WO2017032321A1 - 自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉 - Google Patents

自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017032321A1
WO2017032321A1 PCT/CN2016/096675 CN2016096675W WO2017032321A1 WO 2017032321 A1 WO2017032321 A1 WO 2017032321A1 CN 2016096675 W CN2016096675 W CN 2016096675W WO 2017032321 A1 WO2017032321 A1 WO 2017032321A1
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Prior art keywords
tar
dust
gasification furnace
outlet
injection pump
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PCT/CN2016/096675
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
傅敏燕
丁烙勇
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上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2017032321A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017032321A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coal treatment, in particular to an environmentally friendly gasification furnace for self-treatment of dust-containing tar.
  • coal gasification devices are commonly used to gasify coal-containing solid fuels such as coal, plastic, garbage, old paper, and the like to generate gas.
  • the fixed bed gasifier is a coal gasification unit that converts bulk solid carbon-containing fuel into crude gas by using carbon dioxide/steam and oxygen as gasification agents. Due to mature and reliable technology, less one-time investment and low operating cost, construction The cycle is short and is widely used at home and abroad.
  • the fixed bed gasification furnace has the function of dry distillation, which causes the oil in the coal, such as dusty tar, to be taken out of the gasifier along with the crude gas. Since the zero discharge requirement is required, the dust tar treatment cost is very high. High, greatly reducing the profits of production companies. Therefore, many enterprises will directly discharge the dusty tar after the crude gas produced by the fixed bed gasifier is washed and cooled by the subsequent system, waste heat recovery, decompression expansion and physical separation, and the adsorption of dust such as fine coal powder. It is very good in nature, and has a large amount of dust and a small tar content.
  • the dust-containing tar formed is between solid and liquid, has a large viscosity, and has poor fluidity, which is difficult to handle, and causes great pollution and affects people's lives.
  • the invention provides an environmentally-friendly gasification furnace for self-treatment of dust-containing tar, so as to solve the problem that the dust-containing tar discharged through the fixed-bed gasification furnace is difficult to handle and causes great pollution.
  • the invention provides an environmentally friendly gasification furnace for self-treating dust-containing tar, wherein the gasification furnace is provided with a plurality of nozzles, wherein the gasification furnace further comprises a tar tank, a homogenizer and a first tar injection a pump for collecting dust-containing tar comprising an entire gasification system of the gasifier; the homogenizer being coupled to an outlet of the tar tank for grinding the dust-containing tar and a stirring process; an inlet of the first tar jet pump is coupled to the homogenizer, and an outlet is coupled to at least one of the nozzles for injecting the dust-containing tar into the gasifier through the at least one nozzle .
  • the gas The furnace is a fixed bed gasifier.
  • the at least one nozzle is provided with at least two passages, wherein the first passage is for injecting a gasifying agent, and the second passage is for injecting The dusty tar.
  • the gasification furnace further includes a crusher, an inlet of the crusher is connected to an outlet of the tar tank, and an outlet of the crusher Connected to the inlet of the homogenizer for crushing large particulate solids that may be mixed in the dust-containing tar.
  • the gasification furnace further includes a stirring tank and a second tar jet pump, and an outlet of the first tar jet pump and the stirring tank
  • An inlet connection, an outlet of the agitation tank is connected to an inlet of the second tar injection pump, an outlet of the second tar injection pump is connected to the at least one nozzle, and an inlet of the agitation tank is also associated with light oil
  • the output line port and/or the first output line port of the dispersant are connected.
  • a first control valve is further disposed between the outlet of the first tar injection pump and the inlet of the agitation tank, and the first tar
  • a second control valve is further disposed between the outlet of the jet pump and the outlet of the second tar injection pump, the first control valve being in parallel relationship with the second control valve.
  • the agitation tank is further provided with a pipeline connected to the torch for escaping the dust-containing tar in the agitation tank, The released exhaust gas is subjected to combustion treatment.
  • the gasification furnace further includes a mixing tank and a third tar jet pump, an outlet of the second tar jet pump and the mixing tank
  • An inlet connection an outlet of the mixing tank is connected to an inlet of the third tar injection pump, an outlet of the third tar injection pump is connected to the at least one nozzle, and an inlet of the mixing tank is also separately connected with pulverized coal
  • the output line port is connected to the second output line port of the dispersant.
  • a third control valve is further disposed between the outlet of the second tar injection pump and the inlet of the mixing tank, and the second tar
  • a fourth control valve is further disposed between the outlet of the jet pump and the outlet of the third tar injection pump, and the third control valve is in parallel relationship with the fourth control valve.
  • the first An outlet of a tar jet pump is further connected to an inlet of the tar tank to form a first tar circulation loop, and a fifth control valve is further disposed on the first tar circulation loop; and/or the second tar jet pump
  • the outlet is also connected to the inlet of the agitation tank to form a second tar circulation loop, and the second tar circulation loop is further provided with a sixth control valve; and/or the outlet of the third tar jet pump is also
  • the inlet of the mixing tank is connected to form a third tar circulation loop, and the third tar circulation loop is further provided with a seventh control valve.
