WO2016210223A1 - Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 - Google Patents
Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016210223A1 WO2016210223A1 PCT/US2016/039165 US2016039165W WO2016210223A1 WO 2016210223 A1 WO2016210223 A1 WO 2016210223A1 US 2016039165 W US2016039165 W US 2016039165W WO 2016210223 A1 WO2016210223 A1 WO 2016210223A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- seq
- antibody
- specifically binds
- cell
- cells
- Prior art date
Links
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 144
- 230000008102 immune modulation Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 101000777636 Homo sapiens ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 297
- 102100031585 ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 282
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 207
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 176
- 210000004985 myeloid-derived suppressor cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 131
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 115
- 210000003289 regulatory T cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 107
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 45
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000010056 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 108010003272 Hyaluronate lyase Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 102000001974 Hyaluronidases Human genes 0.000 claims description 20
- 229960002773 hyaluronidase Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940076838 Immune checkpoint inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 108091008026 Inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000037984 Inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012274 immune-checkpoint protein inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000052645 human CD38 Human genes 0.000 claims description 18
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 101001057504 Homo sapiens Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 101001055144 Homo sapiens Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 102100026878 Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000003162 effector t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010047041 Complementarity Determining Regions Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940045513 CTLA4 antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006052 T cell proliferation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001270 agonistic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000002154 non-small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 102100035248 Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 101001022185 Homo sapiens Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 101000946889 Homo sapiens Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 102100035877 Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 101000934338 Homo sapiens Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102100025243 Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000016396 cytokine production Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940126547 T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000002707 regulatory b cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100024222 B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000001342 Fallopian tube cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000013452 Fallopian tube neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000980825 Homo sapiens B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000000102 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010046431 Urethral cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010046458 Urethral neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000008385 Urogenital Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014564 chemokine production Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000000459 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000016784 immunoglobulin production Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000009273 Endometriosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011319 anticancer therapy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000008443 lung non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000884271 Homo sapiens Signal transducer CD24 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100038081 Signal transducer CD24 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000017897 Carcinoma of esophagus Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 208000020322 Gaucher disease type I Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002519 immonomodulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229960002204 daratumumab Drugs 0.000 description 104
- 102100034922 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 64
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 50
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 47
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 37
- 229940094732 darzalex Drugs 0.000 description 34
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 33
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 30
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 102000017420 CD3 protein, epsilon/gamma/delta subunit Human genes 0.000 description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 23
- 235000014966 Eragrostis abyssinica Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 210000000822 natural killer cell Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000004540 complement-dependent cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N Fucose Natural products C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 102100037850 Interferon gamma Human genes 0.000 description 14
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N L-fucopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N 0.000 description 14
- -1 fucose monosaccharide Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 210000002865 immune cell Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 14
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 11
- 229940079156 Proteasome inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003207 proteasome inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002721 intensity-modulated radiation therapy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 10
- 101000738771 Homo sapiens Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102100037422 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006023 anti-tumor response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005860 defense response to virus Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229960002621 pembrolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 9
