WO2017023370A1 - Dynamic spectrum access with flexible bandwidth for licensed shared access systems - Google Patents

Dynamic spectrum access with flexible bandwidth for licensed shared access systems Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017023370A1
WO2017023370A1 PCT/US2016/025563 US2016025563W WO2017023370A1 WO 2017023370 A1 WO2017023370 A1 WO 2017023370A1 US 2016025563 W US2016025563 W US 2016025563W WO 2017023370 A1 WO2017023370 A1 WO 2017023370A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dci
transmission
codeword
activation
circuitry
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PCT/US2016/025563
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ralf Bendlin
Hwan-Joon Kwon
Jong-Kae Fwu
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Intel IP Corporation
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Application filed by Intel IP Corporation filed Critical Intel IP Corporation
Priority to US15/742,481 priority Critical patent/US10849113B2/en
Priority to DE112016003526.8T priority patent/DE112016003526T5/de
Publication of WO2017023370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017023370A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0061—Error detection codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H04L5/0096—Indication of changes in allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

Definitions

  • Various wireless cellular communication systems have been implemented or are being proposed, including a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a 3 GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system, a 3 GPP LTE-Advanced system, and a 5 th Generation wireless system / 5 th Generation mobile networks (5G) system / 5 th Generation new radio (NR) system.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • LTE-Advanced 3 GPP LTE-Advanced
  • 5G wireless system 5 th Generation mobile networks
  • 5G 5 th Generation new radio
  • a Mobile Network Operator may obtain an exclusive license for the use of a specific part of the spectrum.
  • An MNO's license may be limited to a range of frequencies.
  • a license may be further limited to a geographically-bounded region, and may also be limited to specific times, such as specific ranges of hours, days, weeks, months, and/or years.
  • An MNO's license may accordingly apply to one or more of a specific range of frequencies, a specific geographical region, and a specific range of times.
  • LSA LSA system
  • an MNO may accordingly be disposed to share a licensed spectrum with others who are also licensed to use the spectrum.
  • an MNO may be disposed to share licensed spectrum with "incumbent" users, whose use of that spectrum may already be licensed or otherwise protected.
  • a national regulatory authority may assign portions of the spectrum to more than one MNO, and one MNO may be disposed to share licensed spectrum with another MNO.
  • different licensees of a spectrum (and possibly within a specific geographic region and/or for a certain period in time) may have different priorities for their use of the spectrum.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates examples of a Licensed Shared Access (LSA) system and a
  • SAS Spectrum Access System
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an LSA/SAS infrastructure, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an interface between a private LSA/SAS controller (LC) and base station protocol stacks and functions, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • LC LSA/SAS controller
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a channelization of a 3.55 - 3.70 GHz spectrum in the United
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a plurality of geographical regions, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIGs. 6-7 illustrate LSA licensing arrangements for a plurality of geographical regions, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIGs. 8-9 illustrate LSA licensing arrangements for a plurality of geographical regions and frequency bands/channels, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a radio environment map (REM) estimation, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIGs. 11-13 illustrate LSA licensing arrangements and associated spectral radiation masks, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates an Evolved Node B (eNB) and a User Equipment (UE), in accordance with some embodiments.
  • eNB Evolved Node B
  • UE User Equipment
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a hardware processing circuitry for an eNB, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates hardware processing circuitry for a UE, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 17 illustrates methods for an eNB to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates methods for a UE to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIGs. 19A-19B illustrate methods for a UE to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates methods for a UE to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 21 illustrates methods for a UE to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 22 illustrates example components of a UE device, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • LSA systems should provide means for detection of other users and protection of other users, in accordance with their priorities and possibly a sharing framework.
  • an MNO using a spectrum may be disposed to protect higher priority users in the same spectrum, either in the same region or a nearby geographical region, or may be disposed to protect another MNO using the spectrum in an adjacent band of frequencies in the same region or a nearby geographical region.
  • Various mechanisms and methods for protecting other users and/or licensees in an LSA system are discussed below.
  • signals are represented with lines. Some lines may be thicker, to indicate a greater number of constituent signal paths, and/or have arrows at one or more ends, to indicate a direction of information flow. Such indications are not intended to be limiting. Rather, the lines are used in connection with one or more exemplary embodiments to facilitate easier understanding of a circuit or a logical unit. Any represented signal, as dictated by design needs or preferences, may actually comprise one or more signals that may travel in either direction and may be implemented with any suitable type of signal scheme.
  • connection means a direct electrical, mechanical, or magnetic connection between the things that are connected, without any intermediary devices.
  • coupled means either a direct electrical, mechanical, or magnetic connection between the things that are connected or an indirect connection through one or more passive or active intermediary devices.
  • circuit or “module” may refer to one or more passive and/or active components that are arranged to cooperate with one another to provide a desired function.
  • signal may refer to at least one current signal, voltage signal, magnetic signal, or data/clock signal.
  • the transistors in various circuits, modules, and logic blocks are Tunneling FETs (TFETs).
  • Some transistors of various embodiments may comprise metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors, which include drain, source, gate, and bulk terminals.
  • MOS metal oxide semiconductor
  • the transistors may also include Tri-Gate and FinFET transistors, Gate All Around Cylindrical Transistors, Square Wire, or Rectangular Ribbon Transistors or other devices implementing transistor functionality like carbon nanotubes or spintronic devices.
  • MOSFET symmetrical source and drain terminals i.e., are identical terminals and are interchangeably used here.
  • a TFET device on the other hand, has asymmetric Source and Drain terminals.
  • Bi-polar junction transistors-BJT PNP/NPN, BiCMOS, CMOS, etc. may be used for some transistors without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
  • A, B, and/or C means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B and C).
  • combinatorial logic and sequential logic discussed in the present disclosure may pertain both to physical structures (such as AND gates, OR gates, or XOR gates), or to synthesized or otherwise optimized collections of devices implementing the logical structures that are Boolean equivalents of the logic under discussion.
  • eNBs forming a Radio Access Network may be capable of sensing interfering energy from other Radio Access Technologies (RATs), interfering energy from other MNOs of the same RAT, or aggregate interference levels.
  • RATs Radio Access Technologies
  • Each eNB may have an interface and associated application protocol for communicating with a Core Network (CN).
  • CN Core Network
  • a CN may have an interface and associated application protocol for communicating with one or more LSA infrastructure components, such as an LSA repository (LR), an LSA controller (LC), or a geo-location database (GLDB).
  • LSA repository LSA repository
  • LC LSA controller
  • GLDB geo-location database
  • an eNB may take action in order to protect the higher-priority user.
  • the eNB may send a physical layer (PHY) indicator to User Equipments
  • This PHY indicator may be transmitted to all UEs on the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) through a Downlink Control Information (DCI) whose cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits have been scrambled by a dedicated identifier.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • This identifier may be a special purpose Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) defined for this purpose in LSA systems, and may be considered an LSA-RNTI.
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • UEs may operate in ways that protect higher-priority users.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • a PHY-layer-based technique may advantageously minimize latencies involved in the eNB procedures instructing various UEs to cease operation to satisfy LSA requirements.
  • an eNB may be disposed to ramp down its transmit power, or possibly even turn off its transceiver circuitry, in order to protect other users within the spectrum, and if UEs are not informed of the impending cessation, radio link failures (RLFs) may occur resulting in deteriorated Quality -of- Service experiences at the UEs.
  • RLFs radio link failures
  • a PHY identifier instructing cells to cease operation may thus advantageously reduce RLFs and consequently increase Quality-of-Service and/or Quality-of-Experience.
  • an eNB may be disposed to inform a UE of an impending cessation, in order to provide means for cancelling scheduled UL transmissions from the UE to the eNB upon detection of protected users within the spectrum.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates examples of a Licensed Shared Access (LSA) system and a
  • SAS Spectrum Access System
  • LSA Long Term Evolution
  • SAS Spectrum Access System
  • an LSA system 110 as proposed in Europe (for the 2.3-2.4 GHz band, e.g., time-division duplex (TDD) band 40) is compared with a SAS system 120 as proposed in the United States (for the 3.55-3.70 GHz band, e.g., TDD bands 42/43).
  • LSA system 110 has two tiers, one for incumbent-licensed users 130, and one for auctioned- licensed users 140.
  • SAS system 120 has three tiers that span incumbent-licensed users 130, auctioned-licensed users 140, and opportunistic or unlicensed users 150. In various embodiments, different terminologies may apply.
  • an auctioned-licensed user may be referred to as an LSA licensee or a priority access licensee (PAL).
  • PAL priority access licensee
  • GAA general authorized access
  • Examples of incumbent-licensed users 130 may include program making and special events (PMSE) services, amateur radio, terrestrial telemetry, and aeronautical telemetry (for LSA system 110), and may include naval radar (for SAS system 120).
  • PMSE program making and special events
  • LSA system 110 may include program making and special events (PMSE) services, amateur radio, terrestrial telemetry, and aeronautical telemetry (for LSA system 110), and may include naval radar (for SAS system 120).
  • incumbent user equipment may include cordless microphones, wireless cameras, broadcasting vehicles (such as vans and helicopters), PMSE services, radar stations (for naval, terrestrial, or aeronautical telemetry or meteorology), and amateur radio equipment.
  • LSA system 110 and SAS system 120 spectrum having one or more incumbent users may be auctioned to one or more LSA licensees.
  • Auction-licensed users 140 may include MNOs (for both LSA system 110 and SAS system 120), and may include hospitals, public safety agencies, and local government (for SAS system 120).
  • Auction- licensed users 140 may be termed LSA Licensees (e.g., for LSA system 110), or may be termed priority access licensees (PALs) (e.g., for SAS system 120).
  • PALs priority access licensees
  • opportunistic or unlicensed users 150 may include WiFi based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, and license-assisted access (LAA) cellular equipment (such as LAA-compliant eNBs and/or UEs).
  • LAA license-assisted access
  • Opportunistic or unlicensed use of licensed spectrum may be termed general authorized access (GAA). Although unlicensed, GAA use of LSA spectrum may still be authorized. In such instances, the term "unlicensed” may refer to the technologies and access schemes used by the transmitter and receiver rather than the licensing model.
  • lower-priority users e.g., users of a lower priority tier
  • higher-priority users need not take lower-priority users into account.
  • users of a given priority level and/or tier may have to protect other users of the same priority level/tier.
  • Auction-licensed users 140 may access an LSA spectrum when not in use (e.g., in a particular geographical region) by an incumbent-licensed user 130 and/or other auction-licensed users.
  • Opportunistic or unlicensed users 150 may access an LSA spectrum when not in use (e.g., in a particular geographical region) by either an incumbent-licensed user 130, an auction-licensed user 140, or other opportunistic or unlicensed users.
  • PALs may protect incumbent users and other PALs, but need not protect GAA equipment.
  • GAA equipment may protect all participants in the LSA system.
  • a UE may monitor a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for downlink control information (DCI) whose cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits have been scrambled with various radio network temporary identifiers (RNTIs).
  • DCI downlink control information
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • RNTIs radio network temporary identifiers
  • higher protocol layers may instruct the PHY layer to monitor common and UE-specific search spaces for specific RNTIs to receive the associated DCI.
  • the higher protocol layers may in turn provide such instructions as configured by the RAN through the RRC protocol, or as required by specification.
  • a UE may monitor a common search space for a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) in defined subframes in order to receive system information blocks (SIBs) on the broadcast control channel (BCCH).
  • SI-RNTI system information RNTI
  • the RAN may configure a UE's higher layers to instruct the PHY to monitor for a different RNTI, such as a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) which may merely be transmitted during configured paging occasions.
  • An RNTI may be fixed by specification, as with the SI-RNTI, or may be configured via RRC, as with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) (which may be configured during RRC connection setup).
  • C-RNTI cell RNTI
  • the 3 GPP LTE standards define a variety of different RNTIs, such as the
  • SI-RNTI SI-RNTI
  • P-RNTI multimedia broadcast/multicast services
  • C-RNTI C-RNTI
  • M-RNTI multimedia broadcast/multicast services
  • RA-RNTI random access RNTI
  • elMTA-RNTI enhanced interference management and traffic adaptation RNTI to dynamically indicate the TDD uplink (UL) / downlink (DL) configuration in a TDD communications system.
