WO2017001424A1 - Structure de diffraction de lumière multicouche - Google Patents

Structure de diffraction de lumière multicouche Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017001424A1
WO2017001424A1 PCT/EP2016/065049 EP2016065049W WO2017001424A1 WO 2017001424 A1 WO2017001424 A1 WO 2017001424A1 EP 2016065049 W EP2016065049 W EP 2016065049W WO 2017001424 A1 WO2017001424 A1 WO 2017001424A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
diffraction
light
diffracting structure
multilayer light
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/065049
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Valentin Konstantinov MONOVSKI
Georgi Ivanov STOILOV
Mario Rumenov DOBREV
Andrii Ivanovskyi
Ihnat POHAN
Angel Georgiev BALDZHIEV
Evgeniy Anastasov LASKOV
Dimitar Antonov TONCHEV
Ivo Rumenov DELCHEV
Original Assignee
Demax - Holograms Ad
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Demax - Holograms Ad filed Critical Demax - Holograms Ad
Publication of WO2017001424A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017001424A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0252—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties using holographic or diffractive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
    • B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1861—Reflection gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a multilayer light-diffracting structure comprising a transparent diffraction layer and a light transforming layer in contact with the diffraction layer.
  • the diffraction layer comprises superposed first and second diffraction gratings oriented at an angle, a, to each other.
  • the first and second diffraction gratings each comprise elements having a triangular cross-section in a depth-wise direction of the diffraction layer.
  • a period, X, of the first diffraction grating and a period, Y, of the second diffraction grating are each in a range of from 0.2 to 0.8 micrometres.
  • the diffraction layer has a first refractive index ⁇ - ⁇ ( ⁇ ) as a function of wavelength ⁇ and the light transforming layer has a second refractive index ⁇ 2( ⁇ ) as a function of wavelength ⁇ .
  • the absolute value of the difference between the first refractive index ⁇ - ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and the second refractive index ⁇ 2( ⁇ ) is greater than 0.5 for the same wavelength ⁇ . Since the elements of the first and second diffraction gratings have a triangular cross-section in a depth-wise direction of the diffraction layer, they can be manufactured by a process using stamping or pressing.
  • both the first and second diffraction gratings are in a range of from 0.2 to 0.8 micrometres, they are suitable for diffracting incident light in the visible spectrum.
  • the relationship between the refractive indices of the diffraction layer and the light transforming layer ensures Fresnel reflection from the interface between the diffraction layer and the light transforming layer.
  • the angle (a) is substantially equal to 90 degrees. If so, the multilayer light- diffracting structure would appear most, black, if viewed from a direction normal to its surface. For illustration see Figure 9.
  • the light diffracts to very oblique angles and special conditions should be set up to see the first order of diffraction.
  • the hologram should be tilted and the source of light should be preferably from the back side of the observer. In this case only zero order of the grating is easily observed. For illustration see Figure 1 1 .
  • Figure 1 1 For illustration see Figure 1 1 .
  • gratings with period above ⁇ . ⁇ period produces rainbow coloured image in first order.
  • the intensity of the zero order depends on relief height of the grating.
  • the minimal value of reflection is 7% for optimal grating depth.
  • black is to be understood to mean a transmittance of incident light by the filter of less than about 10% and a chromaticity on a Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) colour chart within 5% of that of white light.
  • CIE Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage
  • the angle a may be less than 90 degrees, in which case, the multilayer light- diffracting structure will appear more grey as the angle a decreases.
  • the period, X, of the first diffraction grating is equal to the period, Y, of the second diffraction grating.
  • At least one of the first and second diffraction gratings is quasiperiodic.
  • the diffraction layer comprises a plurality of first areas, each of which comprises superposed first and second diffraction gratings oriented at a respective angle, a, to each other. If so, at least two of the first areas may be obliquely oriented with respect to each other.
  • the light transforming layer may be reflective. If so, a depth, d g , of each of the first and second diffraction gratings should preferably be in a range of from 0.1 to 0.5 micrometres. Alternatively, the light transforming layer may be transparent. If so, a depth, d g , of each of the first and second diffraction gratings should preferably be in a range of from 0.2 to 1 .0 micrometres.
  • a depth, dt, of the light transforming layer should preferably be within 15% of ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2, more preferably within 10%, still more preferably within 5%, and most preferably, substantially equal to hi If however, the light transforming layer is transparent, a depth, dt, of the light transforming layer should preferably be within 15% of ⁇ / I ni - ⁇ 21 , more preferably within 10%, still more preferably within 5%, and most preferably, substantially equal to ⁇ /
  • the light transforming layer may comprise an aperture exposing at least a part of the diffraction layer to the environment, which may be air or a vacuum.
  • the present invention also provides an optical security device comprising a multilayer light-diffracting structure according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the optical security device may be a security label, for example.
  • the present invention also provides an item of value comprising an optical security device according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a representative part of a first embodiment of a diffraction layer of a multilayer light-diffracting structure