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 108010074708 B7-H1 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000008096 B7-H1 Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108700005091 Immunoglobulin Genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100040678 Programmed cell death protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 101710089372 Programmed cell death protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000005867 T cell response Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000000440 neutrophil Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 229960003301 nivolumab Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000002719 stereotactic radiosurgery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 7
- VDABVNMGKGUPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC=C2C=1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C2(C1=C2)OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O VDABVNMGKGUPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000701044 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 Species 0.000 description 6
- 206010057249 Phagocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000000961 alloantigen Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000001151 cytotoxic T lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000009092 lines of therapy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000008782 phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000701022 Cytomegalovirus Species 0.000 description 5
- 101001124991 Homo sapiens Nitric oxide synthase, inducible Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010021625 Immunoglobulin Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000008394 Immunoglobulin Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102100029438 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible Human genes 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000001793 Wilcoxon signed-rank test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000033289 adaptive immune response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005975 antitumor immune response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000006028 immune-suppresssive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000000050 myeloid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000712461 unidentified influenza virus Species 0.000 description 5
- 102100021723 Arginase-1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101710129000 Arginase-1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000008070 Interferon-gamma Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102000003814 Interleukin-10 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000174 Interleukin-10 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004388 Interleukin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000978 Interleukin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000006044 T cell activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940028885 interleukin-4 Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003071 memory t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002823 phage display Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioguanine Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=C1N=CN2 WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000019034 Chemokines Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010012236 Chemokines Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000006354 HLA-DR Antigens Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010058597 HLA-DR Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100034458 Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710083479 Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 homolog Proteins 0.000 description 3
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-arginine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005411 L01XE02 - Gefitinib Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005551 L01XE03 - Erlotinib Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002136 L01XE07 - Lapatinib Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000585 Mann–Whitney U test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100407308 Mus musculus Pdcd1lg2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108700030875 Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100024213 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000006146 Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 3
- AAKJLRGGTJKAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N erlotinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(OCCOC)C(OCCOC)=CC2=NC=NC=1NC1=CC=CC(C#C)=C1 AAKJLRGGTJKAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002443 helper t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002998 immunogenetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960003130 interferon gamma Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960005386 ipilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 3
- BCFGMOOMADDAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lapatinib Chemical compound O1C(CNCCS(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N=CN=C2NC=3C=C(Cl)C(OCC=4C=C(F)C=CC=4)=CC=3)C2=C1 BCFGMOOMADDAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 3
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940055760 yervoy Drugs 0.000 description 3
- NFGXHKASABOEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylethyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCCC(C)CC=CC(C)=CC(=O)OC(C)C NFGXHKASABOEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108050008264 ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091023037 Aptamer Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004452 Arginase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700024123 Arginases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100022002 CD59 glycoprotein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010021064 CTLA-4 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000008203 CTLA-4 Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 2
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N Capecitabine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010057248 Cell death Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100025680 Complement decay-accelerating factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N Cytarabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000018 DNA microarray Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010092160 Dactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010061819 Disease recurrence Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008168 Ficus benjamina Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010017993 Gastrointestinal neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101000897400 Homo sapiens CD59 glycoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000856022 Homo sapiens Complement decay-accelerating factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001018097 Homo sapiens L-selectin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001012157 Homo sapiens Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000914514 