WO2017041901A1

WO2017041901A1 - Joining or separating method

Info

Publication number: WO2017041901A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/025098
Authority: WO
Inventors: Erwan Dr. SIEWERT; Andreas Dr.TRAUTMAN; Wolfgang Dr. BÜCHELE; Tom Blades
Original assignee: Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2015-09-08
Filing date: 2016-09-08
Publication date: 2017-03-16

Abstract

The present invention relates to a joining or separating method, wherein method-specific data of the joining or separating method is captured by means of at least one sensor, the captured method-specific data of said joining or separating method is evaluated and a display medium and/or a viewing window, which is or are integrated into the protective equipment for a person carrying out the joining or separating method, is or are controlled on the basis of the evaluated method-specific data.

Description

description

Method of joining or separating

The invention relates to a method for joining or separating, wherein

process-specific data of the joining or separation process are detected and wherein the acquired process-specific data are evaluated.

State of the art

Within the joining or separation processes, processes that use an arc as an energy source dominate. Technically very similar methods such as thermal coating, soldering or the generation of structures are often called

referred to as "related processes". Is in the following of a joining or

Separating method spoken, therefore, in addition to the welding and the related methods are included, such as. thermal coating, cutting, soldering, generating structures, etc. As an energy source, in addition to an arc, a laser, a flame or an electron beam can be used, without departing from the scope of the invention. Also to be included are separation methods, such as e.g. laser cutting, plasma cutting and flame cutting.

The person skilled in the art from the prior art different welding methods are known, each of which is particularly suitable for certain welding tasks. For example, Dilthey, U .: An Overview of Welding Production Processes 1: Welding and Cutting Technologies. 3rd edition Heidelberg:

Springer, 2006 or Davies, A.C .: The Science and Practice of Welding. 10th edition

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

In tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding, TIG), an arc burns between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece to be machined. The workpiece is thereby melted. In order to protect the tungsten electrode and the molten bath from oxidation, a suitable protective gas is used which comprises the tungsten electrode and the Melting bath covering. TIG welding typically works in inert, less often in reducing atmospheres.

The W IG process typically achieves very high welding quality. However, these are not arbitrarily automated and allow

in particular compared to the methods explained below only a comparatively low productivity due to the lower welding speed and deposition rate. In gas metal arc welding (MSG, GMAW), the welding torch becomes a wire electrode, which at the same time becomes one

Forms filler metal, fed continuously and melted in an arc. It is also used a protective gas. Depending on the type of

The specialist distinguishes inert gas between metal inert gas welding (MIG) and metal active gas welding (MAG). The basic procedural principles are similar.

Typically, the welding current, the wire electrode, the shielding gas and possibly required cooling water are fed through a hose pack to a MSG burner. MSG processes allow a high welding speed and thus a superior productivity compared to IG-process. The automation of MSG processes is extremely high. A disadvantage of the use of directly heated in the arc, melted and vaporized filler material is the significantly higher emission of particles compared to W IG process. The weld quality achievable with MSG processes is often considered to be lower compared to TIG processes. Special procedures use multiple electrodes. Here, two wire electrodes are most commonly used (tandem welding).

In contrast to the above-mentioned methods, in which the arc burns freely, this is constricted in the likewise known plasma welding process, for which i.d.R. water-cooled copper nozzles are used. This leads to a reduction of the arc cross section. Plasma welding does not work with one

worked off melting electrode. The charge carriers required to form a plasma are supplied by the ionization of an inert plasma gas (argon or mixtures of argon, helium and / or hydrogen). In plasma welding with non-consumable electrode, an arc can be formed within the torch and / or between the torch and the workpiece (so-called "non-transmitted" or "transmitted" arc). A distinction is made between plasma jet welding (WPS, non-transferred arc), plasma arc welding (WPL, transferred

Arc) and combined plasma jet plasma arc welding (WPSL, both non-transferred and transmitted arc).

In so-called plasma MIG welding, a consumable electrode is inserted and a plasma arc is ignited between a plasma gas nozzle and the machined workpiece. The plasma arc is determined by means of a

so-called Fokussiergasdüse and constricted using a corresponding focusing gas. The plasma gas nozzle, the Fokussiergasdüse and the likewise existing protective gas nozzle are arranged coaxially. The like at

Conventional MSG process used melting wire electrode is fed centrally. Both the plasma gas nozzle and the wire electrode are at positive potential and are usually powered by separate power sources. Other examples of hybrid methods combine a laser with a

Arc process.