  • a particular RNTI may be used to descramble the CRC bits. If the descrambled CRC bits pass a CRC procedure ("CRC pass" in a "CRC check") for the received DCI transmission, then the DCI transmission may be identified as being associated with an RNTI of the particular type.
  • the DCI transmission may include a codeword or payload, and once the UE has identified the transmission as being associated with an RNTI of a particular type, the DCI's codeword/payload may be used and/or interpreted as appropriate for that type of RNTI.
  • Descrambling the CRC is considered a low complexity operation as compared to the decoding of the DCI transmission itself. As a result, the introduction of a new RNTI may not significantly impact the resources required to decode the DCI associated with a new RNTI.
  • DCI may be used to decode associated DL transmissions on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and to encode associated UL transmissions on the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).
  • DCI may also be used as a PHY layer mechanism for communicating with UEs.
  • DCI may be used to inform UEs of a change in system information (SI) or a change in TDD UL/DL configuration.
  • DCI may additionally be used to establish UL transmit power control (TPC) for the PUSCH and the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), through the use of the PUCCH-TPC-RNTI and the PUSCH-TPC- RNTI.
  • TPC transmit power control
  • Table 1 below provides examples of the length in bits of codewords/payloads for DCI format 1C, depending on the system bandwidth over which the PDCCH carrying the DCI is transmitted.
  • the number of bits of information that can be conveyed by re-using DCI format 1C and scrambling its CRC with a new RNTI may thus depend upon the system bandwidth of the carrier transmitting the DCI.
  • Table 1 Codeword length (in bits) of LTE DCI format 1C
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an LSA/SAS infrastructure, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • An LSA/SAS infrastructure should accommodate incumbent-licensed users, auction-licensed users (e.g., PALs), and opportunistic or unlicensed users (e.g., GAA UEs), if present, on the same spectrum.
  • An LSA/SAS infrastructure should accordingly be provisioned to promote and facilitate sufficient coordination among various users/licensees.
  • LSA/SAS infrastructure 200 may include an administration or national regulatory authority (NRA) 210, one or more incumbents 220, one or more sensor networks 230, an LSA/SAS repository (LR) 240, a first private LSA/SAS controller (LC) 250, a second private LC 260, an Nth private LC 270, and a global LC 280.
  • LR 240 may be populated by NRA 210, incumbents 220, or (in some instances) sensor network 230.
  • LR 240 may be populated through various means.
  • NRA 210 may provide a national LSA framework to LR 240.
  • an incumbent 220 may report current or planned usage of LSA spectrum directly to LR 240, or may detect violations and report them to the LR 240 if it chooses not to report current or planned usage of LSA spectrum to LR 240 (e.g., for reasons of national security).
  • a sensor network 230 may detect incumbent and PAL spectrum usage and report the usage to LR 240LR 240 may also provision various interfaces (along with associated protocols) for communicating with the various entities, such as an interface for communicating with NRA 210 (labeled "1"), an interface for communicating with incumbents 220 (labeled "2”), and/or an interface for communicating with sensor networks 230 (labeled "3").
  • Global LC 280 may be a centralized node.
  • an LC may be situated in the PAL or GAA domain, in which case the PAL or GAA may provision a private LC (such as first private LC 250, second private LC 260, or Nth private LC 270).
  • Private LCs may be provisioned by PAL/GAA networks where a RAN exists to which a UE may connect.
  • An example RAN for a PAL may be an MNO's LTE network, whereas an example RAN for GAA could be a carrier-grade or managed WiFi network, or a LAA LTE network.
  • unlicensed or unmanaged WiFi devices may access an LSA system as GAA UEs.
  • LSA/SAS infrastructure 200 may include both a global LC and one or more private LCs.
  • an LSA/SAS infrastructure 200 may include more than one global LC.
  • LR 240 may accordingly have one or more interfaces (and associated protocols) for communicating with global LCs (labeled "6").
  • Private LCs may have defined interfaces (and associated protocols) for communicating with an LR, or a global LC, or both.
  • a PAL may connect with an LR, such as by an interface between first private LC 250 and LR 240 (labeled "4").
  • GAA infrastructure may provision an interface and associated protocol to communicate with a global LC, such as by an interface between Nth private LC 270 and global LC 280 (labeled "5").
  • a private LC may be disposed to communicate both with an LR and with a global LC, such as by interfaces between second private LC 260 and LR 240 (labeled "4"), and between second private LC 260 and global LC 280 (labeled "5").
  • a PAL may merely have an interface with an LR (labeled "4")
  • a GAA may merely have an interface with a global LC (labeled "5")
  • an MNO may use LSA spectrum either as a PAL or under GAA.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an interface between a private LSA/SAS controller (LC) and base station protocol stacks and functions, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • an MNO uses LSA spectrum either as a PAL or under GAA, it may provision sensing mechanisms in its RAN for incumbent protection (e.g., interference self-monitoring).
  • incumbent protection e.g., interference self-monitoring
  • an MNO uses LSA spectrum under GAA, it may provision the same sensing mechanisms for PAL protection.
  • a private LC may have an interface with one or more eNBs comprising the RAN of the private LC's MNO.
  • an LSA system 300 may include a private LC 310, a first eNB
  • Private LC 310 may have one or more interfaces (and associated protocols) with first eNB 320, second eNB 330, and/or Nth eNB 340 (labeled "7"). Each of first eNB 320, second eNB 330, and Nth eNB 340 may include various generic functions of the LTE standards, as well as various elements of the LTE protocol stack. Private LC 310 may be a logical node, and may be physically co-located with one or more of first eNB 320, second eNB 330, and/or Nth eNB 340. In various
  • LC 310 may accordingly physically reside in a variety of places, and could reside and/or otherwise be part of a RAN, a CN, or an MNO's operation and maintenance (OAM) infrastructure.
  • OAM operation and maintenance
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a channelization of a 3.55 - 3.70 GHz spectrum in the United
  • An NRA may provision a licensing framework for an LSA system that assigns licenses covering dedicated frequency bands in dedicated geographical regions. For example, an NRA may subdivide an LSA spectrum 400 into a plurality of frequency bands/channels 410, each extending from a lower frequency 412 to a higher frequency 414. As depicted, LSA spectrum 400 extending from 3,550 MHz to 3,700 MHz has been channelized, or subdivided, into a plurality of 10 MHz frequency bands (labeled "1" through "N"), for a total of 150 MHz of channelized or subdivided frequencies.
  • Fig. 4 may correspond to a SAS proposed by the FCC.
  • a license within LSA spectrum 400 may cover a specific range of frequencies, and may also cover a specific geographical region and/or a specific range of times. Such a license may accordingly be described by a tuple, or set, of parameters— frequency range, geographic range, and time range— and a license may cover a particular tuple of values for those parameters. Although frequency bands 410 are depicted as extending over 10 MHz, and are depicted as starting and stopping at specific frequencies, a license may cover any range of frequencies. Within the tuple of parameters of the license, a PAL or other licensee may use the covered portion of LSA spectrum 400 according to pre-defined rules possibly restricted to certain geographic regions and/or certain times.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a plurality of geographical regions, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 5 depicts a first census tract 510, a second census tract 520, and a third census tract 530.
  • Each of first census tract 510, second census tract 520, and third census tract 530 may cover a specific geographical region, such as a U.S. census tract.
  • a license within an LSA spectrum may cover one census tract, or a plurality of census tracts.
  • a license may cover any geographical region or regions.
  • Figs. 6-7 illustrate LSA licensing arrangements for a plurality of geographical regions, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • an LSA spectrum may be divided into any frequency ranges and any geographical regions.
  • LSA spectrum 600 is subdivided into a plurality of frequency bands 610 for each of a plurality of census tracts 620.
  • LSA spectrum 600 may be subdivided into formalized standard trading units (STUs) comprising a frequency band or channel, a geographical region, and a time period. Accordingly, frequency bands 610 may be adjacent to each other (in frequency), and census tracts 620 may be adjacent to each other (spatially).
  • STUs formalized standard trading units
  • One or more STUs may then be assigned to a PAL for exclusive usage when there is no incumbent activity present, e.g., through an auction.
  • LSA spectrum 700 (which may be substantially similar to LSA spectrum 600) may extend across a plurality of frequency bands 710 and a plurality of census tracts 720.
  • PAL licenses to portions of LSA spectrum 700 have been assigned to a plurality of operators 730, specifically Operator A, Operator B, and Operator C.
  • Operator A may have a license to frequency bands/channels 1 through 4 in Census Tract 1
  • Operator B may have a license to frequency bands/channels 7 through 10 in Census Tract 1
  • Operator C may have a license to frequency bands/channels 4 through 10 in Census Tract 3.
  • STUs licensed within LSA spectrum 700 may be separated by predefined guard bands, in frequency and/or spatially.
  • the governing NRA has left the two STUs for frequency bands/channels 5 and 6 unassigned. Frequency bands/channels 5 and 6 may accordingly serve as a guard band, in frequency, between Operator A's licensed frequency bands/channels and Operator B's licensed frequency bands/channels.
  • the governing NRA has left Census Tract 2 unassigned, and Census Tract 2 may accordingly serve as a guard band, spatially, between Operators A and B in Census Tract 1 and Operator C in Census Tract 3.
  • PALs and may thereby be available for GAA use.
  • GAA UEs may use such STUs, and may also use STUs that have been assigned to PALs but which are not currently being used.
  • a licensed PAL may refrain from using an STU for a variety of reasons.
  • an MNO may obtain a PAL license for increased capacity in an urban area such as an area around a sports arena or convention center, and may merely use the corresponding STUs during an event.
  • an MNO may obtain a PAL license covering a suburban or rural area, which may correspond to relatively larger census tracts, parts of which may not be used.
  • Yet another example may be an MNO deploying small cell eNBs with low transmit power and low antenna height in various hotzones, such as business districts, shopping malls, or corporate facilities. In such cases, signal losses may occur due to poor penetration of surrounding buildings, especially for small cell eNBs deployed indoors.
  • significant parts of a licensed STU may be unused at any particular time, and may accordingly be available for re-use.
  • the operation of an LSA system with high QoS may have a variety of objectives: (1) protection of incumbent-licensed users from auction-licensed users (e.g., PALs); (2) protection of incumbent-licensed users from opportunistic or unlicensed users (e.g., GAA users); (3) protection of auction-licensed users (e.g., PALs) from opportunistic or unlicensed users (e.g., GAA users); and (4) protection of auction-licensed users (e.g., PALs) from other auction-licensed users (e.g., other PALs).
  • the first three objectives may lead to protection of higher priority users by lower priority users.
  • the activity of higher-priority users may be effectively random, whether due to inherently stochastic data traffic or because a higher-priority user refrains from disclosing usage information (for example, due to confidentiality, privacy, or national security concerns).
  • low-latency interaction with lower-priority users in response to transmission activity of higher-priority users may reduce interference which may otherwise be prolonged, and may thereby advantageously improve QoS for both lower- priority and higher-priority users.
  • guard-bands such as depicted in LSA spectrum 700 may protect other PALs, but the protection may come at the expense of spectral efficiency, since otherwise available STUs may be left unused. Accordingly, low-latency interaction in a LSA spectrum may advantageously permit licensing of PALs without inefficient guard- bands.
  • an eNB may determine whether various STUs should become inactive (through sensing, or by being so informed).
  • a new RNTI that scrambles the CRC of DCI is defined, which may be termed an LSA-RNTI.
  • the LSA-RNTI may have an associated codeword/payload whose width is a function of the carrier's system bandwidth as discussed in Table 1 above (although for some embodiments, the width of the associated codeword/payload might not be a function of the carrier's system bandwidth per Table 1).
  • This DCI codeword may be termed an LSA-RNTI codeword.
  • the LSA-RNTI codeword may be a bitwise indicator of which STUs served by the eNB and/or configured at the UE are available for data transmission and/or reception.
  • the bits in the LSA-RNTI codeword may correspond to component carriers (CCs).
