare value obtained from the second luminance distribution image shown in FIG. 29B.

That is, the information processing apparatus 50 converts the luminance of each pixel in the first luminance distribution image shown in FIG. 29A into a glare evaluation value as shown in FIG. 30A using the glare evaluation function. When the glare evaluation value of each pixel in the first luminance distribution image is obtained, the information processing apparatus 50 integrates the glare evaluation values of each pixel. In the example illustrated in FIG. 30A, the information processing apparatus 50 uses 0.9 × 6 + 0.7 × 2 + 1 = 7.8, so that the glare value of the entire first luminance distribution image (the light emitting surface serving as the first luminance distribution image) is obtained. Is calculated as “7.8”.

Further, the information processing apparatus 50 converts the luminance of each pixel in the second luminance distribution image shown in FIG. 29B into a glare evaluation value as shown in FIG. 30B using the glare evaluation function. When the glare evaluation value of each pixel in the second luminance distribution image is obtained, the information processing apparatus 50 integrates the glare evaluation values of each pixel. In the example illustrated in FIG. 30B, the information processing apparatus 50 uses the 0.7 × 6 + 0.3 × 2 + 1 = 5.8, so that the glare value of the entire second luminance distribution image (the light emitting surface serving as the second luminance distribution image) is obtained. Is calculated as “5.8”.

From the calculation results of these glare values, the light emitting surface (light emitting surface evaluated to be difficult to play) having a high probability of hindering the appearance of the ball is more than the light emitting surface that is the second luminance distribution image shown in FIG. 29B. FIG. 29A is also a light emitting surface that becomes the first luminance distribution image shown in FIG. 29A. By calculating such a glare value, it is possible to evaluate an illumination environment by an illumination system in which a plurality of illumination devices are arranged based on an evaluation result including individual differences with respect to each luminance as well as a threshold for determining high luminance. It becomes possible.

The glare evaluation function (S-shaped function) shown in the above formula (1) is obtained from one experimental result, and the glare evaluation function is not limited to the formula (1). That is, the glare evaluation function may be obtained from various experimental results and conditions.
The glare evaluation value for evaluating the entire light emitting surface is a value obtained by integrating the glare values of each pixel obtained by the glare evaluation function, but is the number of pixels obtained by integrating the values obtained by integrating the glare values of each pixel. It is good also as the value which remove | divided. When the value obtained by dividing the glare value of each pixel by the number of pixels is used as the glare evaluation value, for example, in the first luminance distribution image shown in FIG. 29A, the glare evaluation value is “0.87”. The second luminance distribution image shown in FIG. 29B has the glare evaluation value “0.64”.

Next, a radar chart L2 for presenting the above-described glare evaluation value in the second evaluation method will be described.
The information processing apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment has a function of displaying the above-described glare evaluation value on the radar chart L2 in the second evaluation method. The radar chart L2 is a diagram showing glare evaluation values in all directions from an arbitrary observation position in a stadium where the lighting system S is installed. That is, as the second evaluation method, the information processing apparatus 50 creates a radar chart L2 that indicates glare evaluation values in all directions at a plurality of observation positions.

The radar chart L2 indicating the glare evaluation value is generated in the same manner as the radar chart L1 shown in FIGS. 21, 22, 23A, or 23B described in the first evaluation method. Here, FIG. 21 shows an example of setting the creation points of the radar chart L2, and FIG. 22 shows an example of the radar chart L2.
That is, the information processing apparatus 50 creates a plurality of radar charts L at a plurality of observation positions including a competition area (irradiation surface) as shown in FIG. The creation point of the radar chart L2 may be set at an arbitrary position similarly to the creation point of the radar chart L1 described above.

Each radar chart L2 displays a chart graph L2a indicating the evaluation value of glare in each direction from the observation position with the observation position in the competition area as the center, as shown in FIG. In the chart graph L2a, the distance from the center represents the magnitude of the glare evaluation value. The chart graph L2a is a curve obtained by connecting evaluation values of glare in each direction. The evaluation value of the glare in each direction displayed as the chart graph L2a is obtained by converting each pixel of the luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface formed by each projector 2 in each direction into a glare value, and for each pixel in the range to be evaluated. Calculate based on the glare value. Further, the glare evaluation value in each direction may be calculated within the range of the effective visual field of the person toward each direction.