  • any two or three of the tar tank, the stirring tank and the mixing tank are combined into one; Any two or three of a tar jet pump, the second tar jet pump, and the third tar jet pump are combined into one.
  • the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmental protection gasification furnace of the invention can adopt the tar tank, the homogenizer and the first tar injection pump, and can spray the dusty tar of the gasification system into the gasification furnace to participate in combustion to realize self-treatment, and simultaneously The recycling of dust-containing tar is realized, which effectively solves the pollution problem caused by directly discharging dusty tar or not discharging the standard in the prior art. Meanwhile, in the present invention, by recovering the dust-containing tar into the gasification furnace, the carbon powder and the oil in the dust-containing tar are sufficiently involved in the combustion reaction in the gasification furnace, thereby effectively increasing the output of the crude gas. Therefore, the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmental protection gasification furnace of the invention has a simple structure, and not only the treatment cost of the dust-containing tar is low, but also the energy utilization rate can be improved and the environmental protection purpose is achieved.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic view showing a process of Embodiment 1 of an environmentally friendly gasification furnace for self-treatment of dust-containing tar according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an environmentally friendly gasification furnace for self-treatment of dust-containing tar according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of an environmentally friendly gasification furnace for self-treatment of dust-containing tar according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the process of the fourth embodiment of the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmentally friendly gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the process of the first embodiment of the self-treatment dust-containing tar-containing environmental gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • a plurality of nozzles 2 are disposed on the self-treatment dust-containing tar-containing environmental gasifier 1 of the present embodiment. Since the gasification furnace 1 in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view, only FIG. 1 shows The two nozzles 2 are taken as an example to describe the technical solution of the present invention. In the practical application, the gasifier 1 may be provided with a plurality of nozzles 2.
  • the gasification furnace 1 further comprises a tar tank 3, a homogenizer 4 and a first tar injection pump 5 for collecting dust-containing tar of the entire gasification system including the gasification furnace 1; a homogenizer 4 and a tar An outlet connection of the tank 3 for grinding and agitating the dusty tar; the inlet of the first tar jet pump 5 is connected to the homogenizer 4, and the outlet is connected to at least one of the nozzles 2 for passing the dusty tar through at least A nozzle 2 is injected into the gasification furnace 3.
  • the gasification furnace 1 may be a fixed bed gasification furnace, and the fixed bed has a function of dry distillation, so that the oil in the coal is taken out of the gasification furnace 1 with the crude gas, and the crude gas is washed and cooled by the subsequent system. After waste heat recovery, decompression expansion and physical separation, some dusty tar is discharged.
  • the dusty tar contains mercaptans, phenols, carbon powder particles and oils, among which the content of fine carbon powder particles is high, and the tar tank 3 can collect these dusty tars.
  • the tar tank 3 in this embodiment may be a dust-containing tar tank 3 with a stirrer, and the agitator in the tar tank 3 can stir the collected dust-containing tar while being in the tar tank 3.
  • the outlet connecting homogenizer 4 further grinds and agitates the dusty tar to increase the uniform dispersibility of the dusty tar, so that the first tar jet pump 5 sprays the dusty tar into the gasifier 1 and makes the dust
  • the toner particles in the tar are more fully involved in the combustion reaction, increasing the productivity of the crude gas.
  • At least one nozzle 2 is provided with at least two channels, that is to say at least one channel is added to the structure of the existing nozzle.
  • the first channel is used to inject the gasifying agent and the second channel is used to inject the dusty tar.
  • the second passage may be connected to the first tar injection pump 5 for the first tar injection pump 5 to spray the extracted dust-containing tar into the gasification furnace 1 through the second passage.
  • the dust-containing tar of the gasification system can be injected into the gasification furnace 1 to participate in combustion.
  • the self-treatment is realized, and the recycling of the dust-containing tar is realized at the same time, which effectively solves the pollution problem caused by directly discharging the dust-containing tar in the prior art.
  • the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmental protection gasification furnace of the present embodiment has a simple structure, and not only the treatment cost of the dust-containing tar is low, but also the energy utilization rate can be improved, and the environmental protection purpose is achieved.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmentally friendly gasification furnace of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmental protection gasification furnace of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. Based on the technical solution of the embodiment, the crusher 6 is further included.
  • the self-treatment dust tar-containing environmental gasification furnace of the present embodiment is equivalent to the tar tank 3 and the homogenizer 4 in the self-treatment dust tar-containing environmental gasification furnace shown in FIG. Increase the crusher 6 between.
  • the inlet of the crusher 6 is connected to the outlet of the tar tank 3
  • the outlet of the crusher 6 is connected to the inlet of the homogenizer 4
  • the crusher 6 is used for crushing large solids which may be mixed in the dusty tar, so that The particle size of the large particle solids that dust tar may be mixed is reduced to less than 1 mm, which reduces the risk of large particle solid wear and clogging of subsequent pipes and nozzle passages, making the dusty tar more likely to participate in the combustion reaction of the gasifier.
  • the dust-containing tar is crushed by the added crusher 6, so that the particle size of the large-particle solid which may be mixed in the dust-containing tar is reduced to less than 1 mm, which is reduced.
