WO2017011932A1 - Nouveau transformateur - Google Patents

Nouveau transformateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017011932A1
WO2017011932A1 PCT/CN2015/000746 CN2015000746W WO2017011932A1 WO 2017011932 A1 WO2017011932 A1 WO 2017011932A1 CN 2015000746 W CN2015000746 W CN 2015000746W WO 2017011932 A1 WO2017011932 A1 WO 2017011932A1
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Prior art keywords
current
secondary winding
phase
winding
primary winding
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PCT/CN2015/000746
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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方志
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方志
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Publication of WO2017011932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017011932A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections

Definitions

  • a new type of transformer is an improvement of existing power transformers, and the technical field belongs to electrical engineering.
  • the AC is passed through the transformer.
  • this article uses the simple harmonic AC as an example.
  • the electromotive force, voltage, and current of an alternating current are a function of time.
  • the alternating electromotive force e(t), the alternating current voltage u(t) and the alternating current i(t) of the alternating current can be expressed by the sine function or the cosine function of the time t, taking the cosine function as an example, the alternating current
  • the electromotive force e(t), voltage u(t) and current i(t) can be expressed as:
  • e 0 is the peak value of the alternating electromotive force in volts.
  • u 0 is the peak value of the AC voltage in volts.
  • i 0 is the peak value of the alternating current in amps.
  • f is the frequency of the alternating current in Hertz.
  • t is the time in seconds.
  • Capacitor and inductive components have different properties than ohmic resistors under alternating current conditions.
  • Their impedance is a function of ⁇ , and the phase of the current through the component does not coincide with the phase of the voltage across the component.
  • the ratio of the peak value of the AC voltage of the component to the peak value of the AC current passing through; the impedance of the defined circuit is the ratio of the peak value of the AC voltage of the circuit to the peak value of the AC current passing through.
  • the terminal voltages of different components in a series circuit have different phases, and the currents in different components of the parallel circuit have different phases, in calculating the total voltage of the combination of different components in the series circuit, or different components in the parallel circuit
  • a vector solution or a complex solution can be used. In this paper, a vector solution is used.
  • the following describes the characteristics of the ohmic resistor, the capacitor component, the inductor component, and some combinations in the AC circuit.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of an electromotive force of an alternating current and an ohmic resistor. Since the ohmic resistance is similar in the nature of the AC circuit to its DC circuit, the AC voltage u(t) at both ends and the AC current i(t) flowing through it have a simple proportional relationship, the AC voltage u(t) and the AC current i The phase of (t) remains unchanged.
  • the alternating current i(t) flowing through the ohmic resistor and the alternating current voltage u(t) and phase relationship at both ends can be expressed by the following mathematical relationships:
  • u 0 is the peak value of the AC voltage across the resistor in volts.
  • i 0 is the peak value of the alternating current through the resistor in amps.
  • Z R is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms.
  • R is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms.
  • f is the frequency of the alternating current in Hertz.
  • t is the time in seconds.
  • the ohmic resistance in the alternating current circuit maintains the phase of the alternating current voltage across the alternating current and the alternating current flowing through it.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram showing the phase relationship between the alternating current passing through the ohmic resistor and the phase of the alternating current voltage across it.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit composed of an electromotive force of an alternating current and a capacitor. Both the terminal voltage u(t) of the capacitor and the charge q(t) across the capacitor and the current i(t) flowing through the capacitor are harmonically changed over time.
  • Q 0 is the peak value of the electricity, and the unit is Coulomb.
  • the terminal voltage u(t) of the capacitor, the current i(t) flowing, the impedance, and the phase relationship between the voltage and the current can be expressed by the following formula:
  • u 0 is the peak value of the AC voltage across the capacitor in volts.
  • i 0 is the peak value of the AC current through the capacitor in amps.
  • C is the capacitance value of the capacitor in Farads.
  • Z C is the impedance value of the capacitor in ohms.
  • f is the frequency of the alternating current in Hertz.
  • t is the time in seconds.
  • each component When it is combined with other components to form a parallel circuit, since each component has the same voltage phase, the phase of its current exceeds the phase of the front-end voltage.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the phase relationship between the alternating current passing through the capacitor and the phase of the alternating current voltage at both ends thereof.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a circuit composed of an electromotive force of an alternating current and an inductor.
  • the inductance is pure inductance, and the ohmic resistance of the inductor and the connecting wire is negligible.
  • the current i(t) in the circuit and the terminal voltage u(t) of the inductor are harmonically changed.
  • the inductance is pure inductance, its ohmic resistance is negligible, so the self-induced electromotive force of the inductor is equal to the terminal voltage and the direction is opposite.
  • the terminal voltage u(t) of the inductor, the current i(t) flowing through the inductor, the impedance and the phase relationship can be expressed by the following formula:
  • u 0 is the peak value of the AC voltage across the inductor in volts.
  • i 0 is the peak value of the alternating current through the inductor in amps.
  • L is the inductance value of the inductor in Henry.
  • Z L is the impedance value of the inductor in ohms.
  • f is the frequency of the alternating current in Hertz.
  • t is the time in seconds.
  • each component When it is combined with other components to form a parallel circuit, since each component has the same voltage phase, the phase of its current is behind the phase of the terminal voltage.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the phase relationship between the alternating current passing through the inductor and the phase of the alternating current voltage at both ends thereof.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in which an electromotive force of an alternating current is connected in series with an inductor and an ohmic resistor.