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view through the diffraction layer of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a representative part of the diffraction layer of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a representative part of a third embodiment of a diffraction layer of a multilayer light-diffracting structure
  • Fig. 8A is a plan view of an optical security device comprising a multilayer light-diffracting structure
  • Fig. 8C is an oblique view from a second direction of the optical security device of Fig. 8A.
  • Fig. 9 the multilayer light-diffracting structure appears most black, if viewed from a direction normal to its surface.
  • the scattered illumination zero-order and the first orders can be viewed for some range of illuminating and observing angles, but not only one value.
  • Fig. 1 1 illustrates tilting of the hologram and the source of light should be preferably from the back side of the observer where only zero order of the grating is easily observed.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates that the minimal value of reflection being 7% for optimal grating depth where the threshold level of 10% for "black" colour is selected to maintain possible production errors.
  • a multilayer light-diffracting structure 10 comprising a support layer 1 , a separation layer 2, one or more transparent protective layers 3, an anti-reflection coating 4, a diffraction layer 5, a light transforming layer 6, a layer 7 of adhesive, and a removable protective sheet 8.
  • the support layer 1 may, for example, be formed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the separation layer 2 may, for example, be formed of wax.
  • the diffraction layer 5 is transparent, as is the layer 7 of adhesive.
  • the protective sheet 8 is removable so that the multilayer light-diffracting structure 10 may be affixed via the layer 7 of adhesive to another object, such as an item of value, like a credit card or banknote.
  • the transparent diffraction layer 5 will be described in greater detail below in relation to Figs. 2 to 7.
  • the light transforming layer 6 is in contact with the diffraction layer 5 and may reflect light or it may transmit light.
  • the multilayer light-diffracting structure 10 can respectively operate in a light-transmitting mode or in a light-reflecting mode according to whether the light transforming layer 6 reflects or transmits light.
  • the light transforming layer 6 may be a reflective aluminium coating of the diffraction layer 5, in which case, the multilayer light- diffracting structure 10 will operate in a light-reflecting mode. In such a case, light illuminating the multilayer light-diffracting structure 10 from the direction A shown in Fig.
  • the purpose of the light transforming layer 6 is to transform light passing through the diffraction layer 5 by Fresnel reflection from the interface between the diffraction layer 5 and the light transforming layer 6.
  • the diffraction layer 5 has a first refractive index ⁇ - ⁇ ( ⁇ ) as a function of wavelength ⁇ and the light transforming layer 6 has a second refractive index ⁇ 2( ⁇ ) as a function of wavelength ⁇
  • the absolute value of the difference between the first refractive index ⁇ - ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and the second refractive index ⁇ 2( ⁇ ) should be greater than 0.5 for the same wavelength ⁇ .
  • the depth dt of the light transforming layer 6 is preferably within 15% of ⁇ /
  • both the first and second diffraction gratings are periodic.
  • the first grating has a period X and the second grating has a period Y.
  • the period X of the first grating is substantially equal to the period Y of the second grating.
  • the respective periods X and Y of the first and second diffraction gratings may instead be different from each other.
  • both the first and second diffraction gratings are quasiperiodic.
  • one of the first and second diffraction gratings may be periodic and the other of the first and second diffraction gratings may be quasiperiodic, instead.
  • the values of X and Y should in all cases both lie within a range of from 0.2 to 0.8 micrometres.
  • the diffraction layer 5 in both cases comprises a plurality of elements 9 which are square-based (or tetragonal) pyramids arranged in two- dimensional arrays.
  • the elements 9 form a regular two-dimensional array of tetragonal pyramids, as may be seen in the perspective view of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of a third possible embodiment, in which the diffraction layer 5 comprises a plurality of first areas 1 1 a, 1 1 b, 1 1 c and a plurality of second areas 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d.
  • the first areas each comprise superposed first and second diffraction gratings oriented at a respective angle a to each other to constitute regular arrays of elements 9 in the manner of the diffraction layer 5 illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • the first areas 1 1 a and 1 1 b are aligned with each other, whereas the first area 1 1 c is obliquely oriented with respect to the first areas 1 1 a and 1 1 b.
  • the height of the elements 9, which defines the depth d g of each of the first and second diffraction gratings is preferably within a range of from 0.1 to 0.5 micrometres. If, on the other hand, the light transforming layer 6 is transparent, so that the multilayer light-diffracting structure 10 can operate in a light-transmitting mode, the height of the elements 9, which again defines the depth d g of each of the first and second diffraction gratings, should preferably be twice as great, so that it is preferably within a range of from 0.2 to 1 .0 micrometres.
  • the object 14 is supposed always to be filled with a first multilayer light-diffracting structure and the background 15 in different cases either to be filled or not to be filled by a second multilayer light-diffracting structure, which is different from the first multilayer light-diffracting structure of the object 14.
  • the second multilayer light-diffracting structure of the background 15 is supposed to be aligned with the first multilayer light-diffracting structure of the object 14.