The above methods give information in the form of emissions, such as emissions. Light, sound, electromagnetic radiation as well as particulate and gaseous substances. These emissions differ considerably in terms of their type and quantity depending on the method used. Furthermore, these processes differ by their type of material transfer and therefore by their dynamic behavior. Thus, for example, the electrode in TIG welding not, so that a very constant arc without significant differences in brightness arises, whereas the electrode in MSG welding at the same time is additional material and melts, so that it e.g. by the material transfer or by short circuits to a highly dynamic arc behavior with very large

Brightness differences come. As a result, the options for observing and regulating the various welding processes are very different. Despite these significant differences in the welding process, identical protective equipment is generally used. For the manual

Arc welding uses welding protection helmets or welding shields that protect the welder from heat, spatter and radiation. Ventilated helmets are increasingly used, but usually only for very specific applications, which reduce the gas and particulate emissions in the breathing area of the user, but also restrict the operator's work. The adjustment and control of the welding process takes place during manual

Welding visually and acoustically based on the experience of the welder. The information content is limited by the performance of the human sense organs. In automated welding processes are mostly data for

Welding current and arc voltage waveform and more rarely obtained by cameras visual information. The information content of this data is greatly limited in frequency, bandwidth, and in the dynamic range, so that it is not or only very limited possible to use this information to draw conclusions about the quality of the welding result. Welding processes must be monitored in order to process parameters, e.g. To be able to adjust the burner orientation or the arc length correctly and to be able to react to changes, so that the required quality of

Welded connection can be guaranteed. In particular, the welder uses "listening", "seeing" and "feeling" in his senses. The scope of our sense organs is limited here. The restrictions concern the recording frequency, the bandwidth (dynamics) and the resolution. For example, the human eye is only sensitive in a wavelength range between approx.

380 nm to 780 nm; Optical radiation of other wavelengths can not from the

People are detected. In addition, it is "only" possible for humans to represent a dynamic range of 10,000: 1 (difference between the brightest and the darkest area in the field of view after adaptation of the eye to the ambient light) with a frequency of about 20 Hz. Welding processes, eg Use arc as an energy source, however, emit optical radiation over a much wider wavelength range than the visible to human light. The dynamics (between the very bright arc and the very much compared to it dark environment) is only partially visible through the human eye. The arc radiation is currently so much attenuated (to protect the eye from intense radiation) that the environment is no longer visible to the welder. Very slow changes and changes with a frequency above 20 Hz are no longer to be registered by humans or not consciously processed. Therefore, it is only possible for humans, one

limited part of the process information for setting or for

Monitoring the welding process to use. The compliance with limit values at the workplace is checked in mostly very complex measurements. The problem here is that the conditions in the workplace are constantly changing. The changes are caused, among other things, by a changing work environment, another component to be welded, a different welding process, different welding parameters or a different body position. In addition, these measurements usually have to be laboriously evaluated in the laboratory and are only available after a few hours to days. The recording of stresses in the breathing area of the welder under production conditions and in "real-time" is currently not possible. The available measuring devices for particulate and gaseous emissions are currently extremely expensive and not or only partially portable. The limits for

Hazardous substances during welding have been drastically reduced in the past. It is foreseeable that this trend will continue so that welding technology and health protection are facing new challenges to solve this problem. Currently, enormous effort is being made to take all possible measures to keep the immission as low as possible for humans. In addition, the effects on the welder are monitored and documented in continuous examinations of the urine and / or the blood.

For gaseous and particulate emissions, humans sometimes have no suitable senses, resp. The body responds here only when damage has already occurred (irritation of the respiratory tract / mucous membranes, fever, etc.). Even with the very concentrated radiation emissions of a laser, the body usually can not react in time before it starts to damage. Even in automated applications sensors are often used, which were developed with the aim to map the characteristics of our sensory organs as well as possible. Thus, these sensors usually can not provide more or not much more information than the human would sense with his own sense organs. In some cases, these sensors are even inferior to human sense organs (eg, the dynamic range of radiation intensity in common CCD and CMOS cameras is often only 1: 1000).