Homo sapiens T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000760337 Homo sapiens Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010054477 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000001706 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000008839 Kidney Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930064664 L-arginine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000014852 L-arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100033467 L-selectin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108700018351 Major Histocompatibility Complex Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100030176 Muscular LMNA-interacting protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710195411 Muscular LMNA-interacting protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-acelyl-D-glucosamine Natural products CC(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N N-acetylglucosamine Natural products CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000002454 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010061306 Nasopharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010030155 Oesophageal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000282577 Pan troglodytes Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000000447 Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010055817 Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100030086 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100029981 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710100963 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010038389 Renal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000006265 Renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000033540 T cell apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100027213 T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- PZBFGYYEXUXCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TCEP Chemical compound OC(=O)CCP(CCC(O)=O)CCC(O)=O PZBFGYYEXUXCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N Tamoxifen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(/CC)=C(C=1C=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=1)/C1=CC=CC=C1 NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiotepa Chemical compound C1CN1P(N1CC1)(=S)N1CC1 FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100024689 Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 2
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinomycin D Natural products CC1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)NC4C(=O)NC(C(N5CCCC5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003295 alanine group Chemical group N[C@@H](C)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033115 angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000340 anti-metabolite Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005888 antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940100197 antimetabolite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002256 antimetabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003852 atezolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004978 chinese hamster ovary cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960004630 chlorambucil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorambucil Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009260 cross reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteamine Chemical compound NCCS UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-ZXZARUISSA-N dithioerythritol Chemical compound SC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003534 dna topoisomerase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950009791 durvalumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001094 effect on targets Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002584 gefitinib Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XGALLCVXEZPNRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gefitinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(OCCCN3CCOCC3)C(OC)=CC2=NC=NC=1NC1=CC=C(F)C(Cl)=C1 XGALLCVXEZPNRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000844 hepatocellular carcinoma Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 208000037584 hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000000589 high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001101 ifosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ifosfamide Chemical compound ClCCNP1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012642 immune effector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008629 immune suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010212 intracellular staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229950007752 isatuximab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010982 kidney cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000816 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003151 mercaptamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001156 mitoxantrone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mitoxantrone Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCNCCO)=CC=C2NCCNCCO KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007799 mixed lymphocyte reaction assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000011216 nasopharynx carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000000581 natural killer T-cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013610 patient sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004180 plasmocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010837 poor prognosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000037821 progressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RXWNCPJZOCPEPQ-NVWDDTSBSA-N puromycin Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](N2C3=NC=NC(=C3N=C2)N(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO RXWNCPJZOCPEPQ-NVWDDTSBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002673 radiosurgery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004622 raloxifene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GZUITABIAKMVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N raloxifene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(OCCN3CCCCC3)=CC=2)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2S1 GZUITABIAKMVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007637 random forest analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000013179 statistical model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002717 stereotactic radiation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- PVYJZLYGTZKPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N streptonigrin Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(=O)C(OC)=C(N)C(=O)C2=NC=1C(C=1N)=NC(C(O)=O)=C(C)C=1C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1O PVYJZLYGTZKPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012706 support-vector