WO2017004111A1 - Wood-free fiber compositions and uses in paperboard packaging - Google Patents
Wood-free fiber compositions and uses in paperboard packaging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017004111A1 WO2017004111A1 PCT/US2016/039940 US2016039940W WO2017004111A1 WO 2017004111 A1 WO2017004111 A1 WO 2017004111A1 US 2016039940 W US2016039940 W US 2016039940W WO 2017004111 A1 WO2017004111 A1 WO 2017004111A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- fibers
- packaging material
- wood fibers
- paperboard
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000003433 Miscanthus floridulus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209763 Avena sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002983 wood substitute Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 8
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
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- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
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- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/42—Applications of coated or impregnated materials
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse
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- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
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- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
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- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/385—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
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- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
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- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/84—Paper comprising more than one coating on both sides of the substrate
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the use of non-wood alternative natural fibers in corrugated medium for paperboard packaging.
- a replacement of the conventional hardwood fiber is achieved by a hybrid fibrous composition that provides sufficient mechanical strength for paperboard packaging applications.
- Solid unbleached sulfate (SUS) or solid bleached sulfate (SBS) are premium paperboard grades that are produced from a furnish containing at least 80 percent virgin long and short bleached wood pulp. Most bleached paperboard is coated with a thin layer of kaolin clay to improve its surface smoothness for printing. SBS is most popular in the United States. Unfortunately, supply of NBSK (Northern bleached softwood Kraft) as a long fiber is under significant pressure both economically and environmentally. As such, the cost of NBSK fiber has escalated significantly creating a need to find alternatives to optimize paperboard strength.
- SUS Solid unbleached sulfate
- SBS solid bleached sulfate
- Pulping processes for non-wood natural fibers are raw material dependent and detailed steps can be found in Sridach, W. (2010), The Environmentally Benign Pulping Process of Non-wood Fibers, Suranaree J. Sci. Technol., 17(2), 105-123, and US patent 6,302,997 B1 to Hurter and Byrd.
- Alternative non-wood natural fibers such as using field crop fibers or agricultural residues instead of wood fibers are considered as being more sustainable.
- Non-wood fiber sources account for about 5-10% of global pulp production, for a variety of reasons, including seasonal availability, problems with chemical recovery, brightness of the pulp, silica content, etc. However, they provide an option for which any product manufacturers can explore to add a green component into their final products.
- Hybrid fiber compositions including non-wood alternative natural fibers such as those derived from seaweed, algae, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, bamboo, kenaf, and the like can be an option to resolve such aforementioned issues by creating tree-free products.
- the present disclosure is directed to a paperboard packaging material including a top layer including non-wood fibers blended with wood fibers, wherein the non-wood fibers are 5% to 100% of the top layer; a back layer including non-wood fibers blended with wood fibers, wherein the non-wood fibers are 5% to 100% of the back layer; and a middle layer disposed between the top and back layers.
- the middle layer can include 5% to 100% non- wood filler fibers.
- the non-wood filler fibers can be selected from corn stover, straw, other land-based natural fibers, and combinations thereof.
- the straw can be selected from the group consisting of wheat, rice, oat, barley, rye, flax, grass, and combinations thereof.
- the other land-based natural fibers are selected from flax, bamboo, cotton, jute, hemp, sisal, bagasse, kenaf, hesperaloe, switchgrass, miscanthus, and combinations thereof.
- the non- wood filler fibers can be wheat straw.
- the non-wood fibers can be bamboo.
- the present disclosure is also directed to a paperboard packaging material including a top layer including non-wood fibers blended with wood fibers, wherein the non-wood fibers are 50% to 85% of the top layer, wherein the non-wood fibers are bamboo; a back layer including non-wood fibers blended with wood fibers, wherein the non-wood fibers are 50% to 85% of the back layer, wherein the non-wood fibers are bamboo; and a middle layer disposed between the top and back layers.
- the present disclosure is also directed to a paperboard packaging material including a top layer including non-wood fibers blended with wood fibers, wherein the non-wood fibers are 50% to 85% of the top layer, wherein the non-wood fibers are bamboo; a back layer including non-wood fibers blended with wood fibers, wherein the non-wood fibers are 50% to 85% of the back layer, wherein the non-wood fibers are bamboo; and a middle layer disposed between the top and back layers, wherein the middle layer includes 5% to 100% non-wood filler fibers.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a typical paperboard structure
- Figure 2 shows a micrograph paperboard sectional view by Broad Ion Beam technique (150X) ;
- Figure 3 shows a micrograph paperboard sectional view by SEM C-Stain of paperboard of the present application.