In summary, it should be noted that only very limited areas of visual information in dynamics, frequency and resolution are used by the welder. It is an object of the present invention to improve this circumstance.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION This object is achieved by a method for joining or separating with the features of patent claim 1.

According to the method-specific data in a

Wavelength interval detected with a maximum width of 20 nm. The collected process-specific data are evaluated and based on the

Evaluated process-specific data is a display medium and / or a viewing window, which is integrated in each case in a protective equipment for the joining or separation process performing person, driven. Alternatively or additionally, the evaluated process-specific data can at least partly be used to control the process.

In the joining or separation process information in particular in the form of emissions, such as light, sound, electromagnetic radiation and particulate and gaseous substances discharged. These emitted information or emissions are detected in a narrow wavelength range, for example by means of a sensor, and corresponding measured values of this information or emissions, eg an intensity, are detected as process-specific data. Particularly preferably, light emissions or electromagnetic radiation are detected with the sensors and data which characterize these light emissions or these electromagnetic radiation are detected as process-specific data. According to the invention, the process-specific data are recorded in a narrow wavelength interval with a maximum width of 20 nm. The

Wavelength interval is specifically chosen so that critical emissions or information lie in the wavelength interval. For example, that will

Wavelength interval so that the optical emission line of a toxic substance is within the chosen interval. Due to the narrow wavelength interval, the continuous spectrum of the other light emissions or the line radiation of other substances, for example an arc during welding, is essentially masked out. In this way, even low intensities can be measured, which otherwise go down in the broad spectrum. The sensitivity is increased considerably. In the above example, even small amounts of the toxic substance can be detected and appropriate countermeasures taken to protect the welder. The invention thus allows rapid detection of particles or vapors that occur during the joining or separation process, even if they occur only in very low concentrations.

According to the invention, signals from the welding process, which are detected only by very expensive sensors or which can only be determined with a time delay (e.g.

Emissions that need to be collected and collected and evaluated in the laboratory), together with the narrow band filtered optical signals of the toxic substances, subsequently creating correlations between these difficult-to-capture data and easy-to-capture data. Laboratory data on critical information, such as CrVI, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, and similar materials / elements, is correlated with the information from the other sensors so that future emissions can be determined from other sensor signals. The invention can thus be used as a "self-learning" system. Individualization of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to specific, personal requirements of employees due to previous illness, age or other personal indications is thus easily possible. It can be achieved an improvement in health protection, since all emissions (including particulate and gaseous substances, radiation, noise, etc.) are constantly monitored, or difficult-to-determine emissions from the

Signals of other emissions are derived. When exceeding Occupational exposure limits warnings are issued and remedial action taken.

Under a (personal) protective equipment is under the present

Invention to understand a body worn personal protective equipment, such as e.g. a protective helmet (also referred to below as a helmet for short)

Protective shield, goggles, protective gloves or protective suit. Thus, the eyes, the respiratory tract, the ears, the face and / or the skin of the person carrying out the method should be protected against harmful influences of the joining or separating process with full or partial protection.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, process-specific data are recorded in multiple wavelength intervals with a maximum width of 20 nm, related to each other and evaluated.

For example, first process-specific data becomes a first one

Wavelength interval with a maximum width of 20 nm and second

detected process-specific data in a second wavelength interval with a maximum width of 20 nm. The first and the second wavelength interval are different from each other, that is, they do not overlap. The first

process-specific data and the second process-specific data are then related to each other and evaluated. Based on the evaluated process-specific data, a display medium and / or a viewing window, which is integrated in each case in a protective equipment for a person performing the joining or separation procedure, driven.

Certain measured values, for example the intensity, of two or more spectral lines are detected and the measured values are correlated with one another. From the measured values and their correlation with each other, certain

Properties of the examined joining or separation method can be determined. For example, it is possible to determine from the intensity of two spectral lines of an arc

Conclusions on the temperature profile in the arc pull, for example about the ratio of integrated intensity over the narrow wavelength range. By the

Change of this ratio as well as a temporal analysis of the

Variations can also be concluded on the quality of the joint connection. It has also proved to be advantageous to store the acquired process-specific data and / or the evaluated process-specific data at least partially on a storage medium, in particular on a network (cloud) connected via a network, or with the aid of a storage medium, in particular on a storage medium via a network connected storage (cloud), stored target data to evaluate.