  • the inductor is assumed to be a pure inductor and its ohmic resistance is negligible.
  • the current i(t) in the circuit, the total voltage u(t) including the ohmic resistance and the inductance, is harmonically changed.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the relative relationship between the current and the voltage passing through the circuit.
  • the phase of the voltage across the ohmic resistor is in phase with the phase of the current, and the peak value of the voltage across the two ends, R R0 , the phase of the voltage across the inductor leads the current.
  • the total voltage u(t), current i(t), impedance, and phase relationship including the inductor and the resistor can be expressed by the following formula:
  • u 0 is the peak value of the total voltage including the inductor and the resistor in volts.
  • i 0 is the peak value of the current through the inductor and resistor in amps.
  • L is the inductance value of the inductor in Henry.
  • R is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms.
  • Z is the impedance value of the series circuit including the inductor and the resistor, in ohms.
  • f is the frequency of the alternating current in Hertz.
  • t is the time in seconds.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in which an electromotive force of an alternating current is connected in series with an inductor, an ohmic resistor, and a capacitor.
  • the inductor is assumed to be a pure inductor and its ohmic resistance is negligible.
  • the current i(t) in the circuit, the total voltage u(t) including the inductance, the resistance, and the capacitance is simply harmonically changed.
  • this is a resonant circuit, because the voltage across the capacitor is behind the phase of the current.
  • the phase of the voltage leading the current across the inductor is When the impedance of the capacitor When the impedance ⁇ L of the inductor is equal, that is, Frequency of alternating current When their impedances cancel each other out, the impedance in the circuit is the smallest, only the ohmic resistance, the circuit is in resonance, and the current passing through is at its maximum.
  • the circuit when Time, ie
  • the circuit is inductive.
  • the AC circuit includes the total voltage phase of the inductor, the resistor, and the capacitor.
  • the phase of the current is ahead of the total voltage.
  • the circuit is capacitive, and the total voltage phase of the AC circuit including the inductor, the resistor, and the capacitor lags behind the phase of the current, and the phase of the current leads the total voltage.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor C can be selected to satisfy Make the circuit capacitive.
  • Fig. 10 is a view showing the relationship between the current passing through the circuit and the phase of the voltage across the respective elements.
  • the phase of the voltage across the ohmic resistor is in phase with the phase of the current, and the peak value of the voltage across the two ends, R R0 , the phase of the voltage across the inductor leads the current.
  • the phase of the voltage across the capacitor lags behind the current.
  • any two vectors can be calculated according to the vector solution, and the calculation result and the third vector are calculated by the vector solution.
  • u C0 and u L0 are calculated. Since the phase difference between u C0 and u L0 is ⁇ , u C0 plus u L0 is equal to u C0 minus u L0 , ie See Figure 10.
  • the total voltage u(t), current i(t), impedance, and phase relationship including inductance, resistance, and capacitance can be expressed by the following formula:
  • u 0 is the peak value of the total voltage including the inductor, resistor, and capacitor in volts.
  • i 0 is the peak value of the current through the inductor, resistor, and capacitor in amps.
  • L is the inductance value of the inductor in Henry.
  • C is the capacitance value of the capacitor in Farads.
  • R is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms.
  • Z is the impedance value of the series circuit including inductor, resistor and capacitor in ohms.
  • f is the frequency of the alternating current in Hertz.
  • t is the time in seconds.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic structural view of a conventional transformer.
  • a conventional transformer generally consists of an iron core and two windings wound on top of it, which are connected to a power supply for inputting the primary winding and a load for outputting the secondary winding.
  • the transformer is an ideal transformer, ie;
  • the length of the magnetic circuit in the iron core is l, and the unit is meter;
  • the core has a cross-sectional area of S in square meters
  • the number of turns of the primary winding is N 1 ;
  • the number of turns of the secondary winding is N 2 ;
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • ⁇ 0 4 ⁇ ⁇ 10 -7 units is Newton / (amperes) 2 .
  • ⁇ is the relative magnetic permeability of the iron core, defined as the ratio of the self-inductance coefficient of the coil in the iron core and the self-inductance coefficient of the coil in the vacuum, ie Dimensionless.
  • the alternating current passing through the primary winding irrespective of the winding of the primary winding and the direction of the current passing through, the magnetic induction generated by the current in the core always induces resistance to the winding against the supply voltage of the winding. .
  • the direction of the winding of the primary winding and the direction of the current passing through are not specifically indicated in the following description.
  • the secondary winding when the secondary winding is induced by the magnetic induction generated in the primary winding by the current generated in the primary winding, there is an induced electromotive force at both ends thereof, and when it forms a loop with the load, the current passing through it is iron.
  • the direction in which the magnetic induction is generated in the core is always opposite to the direction of the magnetic induction generated in the core by the current passing through the primary winding.
  • the terminal voltage of the primary winding is:
  • the circuit is similar to the circuit diagram of Figure 5.
  • the primary winding is self-inductive L in Figure 5, because the primary winding is an inductive component, so the phase of the current passing is behind the voltage.
  • the phase is
  • ⁇ L 1 is the impedance of the primary winding in ohms
  • f is the frequency of the alternating current in Hertz.
  • the amperage loop theorem of the magnetic circuit in vacuum is:
  • B 0 (t) is the magnetic induction intensity in Tesla.
  • B 0 (t) has the same angular frequency and initial phase as current i 0 (t).