- compositions and methods/processes of the present disclosure can comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the disclosure described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described herein.
- non-wood As used herein, the terms “non-wood,” “tree-free,” and “wood alternative” generally refer to processing residuals from agricultural crops such as wheat straw, wetland non-tree plants such as bulrush, aquatic plants such as water hyacinth, microalgae such as
- Spirulina, and macroalgae seaweeds such as red or brown algae.
- non-wood natural materials of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, wheat straw, rice straw, flax, kenaf, bamboo, cotton, jute, hemp, sisal, bagasse, hesperaloe, switchgrass, miscanthus, marine or freshwater algae/seaweeds, and combinations thereof.
- OCC refers to old corrugated containers that have layers of paper glued together with a fluted inner layer. This is the material used to make corrugated cardboard boxes (the most recycled product in the country).
- OCC pulps Four main components of the OCC pulps are unbleached softwood Kraft pulp (mainly from the linerboard), semi-chemical hardwood pulp (from the fluted medium), starch (as an adhesive), and water (often 8% or more).
- pulp or "pulp fiber” refers to fibrous material obtained through conventional pulping processes known in the arts. This can be for woody and non- woody materials.
- fines refer to the fraction that passes through a 200 mesh screen (75 ⁇ ).
- the median size of fines is a few microns.
- Fines consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives.
- the primary fines content seems to be a genetic characteristic of the plant. For hardwood pulp, it is about 20% to about 40%, whereas for wheat straw, it is about 38% to about 50%.
- the secondary fines are pieces of fibrils from the outer layers of fibers that are broken off during refining.
- basic weight generally refers to the weight per unit area of paperboard. Basis weight is measured herein using TAPPI test method T-220.
- a sheet of pulp commonly 30 cm x 30 cm or of another convenient dimension is weighed and then dried to determine the solids content. The area of the sheet is then determined and the ratio of the dried weight to the sheet area is reported as the basis weight in grams per square meter (gsm).
- Tensile Index is expressed in Nm/g and refers to the quotient of tensile strength, generally expressed in Newton-meters (N/m) divided by basis weight.
- Burst Index refers to the quotient of burst strength, generally expressed in kilopascals (kPa) divided by basis weight, generally expressed in grams per square meter (gsm).
- ring crush refers to the resistance of the paper and paperboard to edgewise compression, generally expressed in kilonewton per meter (kN/m).
- compression refers to the ability of shipping containers to resist external compressive forces, which is related to the stacking strength of the containers being subjected to forces encountered during transportation and warehousing. It is generally expressed in Newton (N).
- edge crush refers to the edgewise compression strength, generally expressed in kilonewton per meter (kN/m).
- web-forming apparatus generally includes fourdrinier former, twin wire former, cylinder machine, press former, crescent former, and the like, known to those skilled in the arts.
- CSF Canadian standard freeness
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a structure of paperboard of this invention, where the middle layer 10 uses BCTMP and the top and back layers 20, 30 use NBKP and LBKP.
- the middle layer 10 uses BCTMP and the top and back layers 20, 30 use NBKP and LBKP.
- calcium carbonate is used for the paperboard coating 40.
- the coating materials applied on the top layer 20 is three times that of those applied on the back layer 30.
- the invention describes the use of bamboo to replace a portion of the virgin long wood fiber in the top and back layers 20, 30.
- the middle layer 10 may also be replaced by another alternative non-wood fiber, such as wheat straw.
- bamboo can be used to replace a portion of the virgin long wood fiber in the top and back layers 20, 30 of a multilayered premium paperboard structure. Examples described below range from 50 to 85% bamboo in a layer.
- the middle layer 10 can also be replaced by another alternative non-wood fiber, such as wheat straw. Examples described below include 100% wheat straw.
- Mechanical properties are comparable or better than the control that is composed of all virgin wood pulp fibers.
- the paperboard can be used for product packaging in support of sustainability goals at equivalent or possibly lower cost than current wood-based paperboard.
- SUS/SBS paperboard is made using virgin wood-based fibers today.