  • the CCs may be sorted either in increasing or in decreasing order of a CC index.
  • the index may be assigned to the CC when an eNB configures the CC as a secondary cell (SCell) for a given UE.
  • SCell secondary cell
  • CRC bits of a PDCCH transmission may be scrambled with the LSA-RNTI.
  • the CRC bits of the PDCCH transmission may be descrambled with the LSA-RNTI. If the descrambled CRC bits match the CRC bits calculated for the transmission (e.g., the "CRC check" procedure yields a "CRC pass"), the transmission may be recognized as an LSA-RNTI bearing an LSA-RNTI codeword, which may indicate which STUs served by the eNB should be deactivated and/or which STUs served by the eNB should be activated.
  • An eNB may also use the LSA-RNTI codeword to cancel previously scheduled uplink transmissions at the UE.
  • an eNB may also use the new LSA- RNTI to adjust spectral radiation mask or radio resource management (RRM) and channel state information (CSI) measurement procedures at the UE.
  • a UE may use the LSA-RNTI codeword to cancel previously scheduled uplink transmissions.
  • a UE may use the new LSA-RNTI to adjust spectral radiation mask or radio resource management (RRM) and channel state information (CSI) measurement procedures.
  • Figs. 8-9 illustrate LSA licensing arrangements for a plurality of geographical regions and frequency bands/channels, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Each MNO's RAN may include one or more eNBs possibly with sensing capabilities. If an eNB senses incumbent activity, such as by sensing power due to incumbent transmissions that exceeds a predetermined threshold, the eNB may signal to connected UEs to deactivate any conflicting STUs. Although the sensing capabilities of the eNB may be a function residing in the eNB, the actual measurements on which the sensing is based may be obtained either by the eNB, or by measurement reports transmitted by one or more UEs to the eNB. (although measurement reports in the latter case may not be due to physical acts of sensing happening at the eNB itself, they may still be considered part of the eNB's sensing capabilities.)
  • Fig. 8 depicts an LSA spectrum 800 that has been subdivided into STUs across a plurality of frequency bands 810 for each of a plurality of census tracts 820.
  • LSA spectrum 800 various STUs have been assigned to various operators 830.
  • Some assignments are similar to those of LSA spectrum 700: Operator A may have a license to frequency bands/channels 1 through 4 in Census Tract 1 ; Operator B may have a license to frequency bands/channels 7 through 10 in Census Tract 1; and Operator C may have a license to frequency bands/channels 4 through 10 in Census Tract 3.
  • some guard bands (in frequency and spatially) between Operators A, B, and C in LSA spectrum 800 may be removed.
  • Operator D may have a license to frequency bands/channels 5 and 6 in Census Tract 1
  • Operator E may have a license to frequency bands/channels 1 through 4 in Census Tract 2.
  • the operator may map each of the channels/bands it serves to a corresponding bit in an LSA-RNTI codeword, scramble the CRC bits for the DCI with an LSA-RNTI, and transmit it to one or more UEs. For each bit in the codeword, one value (e.g., zero) may indicate that a corresponding band/channel should be inactivated, and another value (e.g., one) may indicate that the corresponding channel/band should be activated.
  • one value e.g., zero
  • another value e.g., one
  • a UE receiving the DCI may unscramble its CRC with the LSA-RNTI. If the unscrambled CRC bits match the calculated CRC bits for the DCI (e.g., a "CRC check” procedure yields a "CRC pass"), the UE may use the bits in the LSA-RNTI codeword to determine whether any activated channel/band should be deactivated.
  • Fig. 9 depicts an LSA spectrum 900 in which STUs licensed to various operators have been mapped to various CCs.
  • LSA spectrum 900 may be substantially similar to LSA spectrum 800, but various licensed STUs of LSA spectrum 900 have been mapped to CCs across a plurality of frequency bands 910 for each of a plurality of census tracts 920.
  • Operators 930 may apportion their assigned STUs to CCs in various ways. In some cases, a CC may span a single STU. In other cases, a CC may span less than a single STU, or more than a single STU. As depicted, Operator A may operate two CCs of 20 MHz each (labeled "CC A-l" and "CC A-2"). Operator B may operate two CCs of 20 MHz each (labeled "CC B-l" and "CC B-2").
  • Operator C may operate two CCs of 20 MHz each (labeled “CC C-l” and “CC C-2”), and may also operate two CCs of 15 MHz each (labeled "CC C-3" and "CC C-4").
  • Operator D may operate one CC of 20 MHz (labeled "CC D-l”).
  • Operator E may operate two CCs of 20 MHz each (labeled "CC E-l” and "CC E-2").
  • the eNBs of the various operators 930 may interpret the bits of a received LSA-RNTI codeword as applying to the CCs they operate.
  • the eNBs controlled by some operators 930 having one CC may interpret the first bit of the received LSA-RNTI codeword as being associated with its CC (such as Operator D).
  • the eNBs controlled by some operators 930 having two CCs may interpret the first two bits of a received DCI codeword as being associated, in order, with its and "-2" CCs (such as Operators A, B, and E).
  • the eNBs controlled by some operators 930 having four CCs may interpret the first four bits of a received DCI codeword as being associated, in order, with its through "-4" CCs (such as Operator C).
  • An eNB may thus indicate an ordered list of required active/inactive states for to up to N CCs, where N is defined by the length of the codeword based upon the system bandwidth (see the example given in Table 1).
  • the UEs connected to the various operators 930 may interpret the bits of a received LSA-RNTI codeword as applying to the CCs they are configured with.
  • the UEs configured by eNBs of some operators 930 with one CC may interpret the first bit of the received LSA-RNTI codeword as being associated with its CC (such as Operator D).
  • the UEs configured by eNBs of some operators 930 with two CCs may interpret the first two bits of a received DCI codeword as being associated, in order, with its and "-2" CCs (such as Operators A, B, and E).
  • the UEs configured by eNBs of some operators 930 with four CCs may interpret the first four bits of a received DCI codeword as being associated, in order, with its through "-4" CCs (such as Operator C).
  • An UE may thus interpret an ordered list of required active/inactive states for up to N CCs, where N is defined by the length of the codeword based upon the system bandwidth (see the example given in Table 1).
  • a UE may monitor the common search space in every DL subframe for a
  • the UE may activate and/or deactivate its RRC-configured CCs in accordance with an LSA-RNTI codeword as discussed above.
  • This signaling method may advantageously be common to all UEs having been configured by their higher layers to monitor for PDCCHs with CRC scrambled by an LSA-RNTI, whereas other signaling methods may rely on the MAC or RRC protocol layer and may be UE-specific.
  • this signaling method may advantageously be transmitted directly in the PHY layer, which may permit a UE to apply the
  • a UE may deactivate (or activate) its CCs according to the corresponding LSA-RNTI codeword in subframe n+1.
  • a UE may ignore the corresponding UL grant.
  • each bit of an LSA-RNTI codeword may correspond to an SCell.
  • the primary cell PCell
  • the primary cell PCell
  • the primary cell PCell
  • CA carrier aggregation
  • a PCell may also be addressable by the LSA-RNTI codeword. If a bit in the codeword associated with the PCell indicates deactivation (e.g., if the bit becomes zero), since the PCell may not be subject to deactivation, the UE may respond in an alternate manner. The bit may instead trigger a radio link failure (RLF) at the UE, after which the UE may transmit a physical random access channel (PRACH) to another cell.
  • RLF radio link failure
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the other cell may be a cell operated on traditional, exclusively-licensed spectrum instead of on an LSA spectrum, which may be indicated to the UE by its RRC configuration or by broadcasted SI.
  • An advantage of indicating the other cell to the UE by RRC configuration may be that ping-pong effects may be reduced and robustness may be increased. Due to the expected association loss, this technique may be applied in rare instances, such as instances in which incumbent activity is expected to be very rare. Such embodiments may facilitate PCell operation in an LSA spectrum.
  • GAA users may opportunistically attempt to transmit in STUs assigned to a PAL, in which the PAL is temporarily inactive.
  • Operators A, B, and C may be PALs, whereas Operators D and E may instead operate under GAA.
  • GAA eNBs may use the mechanisms discussed above to protect PAL RANs by dynamically deactivating CCs, based upon sensed activity of higher-priority users.
  • the values encoded in the bits of the LSA-RNTI codeword may not be established based upon an eNB's sensing of incumbent activity.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a radio environment map (REM) estimation, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Map 1000 indicates aggregated interference 1005 in a geographic area 1010, as created by, for example, a wireless cellular communications network.
  • Various eNBs within the network may receive Minimization-of-Drive-Test (MDT) reports, which may contain measurements reported by various UEs and tagged with geo- location information (e.g., GPS coordinates).
  • MDT Minimization-of-Drive-Test
  • Aggregated interference 1005 may be determined based upon MDT reports received from the various UEs, including UEs in an MDT zone 1020 within geographic area 1010
  • the wireless network may be operating in an LSA spectrum in which an incumbent may prohibit PAL activity in one or more STUs in an exclusion zone 1030, while permitting PAL activity outside exclusion zone 1030.
  • a PAL may estimate the aggregated interference 1005 within exclusion zone 1030 (e.g., through interpolation). If interference 1005 within exclusion zone 1030 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the PAL may deactivate certain cells/bands/channels, through mechanisms such as those discussed above, in order to lower interference 1005 within exclusion zone 1030.
  • SCells may follow activation and/or deactivation procedures in accordance with Release 10 of the LTE specifications.
  • SCell activation for example, if an eNB detects that a higher priority user has vacated an STU, it may begin transmitting primary synchronization signals and secondary synchronization signals (PSS/SSS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS), and (optionally) channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) in that STU.
  • PSS/SSS primary synchronization signals and secondary synchronization signals
  • CRS cell-specific reference signals
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signals
  • the eNB may then send the PHY indicator associated with LSA-RNTI to activate the CCs associated with the vacated STUs, which may be sent on a cell in a different STU or on the PCell.
  • the UE may tune its Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry to obtain time and frequency synchronization with the CC.
  • the UE may perform automatic gain control (AGC), a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a received time-domain signal, and may estimate channel quality, which may then be reported to the eNB in a CSI report for the CC.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • an eNB MAC scheduler may begin transmitting data to that UE on that CC.
  • a UE may cease transmission of any scheduled uplink transmissions, as discussed above. The UE may then refrain from monitoring the search space for the deactivated CC.
  • an LSI-RNTI may be broadcast in SI on a BCCH.
  • all UEs may have identical CA configurations, which may allow for unambiguous mapping of an LSA-RNTI codeword to the applicable CCs.
  • other embodiments may configure LSA-RNTI in a UE-specific manner, for example during RRC connection setup or during RRC connection reconfiguration.
  • An LSA-RNTI may also address UE groups corresponding to identical CA configurations, and an eNB may accordingly configure multiple LSA-RNTIs with different mappings of LSA-RNTI codeword bits to CCs, to support UE groups having different CA configurations.
  • the network may thus advantageously serve UEs of different capabilities. For example, some UEs may merely support CA configurations of 2 CCs, whereas other UEs may be capable of supporting greater CA configuration, such as CA configurations up to 5 CCs, or CA configurations up to 32 CCs.
  • an eNB may merely serve UEs in the
  • RRC CONNECTED state on cells in an LSA spectrum under complete control of the eNB may advantageously prevent UEs from "camping" on cells in an LSA spectrum.
  • Such "camping” may be undesirable, because UEs in an RRC IDLE mode may merely monitor a common search space during predetermined DRX occasions, and an eNB may not have an opportunity to timely signal UEs in an RRC IDLE mode using DCI with CRC scrambled by the LSA-RNTI.
  • Such "camping” may also undesirably result in UEs autonomously initiating PRACH transmissions, such as upon data arrival in a UE MAC buffer.