  • the particulate solids wear and block the risk of subsequent pipes and nozzle passages, so that the dusty tar is more likely to participate in the combustion reaction of the gasifier 1 and increase the production of the crude gas. Therefore, the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmental protection gasification furnace of the present embodiment has a simple structure, and not only the treatment cost of the dust-containing tar is low, but also the energy utilization rate can be improved, and the environmental protection purpose is achieved.
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified process of the third embodiment of the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmental protection gasification furnace of the present invention; Figure.
  • the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmentally friendly gasification furnace of the present embodiment further includes a stirring tank 7 and a second tar injection pump 8 based on the technical solution of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the outlet of the first tar injection pump 5 is connected to the inlet of the agitation tank 7, the outlet of the agitation tank 7 and the second tar injection pump 8
  • the inlet connection, the outlet of the second tar jet pump 8 is connected to the at least one nozzle 2
  • the inlet of the agitation tank 7 is also connected to the output line port 71 of the light oil and/or the first output line port 72 of the dispersant
  • a switch is provided on the output line port 71 of the light oil and/or the first output line port 72 of the dispersant, and the switch is closed when it is not necessary to input the light oil and/or dispersant to the agitation tank 7.
  • the dispersant input from the first output line port 72 of the dispersant is mainly used to disperse and stabilize the dust-containing tar or the dust-containing tar mixture in the agitation tank 7, thereby facilitating transportation.
  • the stirring tank 7 is further provided, and the stirring tank is passed through the stirring tank. 7 The dusty tar is treated again, and then the dust-containing tar treated by the stirring tank 7 is sprayed into the gasification furnace 1 by the second tar jet pump 8.
  • a first control valve 9 may be further disposed between the outlet of the first tar injection pump 5 and the inlet of the agitation tank 7, and between the outlet of the first tar injection pump 5 and the outlet of the second tar injection pump 8
  • a second control valve 10 is provided, and the first control valve 9 and the second control valve 10 are in parallel relationship.
  • the first control valve 9 When the dusty tar sprayed by the first tar jet pump 5 is inferior in fluidity, the first control valve 9 is opened at this time, the second control valve 10 is closed, and the first tar jet pump 5 is extracted from the tar tank 3.
  • the dust tar is sprayed into the agitation tank 7, and the light oil and/or the dispersant and the dust-containing tar extracted from the tar pump 5 are mixed and stirred in the agitation tank 7 to reduce the viscosity of the dust-containing tar and increase the flow of the dust-containing tar.
  • Sexuality makes it easier for dusty tar to participate in the combustion reaction of gasifier 1.
  • the first control valve 9 can be closed, and the second control valve 10 can be opened to directly pass the dusty tar through the first tar jet pump 5.
  • At least one nozzle 2 is injected into the gasification furnace 1 to participate in a combustion reaction.
  • the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmentally friendly gasification furnace of the present embodiment has a simple structure, and not only the processing cost of the dust-containing tar is low, but also the risk of blockage of the pipeline and the nozzle passage after the first tar injection pump 5 is reduced, and It can improve energy efficiency and achieve environmental protection.
  • the agitation tank 7 is further provided with a pipeline 73 connected to the flare, and the pipeline 73 connected to the flare is used for burning the exhausted and released exhaust gas in the dust-containing tar in the agitation tank 7, thereby reducing the combustible gas enrichment.
  • the risk of fire is caused, thereby ensuring the safety of the agitation tank 7, and making the agitation tank 7 safer and more reliable.
  • a breathing valve may be disposed between the agitation tank 7 and the line 73 to perform combustion treatment on the exhausted and released exhaust gas in the dust-containing tar in the agitation tank 7 according to actual conditions.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the process of the fourth embodiment of the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmentally friendly gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • the environmentally-friendly gasification furnace for self-treatment of dust-containing tar of the present embodiment is based on the technical solution of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and further comprises a mixing tank 11 and a third tar injection pump 12.
  • the outlet of the second tar injection pump 8 is connected to the inlet of the mixing tank 11, the outlet of the mixing tank 11 and the third tar injection pump 12
  • the inlet connection, the outlet of the third tar jet pump 12 is connected to at least one nozzle 2, and the inlet of the mixing tank 11 is also connected to the output line port 111 of the pulverized coal and the second output line port 112 of the dispersant, respectively.
  • the second output line port 112 of the dispersing agent is used to transport the dispersing agent to the mixing tank 11 for dispersing and stabilizing the dust-containing tar or the mixture of the pulverized coal and the dust-containing tar in the mixing tank 11 for transportation.
  • a third control valve 13 is further disposed between the outlet of the second tar injection pump 8 and the inlet of the mixing tank 11, and the second tar injection
  • a fourth control valve 14 is further disposed between the outlet of the pump 8 and the outlet of the third tar injection pump 12, and the third control valve 13 is in parallel relationship with the fourth control valve 14.
  • the third control valve 13 is opened at this time, and the fourth control valve 14 is closed, so that the dusty tar extracted from the agitation tank 7 by the second tar injection pump 8 is injected into the mixing tank 11
  • the pulverized coal and the dust-containing tar extracted by the tar pump 5 are mixed to make the dust-containing tar more uniform, thereby increasing the viscosity of the dust-containing tar, improving the mixing uniformity of the dust-containing tar and improving the heat of combustion thereof.