The acquired process-specific data are made available for example via a cable or via a wireless connection to a processor or a computing unit with a working memory as input data. For example, the acquired process-specific data can be evaluated via an algorithm stored in the main memory and output data can be generated. This generated output data can be used at least in part to control the display medium and / or the viewing window.

The personal protective equipment may also include a transmitting and receiving unit, e.g. WLAN or Bluetooth or other data transmission techniques. Thus, the process-specific data and / or the output data can be transferred between a processor, a computing unit or a memory and the protective equipment. Display medium and / or viewing window can thus be controlled via the transmitting and receiving unit according to the output data from the processor or the computing unit. This transmitting and receiving unit is particularly advantageous on the belt of the welder to minimize the radiation exposure at the head of the welder.

In the context of the invention, the viewing window, which is integrated into the protective equipment for the person performing the joining or separation process person, based on the evaluated process-specific data is controlled such that harmful radiation exposures for the joining or separation procedure performing person can be avoided. Alternatively or additionally, according to the invention

Display medium, which in the protective equipment for the joining or

Separating method performing person is integrated, so controlled that an information content on the joining or separation process for the joining or separating procedure performing (and this considering) person is increased. Not only can the operator be protected by the invention, but he also receives selectively selected and edited information from a much wider range of information. The invention makes it possible to increase the visual information content and to avoid harmful radiation exposures during welding, in particular by the local as well as the wavelength-dependent amplification or attenuation of radiation intensities or also by a combination of different image reproduction frequencies. The ones from

Welding process (electromagnetic radiation) is detected in one or more narrow wavelength intervals and passed through a field of view (the viewing window) of the helmet and / or displayed on the display medium.

In the course of the evaluation of the acquired process-specific data, information which processes the joining or separating carried out is preferably obtained

describe, visualized. This visualized information will be on the

Display medium shown. For example, emission data which describe emissions arising during the welding process can thus be visualized and made available to the person performing the joining or separating process. Other information may also be displayed and / or superimposed, e.g. Information from the power source or gas cylinder.

The visualized information is preferred on a display (e.g., LCD) in a helmet of protective equipment and / or goggles

Protective equipment, which can optionally be worn by the welder in combination with a helmet. The visualized information can also be displayed by projection at a remote location.

Advantageously, a radiation intensity is detected as process-specific data, wherein the detected radiation intensity in the course of the evaluation with

Limits compared and based on this comparison, a transmittance of the viewing window in response to the evaluated radiation intensity is changed. The avoidance of harmful radiation exposures can thus be achieved by comparing the current radiation intensities with the limits of the electromagnetic radiation (in particular the UV radiation) in situ and the transmittance of the viewing window in the helmet is adjusted according to the intensity of the incident electromagnetic radiation. For determining the current radiation, for example, cameras or diodes are used. In particular, the maximum transmission value is thereby limited, which means that it can not be set manually too high (as was previously possible according to the prior art). The information content and harmful radiation exposure are achieved particularly advantageously by regulating the degree of transmission and / or by changing the wavelength transmission interval. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the process-specific data of the joining or separation process are detected by at least two sensors. A distance between the at least two sensors is selected as a function of a desired spatial resolution and / or a spatial representation of the process-specific data. The information content or visualized information is thus enhanced through the use of two or more sensors to provide suitable local resolution

To ensure emission information. By means of at least two sensors, which are located at a defined distance, objects (for example the arc) can be reconstructed three-dimensionally. In this case, the distance between the two or more sensors can be increased in order to improve the three-dimensional representation of the information. In addition, depth information can be obtained (for example, about the depth of the molten bath and thus the penetration).