  • UE behavior may be autonomous, and upon the UE detecting incumbent activity on a cell in licensed shared spectrum, the UE may trigger an RLF. Instead of trying to re-connect to the same cell, the UE may transmit a PRACH to another cell, which may be operated either on traditionally-licensed spectrum as indicated to the UE by its RRC configuration or by broadcast SI, or on spectrum indicated to be active in the most recently received LSA-RNTI codeword. Transmission of the PRACH to a cell operated on traditionally -licensed spectrum may advantageously avoid ping-pong effects and increase robustness. Moreover, before triggering the RLF and transmitting the subsequent PRACH, the UE may report the detection of ongoing incumbent activity on the
  • Mechanisms similar to those described above may also be used to gather RRM and CSI feedback in an LSA spectrum. If a UE is configured for RRM measurements on a particular CC, the UE may use the last received DCI with CRC scrambled by the LSA-RNTI to determine whether to perform the RRM measurements according to its RRM measurement configuration. In some embodiments, a UE may merely perform an RRM measurement on an SCell if the bit in the most recently received LSA-RNTI codeword indicated activation of that CC (e.g., if the bit corresponding to that CC had a value of "one"). This may allow an eNB to indicate, for each CC, whether the RAN is transmitting PSS/SSS/CRS, which may be collectively referred to as discovery reference signals (DRS), and which may be used by a UE to perform RRM measurements.
  • DRS discovery reference signals
  • an eNB may dynamically transmit DRS on deactivated SCells, depending upon incumbent activity and/or PAL activity (in the case of GAA use), and may send the DRS to each UE. Since a UE may begin monitoring common search space and UE- specific search space for an activated SCell, a special-purpose LSA-RNTI may be configured, together with the RRM measurement itself, to distinguish activation and/or deactivation of CCs for the purpose of RRM measurements from actual SCell activation and/or deactivation.
  • the eNB may periodically transmit CSI-RS and/or a tracking reference signal (TRS) for UEs to maintain time and frequency synchronization, and to permit UEs to have accurate CSI more readily available when the eNB sends an indicator to activate a particular CC.
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • an eNB may configure a UE with certain reference signal (RS) configurations for each CC in an LSA spectrum. These RS configurations may instruct a UE about, for example, the time and/or frequency resources of an associated RS, or how to generate the associated RS sequences.
  • the UE may assume eNB transmission of these RS according to its configuration with respect to the associated RS if the most recently received LSA-RNTI codeword indicated activation of that CC (e.g., if the bit corresponding to that CC had a value of "one").
  • a separate LSA-RNTI may be configured to separate indication of transmission of TRS and/or CSI-RS from actual SCell activation and/or deactivation.
  • an LSA system may assign portions of an LSA spectrum in accordance with one or more spectral radiation masks.
  • Figs. 11-13 illustrate LSA licensing arrangements and associated spectral radiation masks, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a system bandwidth may be fixed to a few sets of pre-defined sub- carrier sets which may be signaled in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • xRATs may no longer be based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), but may instead be based on filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) or filter-band multi-carrier (FBMC) modulation.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • FBMC filter-band multi-carrier
  • Such xRATs may have improved adjacent carrier leakage ratios (ACLRs) in comparison with LTE, and may allow for more flexible bandwidth deployments than LTE's few sets of pre-defined sub-carrier sets.
  • ACLRs adjacent carrier leakage ratios
  • the bits of the LSA-RNTI codeword may correspond not to CCs, but to STUs themselves.
  • an eNB may address N STUs. So, for example, the SAS system proposed for the United States may have fifteen 10 MHz STUs extending between 3,550 MHz and 3,700 MHz. With a PCell of 20 MHz in traditionally-licensed spectrum, the fifteen bits in an LSA-RNTI codeword for the PCell may address each STU in the SAS system.
  • a global LC may be tightly coordinated with private
  • Each PAL may communicate its current traffic load to the global LC through its private LC, and such reporting may be either triggered or periodic.
  • the global LC may then, for each PAL, allocate a short-term license to a bundle of STUs.
  • the short-term licenses may be mutually exclusive, such that one PAL at any time may have exclusive spectrum usage rights for any particular STU.
  • the improved ACLRs of an xRAT may permit licensing of STUs with less guard-band.
  • the global LC may assign a spectral radiation mask to a PAL, which could be computed as a function of the number of subcarriers covered by the STUs allocated to a PAL.
  • an LSA spectrum 1100 may include a plurality of STUs 1110 licensed to various operators 1130.
  • Operator A may have a short-term license to STUs labeled 5 through 8
  • Operator B may have a short- term license to STUs labeled 3 and 4.
  • a first spectral mask 1140 assigned to Operator A may be computed as a function of the number of subcarriers covered by STUs 5 through 8.
  • a second spectral mask 1150 assigned to Operator B may be computed as a function of the number of subcarriers covered by STUs 3 and 4.
  • Dynamic allocation of spectral radiation masks based on allocated STUs may advantageously minimize unnecessary guard bands and thereby increase spectral efficiency of an LSA system.
  • a PAL allocated 4 STUs of 10 MHz each, for a total of 40 MHz of spectrum bandwidth may operate on the 4 STUs by configuring two CCs of 20MHz each, leaving unused subcarriers between the two 20 MHz CCs.
  • Each operator's private LC may propagate short-term licenses to a PAL's eNBs, which may then communicate the allocated STUs to UEs via an LSA-RNTI codeword.
  • the use of PHY signaling in such embodiments may be advantageous for signaling efficiency.
  • an eNB may transmit the PHY indicator (along with an
  • LSA-RNTI codeword in multiple subframes, which may advantageously increase the probability that the PHY indicator will be detected at a UE.
  • a UE may then apply a detected STU allocation, based upon the LSA-RNTI codeword, at a predetermined modification period, which may depend upon the system frame number (SFN).
  • SFN system frame number
  • a PAL may bundle one or more licensed STUs with one or more GAA STUs, thus advantageously minimizing unnecessary guard bands and increasing spectral efficiency of the LSA system.
  • an LSA spectrum 1200 may include a plurality of STUs 1210 licensed to various operators 1230.
  • Operator A may have a license to STUs labeled 5 through 8 (extending over 40 MHz), while Operator B may have a license to STUs labeled 1 and 2 (extending over 20 MHz).
  • STUs 3 and 4 may be reserved for GAA use.
  • Operator A may detect that GAA STUs 3 and 4 are unused and available for transmission. Operator A may then bundle its PAL STUs 5 through 8 with GAA STUs 3 and 4, which may eliminate the guard band between STUs 4 and 5. First spectral mask 1240 of Operator A may accordingly be computed as a function of the number of subcarriers covered by STUs 3 through 8, while second spectral mask 1250 of Operator B may be computed as a function of the number of subcarriers covered by STUs 1 and 2.
  • a global LC may be aware of a synchronization status of each PAL.
  • the global LC may then assign a common spectral radiation mask for mutually synchronized operators in adjacent STU bundles, which may advantageously further reduce unnecessary guard bands between STUs of different operators.
  • mutual synchronization between operators may be achieved, for example, by GPS receivers at eNBs, through deployment of a synchronization protocol (e.g., IEEE 1588- 2008 or IEEE 1588-2002), or via other radio-interface based synchronization (RIBS) techniques.
  • a synchronization protocol e.g., IEEE 1588- 2008 or IEEE 1588-2002
  • RIBS radio-interface based synchronization
  • an LSA spectrum 1300 may include a plurality of STUs 1310 licensed to various operators 1330, which may be mutually synchronized.
  • Operator A may be allocated STUs 5 through 8
  • Operator B may be allocated STUs 1 and 2
  • STUs 3 and 4 may be reserved for GAA use.
  • STUs may be allocated to Operators A and B based upon not only PAL traffic demand, but also a PAL's synchronization state.
  • An LC may group operators that are mutually synchronized.
  • Operator A may accordingly have priority access to STUs 5 through 8, and may also opportunistically access STUs 1 through 4.
  • Operator B may have priority access to STUs 1 and 2, and may also opportunistically access STUs 3 through 8.
  • a spectral mask 1340 for both Operator A and Operator B may accordingly be computed as a function of the number of subcarriers covered by STUs 1 through 8.
  • Operators A and B may each use their PAL STUs to transmit all necessary control signaling as well as common reference signals. For example, Operators A and B may each use their PAL STUs to transmit PSS/SSS/CRS/CSI-RS for coarse and/or fine time and frequency synchronization, AGC, CSI feedback, and so forth. Their PAL STUs may also be used to transmit legacy control channels (e.g., PDCCH, physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), and/or physical hybrid- ARQ indicator channel (PHICH)).
  • legacy control channels e.g., PDCCH, physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), and/or physical hybrid- ARQ indicator channel (PHICH)
  • GAA STUs may contain no cell-specific signals or channels (e.g., PSS/SSS, CRS, PDCCH, PCFICH, PHICH, and/or PBCH).
  • PDSCH and the enhanced PDCCH (and/or EPDCCH) may start from OFDM symbol zero in a GAA resource.
  • a UE may follow signaling in an LSA-RNTI codeword, with each bit corresponding to an STU.
  • an eNB may employ a carrier sensing/collision avoidance (CSCA) protocol for CSI-RS and/or DRS transmissions in a GAA resource.
  • CSCA carrier sensing/collision avoidance
  • the CSCA protocol may instruct the eNB to transmit CSI-RS and/or DRS in the GAA resource, and may instruct a UE to measure and report CSI and/or RRM measurements by also transmitting the PHY indicator with bits corresponding to the STUs of that GAA resources set to indicate activation (e.g., a value of "one").
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • RAN sharing may accordingly be achieved by a global
  • each operator may have a separate MAC scheduler, and spectrum may be shared via the semi-static allocation of STUs from a global LC.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates an Evolved Node B (eNB) and a User Equipment (UE), in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fig. 14 includes block diagrams of an eNB 1410 and a UE 1430 which are operable to co-exist with each other and other elements of a wireless cellular communications network. High-level, simplified architectures of eNB 1410 and UE 1430 are described so as not to obscure the embodiments. It should be noted that in some embodiments, eNB 1410 may be a stationary non-mobile device.
  • eNB 1410 is coupled to one or more antennas 1405, and UE 1430 is similarly coupled to one or more antennas 1425.
  • eNB 1410 may incorporate or comprise antennas 1405, and UE 1430 in various embodiments may incorporate or comprise antennas 1425.
  • antennas 1405 and/or antennas 1425 may comprise one or more directional or omni-directional antennas, including monopole antennas, dipole antennas, loop antennas, patch antennas, microstrip antennas, coplanar wave antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • antennas 1405 are separated to take advantage of spatial diversity.
  • eNB 1410 and UE 1430 are operable to communicate with each other on a network, such as a wireless network.
  • eNB 1410 and UE 1430 may be in communication with each other over a wireless communication channel 1450, which has both a downlink path from eNB 1410 to UE 1430 and an uplink path from UE 1430 to eNB 1410.
  • eNB 1410 may be an Evolved Node-B or other base station operable within a wireless cellular communications system, such as a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system, a 3 GPP LTE- Advanced system, or a 5 th Generation wireless system / 5 th Generation mobile networks (5G) system.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • LTE-Advanced system a 5G system
  • 5G 5th Generation mobile networks
  • eNB 1410 may include a physical layer circuitry 1412, a MAC (media access control) circuitry 1414, a processor 1416, a memory 1418, and a hardware processing circuitry 1420.
  • MAC media access control
  • physical layer circuitry 1412 includes a transceiver
  • Transceiver 1413 provides signals to and from UEs or other devices using one or more antennas 1405.
  • MAC circuitry 1414 controls access to the wireless medium.
  • Memory 1418 may be, or may include, a storage media/medium such as a magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tapes or magnetic disks), an optical storage media (e.g., optical discs), an electronic storage media (e.g., conventional hard disk drives, solid-state disk drives, or flash-memory-based storage media), or any tangible storage media or non-transitory storage media.
  • Hardware processing circuitry 1420 may comprise logic devices or circuitry to perform various operations. In some embodiments, processor 1416 and memory 1418 are arranged to perform the operations of hardware processing circuitry 1420, such as operations described herein with reference to logic devices and circuitry within eNB 1410 and/or hardware processing circuitry 1420.
  • UE 1430 may include a physical layer circuitry 1432, a MAC circuitry 1434, a processor 1436, a memory 1438, a hardware processing circuitry 1440, a wireless interface 1442, and a display 1444.