  • the magnetic induction B 0 (t) when the magnetic induction B 0 (t) passes through the core, an alternating electric field is induced around the core, so that there is an induced electromotive force at both ends of the winding; the magnetic induction B 0 (t) is The induced electromotive force generated in the primary winding is a self-induced electromotive force, and the induced electromotive force generated in the secondary winding is a mutual electromotive force; and the electromotive force induced by the magnetic induction intensity B 0 (t) on any winding has the same angular frequency and initial phase .
  • Magnetic induction B 0 (t) is provided exciting current i 0 (t) induced electromotive force generated in the primary winding is e 0 (t);
  • u 2 (t) be the terminal voltage of the secondary winding, since the secondary winding is in the off state
  • the ratio of the peak value of the terminal voltage of the primary winding to the peak value of the terminal voltage of the secondary winding is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the primary winding to the number of turns of the secondary winding, the phase difference is ⁇ , and the secondary winding
  • the terminal voltage is behind the terminal voltage of the primary winding.
  • Figure 12 shows the phase of u 1 (t) leading current i 0 (t) And u 2 (t) phase backward current i 0 (t) phase Schematic diagram of the relative relationship.
  • the induced electromotive force e 2 (t) at both ends of the secondary winding is equivalent to the power supply in FIG. 7 , that is, the total voltage of the circuit loop; the secondary winding is equivalent to the self-inductance L in FIG. 7 , and the load is equivalent to the resistance in FIG. 7 . R; the difference is that in Figure 7, the power supply and the self-inductive winding are two different entities, which are connected by wires, but when the secondary winding forms a loop, the excitation current i 0 (t) of the primary winding induces the secondary winding.
  • the electromotive force e 2 (t) is at both ends of the secondary winding. When there is current passing, the self-induced electromotive force of the secondary winding is also at the two ends of the secondary winding, which is the same entity, but is essentially the same as the circuit of FIG. of.
  • the total voltage e 2 (t) of the circuit loop is subtracted from the self-induced electromotive force of the self-inductance L, and the terminal voltage of the secondary winding, that is, the terminal voltage across the resistor R is obtained.
  • ⁇ L 2 is the inductive reactance of the secondary winding
  • R is the resistance of the load
  • the unit is ohm; for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the inductive reactance of the secondary winding is very large, and the phase of the current is behind the total voltage phase.
  • the phase difference is ⁇
  • the excitation current i 0 (t) in the primary winding is behind the terminal voltage of the primary winding, and the phase difference is Therefore, the current in the secondary winding is behind the excitation current i 0 (t) in the primary winding, and the phase difference is ⁇ .
  • the secondary winding Due to the magnetic induction generated in the secondary winding by the current in the secondary winding, the secondary winding has a self-induced electromotive force, which causes the terminal voltage of the secondary winding to drop; at the same time, a mutual inductance electromotive force is applied to the primary winding to increase the current in the primary winding.
  • the magnetic induction intensity in the iron core is increased, causing the self-inductance electromotive force of the primary winding to rise, the mutual inductance electromotive force of the secondary winding to rise, the terminal voltage to rise, and the above process is completed in an instant, and then in a stable state.
  • the current in the secondary winding can be set to
  • i 20 is the peak current in the secondary winding in amps.
  • the magnetic induction B 2 (t) passes through the core, an alternating electric field is induced around the core, so that there is an induced electromotive force at both ends of the winding.
  • the induced electromotive force generated in the secondary winding by the magnetic induction intensity B 2 (t) is a self-induced electromotive force, and the induced electromotive force generated in the primary winding is a mutual electromotive force.
  • the magnetic induction B 2 (t) has the same angular frequency and initial phase induced on any winding.
  • the current i 2 (t) in the secondary winding to the mutual inductance of the primary winding e 21 (t), after a period of (2 ⁇ ) lag, has the same phase as the terminal voltage of the primary winding, superimposed on the primary winding
  • the terminal voltage increases the terminal voltage in the primary winding. Since the increased voltage is in phase with the terminal voltage of the primary winding, the current i 1 (t) added in the primary winding has the same phase as the excitation i 0 (t) in the primary winding because of the increase in voltage. (See Figure 11).
  • the current in the primary winding is increased due to the mutual electromotive force e 21 (t).
  • i 10 is the peak value of the increased current in the primary winding in amps.
  • the ratio of the peak value i 10 of the increased current in the primary winding to the peak value i 20 of the current in the secondary winding is inversely proportional to the number of turns of the two windings.
  • the phase difference between the increased current i 1 (t) in the primary winding and the current i 2 (t) in the secondary winding is ⁇ , the peak value of the increased current in the primary winding and the peak value of the current in the secondary winding
  • the ratio is inversely proportional to the number of turns of the two windings.
  • the increased current in the primary winding is i 1 (t) the magnetic induction B 1 (t) generated in the core;
  • Figure 13 shows the phase lead induced electromotive force e 2 (t) phase of i 1 (t) And the phase of i 2 (t) is behind the induced electromotive force e 2 (t) phase Schematic diagram of the relative relationship.
  • B 1 (t) is in phase with i 1 (t)
  • B 2 (t) is in phase with i 2 (t).
  • the terminal voltage of the secondary winding is the same when it is in the off state and the current flowing through the loop, the current in the secondary winding and the increased current in the primary winding, the magnetic induction generated in the ideal transformer core is Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, the induction of the windings in the core cancels each other, so that the terminal voltage of the winding does not change.
  • a detection winding in the core not shown in Figure 11
  • the secondary winding is open, only when the excitation current passes through the primary winding, the detected state of the winding is detected, and the secondary winding is formed. In the loop, and as the load changes, the state detected by the sense winding is the same.