machine Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020382 suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940120982 tarceva Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001196 thiotepa Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940044693 topoisomerase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940094060 tykerb Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001946 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNJPGOLRFBJNIW-HNNXBMFYSA-N (-)-demecolcine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(=O)C=C2[C@@H](NC)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3C2=C1 NNJPGOLRFBJNIW-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMXHPSHLTSZXKH-RVBZMBCESA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 5-[(3as,4s,6ar)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H]2NC(=O)N[C@H]2CS1)CCCC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O YMXHPSHLTSZXKH-RVBZMBCESA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQLRUYAYXDIFW-RWKIJVEZSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 WDQLRUYAYXDIFW-RWKIJVEZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLWWDYNPWOSLEO-HQVZTVAUSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[1-(2-amino-4-oxo-1h-pteridin-6-yl)ethyl-methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1C(C)N(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FLWWDYNPWOSLEO-HQVZTVAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGMTUJFWROPELF-YPAAEMCBSA-N (3E,5S)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)\C(=C(/C)O)C1=O CGMTUJFWROPELF-YPAAEMCBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBSKUSTLXISAB-XVVDYKMHSA-N (5r,6r,7r,8r)-8-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,3]benzodioxole-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)[C@@H]2C(O)=O)=C1 XRBSKUSTLXISAB-XVVDYKMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBSKUSTLXISAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (7R,7'R,8R,8'R)-form-Podophyllic acid Natural products COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3C(O)C(CO)C2C(O)=O)=C1 XRBSKUSTLXISAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AESVUZLWRXEGEX-DKCAWCKPSA-N (7S,9R)-7-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].COc1cccc2C(=O)c3c(O)c4C[C@@](O)(C[C@H](O[C@@H]5C[C@@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O5)c4c(O)c3C(=O)c12)C(=O)CO AESVUZLWRXEGEX-DKCAWCKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXVAMODRWBNUSF-KZQKBALLSA-N (7s,9r,10r)-7-[(2r,4s,5s,6s)-5-[[(2s,4as,5as,7s,9s,9ar,10ar)-2,9-dimethyl-3-oxo-4,4a,5a,6,7,9,9a,10a-octahydrodipyrano[4,2-a:4',3'-e][1,4]dioxin-7-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[(2s,4s,5s,6s)-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2 Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C2=C(O)C=3C(=O)C4=CC=CC(O)=C4C(=O)C=3C(O)=C2[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H]4O[C@@H]5O[C@@H](C)C(=O)C[C@@H]5O[C@H]4C3)[C@H](C2)N(C)C)C[C@]1(O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@H](N(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 JXVAMODRWBNUSF-KZQKBALLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8S)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NCC2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N (E)-dacarbazine Chemical compound CN(C)\N=N\c1[nH]cnc1C(N)=O FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-KRWDZBQOSA-N (R)-bicalutamide Chemical compound C([C@@](O)(C)C(=O)NC=1C=C(C(C#N)=CC=1)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGNGYMCLFWQVGX-AGFFZDDWSA-N (e)-1-[(2s)-2-amino-2-carboxyethoxy]-2-diazonioethenolate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO\C([O-])=C\[N+]#N AGNGYMCLFWQVGX-AGFFZDDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-OFKYTIFKSA-N 1-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(tritiooxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[3H])O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)=C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-OFKYTIFKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTOTXLJHDSNXMW-POYBYMJQSA-N 2,3-dideoxyuridine Chemical compound O1[C@H](CO)CC[C@@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 BTOTXLJHDSNXMW-POYBYMJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOMZMNZEXMAQQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5,11-trimethyl-6h-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazol-2-ium-9-ol;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.C[N+]1=CC=C2C(C)=C(NC=3C4=CC(O)=CC=3)C4=C(C)C2=C1 BOMZMNZEXMAQQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCXJFISCRQIYID-IAEPZHFASA-N 2-amino-1-n-[(3s,6s,7r,10s,16s)-3-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-10-propan-2-yl-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-n-[(3s,6s,7r,10s,16s)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propa Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N=C2C(C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]3C)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2O2)C2=C(C)C=C1 QCXJFISCRQIYID-IAEPZHFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- RASMOUCLFYYPSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methylpyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC(C#N)=C(N)N=C1C RASMOUCLFYYPSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNBAOSVONFJBKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n,n-bis(2-chloroethyl)propan-1-amine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(Cl)CN(CCCl)CCCl VNBAOSVONFJBKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDMPLJNOPCLANR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxy-15-(4-hydroxy-18-methoxycarbonyl-5,18-seco-ibogamin-18-yl)-16-methoxy-1-methyl-6,7-didehydro-aspidospermidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 NDMPLJNOPCLANR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWMYMKOUNYTVQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(8,8-diethyl-2-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl)-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound C1C[Ge](CC)(CC)CCC11CN(CCCN(C)C)CC1 PWMYMKOUNYTVQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXJWYDDUDKYVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-6-methoxy-7-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]quinazoline Chemical compound COC1=CC2=C(OC=3C(=C4C=C(C)NC4=CC=3)F)N=CN=C2C=C1OCCCN1CCCC1 XXJWYDDUDKYVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DODQJNMQWMSYGS-QPLCGJKRSA-N 4-[(z)-1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-1-phenylbut-1-en-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(/CC)=C(C=1C=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=1)/C1=CC=CC=C1 DODQJNMQWMSYGS-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZGACDUOSZQKY-LBPRGKRZSA-N 4-aminofolic acid Chemical compound C1=NC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2N=C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 TVZGACDUOSZQKY-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSGVKWWVXWSJT-ATVHPVEESA-N 