  • physical layer circuitry 1432 includes a transceiver
  • Transceiver 1433 for providing signals to and from eNB 1410 (as well as other eNBs).
  • Transceiver 1433 provides signals to and from eNBs or other devices using one or more antennas 1425.
  • MAC circuitry 1434 controls access to the wireless medium.
  • Memory 1438 may be, or may include, a storage media/medium such as a magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tapes or magnetic disks), an optical storage media (e.g., optical discs), an electronic storage media (e.g., conventional hard disk drives, solid-state disk drives, or flash- memory-based storage media), or any tangible storage media or non-transitory storage media.
  • Wireless interface 1442 may be arranged to allow the processor to communicate with another device.
  • Display 1444 may provide a visual and/or tactile display for a user to interact with UE 1430, such as a touch-screen display.
  • Hardware processing circuitry 1440 may comprise logic devices or circuitry to perform various operations.
  • processor 1436 and memory 1438 may be arranged to perform the operations of hardware processing circuitry 1440, such as operations described herein with reference to logic devices and circuitry within UE 1430 and/or hardware processing circuitry 1440.
  • FIG. 15-16 and 22 also depict embodiments of eNBs, hardware processing circuitry of eNBs, UEs, and/or hardware processing circuitry of UEs, and the embodiments described with respect to Fig. 14 and Figs. 15-16 and 22 can operate or function in the manner described herein with respect to any of the figures.
  • eNB 1410 and UE 1430 are each described as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements and/or other hardware elements.
  • the functional elements can refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements. Examples of software and/or hardware configured elements include Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more microprocessors, DSPs, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFICs), and so on.
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • FPGAs Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • RFICs Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a hardware processing circuitry for an eNB, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a hardware processing circuitry 1500 may comprise logic devices and/or circuitry operable to perform various operations.
  • eNB 1410 (or various elements or components therein, such as hardware processing circuitry 1420, or combinations of elements or components therein) may include part of, or all of, hardware processing circuitry 1500.
  • processor 1416 and memory 1418 (and/or other elements or components of eNB 1410) may be arranged to perform the operations of hardware processing circuitry 1500, such as operations described herein with reference to devices and circuitry within hardware processing circuitry 1500.
  • one or more devices or circuits of hardware processing circuitry 1500 may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements and/or other hardware elements.
  • hardware processing circuitry 1500 may comprise one or more antenna ports 1505 operable to provide various transmissions over a wireless communication channel (such as wireless communication channel 1450). Antenna ports 1505 may be coupled to one or more antennas 1507 (which may be antennas 1405). In some embodiments, hardware processing circuitry 1500 may incorporate antennas 1507, while in other embodiments, hardware processing circuitry 1500 may merely be coupled to antennas 1507.
  • Antenna ports 1505 and antennas 1507 may be operable to provide signals from an eNB to a wireless communications channel and/or a UE, and may be operable to provide signals from a UE and/or a wireless communications channel to an eNB.
  • antenna ports 1505 and antennas 1507 may be operable to provide transmissions from eNB 1410 to wireless communication channel 1450 (and from there to UE 1430, or to another UE).
  • antennas 1507 and antenna ports 1505 may be operable to provide transmissions from a wireless communication channel 1450 (and beyond that, from UE 1430, or another UE) to eNB 1410.
  • an apparatus of eNB 1410 may be operable to communicate with a UE on a wireless network, and may comprise hardware processing circuitry 1500.
  • the eNB (or other base station) may be a device comprising an application processor, a memory, one or more antenna ports, and an interface for allowing the application processor to communicate with another device.
  • Hardware processing circuitry 1500 may include circuitry and/or logic devices operable to provide PDCCH transmissions having CRC bits scrambled with an LSA-RNTI and bearing an LSA-RNTI codeword.
  • the LSA-RNTI codeword may indicate a channel deactivation/activation status as discussed above.
  • an eNB or other base station comprising one or more processors may generate a plurality of channel status activation indicators.
  • the eNB's processors may encode the plurality of indicators into a Downlink Control Information (DCI) codeword, may scramble the cyclic redundancy check bits of the DCI with a predetermined sequence, and may generate the DCI codeword to a UE as part of a DCI transmission on a physical control channel.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • Hardware processing circuitry 1500 may comprise a first circuitry 1510, a second circuitry 1520, and a third circuitry 1530.
  • First circuitry 1510 may be operable to provide a plurality of channel/CC status activation indicators 1515.
  • Each channel/CC status activation indicator 1515 may correspond to activation/deactivation channel/CC status for one wireless communication channel, such as a CC.
  • the circuitries and procedures described herein with respect to channels may also be applicable with respect to CCs.
  • each channel/CC status activation indicator 1515 may correspond to activation/deactivation channel/CC status for one or more STUs in an LSA system, or for one or more frequency bands in an LSA spectrum.
  • eNB 1410 may determine each
  • eNB 1410 may sense interference or other activity by receiving reports, such as measurement reports from a UE, or reports from another component of a RAN comprising eNB 1410.
  • Second circuitry 1520 may be operable to encode channel/CC status activation indicators 1515 into an LSA-RNTI codeword 1525.
  • second circuitry 1520 may be operable to scramble a plurality of CRC bits of a DCI transmission with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • the predetermined bit sequence may specify a channel/CC activation-and-deactivation RNTI, such as the LSA-RNTI discussed above.
  • Third circuitry 1530 may be operable to transmit LSA-RNTI codeword 1525 to a UE as part of a DCI transmission.
  • third circuitry 1530 may provide LSA- RNTI codeword 1525 to antenna ports 1505 and/or antennas 1507 as part of a DL transmission over a wireless communication channel/CC.
  • the DCI transmission may be a PDCCH transmission.
  • the format of the DCI transmission may be Format 1C.
  • first circuitry 1510, second circuitry 1520, and third circuitry 1530 may be implemented as separate circuitries.
  • first circuitry 1510, second circuitry 1520, and third circuitry 1530 may be combined and implemented together in a circuitry without altering the essence of the embodiments.
  • processor 1416 (and/or one or more other processors which eNB 1410 may comprise) may be arranged to perform the operations of first circuitry 1510, second circuitry 1520, and/or third circuitry 1530.
  • first circuitry 1510, second circuitry 1520, and/or third circuitry 1530 may accordingly be implemented by various combinations of software-configured elements (e.g., processor 1416, and/or one or more other processors) and/or other hardware elements.
  • processor 1416 (and/or one or more other processors which eNB 1410 may comprise) may be a baseband processor.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a hardware processing circuitry for a UE, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a hardware processing circuitry 1600 may comprise logic devices and/or circuitry operable to perform various operations.
  • UE 1430 (or various elements or components therein, such as hardware processing circuitry 1440, or combinations of elements or components therein) may include part of, or all of, hardware processing circuitry 1600.
  • processor 1436 and memory 1438 (and/or other elements or components of UE 1430) may be arranged to perform various operations of hardware processing circuitry 1600, such as operations described herein with reference to devices and circuitry within hardware processing circuitry 1600.
  • one or more devices or circuits of hardware processing circuitry 1600 may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements and/or other hardware elements.
  • hardware processing circuitry 1600 may comprise one or more antenna ports 1605 operable to provide various transmissions over a wireless communication channel (such as wireless communication channel 1450). Antenna ports 1605 may be coupled to one or more antennas 1607 (which may be antennas 1405). In some embodiments, hardware processing circuitry 1600 may incorporate antennas 1607, while in other embodiments, hardware processing circuitry 1600 may merely be coupled to antennas 1607.
  • Antenna ports 1605 and antennas 1607 may be operable to provide signals from a UE to a wireless communications channel and/or an eNB, and may be operable to provide signals from an eNB and/or a wireless communications channel to a UE.
  • antenna ports 1605 and antennas 1607 may be operable to provide transmissions from UE 1430 to wireless communication channel 1450 (and from there to eNB 1410, or to another eNB).
  • antennas 1607 and antenna ports 1605 may be operable to provide transmissions from a wireless communication channel 1450 (and beyond that, from eNB 1410, or another eNB) to UE 1430.
  • an apparatus of UE 1430 may be operable to communicate with an eNB on a wireless network, and may comprise hardware processing circuitry 1600.
  • the UE (or other mobile handset) may be a device comprising an application processor, a memory, one or more antennas, a wireless interface for allowing the application processor to communicate with another device, and a touch-screen display.
  • Hardware processing circuitry 1600 may include circuitry and/or logic devices operable to process PDCCH transmissions having CRC bits scrambled with an LSA-RNTI and bearing an LSA-RNTI codeword.
  • the bits of the LSA-RNTI codeword may indicate channel/CC deactivation/activation status as discussed above.
  • a UE or other mobile handset comprising one or more processors may process a DCI transmission from an eNB, the DCI transmission including a DCI codeword.
  • the UE's processors may decode a plurality of channel status activation indicators from the DCI codeword, may check if the cyclic redundancy bits of the DCI are scrambled with a predetermined sequence, and may trigger a plurality of physical layer activation-and- deactivation circuitries based on the plurality of channel status activation indicators.
  • Hardware processing circuitry 1600 may comprise a first circuitry 1610, a second circuitry 1620, and a third circuitry 1630.
  • First circuitry 1610 may be operable to receive a DCI transmission from eNB 1410 (or another base station).
  • DCI transmission may be a PDCCH transmission.
  • the format of DCI transmission may be Format 1C, and DCI transmission 1615 may include an LSA-RNTI codeword.
  • Second circuitry 1620 may be operable to decode a plurality of channel/CC status activation indicators 1625 from the LSA-RNTI codeword. Each channel/CC status activation indicator 1625 may correspond to activation/deactivation channel/CC status for one wireless communication channel, such as a CC. Moreover, the circuitries and procedures described herein with respect to channels may also be applicable with respect to CCs. In some embodiments, second circuitry 1620 may be operable to descramble a plurality of CRC bits of DCI transmission 1615 with a predetermined bit sequence. In such embodiments, the predetermined bit sequence may specify an activation-and-deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), such as the LSA-RNTI discussed above.
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Third circuitry 1630 may be operable to trigger a plurality of physical layer activation-and-deactivation circuitries based on channel/CC status activation indicators 1625. In some embodiments, third circuitry 1630 may be operable to trigger a physical layer activation-and-deactivation circuitry to initiate an activation sequence for a particular channel/CC when the channel/CC status activation indicator 1625 corresponding to that particular channel/CC has a value of "one.” In some embodiments, third circuitry 1630 may be operable to trigger a physical layer activation-and-deactivation circuitry to initiate a deactivation sequence for a particular channel/CC when the channel/CC status activation indicator 1625 corresponding to that particular channel/CC has a value of "zero.” (In some embodiments, the interpretations given to values of "one” and "zero" may be reversed.)
  • first circuitry 1610, second circuitry 1620, and third circuitry 1630 may be implemented as separate circuitries. In other embodiments, one or more of first circuitry 1610, second circuitry 1620, and third circuitry 1630 may be combined and implemented together in a circuitry without altering the essence of the embodiments.
  • processor 1436 (and/or one or more other processors which UE 1430 may comprise) may be arranged to perform the operations of first circuitry 1610, second circuitry 1620, and/or third circuitry 1630.
  • first circuitry 1610, second circuitry 1620, and/or third circuitry 1630 may accordingly be implemented by various combinations of software-configured elements (e.g., processor 1436, and/or one or more other processors) and/or other hardware elements.
  • processor 1436 and/or one or more other processors which UE 1430 may comprise
  • Fig. 17 illustrates methods for an eNB to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Method 1700 may comprise a provision 1710, an encoding 1720, and a transmission 1730.
  • provision 1710 a plurality of channel/CC status activation indicators may be provided for an eNB (or other base station).
  • the plurality of channel/CC status activation indicators may be encoded into an LSA-RNTI codeword.
  • the LSA-RNTI codeword may be transmitted to a UE (or other mobile handset) as part of a DCI
  • the DCI transmission may be a PDCCH transmission.
  • a format of the DCI transmission may be Format 1C.