  • the value makes it easier for the dusty tar to participate in the combustion reaction of the gasifier 1.
  • the pulverized coal can be obtained from the pulverized coal preparation system and sent into the mixing tank 11 through the output line port 111 of the pulverized coal.
  • the third control valve 13 can be closed at this time.
  • the fourth control valve 14 is opened, so that the dust-containing tar is directly injected into the gasification furnace 1 through the at least one nozzle 2 from the second tar injection pump 8 to participate in the combustion reaction.
  • the first control valve 9 and the third can be closed.
  • the valve 13 is controlled to open the second control valve 10 and the fourth control valve 14 so that the dust-containing tar is directly injected into the gasification furnace 1 from the first oil injection pump 5 through the at least one nozzle 2 to participate in the combustion reaction. If the components of the dust-containing tar extracted from the tar tank 3 by the first tar injection pump 5 are not uniform, the opening and closing of each valve may be as follows, and the first control valve 9 and the fourth control valve 14 are closed, The second control valve 10 and the third control valve 13 are in an open state.
  • the dust-containing tar can be further mixed and uniformly treated by the mixing tank 11, thereby increasing the uniform dispersibility and fluidity, and spraying the dust-containing tar into the gasification furnace 1 so that The carbon powder in the dusty tar is more fully involved in the combustion reaction in the gasification furnace 1, thereby increasing the production of the crude gas. Therefore, the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmental protection gasification furnace of the present embodiment has a simple structure, and not only the treatment cost of the dust-containing tar is low, but also the energy utilization rate can be improved, and the environmental protection purpose is achieved.
  • the outlet of the first tar injection pump 5 is also connected to the inlet of the tar tank 3 to form a first tar circulation loop, and the first tar circulation loop
  • a fifth control valve 15 is further provided; and/or an outlet of the second tar injection pump 8 is further connected to the inlet of the agitation tank 7, forming a second tar circulation circuit, and a sixth control valve is further disposed on the second tar circulation circuit.
  • 16; and/or the outlet of the third tar injection pump 12 is also connected to the inlet of the mixing tank 11, forming a third tar circulation loop, and a third control valve 17 is also provided on the third tar circulation loop.
  • the fifth control valve 15, the sixth control valve 16 and the seventh control valve 17 are all normally open, so that the flow rate of the dusty tar on the system pipeline can be ensured, and the fluidity of the dusty tar is better.
  • a total valve 18 may be disposed between the third tar injection pump 12 and the gasification furnace 1. When the total valve 18 is closed, the gasification furnace 1 has the same function as the conventional gasification furnace. For detailed working principle and effect, please refer to The related description of the prior art will not be repeated here.
  • each circulation circuit is described by taking the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 as an example.
  • the self-treatment dust-containing tar environmental protection gasification furnace of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 can also set a corresponding cycle in actual use.
  • any two or three of the tar tank 3, the agitation tank 7, and the mixing tank 11 are combined; the corresponding first tar jet pump 5
  • Any two or three of the second tar jet pump 8 and the third tar jet pump 12 are combined into one. That is, any two or three of the tar tank 3, the stirring tank 7 or the mixing tank 11 can synthesize a dust tar processing tank, but the treatment tank includes any two of the tar tank 3, the stirring tank 7 or the mixing tank 11.
  • only one or two tar jet pumps are needed at this time, so that the self-treatment dust tar-containing environmental gasifier structure of the above embodiment is simpler.
  • all the connecting pipelines are required to be insulated and equipped with a steam purge pipeline, and the temperature of the pipeline in the pipeline must be maintained above 70 °C.