Also, the evaluation value of glare in each direction may be calculated based on the glare value by the light emitting surface of each projector 2 in each direction. The glare value due to the light emitting surface of each projector 2 may be determined based on information stored in a later-described glare value database 64b and design information indicating the installation position and aiming of each projector 2. Also in this case, the glare evaluation value in each direction may be calculated based on the glare value by the light emitting surface of each projector 2 that is within the range of the effective visual field of the person for each direction. A method for creating the radar chart L2 using the glare value database 64b will be described in detail later.

The radar chart L2 displays a target value curve L2b together with the chart graph L2a. The target value curve L2b is a target value for the glare evaluation value, and is a value set in advance according to the experimental results, design conditions, and the like. For example, the target value for the glare evaluation value indicated by the target value curve L2b may be set based on the daytime environment using the sun as a light source, or may be compared with other (conventional) lighting systems or the like. The target value may be set based on the glare evaluation value in the lighting environment.
Further, the target value for the glare evaluation value shown as the target value curve L2b may not be a constant value for all directions. For example, the target value for the evaluation value of glare may be set to be different for each direction as in the radar charts L2 ′ and L2 ″ shown in FIGS. 23 (a) and 23 (b).
The target value curve L2b ′ shown in FIG. 23A decreases the target value for the glare evaluation value in the a direction, and increases the target value for the glare evaluation value in the direction opposite to the a direction as well as in the a direction. This is an example. Accordingly, it is possible to support a design or adjustment that reduces the glare evaluation value in the a direction and allows the glare evaluation value to increase in the direction opposite to the a direction.

Further, the target value curve L2b ″ shown in FIG. 23 (b) is composed of a semicircle centering on a certain direction (for example, a direction) and a semicircle centering on the opposite direction. Even with such a target value, it is possible to support a design or adjustment that allows the target value for the glare evaluation value to be small in the a direction and allows the glare evaluation value to be large in the direction opposite to the a direction. .
If a target value as shown by the target value curve L2b ′ in FIG. 23 (a) or the target value curve L2b ″ in FIG. 23 (b) is set, the flyball flies from the a direction (or around the a direction). It is possible to adjust the lighting environment so that it is easy to play at the competition position where the flyball is often flying from the direction opposite to the direction a and where the flyball is rarely flying.
Note that the target value for the glare evaluation value can be set to an arbitrary value for each direction, and the target value curve L2b as a result may be an arbitrary shape. For example, the target value curve L2b may be an ellipse or a polygon such as a triangle or a rectangle.

Next, the glare value database 64b will be described.
FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the glare value database 64b.
The glare value database 64b stores information indicating the glare value of the light emitting surface for each of various angles (vertical angle and horizontal angle) in one projector viewed from a certain distance. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 31, the glare value database 64b indicates the glare value when the angle in the vertical direction is every 10 degrees and the angle in the horizontal direction is every 10 degrees. The glare value on the light emitting surface of a certain projector can be determined from the glare value database 64b based on the horizontal angle and the vertical angle with respect to the projector. For example, the processor 61 calculates the horizontal angle and the vertical angle with respect to the projector based on the relationship between the installation position and installation direction of one projector and the observation position, and the light emitting surface from the glare value database 64b based on the calculated horizontal angle and vertical angle. The glare value is calculated. The glare value database is corrected by the distance between the viewpoint and the projector.

In the illumination system S, it is assumed that the installation position and aiming (vertical angle and horizontal angle) of each projector 2 can be acquired as design information. The design information related to each projector 2 may be stored in advance in the setting memory 64 or the data memory 65, may be acquired via the communication unit 69, or may be input via the operation unit 53.
When the illumination system has a plurality of types of projectors, the setting memory 64 may be provided with a database of glare values for each type of projector.

Next, a creation process of the radar chart L2 for evaluating glare in the illumination environment by the illumination system S according to the present embodiment will be described.
FIG. 32 is a flowchart for explaining a radar chart L2 creation process by the information processing apparatus 50.
In the control unit 51 of the information processing apparatus 50, the processor 61 executes a radar chart L2 creation process by executing a radar chart creation process program stored in a program memory such as the ROM 63 or the data memory 65.
In the process of creating the radar chart L2, the processor 61 first sets information (conditions) for creating the radar chart L2 (step S211). Information (conditions) for creating the radar chart L2 may be information stored in the setting memory 64, information input from an external device through the communication unit 96, or the like. Information based on information input by the unit 53 may be used.