It can also be used only a sensor, which is preferably designed as a flat sensor. The process-specific information is divided, for example, via a beam splitter or a prism, passed over at least two filters with a maximum bandwidth of 20 nm and displayed on the one sensor as separate images or superimposed. Two or more than two sensors can advantageously serve the redundancy and thus the security. Spatially resolved data can be created, allowing geometric data to be acquired, eg by triangulation (eg 2, 3 or 4 sensors for 2 or 3-dimensional triangulation or fringe projection). Furthermore, statistical analysis can be carried out with particular advantage if a large number of sensors required for this purpose is used. Particularly preferably, the process-specific data of the joining or separation process are detected with at least two sensors, each of the at least two sensors each having a different spectral sensitivity. The information content or the visualized information is thereby improved. By using multiple sensors that have a different

wavelength-dependent sensitivity, e.g. also the melt, the component and the finished weld are perceived. The very bright arc can be attenuated accordingly. Only the important information located in the selected wavelength interval (s) is amplified so that more information can be gained.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, measured values of physical quantities are detected by the at least one sensor as process-specific data, which are at least partly from the human eye, hearing or

Sense of smell are imperceptible. These process-specific data are presented visually to the person performing the joining or separating process via the display medium. For example, the process-specific data in the course of the evaluation in perceptible to the human eye or hearing

Output data are converted and displayed visually via the display medium. For this purpose, advantageously sensors are used whose

Detection range (frequency, resolution, dynamics, measuring range)

Range of human sense organs. Man has a given sensitivity for different things

Wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic radiation (sensitivity curve), which however does not necessarily coincide with the information-rich wavelength ranges of a welding process. Due to the transmission of only certain wavelength ranges or through the gain information rich

Wavelength ranges make it possible to have particularly important properties

clarify or reduce less important information or completely hide it. The heat radiation of the electrodes (molten bath and torch-side tungsten or wire electrode) is especially at lower temperatures (for example, in the already solidified weld or in the molten bath of

low-melting metals) in the longer wavelength range and is therefore not or only badly recognized by the human eye. By means of the invention, corresponding information can nevertheless be provided by the joining or separating method

person to be provided. According to the invention, radiation emitted by the joining or separating method is filtered as a function of wavelength and / or location and detected as process-specific data. The light emissions are in one or more narrow

Wavelength intervals recorded. In the case of metal vapor-dominated plasma processes (in particular iron plasmas), the wavelength interval in which emissions are detected is preferably set at a wavelength of 81 1 nm, particularly preferably symmetrically around a wavelength of 81 1 nm. For aluminum, the substances of importance, which have a lower evaporation temperature or a lower vapor pressure, such as manganese or silicon. Manganese has a particularly strong line emission at e.g. 516.7 nm and 448.1 nm. In particular, the line radiation of the corresponding element of importance, which can get into the arc by the protective gas, the ambient air or the electrodes. This spectrally selective information has relevance for health protection, for the path of current flow, for the

Plasma composition and for the plasma temperature. The latter three quantities (path of current flow, plasma composition, plasma temperature) are important for the penetration and the energy input. Accordingly, in methods for joining or separating aluminum or aluminum-containing materials, it is advantageous to select the wavelength interval (s) such that one or more

Emission lines of silicon and / or manganese are detected. From the acquired information, for example, plasma temperature images or images of the melt bath temperature can be displayed. It is possible to calculate emissions from the data. Also a location-dependent application of different

Transfer functions (e.g., driving the exposure time of individual

Pixels) is conceivable. In inert gas plasmas, even the turbulence or the diffusion of atmospheric or ambient gases surrounding the process can be detected and thus closed on the quality of the protective gas cover.

By the invention, the radiation of the joining or separation process

spectrally selectively recorded and evaluated and only certain spectral Areas (wavelengths) can be displayed to the person performing the joining or cutting process. This data contains much more detailed information than the intensities averaged over the entire wavelength range. Preferably, in the course of the evaluation, partial data of the detected

process-specific data which describe, attenuated or amplified predetermined spatial regions of the joining or separating process. Of the

Information content or the visualized information is thus improved by locally attenuating or amplifying the image information of the sensors. This process can be done by software or implemented directly in the camera or the sensor.

Preferably, the visualized information is displayed on the display medium by highlighting contours, for example by fading colored bars or curves.