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Abstract

一种自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉。所述气化炉（1）上设有多个喷嘴（2），该气化炉（1）还包括焦油槽（3）、均化器（4）和第一焦油喷射泵（5），焦油槽（3）用于收集包括气化炉（1）的整个气化系统的含尘焦油；均化器（4）与焦油槽（3）的出口连接，用于将含尘焦油进行研磨和搅拌处理；第一焦油喷射泵（5）的进口与均化器（4）连接，出口与其中至少一个喷嘴连接，用于将含尘焦油通过至少一个喷嘴喷入气化炉（1）内。通过采用焦油槽、均化器和焦油喷射泵，可以将整个气化系统的含尘焦油返回气化炉参与燃烧，实现了含尘焦油的回收利用，有效解决了现有技术中直接将含尘焦油排出造成的污染问题，同时能够提高能源利用率，变废为宝。

Description

自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉 技术领域
本发明涉及煤处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉。
背景技术
工业生产中很多生产工艺流程需要用到煤气，日常生活中人们也越来越多利用煤气作为能源。为了满足人们对煤气的需求，通常采用煤炭气化装置将煤块、塑料、垃圾、旧纸等等这些含碳固体燃料气化并产生煤气。
其中固定床气化炉是以二氧化碳/蒸气、氧为气化剂，将块状固体含碳燃料转化为粗煤气的煤炭气化装置，由于技术成熟可靠，一次性投资少，运营成本低，建设周期短，在国内外被广泛使用。
但是现有技术中，固定床气化炉具有干馏的作用，会使得煤中的油品如含尘焦油随着粗煤气带出气化炉，由于要达到零排放要求，含尘焦油处理成本很高，极大地降低了生产企业的利润。因此，很多企业将固定床气化炉生产出的粗煤气经后续系统的洗涤冷却、废热回收、减压膨胀和物理分离后，会直接排出含尘焦油，其中细小煤粉之类的尘的吸附性极好，且粉尘量大、焦油含量小，所形成的含尘焦油介于固态和液态之间，粘度较大，流动性差，很难处理，会造成很大污染，影响了人们的生活。
发明内容
本发明提供一种自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，以解决经固定床气化炉排出的含尘焦油很难处理、会造成很大污染的问题。
本发明提供一种自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，所述气化炉上设有多个喷嘴，其特征在于，所述气化炉还包括焦油槽、均化器和第一焦油喷射泵，所述焦油槽用于收集包括所述气化炉的整个气化系统的含尘焦油；所述均化器与所述焦油槽的出口连接，用于将所述含尘焦油进行研磨和搅拌处理；所述第一焦油喷射泵的进口与所述均化器连接，出口与其中至少一个喷嘴连接，用于将所述含尘焦油通过所述至少一个喷嘴喷入所述气化炉内。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述气 化炉为固定床气化炉。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述至少一个喷嘴设有至少两个通道，其中第一通道用于喷入气化剂，第二通道用于喷入所述含尘焦油。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述气化炉还包括破碎机，所述破碎机的进口与所述焦油槽的出口连接，所述破碎机的出口与所述均化器的进口连接，用于对所述含尘焦油中可能混入的大颗粒固体进行破碎处理。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述气化炉还包括搅拌槽和第二焦油喷射泵，所述第一焦油喷射泵的出口与所述搅拌槽的进口连接，所述搅拌槽的出口与所述第二焦油喷射泵的进口连接，所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口与所述至少一个喷嘴连接，且所述搅拌槽的进口还与轻油的输出管线口和/或分散剂的第一输出管线口连接。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述第一焦油喷射泵的出口与所述搅拌槽的进口之间还设有第一控制阀门，所述第一焦油喷射泵的出口与所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口之间还设有第二控制阀门，所述第一控制阀门与所述第二控制阀门呈并联关系。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述搅拌槽上还设有与火炬相连的管线，用于对所述搅拌槽中的所述含尘焦油中逃逸、释放的废气进行燃烧处理。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述气化炉还包括混合槽和第三焦油喷射泵，所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口与所述混合槽的进口连接，所述混合槽的出口与所述第三焦油喷射泵的进口连接，所述第三焦油喷射泵的出口与所述至少一个喷嘴连接，且所述混合槽的进口还分别与粉煤的输出管线口和分散剂的第二输出管线口连接。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口与所述混合槽的进口之间还设有第三控制阀门，所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口与所述第三焦油喷射泵的出口之间还设有第四控制阀门，所述第三控制阀门与所述第四控制阀门呈并联关系。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述第 一焦油喷射泵的出口还与所述焦油槽的进口连接，形成第一焦油循环回路，且所述第一焦油循环回路上还设有第五控制阀门；和/或所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口还与所述搅拌槽的进口连接，形成第二焦油循环回路，且所述第二焦油循环回路上还设有第六控制阀门；和/或所述第三焦油喷射泵的出口还与所述混合槽的进口连接，形成第三焦油循环回路，且所述第三焦油循环回路上还设有第七控制阀门。