The information (conditions) for creating the radar chart L2 includes, for example, the setting value of the creation point (observation position) of the radar chart L2, the angle pitch with respect to the direction in which the glare evaluation value is calculated, and the viewpoint height at the observation position. It is information such as the elevation angle of the line of sight, the distance between the viewpoint and the illumination column or the projector. Here, the set values of the creation points of the radar chart L2 are set values n and m (divided with n on the vertical axis and m on the horizontal axis) for dividing the evaluation area (the competition surface) at equal intervals. Suppose that However, the creation point of the radar chart L2 is not limited to the set value for dividing the region at equal intervals, and can be set arbitrarily.

When the information for creating the radar chart L2 is set, the processor 61 acquires information on the glare value database 64b indicating the glare value of the light emitting surface of one projector (step S212).
Further, the processor 61 acquires information (design information of each projector) such as an installation position and aiming (vertical angle and horizontal angle) related to each projector used for illuminance design of the lighting system to be evaluated (step 213). The processor 61 may read the design information of the projector from the setting memory 64, acquire it from an external device via the communication unit 69, or acquire a value input to the operation unit 53. Also good.

Further, the processor 61 sets the creation points (total number X) of the radar chart L2 based on the set values of the creation points of the radar chart L2 (step S214). When it is set to divide the area to be evaluated into n vertical axes and m horizontal axes, the processor 61 calculates each creation point from the size of the entire area to be evaluated.
For example, the area to be evaluated may be an area divided by 5 vertical axes and 5 horizontal axes as shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 26, the point at which the vertical axis and the horizontal axis intersect is 5 × 5 = 25, and the processor 61 creates 25 points at which the vertical axis and the horizontal axis intersect at the creation points of the radar chart L2. And the total number of creation points of the radar chart L2 is set to 25 (X = 25).

After setting the creation points of the radar chart L2, the processor 61 executes processing for creating the radar chart L2 in order for each creation point. For example, the processor 61 defines a variable x for specifying a creation point, and initializes the variable x (x = 0) (step S215). After initializing the variable x, the processor 61 increments the variable x (x = x + 1) (step S216).

When the variable x is incremented, the processor 61 performs a process of calculating data (glare value in each direction) for generating the chart graph L2a for the x-th creation point (step S217). The processor 61 calculates the glare value by the light emitting surface of each projector according to aiming based on the positional relationship between each projector 2 and the creation point in each set azimuth, and glare by the light emitting surfaces of all the calculated projectors 2 Accumulate values. For example, when the azimuth angle pitch is 30 ° (azimuth, 0 °, 30 °, 60 °,..., 330 °), the processor 61 calculates the glare value in each projector 2 in order from the azimuth angle 0 °. Then, the glare evaluation values in all directions are calculated by integrating the glare values of all the projectors 2. The processor 61 may calculate the glare evaluation value in each azimuth by integrating the glare values in the range of the effective visual field of the person for each azimuth.

When the evaluation value of the glare in each azimuth is calculated, the processor 61 creates a data table 65a for storing the glare value for each creation point and azimuth in the data memory 65, and the calculation result (calculation result of the glare value) is stored in the data table 65a. (Step S218). The data table 65a for storing glare evaluation values for each creation point and orientation may be created in a memory such as the RAM 62.

FIG. 33 is an example of the data table 65b. The processor 61 calculates an evaluation value of glare in each azimuth for each set point for each created point, and stores the calculated evaluation value of glare in the data table 65b. In the example shown in FIG. 33, the data table 65b stores glare evaluation values in each direction every 30 ° with respect to 25 created points. The processor 61 can create a radar chart L2 for each creation point based on the information stored in the data table 65b.

When the glare evaluation values at the respective orientations are stored for the xth creation point in the data table 65b, the processor 61 determines whether the calculation processing for calculating the glare evaluation values for all the creation points is completed (x = X). (Step S219). If the calculation process for calculating the glare evaluation values for all the creation points has not been completed, the processor 61 returns to step S216 and executes the processes of steps S216-219.