- continuous uses of the long softwood fiber are economically and environmentally challenged. Therefore, a replacement of the wood-based long fiber fulfills unmet business needs.
- Long non-wood natural fibers selected from bamboo species are not customarily used in top and back layers 20, 30 in the paperboard. This disclosure describes the use of bamboo in paperboard, which is previously unknown and unpracticed. The paperboard sheet containing bamboo can then be coated for printing and converting.
- a conventional SUS/SBS paperboard structure is layered.
- the top and back layers 20, 30 use a mixture of softwood long and hardwood short fibers.
- the middle layer 10 uses bleached or unbleached chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP).
- CTMP bleached or unbleached chemithermomechanical pulp
- a coating is applied to the outer surfaces, such as latex, kaolin clay or calcium carbonate.
- non-wood alternative natural fibers such as bamboo is an option to replace NBKP (top and back layers 20, 30) in paperboard to create new packaging materials.
- This disclosure relates to multi-layer paper and paperboard products in which top and back plies are formed using bamboo or a combination of bamboo leaf bleached Kraft pulp (LBKP) and NBKP fibers.
- LKP bamboo leaf bleached Kraft pulp
- NBKP bamboo leaf bleached Kraft pulp
- containerboard corrugated cardboard: US2014093705 Tree-Free Fiber Compositions and Uses in Paperboard Packaging
- Recycled fibers can be derived from any paper and board that has been collected for reuse as raw fiber material in paper and board manufacturing.
- commodity wood pulps are classified into softwood pulp derived from softwood trees such as spruce, pine, fir, larch and hemlock, and hardwood pulp derived from hardwood trees such as eucalyptus, aspen and birch.
- Pulping processes for non-wood natural fibers are raw-material-dependent; detailed steps can be found in Sridach, W. (2010), The Environmentally Benign Pulping Process of Non-wood Fibers, Suranaree J. Sci. Technol., 17(2), 105-123.
- red algae pulp can be processed by simple bleaching steps with much less energy and capital cost, partially because there is no presence of lignin (Seo, Y.B. et al. (2010), Red Algae and Their Use in Papermaking, Bioresource Technology, 101 , 2549-2553).
- Non-wood fiber sources account for only about 5-10% of global pulp production for a variety of reasons including seasonal availability, problems with chemical recovery, brightness of the pulp, silica content, etc.
- the present disclosure describes using at least one non-wood or tree-free alternative pulp material in paperboard packaging to replace a major portion of conventional fiber materials.
- the composition of the present disclosure includes at least one non-wood alternative pulp material selected from land-based natural fibers, and combinations thereof.
- Land-based natural fibers can include flax, bamboo, cotton, jute, hemp, sisal, bagasse, kenaf, hesperaloe, switchgrass, miscanthus, and combinations thereof.
- Individual fibrous material from those non-wood materials can be derived from conventional pulping processes such as thermal mechanical pulping, Kraft pulping, chemical pulping, enzyme- assisted biological pulping or organosolv pulping known in the art.
- the pulp material compositions of the present disclosure can include various amounts of non-wood alternative natural pulp fibers.
- the composition can have a combination of elements where there is at least one non-wood alternative natural pulp fiber alone or it can be combined with a wood pulp fiber.
- the amount of non-wood alternative natural pulp fibers of the present disclosure can be present in an amount of from about 5%, from about 10%, from about 20%, from about 25%, from about 30% to about 40%, to about 50%, to about 60%, to about 75%, to about 100% by weight of the composition.
- the pulp material compositions of the present disclosure can also include a hardwood, short fiber pulp in an amount of from about 5%, from about 10%, from about 20%, or from about 30%, to about 40%, to about 50%, to about 60% or to about 70%, by weight of the composition.
- compositions of the present disclosure can show combinations, although not limited to, wherein the chemical hardwood pulp to non-wood alternative natural pulp ratio can be from about 70:30, from about 60:40, from about 50:50, from about 30:70, from about 5:95 or from about 0:100.
- the non-wood alternative natural pulp there can the use of one type of non-wood alternative natural pulp or two or more in combination.
- paperboard can be made totally based on non-wood alternative fibers such as kenaf, wheat straw, miscanthus, corn stover, and bamboo. This disclosure is about tree-free paperboard, which is a significant contrast to the current practice that relies on OCC, hardwood pulp, or a combination of both.