  • Figs. 8B and 8C respectively show the appearance of the optical security device 13 if it is viewed firstly at an oblique angle from a direction perpendicular to the first diffraction grating (Fig. 8B), and secondly at an oblique angle from a direction perpendicular to the second diffraction grating (Fig. 8C).
  • Figs. 8B and 8C represent the different appearances of the optical security device 13 if rotated by the angle a between the first and second diffraction gratings.
  • the object 14 will appear the same colour from both different directions.
  • the background 15 will appear unchanged.
  • the object 14 will appear different respective colours from the two different directions.
  • the periods X ⁇ Y of the two superposed diffraction gratings can be selected to define the colours.
  • the background 15 will again appear unchanged. In case no. 3, the object
  • the background 15 will not remain unchanged. Instead, the background 15 will also appear different respective colours from the two different directions.
  • the periods X ⁇ Y of the two superposed diffraction gratings can be selected to define the colours. For example, if the values of X and Y in the background 15 are chosen to be the opposite of the values of X and Y in the object 14, then the colours of the background 15 observed from the two different directions will also be the opposite of the colours of the object 14 observed from the two different directions.
  • the object 14 will appear grey from the two different directions.
  • the background 15 will appear unchanged.
  • the object 14 will appear grey from one direction (the direction of the quasiperiodic grating), but coloured from the other direction (the direction of the periodic grating).
  • the period of the periodic grating can again be chosen to define the colour observed.
  • the background 15 will again appear unchanged.
  • the object 14 will appear the same as in case no. 5 from the two different directions, but the background 15 will not remain unchanged. Instead, the background 15 will appear grey from one direction (the direction of the quasiperiodic grating), but coloured from the other direction (the direction of the periodic grating).
  • the period of the periodic grating can again be chosen to define the colour observed.
  • the appearance of the background 15 from the two different directions will be the opposite of the appearance of the object 14 from the two different directions.
  • a colour is observed at an oblique viewing angle
  • the observed colour changes through the colours of the rainbow as the viewing angle is increased or decreased.
  • grey is observed at an oblique viewing angle
  • the observed shade of grey varies from black through grey to white as the viewing angle is increased or decreased.
  • Such an optical security device as shown in Figs. 8A to 8C may be applied to an item of value, such as a bank card or banknote, passport or identity card, branded goods, ticket or legal document, for example, as a security and/or certification and/or authentication and/or identity feature.
  • an item of value such as a bank card or banknote, passport or identity card, branded goods, ticket or legal document, for example, as a security and/or certification and/or authentication and/or identity feature.
  • a multilayer light-diffracting structure 10 may be manufactured according to the following process.
  • a mathematical description of the diffraction layer 5 is generated. This mathematical description is used to create a file for an electronic beam lithography (EBL) process.
  • EBL electronic beam lithography
  • a plate coated with resist is then exposed to an electronic beam directed by the file to create a pattern on the plate defined by the file.
  • the plate may, for example, be formed of silicon or glass.
  • the resist-coated plate is then developed according to whatever technique is recommended for it by a manufacturer of the resist-coated plate.
  • the pattern is then transferred electrochemically from the plate to a metal matrix.
  • the metal matrix may, for example, be formed of nickel.
  • a layer 7 of adhesive is applied to the light transforming layer 6 and covered with a removable protective sheet 8.
  • the multilayer light-diffracting structure 10 is then ready for use in an optical security device, such as a security label, for example.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une structure de diffraction de lumière multicouche (10) comprenant une couche de diffraction transparente (5) et une couche transformant la lumière (6) en contact avec la couche de diffraction (5). La couche de diffraction (5) comprend des premier et second réseaux de diffraction superposés orientés selon un certain angle (a) l'un par rapport à l'autre. Les premier et second réseaux de diffraction comprennent chacun des éléments (9) ayant une section transversale triangulaire dans le sens de la profondeur de la couche de diffraction (5). Une période (X) du premier réseau de diffraction et une période (Y) du second réseau de diffraction sont chacune dans une plage allant de 0,2 à 0,8 micromètre. La couche de diffraction (5) présente un premier indice de réfraction n1(λ) en fonction de la longueur d'onde (λ) et la couche transformant la lumière (6) présente un second indice de réfraction n2(λ) en fonction de la longueur d'onde (λ). La valeur absolue de la différence entre le premier indice de réfraction n1(λ) et le second indice de réfraction n2(λ) est supérieure à 0,5 pour la même longueur d'onde (λ). La structure de diffraction de lumière multicouche (10) peut apparaître noire si elle est observée perpendiculairement à sa surface, peut être fabriquée par un procédé utilisant l'estampage ou le pressage et peut être utilisée en tant que caractéristique de sécurité d'un article de valeur, tel qu'une carte de banque, un billet de banque, un passeport ou une carte d'identité, des produits de marque, un ticket ou un document juridique, par exemple.
PCT/EP2016/065049 2015-06-29 2016-06-28 Structure de diffraction de lumière multicouche WO2017001424A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BGPCT/BG2015/000019 2015-06-29
PCT/BG2015/000019 WO2017000048A1 (fr) 2015-06-29 2015-06-29 Élément optique variable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017001424A1 true WO2017001424A1 (fr) 2017-01-05