进一步地，上述所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所述焦油槽、所述搅拌槽以及所述混合槽的任意两者或三者合而为一；相应的所述第一焦油喷射泵、所述第二焦油喷射泵以及所述第三焦油喷射泵任意两者或三者合而为一。
本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，通过采用焦油槽、均化器和第一焦油喷射泵，可以将气化系统的含尘焦油喷入气化炉参与燃烧实现自处理，同时实现了含尘焦油的回收利用，有效解决了现有技术中直接将含尘焦油排出或处理不达标排放所造成的污染问题。同时，本发明中，通过将含尘焦油回收至气化炉中，使得含尘焦油中的炭粉和油品充分参与气化炉中的燃烧反应，从而有效地提高了粗煤气的产量。因此，本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，结构简单，不仅含尘焦油的处理成本较低，同时还能够提高能源利用率，实现环保的目的。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉实施例一的工艺简图；
图2为本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉实施例二的工艺简图；
图3为本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉实施例三的工艺简图；
图4为本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉实施例四的工艺简图。
附图标记说明：
1 气化炉
2 喷嘴
3 焦油槽
4 均化器
5 第一焦油喷射泵
6 破碎机
7 搅拌槽
71 轻油的输出管线口
72 分散剂的第一输出管线口
73 与火炬相连的管线
8 第二焦油喷射泵
9 第一控制阀门
10 第二控制阀门
11 混合槽
111 粉煤的输出管线口
112 分散剂的第二输出管线口
12 第三焦油喷射泵
13 第三控制阀门
14 第四控制阀门
15 第五控制阀门
16 第六控制阀门
17 第七控制阀门
18 总阀门
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉实施例一的工艺简图。如图1所示，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉1上设有多个喷嘴2，因为图1中的气化炉1是剖面图，所以图1中仅以示出两个喷嘴2为例描述本发明的技术方案。实际应用中该气化炉1上可以设置有多个喷嘴2。
该气化炉1还包括焦油槽3、均化器4和第一焦油喷射泵5，焦油槽3用于收集包括气化炉1的整个气化系统的含尘焦油；均化器4与焦油槽3的出口连接，用于将含尘焦油进行研磨和搅拌处理；第一焦油喷射泵5的进口与均化器4连接，出口与其中至少一个喷嘴2连接，用于将含尘焦油通过至少一个喷嘴2喷入气化炉3内。
例如，该气化炉1可以为固定床气化炉，固定床具有干馏的作用，会使得煤中的油品随着粗煤气带出气化炉1，而粗煤气经后续系统的洗涤冷却、废热回收、减压膨胀和物理分离后，会排出部分含尘焦油。含尘焦油中含有硫醇、酚类、炭粉颗粒以及油品等物质，其中细小炭粉颗粒的含量较高，焦油槽3可以将这些含尘焦油收集。
当含尘焦油被焦油槽3收集以后由于含尘焦油中碳粉颗粒的含量较高，焦油的含量较低，所形成的含尘焦油大多介于固态和液态之间，粘度较大，流动性差，很难处理，因此本实施例中的焦油槽3可以为带搅拌器的含尘焦油槽3，该焦油槽3中的搅拌器可以对收集的含尘焦油进行搅拌，同时在焦油槽3的出口连接均化器4进一步对含尘焦油进行研磨和搅拌处理，增加含尘焦油的均匀分散性，以利于第一焦油喷射泵5将含尘焦油喷射至气化炉1中，并使得含尘焦油中的碳粉颗粒更充分地参与燃烧反应，提高了粗煤气的生产率。
需要说明的是至少一个喷嘴2设有至少两个通道，也就是说，在现有的喷嘴的结构上要至少增加一条通道。当本实施例的至少一个喷嘴2上设 置有两个通道时，其中第一通道用于喷入气化剂，第二通道用于喷入含尘焦油。具体地该第二通道可以与第一焦油喷射泵5连接，以供第一焦油喷射泵5将抽取的含尘焦油通过该第二通道喷入气化炉1内。
本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，通过采用焦油槽3、均化器4和第一焦油喷射泵5，可以将气化系统的含尘焦油喷入气化炉1参与燃烧实现自处理，同时实现了含尘焦油的回收利用，有效解决了现有技术中直接将含尘焦油排出，造成的污染问题。同时，本实施例中，通过将含尘焦油回收至气化炉1中，使得含尘焦油中的炭粉和油品充分参与气化炉1中的燃烧反应，从而有效地提高了粗煤气的产量。因此，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，结构简单，不仅含尘焦油的处理成本较低，同时还能够提高能源利用率，实现环保的目的。
图2为本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉实施例二的工艺简图，如图2所示，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉在上述图1所示实施例的技术方案的基础上，进一步包括破碎机6。
如图2所示，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，相当于在图1所示的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中的焦油槽3与均化器4之间增加破碎机6。其中破碎机6的进口与焦油槽3的出口连接，破碎机6的出口与均化器4的进口连接，破碎机6用于对含尘焦油中可能混入的大颗粒固体进行破碎处理，使得含尘焦油可能混入的大颗粒固体的粒径降低到1mm以下，降低了大颗粒固体磨损和堵塞后续管道及喷嘴通道的风险，使得含尘焦油更容易参与气化炉的燃烧反应。当含尘焦油经破碎机6破碎处理后，并流入均化器4之后的过程，请参考上述实施例记载，在此不再赘述。
本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，通过增加的破碎机6对含尘焦油进行破碎处理，使得含尘焦油可能混入的大颗粒固体的粒径降低到1mm以下，降低了大颗粒固体磨损和堵塞后续管道及喷嘴通道的风险，从而含尘焦油更容易参与气化炉1的燃烧反应，提高粗煤气的产量。因此，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，结构简单，不仅含尘焦油的处理成本较低，同时还能够提高能源利用率，实现环保的目的。