  • the current When a current flows through the secondary winding, the current generates a magnetic induction intensity in the iron core, and the magnetic induction intensity changes the magnetic induction intensity B 0 (t) established by the original excitation current i 0 (t) in the iron core, and then in the primary winding the current changes, the result is to maintain the original exciting current i 0 (t) the magnetic induction B 0 created in the iron core (t) remains unchanged state.
  • the current in the primary winding is i 0 (t) + i 1 (t), since the inductive reactance of the primary winding is very large, indicating that the exciting current i 0 (t) of the ideal transformer is very small. Therefore, i 1 (t) is much larger than i 0 (t) in the primary winding, so i 1 (t) ⁇ i 0 (t) + i 1 (t) can be considered. Because of:
  • the input power and output power are reactive power.
  • the traditional transformer has an induced electromotive force on the secondary winding under the action of the excitation current of the primary winding.
  • the secondary winding and the load form a loop, current flows through the secondary winding.
  • the current induces the primary winding to increase the current in the primary winding such that the input power of the primary winding is equal to the output power of the secondary winding.
  • the process of transferring power from the primary winding to the secondary winding is completed.
  • the invention is based on a conventional transformer, in which an auxiliary secondary winding is added to the iron core, and the auxiliary secondary winding forms a loop with a capacitor.
  • the impedance of the capacitor is greater than the inductive reactance of the auxiliary secondary winding, making the loop capacitive, ie the phase of the current leads the phase of the total voltage.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of a novel transformer.
  • the auxiliary secondary winding and a capacitor form a loop.
  • the other parts are the same as traditional transformers.
  • a conventional transformer generally consists of an iron core and two windings wound on top of it, which are connected to a power supply for inputting the primary winding and a load for outputting the secondary winding.
  • the magnetic path length in the iron core is ln, and the unit is meter;
  • the core has a cross-sectional area of Sn in square meters
  • the number of turns of the primary winding is Nn 1 ;
  • the number of turns of the secondary winding is Nn 2 ;
  • the number of turns of the auxiliary secondary winding is Nn 3 ;
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • ⁇ 0 4 ⁇ ⁇ 10 -7 units is Newton / (amperes) 2 .
  • ⁇ is the relative magnetic permeability of the iron core, defined as the ratio of the self-inductance coefficient of the coil in the iron core and the self-inductance coefficient of the coil in the vacuum, ie Dimensionless.
  • a new type of transformer is no different from a conventional transformer, assuming that the auxiliary secondary winding is in an open state.
  • the primary winding is an inductive component, its ohmic resistance is negligible. Therefore, when the primary winding forms a loop, the phase of the current passing through is opposite to the phase of the terminal voltage of the primary winding.
  • the current in the primary winding is said to be the exciting current i 0 (t);
  • Bn 0 (t) has the same angular frequency and initial phase as current i 0 (t).
  • the magnetic induction intensity Bn 0 (t) generates an induced electric field around the core, causing an alternating electromotive force at both ends of each winding, and the alternating electromotive forces in all the windings have the same angular frequency and initial phase.
  • Magnetic induction Bn 0 (t) is provided to the current i 0 (t) induced electromotive force generated in the primary winding is e 0 (t);
  • Magnetic induction Bn 0 (t) is provided to the current i 0 (t) induced electromotive force generated in the secondary winding of e 2 (t);
  • u 2 (t) be the terminal voltage of the secondary winding, since the secondary winding is in the off state
  • the terminal voltage of the secondary winding is lower than the terminal voltage of the primary winding, and the phase difference is ⁇ .
  • the ratio of the peak value of the terminal voltage of the primary winding to the peak value of the terminal voltage of the secondary winding is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the primary winding to the number of turns of the secondary winding.
  • Magnetic induction Bn 0 (t) is provided to the current i 0 (t) is generated on the auxiliary secondary winding of the induced electromotive force e 3 (t);
  • u 3 (t) be the terminal voltage of the auxiliary secondary winding, since the auxiliary secondary winding is in the off state;
  • the terminal voltage of the auxiliary secondary winding is lower than the terminal voltage of the primary winding, and the phase difference is ⁇ .
  • the ratio of the peak value of the terminal voltage of the auxiliary primary winding to the peak value of the terminal voltage of the primary winding is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the auxiliary secondary winding to the number of turns of the primary winding.
  • e 0 (t), e 2 (t) and e 3 (t) have the same angular frequency and initial phase.
  • the secondary winding is then looped with the general load to assist the secondary winding in an open state, and a current flows through the secondary winding.
  • the phase of the current lags behind the total voltage (ie, the induced electromotive force e 2 (t)).
  • ⁇ Ln 2 is the inductive reactance of the secondary winding
  • R is the resistance of the load
  • the unit of ⁇ Ln 2 and R is ohms
  • the current in the secondary winding is the current in the secondary winding.
  • i 20 is the peak current in the secondary winding in amps.
  • the magnetic induction intensity Bn 2 (t) generates an induced electromotive force on the primary winding to increase the current in the primary winding, and the current increase value in the primary winding is i 1 (t);
  • Bn 2 (t) and Bn 1 (t) are equal in magnitude, and the phase difference is ⁇ , that is, the direction is opposite.
  • the current increase value i 1 (t) and the excitation current i 0 (t) have the same angular frequency and initial phase.