Advantageously, in the course of the visualization of the information describing the joining or separating process, a time-lapse representation of the information is created, a false-color image is created and / or a picture-in-picture representation of the

Information created. Information with a very high temporal dynamics is recorded, but reproduced in a frequency that allows humans to process this information (time-lapse). So you can record data in a very high frequency and restore the operator as a time lapse (for example, time-lapse image in the original image). The same applies to the dynamic range: information can be recorded to a large extent and displayed to the welder, for example, as a false color image. The visualization of these time lapse recordings or of this dynamic recording is conceivable as a second picture in the original picture. The detection range (eg wavelength) or the dynamic range can also be detected in a wide range and normalized in the human-detectable range. Examples of a picture-in-picture display are the superimposition of a spectrally filtered picture, a temperature plot or a time-lapse picture. The latter allows the welder or the person performing the joining or separating process to assess shorts, splashes and the drop geometry (shape and size). Preferably, the acquired and / or evaluated process-specific data are stored at least partially in a storage medium. The data can thus be used to document the quality of the joint connection.

Optionally, the acquired raw data can be processed in advance or sent to another arithmetic unit to be stored and / or evaluated there. Possibly. can also use the data automatic

Measures are taken, e.g. via the control of the power source or other peripherals, to a consistent quality even with a

To be able to ensure a change in the boundary conditions. The data is preferably stored in the storage medium or compared with information that is present in this storage medium. The medium can also be a cloud.

According to a preferred embodiment, CCD sensors, CMOS sensors, high dynamic range cameras and / or photodiodes are used as sensors or "high dynamic range" sensors. High dynamic range sensors or cameras are understood to mean sensors or cameras having a dynamic range of more than 10,000: 1, more than 50,000: 1 or more than 100,000: 1, i. capture and store brightness differences greater than 10000: 1, greater than 50,000: 1, and greater than 100,000: 1, respectively. The signal from the sensors can also be used to control the exposure time of the cameras or diodes used to allow optimal adaptation to the radiation intensities. To compensate for even greater differences in brightness, additional apertures or dimmable filter discs can be used.

Advantageously, the at least one sensor on a goggles, a helmet, a protective shield and / or on the body of the joining or separating process

by implementing person or on a burner used for this purpose or on a positioning device used for this purpose (welding portal, robot, turntable, etc.). Preferably, the sensors can be arranged on the protective equipment or in the room. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, a camera is used as a sensor, which is positioned so that it receives the arc of a welding process from close range. The invention has the advantage that the light emissions of the joining or separation process are detected directly and directly at the point of origin and that the information obtained and the information processed (amplified, filtered,

attenuated) can be directly visualized by the proximity to the sensory organs of man, without distracting the welder from his task.

By recording the light emissions of the joining or separation process as well as by filtering, amplifying and attenuating, the following improvements result: the quality of the joining or separation process can be increased; the

Quality control can be increased and thus the control effort (rework) can be reduced; Information densities can be increased by extending the detectable frequency, coverage, and resolution, as well as selectively selecting and combining important information, thereby simplifying the handling and operability of the joining or separating process; the material transition (in particular with frequencies up to over 200 Hz) can be reproduced in time.

The invention and further advantageous details of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the schematic figures. Show here

Figure 1 shows the spectrum of an arc, from the two narrow

Wavelength intervals are filtered out and measured,

FIG. 2 shows a first variant according to the invention for recording measured values, FIG. 3 shows a second variant according to the invention for recording measured values,

FIG. 4 a shows an example for determining a specific correlation and

FIG. 4b shows the use of the correlation determined in FIG

subsequent welding process.

Figure 1 shows schematically the spectrum 1 1 of an arc that arises during welding. In the spectrum 1 1, for example, the spectral lines 12a, 12b of aluminum at 309 nm and 396 nm can be seen. From this spectrum 1 1 according to the invention two narrow wavelength intervals 13 a, 13 b with suitable filters 14a, 14b filtered out and the intensities in each of the two

Wavelength intervals 13a, 13b measured.

The measured values are fed to a computing unit 15 which generates output data from the measured values and previously stored data which are displayed to the welder in a display medium 16, for example a viewing window.

FIG. 2 shows a first variant for recording measured values. In this case, two or more sensors 22a, 22b are used, which via suitable filters 24a, 24b each only a narrow wavelength range of the spectrum 21 of a

Pick up the arc. The measured values are then supplied to the arithmetic unit 25.

Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment in which a single large area sensor 32 is used. The radiation 31 of the arc is over a

Beam splitter 33 or a prism directed to two different filters 34a, 34b, which each filter out a certain wavelength interval. The two beams emerging from the filters 34a, 34b are then brought together and superimposed on the one sensor 32. The measured value determined with the sensor 32 is then in turn supplied to a computing unit 35.