图3为本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉实施例三的工艺简 图。如图3所示，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉在上述图2所示实施例的技术方案的基础上，进一步包括搅拌槽7和第二焦油喷射泵8。
如图3所示，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，第一焦油喷射泵5的出口与搅拌槽7的进口连接，搅拌槽7的出口与第二焦油喷射泵8的进口连接，第二焦油喷射泵8的出口与至少一个喷嘴2连接，且搅拌槽7的进口还与轻油的输出管线口71和/或分散剂的第一输出管线口72连接，并在轻油的输出管线口71和/或分散剂的第一输出管线口72上设置有开关，当不需要向搅拌槽7输入轻油和/或分散剂时将开关闭合即可。其中轻油为比含尘焦油轻的油品(包括石脑油)，实际应用中，该轻油并不限制只能为石脑油，也可以为其他轻油，在此不再赘述。分散剂的第一输出管线口72输入的分散剂主要用于使搅拌槽7中的含尘焦油或含尘焦油的混合物分散、稳定，从而便于输送。
由于实际使用中含尘焦油经过均化器4和破碎机6处理后，可能仍然存在含尘焦油流动性不佳的情况，因此在第一焦油喷射泵5之后再设置搅拌槽7，通过搅拌槽7再次对含尘焦油进行处理，之后由第二焦油喷射泵8将经搅拌槽7处理后的含尘焦油喷入气化炉1中。
具体地，可以在第一焦油喷射泵5的出口与搅拌槽7的进口之间还设有第一控制阀门9，第一焦油喷射泵5的出口与第二焦油喷射泵8的出口之间还设有第二控制阀门10，第一控制阀门9与第二控制阀门10呈并联关系。
当第一焦油喷射泵5喷射出来的含尘焦油流动性较差时，此时打开第一控制阀门9，关闭第二控制阀门10，使第一焦油喷射泵5从焦油槽3中抽取的含尘焦油喷入搅拌槽7内，在搅拌槽7内将轻油和/或分散剂以及焦油泵5抽取的含尘焦油进行混合并搅拌，以降低含尘焦油的粘度，增加含尘焦油的流动性，使得含尘焦油更容易参与气化炉1的燃烧反应。当含尘焦油流动性较好时，则不用在搅拌槽7再次进行搅拌，此时可以关闭第一控制阀门9，打开第二控制阀门10，使含尘焦油直接由第一焦油喷射泵5通过至少一个喷嘴2喷入气化炉1参与燃烧反应。
本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，通过增加搅拌槽7能够将含尘焦油再次搅拌均匀，降低其粘度，增加其流动性，使得含尘 焦油更容易参与气化炉1的燃烧反应，提高了粗煤气的产量。因此，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，结构简单，不仅含尘焦油的处理成本较低，而且降低了第一焦油喷射泵5之后管道及喷嘴通道堵塞的风险，同时还能够提高能源利用率，实现环保的目的。
进一步地，搅拌槽7上还设有与火炬相连的管线73，与火炬相连的管线73用于对搅拌槽7中的含尘焦油中逃逸、释放的废气进行燃烧处理，降低了可燃气富集引发火灾的风险，从而保证搅拌槽7的安全，使搅拌槽7更安全可靠。可以在搅拌槽7与管线73之间设置有呼吸阀，以便根据实际情况对搅拌槽7中的含尘焦油中逃逸、释放的废气进行燃烧处理。
图4为本发明的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉实施例四的工艺简图。本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉在上述图3所示实施例的技术方案的基础上，进一步装置包括混合槽11和第三焦油喷射泵12。
如图4所示，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，第二焦油喷射泵8的出口与混合槽11的进口连接，混合槽11的出口与第三焦油喷射泵12的进口连接，第三焦油喷射泵12的出口与至少一个喷嘴2连接，且混合槽11的进口还分别与粉煤的输出管线口111和分散剂的第二输出管线口112连接。其中分散剂的第二输出管线口112用于向混合槽11输送分散剂，以用于使混合槽11中的含尘焦油或粉煤、含尘焦油的混合物分散、稳定，便于输送。
由于实际使用中可能存在有含尘焦油中煤气水比例过大的情况，因此在第二焦油喷射泵8的出口与混合槽11的进口之间还设有第三控制阀门13，第二焦油喷射泵8的出口与第三焦油喷射泵12的出口之间还设有第四控制阀门14，第三控制阀门13与第四控制阀门14呈并联关系。
当含尘焦油中煤气水比例过大时，此时打开第三控制阀门13，关闭第四控制阀门14，使第二焦油喷射泵8从搅拌槽7中抽取的含尘焦油喷入混合槽11内，在混合槽11内将粉煤以及焦油泵5抽取的含尘焦油进行混合，使含尘焦油更加均匀，以增加含尘焦油的粘度，改善含尘焦油的混合均匀性并提高其燃烧热值，使得含尘焦油更容易参与气化炉1的燃烧反应。其中粉煤可以由粉煤制备系统得到，并通过粉煤的输出管线口111送入混合槽11内。
当含尘焦油中煤气水比例适中时，此时可以关闭第三控制阀门13， 打开第四控制阀门14，使含尘焦油直接由第二焦油喷射泵8通过至少一个喷嘴2喷入气化炉1参与燃烧反应。
需要说明的是，如果第一焦油喷射泵5从焦油槽3中抽取的含尘焦油流动性已经较好且含尘焦油中的成分均匀的情况下，则可以关闭第一控制阀门9和第三控制阀门13，打开第二控制阀门10和第四控制阀门14，使含尘焦油直接由第一油喷射泵5通过至少一个喷嘴2喷入气化炉1参与燃烧反应。若第一焦油喷射泵5从焦油槽3中抽取的含尘焦油中的成分不均匀时，则各阀门的开闭情况可以如下，第一控制阀门9和第四控制阀门14为闭合状态，第二控制阀门10和第三控制阀门13为打开状态。
本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，通过混合槽11可以将含尘焦油进一步混合均匀处理，增加其均匀分散性和流动性，将含尘焦油喷入气化炉1，使得含尘焦油中的炭粉更加充分地在气化炉1中参与燃烧反应，从而提高粗煤气的产量。因此，本实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，结构简单，不仅含尘焦油的处理成本较低，同时还能够提高能源利用率，实现环保的目的。