  • the magnetic inductions Bn 0 (t) and Bn 1 (t) have the same angular frequency and initial phase.
  • the two currents i 1 (t) and i 2 (t) pass through the primary winding and the secondary winding, respectively, but they are generated in the iron core.
  • the magnetic induction intensities Bn 1 (t) and Bn 2 (t) are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the induction of the auxiliary magnetic windings cancels each other without changing the terminal voltage of the auxiliary secondary winding.
  • auxiliary secondary winding forms a loop with another general load
  • the same secondary winding is similar to the load forming loop, and the phase of the current in the auxiliary secondary winding lags behind the phase of the induced electromotive force e 3 (t)
  • auxiliary secondary winding has an induced electromotive force e 3 (t), similar to the electromotive force in Figure 9, the total voltage of the circuit loop; the auxiliary secondary winding itself is an inductive component, similar to the inductor in Figure 9, the capacitance is similar
  • e 3 induced electromotive force
  • the auxiliary secondary winding itself is an inductive component, similar to the inductor in Figure 9, the capacitance is similar
  • the internal resistance of the auxiliary secondary winding is similar to the resistance in Figure 9.
  • the loop is a resonant circuit, such as the impedance of a capacitor Greater than the impedance ⁇ Ln 3 of the inductor (where C 3 is the capacitance of the capacitor in Farads), the circuit is capacitive, that is, the phase of the current leads the phase of the total voltage (ie, the induced electromotive force e 3 (t)).
  • the impedance Z of this circuit is:
  • the current set in the auxiliary secondary winding is i 3 (t);
  • i 30 is the current peak in the secondary winding in amps.
  • the current i 3 (t) in the auxiliary secondary winding is determined. Basically determined, and the phase relationship between the current and the total voltage is also determined and remains unchanged. This current i 3 (t) does not change as the current i 2 (t) in the secondary winding changes with the load, nor does it increase the current i 1 (t) in the primary winding with the current in the secondary winding The change in i 2 (t) changes.
  • the phase of the current i 3 (t) in the auxiliary secondary winding lags behind the phase of the induced electromotive force e 3 (t)
  • the auxiliary secondary winding and a capacitor form a loop, and satisfy the impedance of the capacitor
  • the impedance is larger than the inductance ⁇ Ln 3
  • the phase of the current leads the phase of the induced electromotive force e 3 (t)
  • a phase change of ⁇ has occurred.
  • Figure 15 shows a new type of transformer.
  • e 2 (t) and e 3 (t) have the same angular frequency and initial phase, they can be considered as the same reference, and the induced electromotive force of the secondary winding.
  • e 2 (t) is a reference diagram showing the relative relationship between the current i 2 (t) and the current i 3 (t) and the corresponding magnetic inductions Bn 2 (t) and Bn 3 (t).
  • Figure 16 shows a novel transformer in the ideal state, based on the terminal voltage u 1 (t) of the primary winding, the current i 0 (t) and the current i 3 (t) and the corresponding magnetic induction Bn 0 (t) and Schematic diagram of the phase relative relationship of Bn 3 (t).
  • the excitation current in the primary winding is The current in the auxiliary secondary winding is Therefore, the phases of the two currents are the same, indicating the current i 3 (t) passing through the auxiliary secondary winding and the exciting current i 0 (t) in the primary winding, and the magnetic inductions Bn 3 (t) and Bn generated in the core.
  • 0 (t) has the same phase and has the same effect on the secondary winding, ie the induced electromotive force is generated in the same phase to the secondary winding.
  • the auxiliary secondary winding can also be called the auxiliary primary winding, or it is considered to be another primary winding. Since the secondary winding acts as the input power in the conventional transformer, the auxiliary secondary winding is in this new type. There is also input power in the transformer system.
  • the difference is that the current in the primary winding is provided by the power supply and the current in the secondary winding is provided by the induced electromotive force e 3 (t) generated by the excitation current i 0 (t).
  • auxiliary secondary winding current i 3 (t) and the current i 2 (t) in the secondary winding have a phase difference of ⁇
  • the phase difference between Bn 2 (t) and Bn 3 (t) is ⁇ , and the direction is opposite;
  • the magnetic induction in opposite directions is opposite in direction to the induced electromotive force of any winding (primary winding, secondary winding and auxiliary secondary winding) on the core.
  • the above equation mainly reflects the parameters of the auxiliary secondary winding, such as the peak value of the induced electromotive force of the auxiliary secondary winding and the impedance of the loop. Since the current in the auxiliary secondary winding acts as a power input in the system, it is indicated that when the secondary winding has a power P output, correspondingly there is a power P input in the auxiliary secondary winding, so that the output power of the secondary winding P The input power P of the auxiliary secondary winding is equal, eliminating the need for a power input in the primary winding.
  • the output power P of the secondary winding is mainly related to the parameters of the auxiliary secondary winding, which reflects the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding under ideal conditions, so P can be called the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding under ideal conditions.
  • P fz the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding under ideal conditions.
  • the impedance of the loop and the phase of the current lead voltage It is related to the input power P fz of the auxiliary secondary winding under ideal conditions and the phase of the current lead voltage There are relationships.
  • the auxiliary secondary winding When the auxiliary secondary winding is in the open state, it is actually a conventional transformer, and when there is a power P output in the secondary winding, and P is greater than Pfz , there is accordingly a power P input in the primary winding.