Further, when it is determined that the calculation processing for calculating the glare evaluation values for all the creation points has been completed (step S219, YES), the processor 61 creates a radar chart L2 for each creation point (step S220). The processor 61 creates a radar chart L2 at each creation point based on the data stored in the data table 65b. The processor 61 creates a chart graph L2a at each creation point based on the data of each orientation at each creation point stored in the data table 65b, and sets the target value based on the target value for the glare evaluation value at each creation point. A curve L2b is created.

When the radar chart L2 is created, the processor 61 displays the created radar chart L2 on the display unit 52 (step S221). Further, the processor 61 may output the created radar chart L2 to an external device through the communication unit 69.
The processor 61 may not only display the radar chart L2 in the lighting system S but also display it in comparison with a radar chart in another system such as an existing lighting system.

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a display example of the created radar chart L2.
FIG. 34 is a display example in which the radar chart L2 indicating the lighting environment by the lighting system to be evaluated is compared with the radar chart of the lighting environment by another lighting system. In the display example shown in FIG. 34, the radar chart L2 in the illumination system S to be evaluated and the radar chart in the conventional system are displayed side by side. Further, in the display example shown in FIG. 34, the information processing apparatus 50 has not only a radar chart indicating the glare evaluation value in each direction but also a peak (maximum solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface) peak (maximum). ) Is displayed on the display device in a color image in which each pixel of the luminance distribution image in the direction of () is displayed in a color corresponding to the evaluation value of glare.

According to such a display, the evaluator can intuitively determine how the glare evaluation value in all directions of the lighting system to be evaluated has changed compared to another system (or a conventional system) using a radar chart. Can be recognized. In addition, according to the display example shown in FIG. 34, the distribution of glare evaluation values can be intuitively recognized by a color image. As a result, it is possible to provide an evaluation tool that can accurately support lighting design and adjustment work.

For example, in the display example shown in FIG. 34, the conventional system is an illumination system (HID environment) in which a projector of an HID lamp is arranged, and the system to be evaluated is an illumination system in which an LED projector whose reflector is a reflector is arranged. Assume that (LED environment). In this case, by comparing and displaying the radar charts of both, it is concretely that the glare evaluation value is small and it can be played comfortably no matter which position on the surface where the LED environment is playing, the light emitting surface of the projector is small. Can be presented.
Further, in the radar chart L2 of the system to be evaluated (LED environment), when the target value curve L2b is set based on the daytime environment using the sun as a light source, the chart graph L2a is the target value in the radar chart L2. By indicating that it is within the curve L2b, it is possible to clearly indicate that the glare evaluation value is smaller than the daytime environment in any direction, and that it is a lighting environment that can compete at least as much as the daytime competition it can.

As described above, according to the embodiment, the information processing apparatus evaluates the lighting environment by the lighting system in which a plurality of lighting devices are arranged, and therefore the light emitting surface of the lighting device from any observation position on the irradiation surface as a competition area. The glare evaluation value is calculated by integrating the glare values of each pixel in the luminance distribution image of the light emitting surface when the light emission surface is observed, and the calculated glare evaluation value is glare when the light emitting surface of the lighting device is observed from the observation position. Is displayed as a value to be evaluated on the display unit or output to an external device. Thereby, the evaluator who evaluates the illumination environment can recognize the glare at the observation position by an objective numerical value, and as a result, the design and adjustment of the illumination environment are facilitated.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment, the information processing apparatus evaluates an illumination environment by an illumination system in which a plurality of illumination devices are arranged, and the illumination device is directed from a plurality of observation positions on an irradiation surface as a competition area toward a plurality of directions. When calculating the glare evaluation value for the light emitting surface in each direction when observing the light emitting surface, and displaying the evaluation value of the glare of the light emitting surface in each direction from the observation position based on the calculation results or Output to external device. Thereby, the evaluator who evaluates the lighting environment can recognize the evaluation value of the glare in each direction as an objective numerical value, and the design and adjustment of the lighting environment are facilitated.

Furthermore, the information processing device calculates the evaluation value of the glare on the light emitting surface within the range of the effective visual field for the light emitting surface in each direction. Thereby, the information processing apparatus can present the evaluation value of the glare of the light emitting surface in the field of view of the person in the competition area. As a result, it is possible to evaluate a lighting environment in which a player can enjoy a game while paying attention to a person's visual field, and lighting design and adjustment based on the evaluation of such a lighting environment can be performed.