5-[(z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1h-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-n-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)-1h-pyrrole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC=1NC(\C=C/2C3=CC(F)=CC=C3NC\2=O)=C(C)C=1C(=O)NCCN1CCCC1 SRSGVKWWVXWSJT-ATVHPVEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDPUKCWIGUEADI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]uracil Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)C1=CNC(=O)NC1=O IDPUKCWIGUEADI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 5-azacytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYXSYVWAUAUWLD-SHUUEZRQSA-N 6-azauridine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=N1 WYXSYVWAUAUWLD-SHUUEZRQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005538 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YCWQAMGASJSUIP-YFKPBYRVSA-N 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)C=[N+]=[N-] YCWQAMGASJSUIP-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Cyan-hept-2t-en-4,6-diinsaeure Natural products C1=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C(OC)=CC=CC=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=2CC(O)(C(C)=O)CC1OC1CC(N)C(O)C(C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88755TAZ87 Chemical compound NCC(=O)CCC(O)=O ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDZZVAMISRMYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9beta-Ribofuranosyl-7-deazaadenin Natural products C1=CC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1O HDZZVAMISRMYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010027122 ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010069754 Acquired gene mutation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010507 Adenocarcinoma of Lung Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010052747 Adenocarcinoma pancreas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940086568 Alpha mannosidase I inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102100021266 Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CEIZFXOZIQNICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alternaria alternata Crofton-weed toxin Natural products CCC(C)C1NC(=O)C(C(C)=O)=C1O CEIZFXOZIQNICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091093088 Amplicon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004148 Annexin A4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000669 Annexin A4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100274418 Arabidopsis thaliana CID4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000014654 Aromatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010078554 Aromatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical class C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N BAY-43-9006 Chemical compound C1=NC(C(=O)NC)=CC(OC=2C=CC(NC(=O)NC=3C=C(C(Cl)=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)=C1 MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100025440 BMP-binding endothelial regulator protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VGGGPCQERPFHOB-MCIONIFRSA-N Bestatin Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VGGGPCQERPFHOB-MCIONIFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010006654 Bleomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006037 Brook Silaketone rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001266 CD8-positive T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 101100217502 Caenorhabditis elegans lgg-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000288950 Callithrix jacchus Species 0.000 description 1
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Capecitabine Natural products C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1C1C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710132601 Capsid protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SHHKQEUPHAENFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carboquone Chemical compound O=C1C(C)=C(N2CC2)C(=O)C(C(COC(N)=O)OC)=C1N1CC1 SHHKQEUPHAENFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOCCBINRVIKJHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carmofur Chemical compound CCCCCCNC(=O)N1C=C(F)C(=O)NC1=O AOCCBINRVIKJHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carmustine Chemical compound ClCCNC(=O)N(N=O)CCCl DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100032215 Cathepsin E Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000001327 Chemokine CCL5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010055166 Chemokine CCL5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JWBOIMRXGHLCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloditan Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C(C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JWBOIMRXGHLCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCDXSSFOJZZGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlornaphazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N(CCCl)CCCl)=CC=C21 XCDXSSFOJZZGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKQWTWSXVILIKJ-LXGUWJNJSA-N Chlorozotocin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C=O)NC(=O)N(N=O)CCCl MKQWTWSXVILIKJ-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000030808 Clear cell renal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710094648 Coat protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000001712 DNA sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006820 DNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- WEAHRLBPCANXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Daunomycin Natural products CCC1(O)CC(OC2CC(N)C(O)C(C)O2)c3cc4C(=O)c5c(OC)cccc5C(=O)c4c(O)c3C1 WEAHRLBPCANXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNJPGOLRFBJNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Demecolcine Natural products C1=C(OC)C(=O)C=C2C(NC)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3C2=C1 NNJPGOLRFBJNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061818 Disease progression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100024560 Drosophila melanogaster Mettl3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SAMRUMKYXPVKPA-VFKOLLTISA-N Enocitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SAMRUMKYXPVKPA-VFKOLLTISA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBMLHUPNRURLOK-XGRAFVIBSA-N Epitiostanol Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2S[C@@H]2C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC[C@H]21 OBMLHUPNRURLOK-XGRAFVIBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010087819 Fc receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009109 Fc receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024508 Ficolin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000729 Fisher's exact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012413 Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001135 Friedman test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102100031351 Galectin-9 