  • the auxiliary secondary winding is then in a closed state, the magnetic induction due to the current in the auxiliary secondary winding partially canceling the magnetic induction generated by the current in the secondary winding, or having an input of power Pfz in the auxiliary secondary winding, At this time, the magnetic induction in the core is the same as the output power of the secondary winding (PP fz ), and the corresponding input power in the primary winding is (PP fz ).
  • the difference is P fz, is essentially an auxiliary secondary winding current phase i i 2 (t) a 3 (t) and the phase of the current in the secondary winding There is a difference of ⁇ .
  • the auxiliary secondary winding needs to form a loop with the capacitor, and the impedance of the capacitor is greater than the inductive reactance of the auxiliary secondary winding, so that the loop is capacitive, ie: which is: which is:
  • C 3 is the capacitance value of the capacitor, and the unit is Farah.
  • the output power of the primary winding and the input power of the auxiliary secondary are reactive power.
  • the phase of the current i 3 (t) in the auxiliary secondary winding is the same as the excitation current i 0 (t) in the primary winding, it produces a magnetic induction Bn 3 (t) and the primary winding magnetic induction Bn 0 (t) excitation current i 0 (t) produced is the same, but in practice there is a difference, the magnetic flux density Bn 0 (t) excitation current i 0 (t) generated by induction electromotive force e
  • the basis of 2 (t) and e 3 (t) if the excitation current i 0 (t) is zero, an unpredictable condition may occur.
  • the main measures for adjusting P fz are: changing the capacitance value C 3 of the capacitor, changing the impedance of the auxiliary secondary winding loop to change the current of the auxiliary secondary winding loop; splitting the auxiliary secondary winding, and then selecting The partially split winding is disconnected, and the above measures will be described in the section of the specific embodiment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of an electromotive force of an alternating current and an ohmic resistor.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relative relationship between the AC current passing through the ohmic resistor of FIG. 1 and the phase of the terminal voltage thereof.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit composed of an electromotive force of an alternating current and a capacitor.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the phase relationship between the alternating current passing through the capacitor in FIG. 3 and the alternating current voltage at both ends thereof.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a circuit composed of an electromotive force of an alternating current and an inductor.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the phase relationship between the alternating current passing through the inductor of FIG. 5 and the alternating current voltage at both ends thereof.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in which an electromotive force of an alternating current is connected in series with an inductor and an ohmic resistor.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing the relationship between the current passing through the circuit of Fig. 7 and the phase of the voltage across the respective elements.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in which an electromotive force of an alternating current is connected in series with an inductor, a resistor and a capacitor.
  • Fig. 10 is a view showing the relative relationship between the current passing through the circuit of Fig. 9 and the voltage across the respective elements.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of a conventional transformer.
  • Figure 12 shows the traditional transformer in the ideal state, based on the excitation current i 0 (t) in the primary winding, u 1 (t) lead current i 0 (t) phase And u 2 (t) phase backward current i 0 (t) phase Schematic diagram of the relative relationship.
  • Figure 13 shows the traditional transformer in the ideal state, based on the phase of the induced electromotive force e 2 (t) of the secondary winding, i 1 (t) leads the e 2 (t) phase And the phase of i 2 (t) is behind the phase of e 2 (t) And the corresponding phase relationship of the magnetic induction intensities B 1 (t) and B 2 (t).
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of a novel transformer.
  • Figure 15 shows a new type of transformer.
  • the induced electromotive forces e 2 (t) and e 3 (t) have the same frequency and initial phase, they can be considered as the same reference, and the induced electromotive force of the secondary winding is e.
  • 2 (t) is a reference diagram showing the relative relationship between the current i 2 (t) and the current i 3 (t) and the corresponding magnetic inductions Bn 2 (t) and Bn 3 (t).
  • Figure 16 shows a novel transformer in the ideal state, based on the terminal voltage u 1 (t) of the primary winding, the current i 0 (t) and the current i 3 (t) and the corresponding magnetic induction Bn 0 (t) and Schematic diagram of the phase relative relationship of Bn 3 (t).
  • Figure 17 shows a new type of transformer.
  • the electromotive force e 2 (t) is a reference, and the relative relationship between the current i 2 (t) and the current i 3 (t) and the phases of the corresponding magnetic inductions Bn 2 (t) and Bn 3 (t).
  • the main difference between a new type of transformer and a conventional transformer is the addition of an auxiliary secondary winding that forms a loop with the capacitor. Because the primary and secondary windings are present in conventional transformers, and their role in a new type of transformer is similar to that of a conventional transformer.
  • the induced electromotive force e 2 (t) on the secondary winding is;
  • the induced electromotive force on the auxiliary secondary winding is e 3 (t);
  • r 1 is the internal resistance of the primary winding, and the unit is ohm;
  • Ln 1 is the self-inductance coefficient of the primary winding, and the unit is Henry;
  • R is the resistance value of the load, and the unit is ohm
  • Ln 2 is the self-inductance coefficient of the secondary winding, and the unit is Henry;
  • the terminal voltage u 2 (t) of the secondary winding changes and is no longer the same as the induced electromotive force e 2 (t).
  • the circuit is as shown in Fig. 7.
  • the voltage across the resistor R is the terminal voltage of the secondary winding, but the phase is no longer the phase of the induced electromotive force e 2 (t), but passes through The phase of the current i 2 (t).