- Example 1 as a control sample and example 2 as an inventive sample were made on a dynamic sheet former (available from Fibertech, Sweden).
- Example 2 includes bamboo at 50% in both the top and back layers 20, 30 and replaces the middle layer 10 with wheat straw.
- Example 1 (control) layer structure/content is 1 :1 :1 (Pine)/(Pre-consumer
- Example 2 layer structure/content is 1 :1 :1 (50/50 Pine/Bamboo)/(Wheat
- Example 2 demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength, including ZD tensile and stiffness. This is surprising as the presence of alternative non-wood fiber typically adversely affects mechanical properties of a composite paperboard.
- Example 3 as a control sample and example 4 as an inventive sample were made on a commercial paper machine (IP-Sun, Yanzhou, Shandong, China).
- Example 4 includes bamboo at 75% in the top layer 20 and 85% in the back layer.
- Example 3 is commercially available StarBlanc C1 S Ivory Board. Its layer structure is approximately 1 :4:1 (blend of two types of Kraft Pulp NBKP/LBKP)/(blend of two types of Mechanical Pulp APMP/BCTMP and broke)/(blend of two types of Kraft Pulp NBKP/LBKP). It is coated on both sides. See below for specifics.
- Example 4 layer structure is approximately 1 :4:1 (25/75 NBKP/Bamboo)/(same middle layer as in example 3)/(15/85 NBKP/Bamboo). It is also coated similarly on both sides.
- NNKP Northern bleached Kraft pulp
- LLKP Leaf bleached Kraft pulp
- BCTMP SW pulp was purchased from Panpac Forest Products, Ltd. in Napier, New
- Alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp was purchased from Yanzhou Heli Paper Industry Co., Ltd. in Yanzhou, China. Broke is recycled from manufacturing processes. Latex, clay, and ground calcium carbonate were used as coating materials for paperboard manufacturing.
- the inventive samples were made using a paper machine (PM 18) at IP-Sun in Yanzhou, Shandong, China.
- a trimmed paperboard width is 3350 mm.
- PM 18 was equipped with four wires (top ply, under ply, filler ply and back ply).
- a layered paper sheet was formed using a dynamic sheet former (Fibertech,
- This control paperboard sample contains 1/3 of top layer 20 (pine) and 1/3 filler in the middle (pre-consumer fiber) and 1/3 back layer 30 (pine), respectively. It was formed using the dynamic sheet former.
- the fiber weight for each layer was determined according the targeted paperboard basis weight of 60 pounds per 1000 square foot (-300 g/m 2 ) and a diluted suspension (0.5% or less) was prepared in the mixing chest and pumped via the transversing nozzle to the blot paper in the rotating drum.
- the wet paperboard formed was pressed and dried at 150 °C for about 10 minutes.
- Table 1 The testing results are shown in Table 1 , which can be used to compare them against the sample of example 2.
- example 2 As shown in Table 1 , the sample of example 2 was made using different combinations of pine and bamboo fibers for top and back layers 20, 30. However, the middle layer 10 was completely replaced by wheat straw.
- the handsheet basis weight and size for example 2 are the same as example 1 , but the caliper is greater than a targeted value of 16 points.
- This example uses a commercial paperboard sample, StarBlanc C1 S Ivory board, as a control sample. It has the same multilayer composition as described in Fig. 1 .
- all fibers used in the control sample are virgin wood pulp, where the middle layer 10 is made of 35% APMP, 30% BCTMP and 35% broke.
- the top and back layers 20, 30 are 15 to 25% NBKP and 75 to 85% LBKP.
- the basis weight is targeted to be 300 g/m 2 .
- the weight distribution is about 58-65% for the middle layer 10, 14-15% for the top layer 20, and 1 1 -12% for the back layer. The remainder is coating layers.
- the control paperboard testing parameters are listed in Table 2.
- bamboo pulp was used in this example to replace a portion of virgin wood pulp in top and back layers 20, 30.
- the top layer 20 used 25% NBKP and 75% bamboo.
- the back layer 30 used 15% NBKP and 85% bamboo.