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710121810 Galectin-9 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100021181 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010069236 Goserelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BLCLNMBMMGCOAS-URPVMXJPSA-N Goserelin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](COC(C)(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)NNC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BLCLNMBMMGCOAS-URPVMXJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000001398 Granzyme Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060005986 Granzyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940125497 HER2 kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127384 HER3 Antagonists Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000002250 Hematologic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017604 Hodgkin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021519 Hodgkin lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010747 Hodgkins lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000819490 Homo sapiens Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934632 Homo sapiens BMP-binding endothelial regulator protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000869031 Homo sapiens Cathepsin E Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001052785 Homo sapiens Ficolin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000599940 Homo sapiens Interferon gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000961414 Homo sapiens Membrane cofactor protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000581981 Homo sapiens Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003839 Human Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000144 Human Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000701024 Human betaherpesvirus 5 Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001135301 Hypleurochilus fissicornis Species 0.000 description 1
- MPBVHIBUJCELCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibandronate Chemical compound CCCCCN(C)CCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O MPBVHIBUJCELCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N Idarubicin Chemical compound C1[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Idarubicin Natural products C1C(N)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2CC(O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009490 IgG Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010073807 IgG Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037982 Immune checkpoint proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091008036 Immune checkpoint proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010067060 Immunoglobulin Variable Region Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000017727 Immunoglobulin Variable Region Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010050904 Interferons Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000014150 Interferons Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000000589 Interleukin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002386 Interleukin-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000646 Interleukin-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004889 Interleukin-6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001005 Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090001007 Interleukin-8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004890 Interleukin-8 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150008942 J gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004201 L-cysteine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013878 L-cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002147 L01XE04 - Sunitinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005511 L01XE05 - Sorafenib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003798 L01XE11 - Pazopanib Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIARLYUEJFELEN-LROUJFHJSA-N LSM-1231 Chemical compound C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3C(=O)NCC3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1[C@]1(C)[C@](CO)(O)C[C@H]4O1 UIARLYUEJFELEN-LROUJFHJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLERVPBPJHKRBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N LY 117018 Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(OCCN3CCCC3)=CC=2)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2S1 JLERVPBPJHKRBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001491 Lentinan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000270322 Lepidosauria Species 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010000817 Leuprolide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lomustine Chemical compound ClCCN(N=O)C(=O)NC1CCCCC1 GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091054438 MHC class II family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000043131 MHC class II family Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000282567 Macaca fascicularis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710125418 Major capsid protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VJRAUFKOOPNFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Marcellomycin Natural products C12=C(O)C=3C(=O)C4=C(O)C=CC(O)=C4C(=O)C=3C=C2C(C(=O)OC)C(CC)(O)CC1OC(OC1C)CC(N(C)C)C1OC(OC1C)CC(O)C1OC1CC(O)C(O)C(C)O1 VJRAUFKOOPNFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100039373 Membrane cofactor protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- IVDYZAAPOLNZKG-KWHRADDSSA-N Mepitiostane Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@]2(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)C[C@H]5S[C@H]5C[C@@H]4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2CC1)C)C1(OC)CCCC1 IVDYZAAPOLNZKG-KWHRADDSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010027406 Mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VFKZTMPDYBFSTM-KVTDHHQDSA-N Mitobronitol Chemical compound BrC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CBr VFKZTMPDYBFSTM-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192392 Mitomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100328463 Mus musculus Cmya5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-RTRLPJTCSA-N N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-RTRLPJTCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100027347 Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCC[N+]([O-])(C)CCCl SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGTDRFCXGRULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nogalamycin Natural products COC1C(OC)(C)C(OC)C(C)OC1OC1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C4C5(C)OC(C(C(C5O)N(C)C)O)OC4=C3C3=O)=C3C=C2C(C(=O)OC)C(C)(O)C1 KGTDRFCXGRULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710141454 Nucleoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930187135 Olivomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 101000911993 