  • the terminal voltage remains constant, so the peak value of the terminal voltage has the peak value of the induced electromotive force e 2 (t), and the peak value of the induced electromotive force e 2 (t) is Therefore, the terminal voltage u 2 (t) of the secondary winding is:
  • r 3 is the internal resistance value of the auxiliary secondary winding, and the unit is ohm;
  • Ln 3 is the self-inductance coefficient of the auxiliary secondary winding, and the unit is Henry;
  • C 3 is the capacitance value of the capacitor in the loop, and the unit is Farah;
  • the impedance of the capacitor Still far greater than the impedance ⁇ Ln 3 of the auxiliary secondary winding to avoid When the loop is in resonance.
  • Figure 17 shows a new type of transformer.
  • the induced electromotive forces e 2 (t) and e 3 (t) have the same angular frequency and initial phase, they can be considered as the same reference, and the induced electromotive force of the secondary winding.
  • e 2 (t) is a reference diagram showing the relative relationship between the current i 2 (t) and the current i 3 (t) and the phases of the respective magnetic inductions Bn 2 (t) and Bn 3 (t).
  • the current i 2 (t) and the corresponding magnetic induction Bn 2 (t) are generated so that the phase of the induced electromotive force is e 2 (t)
  • the magnetic induction intensity Bn 2 (t) is in a direction perpendicular to e 2 (t), that is, a component in the X direction
  • the magnetic induction intensity Bn 2 (t) is in a direction parallel to e 2 (t), that is, a component in the Y direction
  • the current i 3 (t) and the corresponding magnetic induction intensity Bn 3 (t) lead the phase of the induced electromotive force e 3 (t) to The induced electromotive force e 3 (t) and the induced electromotive force e 2 (t) are in phase. Therefore, the current i 3 (t) and the corresponding magnetic induction intensity Bn 3 (t) lead the phase of the induced electromotive force e 2 (t)
  • the magnetic induction intensity Bn 3 (t) is in a direction perpendicular to e 2 (t), that is, a component in the X direction
  • the magnetic induction intensity Bn 3 (t) is in a direction parallel to e 2 (t), that is, a component in the Y direction
  • Bn 2x (t) and Bn 3x (t) are opposite in direction and cancel each other out; Bn 2y (t) and Bn 3y (t) are in the same direction and cannot cancel each other.
  • the auxiliary secondary winding has a large self-inductance.
  • the current i 2 (t) in the secondary winding lags behind the phase of the induced electromotive force e 2 (t)
  • the value is determined by the actual load situation and will vary slightly depending on the load, but no matter how it changes, the actual runtime
  • the value is close to the ideal state That is, the component Bn 2y (t) in the Y direction of the magnetic induction intensity Bn 2 (t) is small, the induction to the primary winding is small, and the secondary winding loop has sufficient output power; or Value and
  • the difference in value is not big, the so-called difference is not much: when When Not large, the auxiliary secondary winding has little self-inductance and can operate normally; When the auxiliary secondary winding loop has an appropriate impedance, a normal current is passed.
  • the value can be taken within the above range.
  • Bn 2y (t) and Bn 3y (t) are both small and their sum is small, their inductance on the primary winding is negligible, and their induction of the secondary and auxiliary secondary windings is negligible.
  • Bn 3x (t) -Bn 2x (t)
  • the magnetic induction Bn 2 (t) generated by the current i 2 (t) in the secondary winding and the magnetic induction generated by the auxiliary secondary winding current i 3 (t)
  • the intensity Bn 3 (t) is equal in magnitude, the direction is opposite; the induced electromotive force to the secondary winding and the auxiliary secondary winding is zero, the induced electromotive force to the primary winding is zero, and the current passing through the primary winding is maintained as the exciting current
  • the state of i 0 (t) is unchanged.
  • the above equation mainly reflects the parameters of the auxiliary secondary winding, such as the peak value of the induced electromotive force of the auxiliary secondary winding and the impedance of the loop. Since the current in the auxiliary secondary winding acts as a power input in the system, it is indicated that when the secondary winding has a power P output, correspondingly there is a power P input in the auxiliary secondary winding, so that the output power of the secondary winding P The input power P of the auxiliary secondary winding is equal, eliminating the need for a power input in the primary winding.
  • the output power P of the secondary winding is mainly related to the parameters of the auxiliary secondary winding, which reflects the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding in the actual state, so P can be called the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding in the actual state.
  • P sj the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding in the actual state.
  • auxiliary secondary winding When the auxiliary secondary winding is in the open state, it is actually a conventional transformer, and when there is a power P output in the secondary winding, and P is greater than P sj , there is accordingly a power P input in the primary winding.
  • the auxiliary secondary winding is then in a closed state, the magnetic induction due to the current in the auxiliary secondary winding partially canceling the magnetic induction generated by the current in the secondary winding, or the input of the power Psj in the auxiliary secondary winding, At this time, the magnetic induction in the core is the same as the output power of the secondary winding (PP sj ), and the corresponding input power in the primary winding is (PP sj ).
  • the output power of a new type of transformer is greater than the input power, and the difference is P sj .
  • the output power of the secondary winding is greater than the input power of the primary winding is W;
  • W electrical energy
  • a new type of transformer can provide power for devices that require electrical energy, as well as for places that require electrical energy.
  • Capacitor plays a key role in the auxiliary secondary winding of a new type of transformer and the circuit formed by the capacitor.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor must meet In order to make the loop capacitive, that is, the current leads the phase of the induced electromotive force. However, the situation will be complicated in actual use, except that the capacitance value must be satisfied.
  • the withstand voltage performance of the capacitor is greater than the actual withstand voltage requirement of the circuit, and the maximum current allowed by the capacitor is greater than the maximum current value at the circuit.