  • the DCI transmission may have CRC scrambled with an RNTI, such as the LSA-RNTI discussed above.
  • method 1700 may comprise a scrambling 1750.
  • scrambling 1750 a plurality of CRC bits of the DCI transmission may be scrambled with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • the predetermined bit sequence may be an RNTI, such as the LSA-RNTI discussed above.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates methods for a UE to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Method 1800 may comprise a receiving 1810, a decoding 1820, and an establishing 1830.
  • a UE or other mobile handset
  • decoding 1820 a plurality of channel/CC status activation indicators may be decoded from the LSA-RNTI codeword.
  • establishing 1830 a plurality of physical layer activation indicators may be established based on the plurality of channel/CC status activation indicators.
  • the DCI transmission may be a PDCCH transmission.
  • a format of DCI transmission may be Format 1C.
  • the DCI transmission may have CRC scrambled with an RNTI, such as the LSA-RNTI discussed above.
  • method 1800 may comprise a descrambling 1840.
  • descrambling 1840 a plurality of CRC bits of the DCI transmission may be descrambled with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • the predetermined bit sequence may be an RNTI, such as the LSA-RNTI discussed above.
  • the third circuitry may be operable to establish a physical layer activation indicator based upon one of the channel/CC status activation indicators.
  • the physical layer activation indicator may be asserted when the status activation indicator has a value of "1".
  • the physical layer activation indicator may be de-asserted when the status activation indicator has a value of "0". (In some embodiments, the interpretations given to values of "one" and “zero” may be reversed.)
  • Figs. 19A-19B illustrate methods for a UE to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • method 1900 may include a receiving 1901, a descrambling 1902, a performing 1903, and an extracting 1904.
  • a UE may receive a DL transmission including DCI.
  • descrambling 1902 a plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission may be descrambled with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits.
  • performing 1903 a CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled CRC bits may be performed.
  • a codeword may be extracted from the DCI if the CRC check passes.
  • the codeword may have a plurality of bits corresponding to a plurality of channels/CCs, for which values of "one” may indicate that the corresponding channels/CCs should be activated, and values of "zero” may indicate that the corresponding channels/CCs should be deactivated. (In some embodiments, the interpretations given to values of "one” and “zero” may be reversed.)
  • Method 1900 may also include an initiating 1905 and an initiating 1906.
  • initiating 1905 a deactivation procedure for a currently-activated CC may be initiated when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates that the CC should be deactivated.
  • initiating 1906 an activation procedure for a currently-deactivated CC may be initiated when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates that the CC should be activated.
  • the DL transmission may be received on a PDCCH, and the plurality of bits of the codeword may correspond to CCs in increasing order of a configured index of the CCs.
  • method 1900 may include an aborting 1910.
  • aborting 1910 a UL transmission for a currently-activated CC may be aborted when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates that the CC should be deactivated.
  • Some embodiments of method 1900 may comprise an initiating 1915 and a transmitting 1916.
  • initiating 1915 an RLF procedure may be initiated for a currently- activated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates that the CC should be deactivated, and when the CC is configured as a PCell for the UE.
  • transmitting 1916 a PRACH transmission may be transmitted to a recipient that is one of a cell operating on a spectrum with a traditional licensing scheme, or a CC indicated in the codeword as being activated.
  • the UE may be configured with one or more cells to which a PRACH transmission may be transmitted when an RLF procedure is initiated.
  • Method 1900 may, in some embodiments, comprise a receiving 1920.
  • the predetermined bit sequence may be received via a System Information transmission.
  • the predetermined bit sequence may be received via a System Information transmission.
  • method 1900 may additionally comprise a configuring 1930, a taking 1931, and a refraining 1932.
  • configuring 1930 a UE may be configured for RRM measurements on one or more CCs.
  • taking 1931 RRM
  • RRM measurements may be taken for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating that the CC should be activated (such as by being set to “one”).
  • RRM measurements may remain untaken for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating that the CC should be deactivated (such as by being set to "zero").
  • some embodiments of method 1900 may comprise a configuring 1935, a descrambling 1936, a performing 1937, and an extracting 1938.
  • a UE may be configured with a predetermined RRM-control bit sequence for descrambling the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission.
  • descrambling 1936 the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission may be descrambled with respect to the predetermined RRM-control bit sequence in order to generate a plurality of descrambled RRM-control CRC bits.
  • an RRM-control CRC check of the DL transmission may be performed against the plurality of descrambled RRM-control CRC bits.
  • an RRM-control codeword may be extracted from the DCI if the RRM- control CRC check passes.
  • the RRM-control codeword may have a plurality of bits corresponding to the plurality of CCs.
  • values of "one” may indicate that RRM measurements for the corresponding CCs should be taken, while values of "zero” may indicate that RRM measurements for the corresponding CCs should remain untaken. (In some embodiments, the interpretations given to values of "one” and "zero" may be reversed.)
  • Method 1900 may, in some embodiments, comprise a receiving 1940.
  • the predetermined RRM-control bit sequence may be received via an SI transmission.
  • the predetermined RRM-control bit sequence may be received via an RRC configuration transmission.
  • method 1900 may additionally comprise a configuring 1945, a taking 1946, and a refraining 1947.
  • configuring 1945 the UE may be configured for CSI measurements on one or more CCs.
  • taking 1946 CSI measurements may be taken for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating that the CC should be activated (such as by being set to "one").
  • refraining 1947 CSI measurements may remain untaken for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating that the CC should be deactivated (such as by being set to "zero”).
  • Some embodiments of method 1900 may comprise a configuring 1950, a descrambling 1951, a performing 1952, and an extracting 1953.
  • a UE may be configured with a predetermined CSI-control bit sequence for descrambling the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission.
  • the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission may be descrambled with respect to the predetermined CSI- control bit sequence in order to generate a plurality of descrambled CSI-control CRC bits.
  • a CSI-control CRC check of the DL transmission may be performed against the plurality of descrambled CSI-control CRC bits.
  • a CSI-control codeword may be extracted from the DCI if the CSI-control CRC check passes.
  • the CSI-control codeword may have a plurality of bits corresponding to the plurality of CCs.
  • values of "one” may indicate that CSI measurements for the corresponding CCs should be taken, while values of "zero” may indicate that CSI measurements for the corresponding CCs should be remain untaken. (In some embodiments, the interpretations given to values of "one” and “zero” may be reversed.)
  • Method 1900 may, in some embodiments, comprise a receiving 1955.
  • the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence may be received via an SI transmission.
  • the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence may be received via an RRC configuration transmission.
  • method 1900 may comprise a receiving 1960.
  • One of an activation of a channel/CC and a deactivation of a channel/CC may be preceded by a modification period based upon an SFN.
  • the DL transmission including DCI may be received a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • Various embodiments of method 1900 may include a configuring 1965.
  • a radio front end of the UE may be configured with one or more individual spectral radiation masks.
  • a radio front end of the UE may be configured with a spectral radiation mask for one or more channels/CCs.
  • the predetermined bit sequence may be an
  • the predetermined RRM-control bit sequence may be an RNTI
  • the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence may be an RNTI
  • Fig. 20 illustrates methods for a UE to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Method 2000 may comprise a receiving 2010, a descrambling 2020, a performing 2030, an extracting 2040, a detecting 2050, an initiating 2060, and a transmitting 2070.
  • a UE may receive a DL transmission including DCI.
  • descrambling 2020 a plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission may be descrambled with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits.
  • a CRC check of the DL transmission may be performed against the plurality of descrambled CRC bits.
  • extracting 2040 a codeword may be extracted from the DCI if the CRC check passes.
  • the codeword may have a plurality of bits corresponding to a plurality of CCs or channels.
  • Values of "one” may indicate that the corresponding channels/CCs should be activated, while values of "zero” may indicate that the corresponding channels/CCs should be deactivated. (In some embodiments, the interpretations given to values of "one” and “zero” may be reversed.)
  • an RLF procedure may be initiated for the LSA CC.
  • a PRACH transmission may be transmitted to a recipient that is either a cell operated on spectrum with a traditional licensing scheme, or a CC indicated in the codeword as being activated.
  • the UE may be configured with one or more cells to which a PRACH transmission may be transmitted when an RLF procedure is initiated.
  • one of an activation of a channel/CC and a deactivation of a channel/CC is preceded by a modification period based upon an SFN.
  • Method 2000 may also comprise a receiving 2080, in which the DL transmission may be received a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • the predetermined bit sequence may be an RNTI.
  • Fig. 21 illustrates methods for a UE to support physical-layer-based CC or channel activation in LSA systems, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Method 2100 may comprise a receiving 2110, a descrambling 2120, a performing 2130, and an extracting 2140.
  • receiving 2110 a UE may receive a DL transmission including DCI.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • a plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission may be descrambled with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits.
  • a CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled CRC bits may be performed.
  • a codeword may be extracted from the DCI if the CRC check passes.
  • the codeword may have a plurality of bits corresponding to a plurality of channels or CCs of predefined bandwidth. Values of "one" may indicate that the corresponding channels/CCs should be activated, while values of "zero" may indicate that the corresponding channels/CCs should be deactivated. (In some embodiments, the
  • Various embodiments of method 2100 may include a configuring 2150.
  • a radio front end of the UE may be configured with one or more individual spectral radiation masks.
  • a radio front end of the UE may be configured with a spectral radiation mask for one or more channels/CCs.
  • an activation of a channel/CC and/or a deactivation of a channel/CC may be preceded by a modification period based upon an SFN.
  • the DL transmission may be received a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • the predetermined bit sequence may be an RNTI.
  • machine readable storage media may have executable instructions that, when executed, cause an eNB (such as eNB 1410) to perform an operation comprising method 1700.
  • machine readable storage media may have executable instructions that, when executed, cause a UE (such as UE 1430) to perform an operation comprising one or more of method 1800, method 1900, method 2000, and method 2100.
  • Such machine readable storage media may include any of a variety of storage media, like magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tapes or magnetic disks), optical storage media (e.g., optical discs), electronic storage media (e.g., conventional hard disk drives, solid-state disk drives, or flash-memory-based storage media), or any other tangible storage media or non-transitory storage media.
  • Fig. 22 illustrates example components of a UE device 2200, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the UE device 2200 may include application circuitry 2202, baseband circuitry 2204, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 2206, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 2208, a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR), and one or more antennas 2210, coupled together at least as shown.
  • the UE device 2200 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface.
  • the application circuitry 2202 may include one or more application processors.
  • the application circuitry 2202 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.).
  • the processors may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.
  • the baseband circuitry 2204 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the baseband circuitry 2204 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 2206 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 2206.
  • Baseband processing circuity 2204 may interface with the application circuitry 2202 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 2206.
  • the baseband circuitry 2204 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 2204a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 2204b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 2204c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 2204d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.).
  • the baseband circuitry 2204 e.g., one or more of baseband processors 2204a-d
  • the radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc.
  • modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 2204 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality.
  • FFT Fast-Fourier Transform
  • encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 2204 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • the baseband circuitry 2204 may include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an EUTRAN protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or RRC elements.
  • a central processing unit (CPU) 2204e of the baseband circuitry 2204 may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers.
  • the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 2204f.
  • DSP audio digital signal processor
  • the audio DSP(s) 2204f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments.
  • Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments.
  • some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 2204 and the application circuitry 2202 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).
  • SOC system on a chip
  • the baseband circuitry 2204 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.
  • the baseband circuitry 2204 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • multi-mode baseband circuitry Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 2204 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol.
  • RF circuitry 2206 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.
  • the RF circuitry 2206 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.
  • RF circuitry 2206 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 2208 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 2204.
  • RF circuitry 2206 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up- convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 2204 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 2208 for transmission.
  • the RF circuitry 2206 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 2206 may include mixer circuitry 2206a, amplifier circuitry 2206b and filter circuitry 2206c.
  • the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 2206 may include filter circuitry 2206c and mixer circuitry 2206a.
  • RF circuitry 2206 may also include synthesizer circuitry 2206d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 2206a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path.
  • the mixer circuitry 2206a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 2208 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 2206d.