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PCT/BG2015/000019 WO2017000048A1 (fr) 2015-06-29 2015-06-29 Élément optique variable
PCT/EP2016/065049 WO2017001424A1 (fr) 2015-06-29 2016-06-28 Structure de diffraction de lumière multicouche

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/BG2015/000019 WO2017000048A1 (fr) 2015-06-29 2015-06-29 Élément optique variable

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019031786A1 (fr) * 2017-08-08 2019-02-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Élément optique, élément de polarisation et dispositif d'affichage

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018005447A1 (de) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-09 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Optisch variables Sicherheitselement mit reflektivem Flächenbereich

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4856857A (en) * 1985-05-07 1989-08-15 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Transparent reflection-type
US20070211317A1 (en) * 2004-07-05 2007-09-13 Manfred Heim Security Element with a Color Shift Tilt Effect
US20080272883A1 (en) * 2006-10-24 2008-11-06 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Display and labeled article
US20120229368A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2012-09-13 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Display and labeled article

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1538342A (en) 1976-01-19 1979-01-17 Rca Corp Structure and recording for diffractive relief images for zero-order read-out in black-and-white

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4856857A (en) * 1985-05-07 1989-08-15 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Transparent reflection-type
US20070211317A1 (en) * 2004-07-05 2007-09-13 Manfred Heim Security Element with a Color Shift Tilt Effect
US20080272883A1 (en) * 2006-10-24 2008-11-06 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Display and labeled article
US20120229368A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2012-09-13 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Display and labeled article

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019031786A1 (fr) * 2017-08-08 2019-02-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Élément optique, élément de polarisation et dispositif d'affichage
US11036073B2 (en) 2017-08-08 2021-06-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Optical member, polarization member, and display device

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