  • a variable capacitor is needed to adjust the impedance of the auxiliary secondary winding loop.
  • the capacitance value of a single capacitor be Ci
  • the withstand voltage value of a single capacitor be Vi
  • the maximum current allowed to pass by a single capacitor is Ai. If the single capacitor cannot meet the capacitance value, the maximum withstand voltage in the circuit, and the maximum current allowable, the N capacitors can be connected in series, and then the M circuits connected in series are connected in parallel. a new circuit, the capacitance value of the circuit The withstand voltage of the capacitor in this circuit is N ⁇ Vi, and the value of the maximum current allowed by the capacitance in the circuit is M ⁇ Ai.
  • the single capacitor capacitance value Ci, and the magnitude relation of C 3 by selecting the values of M and N, so that the capacitance of the display can be met The maximum withstand voltage in the circuit and the maximum current allowed to pass.
  • the capacitor display is also a variable capacitor, in which the K (K takes 0 to M-1) column is in the off state, and the MK column is in the closed state, the capacitance value is The change in capacitance value can be achieved by changing the magnitude of the K value to achieve the change of impedance, and finally the current and input power of the auxiliary secondary winding loop are changed.
  • the secondary secondary winding can be split to selectively regulate the split secondary secondary winding to adjust Auxiliary secondary winding current and input power.
  • each auxiliary secondary winding after splitting is The internal resistance of each auxiliary secondary winding after splitting is After the split, the peak value of the induced electromotive force of each auxiliary secondary winding is The self-inductance coefficient of each auxiliary secondary winding after splitting is Let the current in the primary auxiliary secondary winding lead the phase of the induced electromotive force then:
  • the magnetic induction in the core can be adjusted by changing the size of K to adjust the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding.
  • the input power P sjN through which the N auxiliary secondary windings can pass after splitting is:
  • the input secondary power can be equally divided into N, and the total input power can be the same as the input power before the split.
  • the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding can be adjusted accordingly by changing the size of K.
  • the splitting can make the induced electromotive force of each split auxiliary secondary winding smaller, which is beneficial to the insulation of the winding; after splitting, the capacitor C 3i in each auxiliary secondary winding can easily satisfy the capacitance value in the circuit.
  • the requirements of the withstand voltage at the same time, it is possible to selectively have several circuits in the off state for adjusting the magnitude of the auxiliary secondary winding current i 3 (t) and the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding.
  • a large auxiliary secondary winding can be split, or multiple auxiliary secondary windings can be combined, that is, an auxiliary secondary winding can be disposed in any core free space. Let it form a loop with the capacitor, which can be considered as the result of a large auxiliary secondary winding split, which achieves the purpose of increasing the input power of the auxiliary secondary winding.
  • the novel transformer of the invention can make the output power greater than the input power, and the corresponding output electric energy is greater than the input electric energy, can replace the fossil fuel power generation; and can also provide electric energy for the device or place that needs electric energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un nouveau transformateur. Sur la base d'un transformateur classique, un enroulement secondaire auxiliaire est ajouté. L'enroulement et un condensateur forment une boucle. Dans la boucle, l'impédance du condensateur est supérieure à la réactance inductive de l'enroulement, afin que le circuit soit capacitif. C'est-à-dire, la phase du courant est en avance sur la phase de la tension totale. Lorsqu'un courant i0(t) circule dans un enroulement primaire, des forces électromotrices induites sur un enroulement secondaire et l'enroulement secondaire auxiliaire sont e2(t) et e3(t), qui ont la même phase. Lorsque l'enroulement secondaire et une charge forment une boucle, un courant i2(t) et une intensité d'induction magnétique générée Bn2(t) sont en retard de π/2 sur la phase de e2(t). Lorsque l'enroulement secondaire auxiliaire forme une boucle, un courant i3(t) et une intensité d'induction magnétique générée Bn3(t) sont en avance de π/2 sur la phase de e3(t), une différence de phase entre Bn2(t) et Bn3(t) vaut π, et Bn2(t) et Bn3(t) sont dans des sens contraires. Lorsque Bn2(t) et Bn3(t) sont de taille égale, la somme de Bn2(t) et Bn3(t) vaut zéro, et les deux courants induits ont une somme nulle dans les enroulements.
PCT/CN2015/000746 2015-07-19 2015-11-02 Nouveau transformateur WO2017011932A1 (fr)

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CN201510445433.2A CN105261460A (zh) 2015-07-19 2015-07-19 一种新型变压器

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR950007058B1 (ko) * 1992-11-11 1995-06-30 대우전자주식회사 차동변압기를이용한세탁기의중량감지센서
CN2917083Y (zh) * 2005-11-04 2007-06-27 周春香 正激－反激合并式dc/dc隔离变换器
CN102055185A (zh) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-11 宁波万吉电子科技有限公司 家用电器无能耗待机节能器
CN103474214A (zh) * 2013-09-24 2013-12-25 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 一种脉冲隔离变压器

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR950007058B1 (ko) * 1992-11-11 1995-06-30 대우전자주식회사 차동변압기를이용한세탁기의중량감지센서
CN2917083Y (zh) * 2005-11-04 2007-06-27 周春香 正激－反激合并式dc/dc隔离变换器
CN102055185A (zh) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-11 宁波万吉电子科技有限公司 家用电器无能耗待机节能器
CN103474214A (zh) * 2013-09-24 2013-12-25 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 一种脉冲隔离变压器

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