Ovis aries CD59 glycoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012408 PCR amplification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010057150 Peplomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010030544 Peptidyl-Lys metalloendopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KMSKQZKKOZQFFG-HSUXVGOQSA-N Pirarubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H](N)C[C@@H](O[C@H]1C)O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1CCCCO1 KMSKQZKKOZQFFG-HSUXVGOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000021161 Plasma cell disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HFVNWDWLWUCIHC-GUPDPFMOSA-N Prednimustine Chemical compound O=C([C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]21C)COC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 HFVNWDWLWUCIHC-GUPDPFMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710083689 Probable capsid protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHHFEZNOXOZZQA-ZEBDFXRSSA-N Ranimustine Chemical compound CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CNC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AHHFEZNOXOZZQA-ZEBDFXRSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940127361 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102100029986 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710100969 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011869 Shapiro-Wilk test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020004682 Single-Stranded DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000519 Sizofiran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010041067 Small cell lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000692 Student's t-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017274 T cell anergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940123237 Taxane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CGMTUJFWROPELF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tenuazonic acid Natural products CCC(C)C1NC(=O)C(=C(C)/O)C1=O CGMTUJFWROPELF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003819 Toceranib Substances 0.000 description 1
- IWEQQRMGNVVKQW-OQKDUQJOSA-N Toremifene citrate Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C1=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=C1C(\C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(\CCCl)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWEQQRMGNVVKQW-OQKDUQJOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMILHIMHKXVDGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCCOCCOCCOCC1CO1 UMILHIMHKXVDGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150117115 V gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100323865 Xenopus laevis arg1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZYVSOIYQKUDENJ-ASUJBHBQSA-N [(2R,3R,4R,6R)-6-[[(6S,7S)-6-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-oxopentyl]-4,10-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-anthracen-2-yl]oxy]-4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate Chemical class COC([C@@H]1Cc2cc3cc(O[C@@H]4C[C@@H](O[C@@H]5C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@@H](C)O5)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](C)O4)c(C)c(O)c3c(O)c2C(=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@@H]2C[C@@H](O[C@H]3C[C@](C)(O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](C)O3)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O2)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1)C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O ZYVSOIYQKUDENJ-ASUJBHBQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPJCRMJCFSJKDE-ZWBUGVOYSA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] 2-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SPJCRMJCFSJKDE-ZWBUGVOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFJUINDAXYAPTO-UUBSBJJBSA-N [(8r,9s,13s,14s,17s)-17-[2-[4-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butanoyloxy]acetyl]oxy-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] benzoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](C2=CC=3)CC[C@]4([C@H]1CC[C@@H]4OC(=O)COC(=O)CCCC=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(CCCl)CCCl)C)CC2=CC=3OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IFJUINDAXYAPTO-UUBSBJJBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHGLINDYFMDHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-yl]-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(CCC1=CC=CC=C11)=C1C(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCCN1CCCC1 IHGLINDYFMDHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZSRRNFBEIOBDA-CFNBKWCHSA-N [2-[(2s,4s)-4-[(2r,4s,5s,6s)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,12-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1h-tetracen-2-yl]-2-oxoethyl] 2,2-diethoxyacetate Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@](CC2=C(O)C=3C(=O)C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4C(=O)C=3C(O)=C21)(O)C(=O)COC(=O)C(OCC)OCC)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 XZSRRNFBEIOBDA-CFNBKWCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010076089 accutase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZOZKYEHVNDEUCO-XUTVFYLZSA-N aceglatone Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H]2OC(=O)[C@@H](OC(=O)C)[C@@H]21 ZOZKYEHVNDEUCO-XUTVFYLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002684 aceglatone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930183665 actinomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013564 activation of immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037844 advanced solid tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001686 afatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ULXXDDBFHOBEHA-CWDCEQMOSA-N afatinib Chemical compound N1=CN=C2C=C(O[C@@H]3COCC3)C(NC(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C)=CC2=C1NC1=CC=C(F)C(Cl)=C1 ULXXDDBFHOBEHA-CWDCEQMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012867 alanine scanning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N all-trans-retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000473 altretamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003437 aminoglutethimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ROBVIMPUHSLWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoglutethimide Chemical compound C=1C=C(N)C=CC=1C1(CC)CCC(=O)NC1=O ROBVIMPUHSLWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002749 aminolevulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003896 aminopterin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001220 amsacrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XCPGHVQEEXUHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N amsacrine Chemical compound COC1=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=C1NC1=C(C=CC=C2)C2=NC2=CC=CC=C12 XCPGHVQEEXUHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBDAGFIXKZCXAH-CCXZUQQUSA-N ancitabine Chemical compound