FIG. 4 a shows a method in which, in a first step, two variables characterizing the welding process are measured and their correlation determined. In the present example, the intensity of the metal vapor in a certain wavelength range is determined via a filter 44 and a corresponding sensor.

In addition, the total amount of smoke is determined via a second measurement 46. Both measured values are fed to a computing unit 45 in order to determine the correlation 47 between these measured values, that is to say between the intensity of the metal vapor and the total amount of smoke. The determined or calculated correlation is stored in the arithmetic unit 45 or a memory connected to the arithmetic unit 45.

In the later execution of the welding process, it is then sufficient to determine only the intensity of the metal vapor and to determine the total amount of smoke via the previously determined correlation. This is shown schematically in FIG. 4b. During the welding process, the intensity of the metal vapor is determined in the same wavelength interval, which was selected in the method according to FIG. 4a. The measured value for the intensity of the metal vapor becomes one

Arithmetic unit 45 is supplied. The computing unit 45 then calculates the total amount of smoke from the intensity of the metal vapor and the previously determined correlation 47.

Claims

claims

1 . Method of joining or separating,

- In which process-specific data of the joining or separation process are detected and wherein the acquired process-specific data are evaluated, wherein

the process-specific data are detected in a wavelength interval with a maximum width of 20 nm and

- based on the evaluated process-specific data

Display medium and / or a viewing window is driven or that the evaluated process-specific data are at least partially used to control the method, characterized in that first process-specific data in a first wavelength interval are detected with a maximum width of 20 nm,

that second process-specific data in a second

Wavelength interval can be detected with a maximum width of 20 nm, wherein the first and the second wavelength interval do not overlap that the first process-specific data and the second

process-specific data can be related to each other and evaluated and

- That based on the evaluated process-specific data, a display medium and / or a viewing window, each in a

Protective equipment for a person performing the joining or separation process is integrated, is controlled. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein

the acquired process-specific data and / or the evaluated process-specific data are stored at least partially on a storage medium, in particular on a storage (cloud) connected via a network, or with the aid of storage (cloud) connected to a storage medium, in particular on a network connected via a network, deposited nominal data are evaluated.

A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein based on the evaluated process specific data the

Inspection window is controlled such that harmful radiation exposure is avoided for performing the joining or separation process person and / or that

- The display medium is controlled such that an information content on the joining or separation process for the person performing the joining or separation process is increased.

The method of claim 1 to 3, wherein in the course of the evaluation of the acquired process-specific data information which describe the performed joining or separation process, visualized and visualized

Information can be displayed on the display medium.

A method according to claim 4, wherein the visualized information is displayed on a display in a helmet of the protective equipment and / or on goggles of the protective equipment.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a

Radiation intensity is detected as process-specific data, wherein the detected radiation intensity is compared in the course of evaluation with limit values and based on this comparison, a transmittance of the viewing window is changed depending on the evaluated radiation intensity.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

process-specific data of the joining or separation method are detected with at least two sensors and wherein a distance of the at least two sensors to each other depending on a desired spatial resolution and / or a spatial representation of the process-specific data is selected.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein measured values of physical quantities as process-specific data of the joining or

Separation method are detected, which are at least partially imperceptible to the human eye, hearing or smell, and these process-specific data of the person performing the joining or separation process visually displayed on the display medium.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the course of

Evaluation of partial data of the acquired process-specific data which describe predetermined spatial areas of the joining or separation process, attenuated or amplified.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, as far as referring back to claim 5, wherein in the course of the visualization of the information describing the joining or separating method,

create a timelapse representation of the information

a false color image is created and / or

a picture-in-picture representation of the information is created.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a CCD sensor, a CMOS sensor, a high dynamic range camera and / or a photodiode for detecting the process-specific data are used. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a sensor for

Detecting the process-specific data is used, and wherein the sensor on a goggles, a helmet, a protective shield and / or on the body of the person performing the joining or separation process person or on a burner used for this purpose or on a used for this purpose

Positioning device is arranged.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein optical filters having a fixed transmission curve (e.g., bandpass or interference filters) or tunable transmissivity (transmittance) are employed.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detected process-specific data with stored data, which were previously detected in another joining or separation method, correlated, the stored data are corrected based on the correlation and the corrected data again get saved.