- the paperboard made on PM 18 was tested under controlled temperature (23 ⁇ 1 °C) and relative humidity (50 ⁇ 2%). The results are shown in Table 2. In comparison to the control sample, folding strength is much better than for the control sample, whereas smoothness is about 1 ⁇ 2 of the control. The required smoothness is at least 100 or in a range of 150 and above.
- the top layer 20 can use 50% bamboo and 50% LBKP.
- the back layer 30 can use 30% bamboo and 70% LBKP, while keeping the middle layer 10 the same.
- the paperboard sample from Example 4 was mounted and cut into a broad ion beam (BIB) section for a cross-sectional view at MVA Scientific Consultant (Duluth, GA).
- the BIB cross sectioning is an advanced method for preparing accurate cross section surfaces for a wide variety of materials.
- BIB excels in comparison to traditional methods such as mechanical polishing or microtome when cross-sectioning soft materials, very hard materials, porous materials, or combinations of these.
- the BIB cross-sectioned surface area is approximately 1 mm in width and several hundred micrometers in length.
- the ion beam is able to cut through paperboard without deforming it or filling the pores. This allows for detailed studies of the pore structure, for example, how deep the filler such as calcium carbonate will penetrate into the porous coating layer.
- a sample is first cut and trimmed for suitable size and shape. It is then attached to a sample holder (titanium) which acts as a mask plate. A small part (20-200 ⁇ ) of the sample is left visible above the edge of the mask. The broad argon ion beam is aligned perpendicular on the edge of the mask so that half of the beam hits the sample and the other half hits the mask. The ions start removing material from the visible area of the sample while the mask plate protects the rest. Over time the ion bombardment results in a clean planar cross section area of the sample behind the mask plate edge. As shown in Fig, 2, thick white layer is three layered calcium carbonate coating and thin layer is one layer calcium carbonate coating.
- the BCTMP portion fiber is layered in the middle and hollow.
- the top and back layers 20, 30 are a mixture of wood-based and bamboo fibers.
- compositions of the present disclosure unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore; do not include solvents or by-products that can be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.
- weight percent can be denoted as "wt. %” herein. Except where specific examples of actual measured values are presented, numerical values referred to herein should be considered to be qualified by the word "about.”
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (7)
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KR1020187000833A KR20180014829A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | Non-wood fiber composition and use in cardboard packaging |
AU2016285836A AU2016285836B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | Wood-free fiber compositions and uses in paperboard packaging |
CN201680033919.8A CN107735528A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | Purposes without wood-fibred composition and in carton package |
US15/574,648 US20180134472A1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | Wood-free fiber compositions and uses in paperboard packaging |
MX2017015906A MX2017015906A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | Wood-free fiber compositions and uses in paperboard packaging. |
BR112017026181-2A BR112017026181B1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | CARDBOARD PACKAGING MATERIAL |
GB1800708.8A GB2557052B (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | Wood-free fiber compositions and uses in paperboard packaging |
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US201562186926P | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | |
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KR (1) | KR20180014829A (en) |
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- 2016-06-29 WO PCT/US2016/039940 patent/WO2017004111A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-06-29 AU AU2016285836A patent/AU2016285836B2/en active Active
- 2016-06-29 US US15/574,648 patent/US20180134472A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-06-29 CN CN201680033919.8A patent/CN107735528A/en active Pending
- 2016-06-29 GB GB1800708.8A patent/GB2557052B/en active Active
- 2016-06-29 MX MX2017015906A patent/MX2017015906A/en unknown
- 2016-06-29 BR BR112017026181-2A patent/BR112017026181B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-06-29 KR KR1020187000833A patent/KR20180014829A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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WO2020160603A1 (en) * | 2019-02-04 | 2020-08-13 | Plastic Free Packaging Pty Ltd | A new material, a new and improved layered or laminated material, formwork and or construction element |
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EP3981912A1 (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-13 | AustroCel Hallein GmbH | Method of manufacturing a blend of fibers |
Also Published As
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GB2557052B (en) | 2020-07-01 |
BR112017026181A2 (en) | 2018-08-14 |
GB201800708D0 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
KR20180014829A (en) | 2018-02-09 |
BR112017026181B1 (en) | 2022-07-05 |
AU2016285836A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
MX2017015906A (en) | 2018-05-07 |
CN107735528A (en) | 2018-02-23 |
AU2016285836B2 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
GB2557052A (en) | 2018-06-13 |
US20180134472A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
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