  • the amplifier circuitry 2206b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 2206c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals.
  • LPF low-pass filter
  • BPF band-pass filter
  • Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 2204 for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 2206a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 2206a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 2206d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 2208.
  • the baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 2204 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 2206c.
  • the filter circuitry 2206c may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 2206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 2206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 2206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 2206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rej ection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry 2206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 2206a may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 2206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 2206a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals.
  • the RF circuitry 2206 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 2204 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 2206.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 2206d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 2206d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 2206d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 2206a of the RF circuitry 2206 based on a frequency input and a divider control input.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 2206d may be a fractional N/N+l synthesizer.
  • frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 2204 or the applications processor 2202 depending on the desired output frequency.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 2202.
  • Synthesizer circuitry 2206d of the RF circuitry 2206 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator.
  • the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DP A).
  • the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+l (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio.
  • the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop.
  • the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
  • Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
  • synthesizer circuitry 2206d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other.
  • the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO).
  • the RF circuitry 2206 may include an IQ/polar converter.
  • FEM circuitry 2208 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 2210, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 2206 for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 2208 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 2206 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 2210.
  • the FEM circuitry 2208 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation.
  • the FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 2206).
  • LNA low-noise amplifier
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 2208 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 2206), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 2210.
  • PA power amplifier
  • the UE 2200 comprises a plurality of power saving mechanisms. If the UE 2200 is in an RRC_Connected state, where it is still connected to the eNB as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.
  • DRX Discontinuous Reception Mode
  • the 2200 may transition off to an RRC Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc.
  • the UE 2200 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again.
  • the device cannot receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it should transition back to RRC Connected state.
  • An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
  • DRAM Dynamic RAM
  • Example 1 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform an operation comprising: process, for a User Equipment (UE), a Downlink (DL) transmission including Downlink Control Information (DCI); descramble a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DL transmission with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits; perform a CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled CRC bits; and extract a codeword from the DCI if the if the CRC check passes, the codeword having a plurality of bits corresponding to plurality of Component Carriers (CCs), wherein one of values of T and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding CCs should be activated, and wherein one of values of T and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding CCs should be deactivated.
  • CCs Component Carriers
  • the machine readable storage media of example 1 comprising: initiate a deactivation procedure for a currently-activated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates the CC should be deactivated; and initiate an activation procedure for a currently-deactivated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates the CC should be activated, wherein the DL transmission is received on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH); and wherein the plurality of bits of the codeword correspond to CCs in increasing order of a configured index of the CCs.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 3 the machine readable storage media of either of examples 1 or 2, the operation comprising: abort an Uplink (UL) transmission for a currently-activated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates that the CC should be deactivated.
  • UL Uplink
  • RLF Radio Link Failure
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • example 5 the machine readable storage media of example 4, wherein the UE is configured with one or more cells to which a PRACH transmission will be transmitted when a RLF procedure is initiated.
  • example 6 the machine readable storage media of any of examples 1 through 5, the operation comprising: process the predetermined bit sequence via a System Information (SI) transmission.
  • SI System Information
  • example 7 the machine readable storage media of any of examples 1 through 5, the operation comprising: process the predetermined bit sequence via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration transmission.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • RRM Radio Resource Management
  • the machine readable storage media of example 9 the operation comprising: process the predetermined RRM-control bit sequence via a System Information (SI) transmission.
  • SI System Information
  • the machine readable storage media of example 9 the operation comprising: process the predetermined bit sequence via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration transmission.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • CSI Channel State Information
  • the machine readable storage media of example 13 the operation comprising: process the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence via a System Information (SI) transmission.
  • SI System Information
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • SFN System Frame Number
  • the machine readable storage media of example 16 the operation comprising: process the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • the machine readable storage media of example 1 comprising: configure a radio front end of the UE with one or more individual spectral radiation masks.
  • example 19 the machine readable storage media of either of examples 1 or 18, the operation comprising: configure a radio front end of the UE with a spectral radiation mask for one or more channels adjacent to an activated channel.
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 21 provides a method comprising: processing, for a User Equipment
  • UE Downlink
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 22 the method of example 21, comprising: initiating a
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 24 the method of any of examples 21 through 23, comprising: initiating a Radio Link Failure (RLF) procedure for a currently-activated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates the CC should be deactivated, and when the CC is configured as a Primary Cell (PCell) for the UE; and generate a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission to a recipient that is one of: a cell operated on spectrum with a traditional licensing scheme, or a CC indicated in the codeword as being activated.
  • RLF Radio Link Failure
  • PCell Primary Cell
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • example 25 the method of example 24, wherein the UE is configured with one or more cells to which a PRACH transmission will be transmitted when a RLF procedure is initiated.
  • example 26 the method of any of examples 21 through 25, comprising: processing the predetermined bit sequence via a System Information (SI) transmission.
  • SI System Information
  • example 27 the method of any of examples 21 through 25, comprising: processing the predetermined bit sequence via a Radio Resource Control (RRC)
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • example 28 the method of any of examples 21 through 27, comprising: configuring the UE for Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements on one or more CCs; taking RRM measurements for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating the CC should be activated; and refraining from taking RRM measurements for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating the CC should be deactivated.
  • RRM Radio Resource Management
  • any of examples 21 through 28, comprising: configuring the UE with a predetermined RRM-control bit sequence for descrambling the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission; descrambling the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission with respect to the predetermined RRM-control bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled RRM-control CRC bits; performing an RRM-control CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled RRM-control CRC bits; and extracting an RRM-control codeword from the DCI if the RRM-control CRC check passes, the RRM-control codeword having a plurality of bits corresponding to the plurality of CCs, wherein one of values of ⁇ ' and '0' is to indicate that RRM measurements for the corresponding CCs should be activated, and wherein one of values of T and '0' is to indicate that RRM measurements for the corresponding CCs should be deactivated.
  • example 30 the method of example 29, comprising: processing the predetermined RRM-control bit sequence via a System Information (SI) transmission.
  • SI System Information
  • example 31 the method of example 29, comprising: processing the predetermined bit sequence via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration transmission.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • example 32 the method of any of examples 21 through 31, comprising: configuring the UE for Channel State Information (CSI) measurements on one or more CCs; taking CSI measurements for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating the CC should be activated; and refraining from taking CSI measurements for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating the CC should be deactivated.
  • CSI Channel State Information
  • example 33 the method of any of examples 21 through 32, comprising: configuring the UE with a predetermined CSI-control bit sequence for descrambling the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission; descrambling the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission with respect to the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CSI-control CRC bits; performing a CSI-control CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled CSI-control CRC bits; and extracting a CSI-control codeword from the DCI if the CSI-control CRC check passes, the CSI-control codeword having a plurality of bits corresponding to the plurality of CCs, wherein one of values of ⁇ ' and '0' is to indicate that CSI measurements for the corresponding CCs should be activated, and wherein one of values of ⁇ ' and '0' is to indicate that CSI measurements for the corresponding CCs should be de
  • example 34 the method of example 33, comprising: processing the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence via a System Information (SI) transmission.
  • SI System Information
  • example 35 the method of example 33, comprising: processing the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration transmission.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • example 36 the method of any of examples 21 through 34, wherein one of an activation of a CC and a deactivation of a CC is preceded by a modification period based upon a System Frame Number (SFN).
  • SFN System Frame Number
  • example 37 the method of example 36, comprising: processing the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • the method of example 21 comprising: configuring a radio front end of the UE with one or more individual spectral radiation masks.
  • a radio front end of the UE configuring a radio front end of the UE with a spectral radiation mask for one or more channels adjacent to an activated channel.
  • example 40 the method of any of examples 21 through 39, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 41 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of examples 21 through 40.
  • Example 42 provides an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the UE being operable to communicate with a base station on a wireless network, comprising: means for processing, for a User Equipment (UE), a Downlink (DL) transmission including Downlink Control Information (DCI); means for descrambling a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DL transmission with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits; means for performing a CRC check of the DL
  • UE User Equipment
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • the apparatus of example 42 comprising: means for initiating a deactivation procedure for a currently-activated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates the CC should be deactivated; and means for initiating an activation procedure for a currently-deactivated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates the CC should be activated, wherein the DL transmission is received on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH); and wherein the plurality of bits of the codeword correspond to CCs in increasing order of a configured index of the CCs.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 44 the apparatus of either of examples 42 or 43, comprising: means for aborting an Uplink (UL) transmission for a currently-activated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates that the CC should be deactivated.
  • UL Uplink
  • the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 44 comprising: means for initiating a Radio Link Failure (RLF) procedure for a currently-activated CC when the corresponding bit of the codeword indicates the CC should be deactivated, and when the CC is configured as a Primary Cell (PCell) for the UE; and means for generate a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission to a recipient that is one of: a cell operated on spectrum with a traditional licensing scheme, or a CC indicated in the codeword as being activated.
  • RLF Radio Link Failure
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • example 46 the apparatus of example 45, wherein the UE is configured with one or more cells to which a PRACH transmission will be transmitted when a RLF procedure is initiated.
  • example 47 the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 46, comprising: means for processing the predetermined bit sequence via a System Information (SI) transmission.
  • SI System Information
  • example 48 the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 46, comprising: means for processing the predetermined bit sequence via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration transmission.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 48 comprising: means for configuring the UE for Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements on one or more CCs; means for taking RRM measurements for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating the CC should be activated; and means for refraining from taking RRM measurements for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating the CC should be deactivated.
  • RRM Radio Resource Management
  • the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 49 comprising: means for configuring the UE with a predetermined RRM-control bit sequence for descrambling the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission; means for descrambling the plurality of CRC bits of the DL transmission with respect to the predetermined RRM-control bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled RRM-control CRC bits; means for performing an RRM-control CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled RRM-control CRC bits; and means for extracting an RRM-control codeword from the DCI if the RRM-control CRC check passes, the RRM-control codeword having a plurality of bits corresponding to the plurality of CCs, wherein one of values of ⁇ ' and '0' is to indicate that RRM measurements for the corresponding CCs should be activated, and wherein one of values of ⁇ ' and '0' is to indicate that RRM measurements for the corresponding
  • example 52 the apparatus of example 50, comprising: means for processing the predetermined bit sequence via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration transmission.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • example 53 the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 52, comprising: means for configuring the UE for Channel State Information (CSI) measurements on one or more CCs; means for taking CSI measurements for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating the CC should be activated; and means for refraining from taking CSI measurements for a CC upon the corresponding bit of the codeword indicating the CC should be deactivated.
  • CSI Channel State Information
  • example 54 the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 53, comprising: means for configuring the UE with a predetermined CSI-control bit sequence for
  • example 55 the apparatus of example 54, comprising: means for processing the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence via a System Information (SI) transmission.
  • SI System Information
  • example 56 the apparatus of example 54, comprising: means for processing the predetermined CSI-control bit sequence via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration transmission.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • example 57 the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 55, wherein one of an activation of a CC and a deactivation of a CC is preceded by a modification period based upon a System Frame Number (SFN).
  • SFN System Frame Number
  • the apparatus of example 57 comprising: means for processing the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • the apparatus of example 42 comprising: means for configuring a radio front end of the UE with one or more individual spectral radiation masks.
  • example 60 the apparatus of either of examples 42 or 59, comprising: means for configuring a radio front end of the UE with a spectral radiation mask for one or more channels adjacent to an activated channel.
  • example 61 the apparatus of any of examples 42 through 60, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 62 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform an operation comprising: process, for a User Equipment (UE), a Downlink (DL) transmission including Downlink Control Information (DCI); descramble a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DL transmission with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits; perform a CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled CRC bits; extract a codeword from the DCI if the if the CRC check passes, the codeword having a plurality of bits corresponding to a plurality of Component Carriers (CCs), wherein one of values of T and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding CCs should be activated, and wherein one of values of T and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding CCs should be deactivated; detect incumbent activity on a Licensed Shared Access (LS)
  • example 63 the machine readable storage media of example 62, wherein the UE is configured with one or more cells to which a PRACH transmission will be transmitted when a RLF procedure is initiated.