Further, the information processing apparatus calculates a glare evaluation value in each direction with reference to a database indicating the glare value of the light emitting surface in one lighting device for each of a plurality of vertical angles and a plurality of horizontal angles. Thereby, the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment can calculate the evaluation value of the glare in each direction at high speed. As a result, even when glare at multiple observation positions is evaluated, glare evaluation values in each orientation at each observation position can be presented at high speed, and the illumination environment at multiple observation positions can be evaluated and evaluated. The design and adjustment based on can be done quickly.
Furthermore, the information processing apparatus displays the glare value of the light emitting surface in each direction using a radar chart graph. Thereby, the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment can present the glare value of the light emitting surface in each direction as information that can be intuitively recognized. As a result, the evaluator can easily evaluate the glare value of the light emitting surface in the stadium (irradiated surface), and can support design and adjustment based on such evaluation.

Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims

A lighting system with an illuminating surface in the stadium,
A plurality of lighting devices having a light emitting surface that emits light from a light source;
The plurality of lighting devices are arranged such that when the light emitting surface is observed from an arbitrary observation position on the irradiation surface, the solid angle of the high luminance light emitting surface that is equal to or higher than the predetermined luminance is less than the predetermined solid angle. The
Lighting system.
The plurality of lighting devices include a reflector that reflects light from the light source,
The lighting system according to claim 1.
The plurality of lighting devices are arranged such that a solid angle of a light emitting surface with high luminance is less than the predetermined solid angle within a range of an effective visual field of a person.
The illumination system according to claim 1.
The predetermined solid angle is set based on the solid angle of the sun,
The illumination system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
The predetermined solid angle is a solid angle at which a time during which a visual target moving at a specific speed cannot be visually recognized by a surface having a high luminance equal to or higher than the predetermined luminance is less than a predetermined time.
The illumination system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
In the plurality of lighting devices, when the light emitting surface is observed from any observation position on the irradiation surface toward a plurality of directions, the solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface that is equal to or higher than the predetermined luminance in all directions is predetermined. It is arranged to be less than the solid angle of
The illumination system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
A lighting environment evaluation method for evaluating a lighting environment by a lighting system in which a plurality of lighting devices having a light emitting surface is arranged,
When the light emitting surface of the lighting device is observed from a certain observation position on the irradiation surface toward a plurality of directions, a solid angle of the light emitting surface having a high luminance that is equal to or higher than a predetermined luminance is calculated for each of the plurality of directions.
Display information indicating the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface for each calculated orientation,
Evaluation method of lighting environment.
The solid angle of the high-luminance light emitting surface is calculated within the range of the effective visual field.
The lighting environment evaluation method according to claim 7.
The solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface is calculated with reference to a database indicating the solid angle of the high-luminance light-emitting surface in each lighting device for each of a plurality of vertical angles and a plurality of horizontal angles.
The lighting environment evaluation method according to claim 7.
The display displays a radar chart graph showing the solid angle of the light emitting surface with high brightness for each direction.
The lighting environment evaluation method according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
A lighting environment evaluation method for evaluating a lighting environment by a lighting system in which a plurality of lighting devices having a light emitting surface is arranged,
The luminance of each pixel in the luminance distribution image when the light emitting surface of the lighting device is observed from a certain observation position toward a certain direction is converted into a glare value based on an evaluation function indicating the relationship between the luminance and the glare value,
Calculating an evaluation value of glare in the azimuth from the observation position based on a glare value of each pixel within the range of the evaluation target in the luminance distribution image;
Evaluation method of lighting environment.
The range to be evaluated is an effective visual field range,
The lighting environment evaluation method according to claim 11.
The glare value refers to a database storing a plurality of vertical angles and a plurality of horizontal angle glare values on the light emitting surface of each lighting device, and each lighting device within the range to be evaluated in the azimuth direction. Is determined for each light emitting surface,
The evaluation value of the glare is calculated based on the glare value of the light emitting surface of each lighting device within the determined evaluation target range,
The lighting environment evaluation method according to claim 11.
Further, the glare evaluation values for the light emitting surfaces in the plurality of directions when the light emitting surface of the lighting device is observed from the observation position toward the plurality of directions, respectively,
Displaying a radar chart graph showing evaluation values of glare in the plurality of directions from the observation position;
The lighting environment evaluation method according to claim 11.
A lighting device comprising a lighting device designed based on the evaluation by the lighting environment evaluation method according to any one of claims 7 to 15.