进一步地，上述实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，第一焦油喷射泵5的出口还与焦油槽3的进口连接，形成第一焦油循环回路，且第一焦油循环回路上还设有第五控制阀门15；和/或第二焦油喷射泵8的出口还与搅拌槽7的进口连接，形成第二焦油循环回路，且第二焦油循环回路上还设有第六控制阀门16；和/或第三焦油喷射泵12的出口还与混合槽11的进口连接，形成第三焦油循环回路，且第三焦油循环回路上还设有第七控制阀门17。其中第五控制阀门15、第六控制阀门16和第七控制阀门17均为常开状态，这样可以保证系统管线上含尘焦油的流速，使含尘焦油的流动性更好。在第三焦油喷射泵12与气化炉1之间还可以设置有总阀门18，当总阀门18关闭时，气化炉1则与传统的气化炉功能一样，详细工作原理及效果请参考现有技术的相关记载，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的，各循环回路以图4所示实施例为例进行说明，图1-图3所示实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，在实际使用中也可以设置相应的循环回路，其效果和原理请参考图4所示实施例，在此不再赘述。
进一步地，上述实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，焦油槽3、搅拌槽7以及混合槽11的任意两者或三者合而为一；相应的第一焦油喷射泵5、第二焦油喷射泵8以及第三焦油喷射泵12任意两者或三者合而为一。即焦油槽3、搅拌槽7或者混合槽11中的任意两个或者3个，可以合成一个含尘焦油处理槽，但该处理槽包括有由焦油槽3、搅拌槽7或混合槽11任意两个或者3个的功能，此时只需要一个或者两个焦油喷射泵即可，使上述实施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉结构更加简单。
进一步地，上述各施例的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉中，所有的连接管线均要求保温处理并配有蒸汽吹扫管线，且管道中物流温度必须保持在70℃以上。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，所述气化炉上设有多个喷嘴，其特征在于，所述气化炉还包括焦油槽、均化器和第一焦油喷射泵，所述焦油槽用于收集包括所述气化炉的整个气化系统的含尘焦油；所述均化器与所述焦油槽的出口连接，用于将所述含尘焦油进行研磨和搅拌处理；所述第一焦油喷射泵的进口与所述均化器连接，出口与其中至少一个喷嘴连接，用于将所述含尘焦油通过所述至少一个喷嘴喷入所述气化炉内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述气化炉为固定床气化炉。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述至少一个喷嘴设有至少两个通道，其中第一通道用于喷入气化剂，第二通道用于喷入所述含尘焦油。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述气化炉还包括破碎机，所述破碎机的进口与所述焦油槽的出口连接，所述破碎机的出口与所述均化器的进口连接，用于对所述含尘焦油中混入的大颗粒固体进行破碎处理。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述气化炉还包括搅拌槽和第二焦油喷射泵，所述第一焦油喷射泵的出口与所述搅拌槽的进口连接，所述搅拌槽的出口与所述第二焦油喷射泵的进口连接，所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口与所述至少一个喷嘴连接，且所述搅拌槽的进口还与轻油的输出管线口和/或分散剂的第一输出管线口连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述第一焦油喷射泵的出口与所述搅拌槽的进口之间还设有第一控制阀门，所述第一焦油喷射泵的出口与所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口之间还设有第二控制阀门，所述第一控制阀门与所述第二控制阀门呈并联关系。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述搅拌槽上还设有与火炬相连的管线，用于对所述搅拌槽中的所述含尘焦油中逃逸、释放的废气进行燃烧处理。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述气化炉还包括混合槽和第三焦油喷射泵，所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口与所述混合槽的进口连接，所述混合槽的出口与所述第三焦油喷射泵的进口连接，所述第三焦油喷射泵的出口与所述至少一个喷嘴连接，且所述混合槽的进口还分别与粉煤的输出管线口和分散剂的第二输出管线口连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口与所述混合槽的进口之间还设有第三控制阀门，所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口与所述第三焦油喷射泵的出口之间还设有第四控制阀门，所述第三控制阀门与所述第四控制阀门呈并联关系。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述第一焦油喷射泵的出口还与所述焦油槽的进口连接，形成第一焦油循环回路，且所述第一焦油循环回路上还设有第五控制阀门；和/或所述第二焦油喷射泵的出口还与所述搅拌槽的进口连接，形成第二焦油循环回路，且所述第二焦油循环回路上还设有第六控制阀门；和/或所述第三焦油喷射泵的出口还与所述混合槽的进口连接，形成第三焦油循环回路，且所述第三焦油循环回路上还设有第七控制阀门。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的自处理含尘焦油的环保气化炉，其特征在于，所述焦油槽、所述搅拌槽以及所述混合槽的任意两者或三者合而为一；相应的所述第一焦油喷射泵、所述第二焦油喷射泵以及所述第三焦油喷射泵任意两者或三者合而为一。
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