  • example 64 the machine readable storage media of either of examples 62 or
  • the machine readable storage media of any of examples 62 through 64 the operation comprising: process the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • the machine readable storage media of any of examples 62 through 64 the operation comprising: process the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • the predetermined bit sequence is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 67 provides a method comprising: processing, for a User Equipment
  • UE Downlink
  • DL Downlink
  • DO Downlink Control Information
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 68 the method of example 67, wherein the UE is configured with one or more cells to which a PRACH transmission will be transmitted when a RLF procedure is initiated.
  • example 69 the method of either of examples 67 or 68, wherein one of an activation of a CC and a deactivation of a CC is preceded by a modification period based upon a System Frame Number (SFN).
  • SFN System Frame Number
  • example 70 the method of any of examples 67 through 69, comprising: processing the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • example 71 the method of any of examples 67 through 70, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 72 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of examples 67 through 71.
  • Example 73 provides an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the UE being operable to communicate with a base station on a wireless network, comprising: means for processing a Downlink (DL) transmission including Downlink Control Information (DCI); means for descrambling a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DL transmission with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits; means for performing a CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled CRC bits; means for extracting a codeword from the DCI if the if the CRC check passes, the codeword having a plurality of bits corresponding to a plurality of Component Carriers (CCs), wherein one of values of ⁇ ' and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding CCs should be activated, and wherein one of values of T and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding CCs should be deactivated; means for detecting incumbent activity
  • DCI
  • example 74 the apparatus of example 73, wherein the UE is configured with one or more cells to which a PRACH transmission will be transmitted when a RLF procedure is initiated.
  • example 75 the apparatus of either of examples 73 or 74, wherein one of an activation of a CC and a deactivation of a CC is preceded by a modification period based upon a System Frame Number (SFN).
  • SFN System Frame Number
  • example 76 the apparatus of any of examples 73 through 75, comprising: means for processing the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • example 77 the apparatus of any of examples 73 through 76, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 78 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform an operation comprising: process, for a User Equipment (UE), a Downlink (DL) transmission including Downlink Control Information (DCI); descramble a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DL transmission with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits; perform a CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled CRC bits; and extract a codeword from the DCI if the if the CRC check passes, the codeword having a plurality of bits corresponding to a plurality of channels of predefined bandwidths, wherein one of values of T and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding channels should be activated, and wherein one of values of T and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding channels should be deactivated.
  • UE User Equipment
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • CRC Cyclic
  • example 79 the machine readable storage media of example 78, the operation comprising: configure a radio front end of the UE with one or more individual spectral radiation masks.
  • example 80 the machine readable storage media of example 78 through 79, the operation comprising: configure a radio front end of the UE with a spectral radiation mask for one or more channels adjacent to an activated channel.
  • example 81 the machine readable storage media of any of examples 78 through 80, wherein one of an activation of a channel and a deactivation of a channel is preceded by a modification period based upon a System Frame Number (SFN).
  • SFN System Frame Number
  • example 82 the machine readable storage media of any of examples 78 through 81 , the operation comprising: process the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • example 83 the machine readable storage media of any of examples 78 through 82, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 84 provides a method comprising: processing, for a User Equipment
  • UE Downlink
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 85 the method of example 84, comprising: configuring a radio front end of the UE with one or more individual spectral radiation masks.
  • example 86 the method of example 84 through 85, comprising: configuring a radio front end of the UE with a spectral radiation mask for one or more channels adjacent to an activated channel.
  • example 87 the method of any of examples 84 through 86, wherein one of an activation of a channel and a deactivation of a channel is preceded by a modification period based upon a System Frame Number (SFN).
  • SFN System Frame Number
  • example 88 the method of any of examples 84 through 87, comprising: processing the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • example 89 the method of any of examples 84 through 88, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 90 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of examples 84 through 89.
  • Example 91 provides an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the UE being operable to communicate with a base station on a wireless network, comprising: means for processing a Downlink (DL) transmission including Downlink Control Information (DCI); means for descrambling a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DL transmission with respect to a predetermined bit sequence to generate a plurality of descrambled CRC bits; means for performing a CRC check of the DL transmission against the plurality of descrambled CRC bits; and means for extracting a codeword from the DCI if the if the CRC check passes, the codeword having a plurality of bits corresponding to a plurality of channels of predefined bandwidths, wherein one of values of ⁇ ' and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding channels should be activated, and wherein one of values of ⁇ ' and '0' is to indicate that the corresponding channels should be deactivated.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • example 92 the apparatus of example 91, comprising: means for configuring a radio front end of the UE with one or more individual spectral radiation masks.
  • example 93 the apparatus of example 91 through 92, comprising: means for configuring a radio front end of the UE with a spectral radiation mask for one or more channels adjacent to an activated channel.
  • example 94 the apparatus of any of examples 91 through 93, wherein one of an activation of a channel and a deactivation of a channel is preceded by a modification period based upon a System Frame Number (SFN).
  • SFN System Frame Number
  • the apparatus of any of examples 91 through 94 comprising: means for processing the DL transmission including DCI a plurality of times during the modification period.
  • the apparatus of any of examples 91 through 95 wherein the predetermined bit sequence is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 97 provides an apparatus of a base station, the base station being operable to communicate with a User Equipment (UE) on a wireless network, comprising: one or more processors to: generate a plurality of channel status activation indicators; encode the plurality of channel status activation indicators into a Downlink Control Information (DCI) codeword; and generate, for the UE, a DCI transmission carrying the DCI codeword.
  • UE User Equipment
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • example 98 the apparatus of example 97, wherein the DCI transmission is a
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 99 the apparatus of either of examples 97 or 98, wherein the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1C.
  • example 100 the apparatus of any of examples 97 through 99, wherein the one or more processors are further to: scramble a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DCI transmission with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 101 the apparatus of example 100, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is to specify a channel activation-and-deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • a base station device comprising an application processor, a memory, one or more antenna ports, and an interface for allowing the application processor to communicate with another device, the base station device including the apparatus of any of examples 97 through 101.
  • Example 103 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform an operation comprising: generate, for a base station, a plurality of channel status activation indicators; encode the plurality of channel status activation indicators into a Downlink Control Information (DCI) codeword; and generate, for the UE, a DCI transmission carrying the DCI codeword.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • example 104 the machine readable storage media of example 103, wherein the DCI transmission is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 105 the machine readable storage media of either of examples 103 or 104, wherein the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1C.
  • the machine readable storage media of any of examples 103 through 105 the operation comprising: scramble a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DCI transmission with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 107 the machine readable storage media of example 106, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is to specify a channel activation-and-deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 108 provides a method comprising: generating, for a base station, a plurality of channel status activation indicators; encoding the plurality of channel status activation indicators into a Downlink Control Information (DCI) codeword; and generating, for the UE, a DCI transmission carrying the DCI codeword.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • example 109 the method of example 108, wherein the DCI transmission is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 110 the method of either of examples 108 or 109, wherein the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1C.
  • example 111 the method of any of examples 108 through 110, comprising: scrambling a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DCI transmission with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 112 the method of example 111, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is to specify a channel activation-and-deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 113 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of examples 108 through 112.
  • Example 114 provides an apparatus of a base station, the base station being operable to communicate with a User Equipment (UE) on a wireless network, comprising: means for generating a plurality of channel status activation indicators; means for encoding the plurality of channel status activation indicators into a Downlink Control Information (DCI) codeword; and means for generating, for the UE, a DCI transmission carrying the DCI codeword.
  • UE User Equipment
  • example 115 the apparatus of example 114, wherein the DCI transmission is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 116 the apparatus of either of examples 114 or 115, wherein the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1C.
  • the apparatus of any of examples 114 through 1 16, comprising: means for scrambling a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DCI transmission with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 1 18 the apparatus of example 1 17, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is to specify a channel activation-and-deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Example 1 19 provides an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the UE being operable to communicate with a base station on a wireless network, comprising: one or more processors to: process a Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmission from the base station, the DCI transmission including a DCI codeword; decode a plurality of channel status activation indicators from the DCI codeword; and trigger a plurality of physical layer activation-and-deactivation circuitries based on the plurality of channel status activation indicators.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • example 120 the apparatus of example 1 19, wherein the DCI transmission is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission.
  • PDCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 121 the apparatus of either of examples 1 19 or 120, wherein the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1 C.
  • example 122 the apparatus of any of examples 119 through 121 , wherein the one or more processors are further to: descramble a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DCI transmission with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 123 the apparatus of example 122, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is to specify a channel activation-and-deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • example 124 the apparatus of any of examples 119 through 123, wherein the one or more processors are further to: trigger a physical layer activation-and-deactivation circuitry to initiate an activation sequence when the corresponding channel status activation indicator has one of values of ⁇ ' and ' ⁇ ' .
  • example 125 the apparatus of any of examples 119 through 123, wherein the one or more processors are to: trigger the physical layer activation-and-deactivation circuitry to initiate a deactivation sequence when the corresponding channel status activation indicator has one of values of ⁇ ' and ' ⁇ ' .
  • a UE device comprising an application processor, a memory, one or more antennas, a wireless interface for allowing the application processor to communicate with another device, and a touch-screen display, the UE device including the apparatus of any of examples 119 through 125.
  • Example 127 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform an operation comprising: process, for a User Equipment, a Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmission from a base station, the DCI transmission including a DCI codeword; decode a plurality of channel status activation indicators from the DCI codeword; and establish a plurality of physical layer activation indicators based on the plurality of channel status activation indicators.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • example 128 the machine readable storage media of example 127, wherein the DCI transmission is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission, and wherein the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1C.
  • the DCI transmission is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission
  • the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1C.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 130 the machine readable storage media of any of examples 127 through 129, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is to specify a channel activation-and- deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • example 131 the machine readable storage media of any of examples 127 through 130, wherein the third circuitry is operable to establish a physical layer activation indicator based upon one of the channel status activation indicators, the physical layer activation indicator being asserted when the channel status activation indicator has one of values of ⁇ ' and ' ⁇ ', and the physical layer activation indicator being deasserted when the channel status activation indicator has one of values of T and ' ⁇ '.
  • Example 132 provides a method comprising: processing, for a User
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • example 133 the method of example 132, wherein the DCI transmission is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission, and wherein the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1C.
  • the method of either of examples 132 or 133 comprising: descrambling a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DCI transmission with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 135 the method of any of examples 132 through 134, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is to specify a channel activation-and-deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • example 136 the method of any of examples 132 through 135, wherein the third circuitry is operable to establish a physical layer activation indicator based upon one of the channel status activation indicators, the physical layer activation indicator being asserted when the channel status activation indicator has one of values of ⁇ ' and ' ⁇ ', and the physical layer activation indicator being deasserted when the channel status activation indicator has one of values of T and ' ⁇ '.
  • Example 137 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of examples 132 through 136.
  • Example 138 provides an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the UE being operable to communicate with a base station on a wireless network, comprising: means for processing a Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmission from a base station, the DCI transmission including a DCI codeword; means for decoding a plurality of channel status activation indicators from the DCI codeword; and means for establishing a plurality of physical layer activation indicators based on the plurality of channel status activation indicators.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • example 139 the apparatus of example 138, wherein the DCI transmission is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission, and wherein the format of the DCI transmission is Format 1C.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • example 140 the apparatus of either of examples 138 or 139, comprising: means for descrambling a plurality of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the DCI transmission with a predetermined bit sequence.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • example 141 the apparatus of any of examples 138 through 140, wherein the predetermined bit sequence is to specify a channel activation-and-deactivation Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • example 142 the apparatus of any of examples 138 through 141, wherein the third circuitry is operable to establish a physical layer activation indicator based upon one of the channel status activation indicators, the physical layer activation indicator being asserted when the channel status activation indicator has one of values of ⁇ ' and ' ⁇ ', and the physical layer activation indicator being deasserted when the channel status activation indicator has one of values of ⁇ ' and ' ⁇ ' .
  • Example 143 provides machine readable storage media having machine executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of examples 42 through 61 , 73 through 77, 91 through 96, 97 through 102, 114 through 1 18, 1 19 through 126, and 138 through 142.

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