N=C1C=CN2[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3OC2=N1 BBDAGFIXKZCXAH-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000242 ancitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003098 androgen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030486 androgens Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004037 angiogenesis inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121369 angiogenesis inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002280 anti-androgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124650 anti-cancer therapies Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046836 anti-estrogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001833 anti-estrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001946 anti-microtubular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005809 anti-tumor immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000051 antiandrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030495 antiandrogen sex hormone and modulator of the genital system Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009175 antibody therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005904 anticancer immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009464 antigen specific memory response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000612 antigen-presenting cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013059 antihormonal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045686 antimetabolites antineoplastic purine analogs Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045687 antimetabolites folic acid analogs Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045688 antineoplastic antimetabolites pyrimidine analogues Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008209 arabinosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005784 autoimmunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- RITAVMQDGBJQJZ-FMIVXFBMSA-N axitinib Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C(\C=C\C=2N=CC=CC=2)=NN2)C2=C1 RITAVMQDGBJQJZ-FMIVXFBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002756 azacitidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011321 azaserine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001541 aziridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000997 bicalutamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003181 biological factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950008548 bisantrene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O bleomycin A2 Chemical class N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000008275 breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002092 busulfan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700002839 cactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950009908 cactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195731 calicheamicin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HXCHCVDVKSCDHU-LULTVBGHSA-N calicheamicin Chemical compound C1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](NCC)CO[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O[C@@H]2C\3=C(NC(=O)OC)C(=O)C[C@](C/3=C/CSSSC)(O)C#C\C=C/C#C2)O[C@H](C)[C@@H](NO[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@@H](SC(=O)C=3C(=C(OC)C(O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H](OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O4)O)=C(I)C=3C)OC)[C@@H](O)C2)[C@@H]1O HXCHCVDVKSCDHU-LULTVBGHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVFYLRMMHVYGJH-PVPPCFLZSA-N calusterone Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@](O)(C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]2[C@@H](C)CC3=CC(=O)CC[C@]3(C)[C@H]21 IVFYLRMMHVYGJH-PVPPCFLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009823 calusterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002619 cancer immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004117 capecitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002115 carboquone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930188550 carminomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XREUEWVEMYWFFA-CSKJXFQVSA-N carminomycin Chemical compound C1[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C1 XREUEWVEMYWFFA-CSKJXFQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XREUEWVEMYWFFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N carminomycin I Natural products C1C(N)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2CC(O)(C(C)=O)C1 XREUEWVEMYWFFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003261 carmofur Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005243 carmustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001725 carubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010047060 carzinophilin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002412 cediranib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000011712 cell development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006037 cell lysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005889 cellular cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000973 chemotherapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950008249 chlornaphazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001480 chlorozotocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000024203 complement activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010047295 complement receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006834 complement receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000004154 complement system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000139 costimulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002790 cross-validation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005564 crystal structure determination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001945 cysteines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000684 cytarabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002254 cytotoxic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000599 cytotoxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960003901 dacarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000640 dactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N daunorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(C)=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003066 decision tree Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012350 deep sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000022811 deglycosylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005052 demecolcine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000432 density-gradient centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003913 detorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BABWHSBPEIVBBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazete Chemical compound C1=CN=N1 BABWHSBPEIVBBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVYXNIXAMZOZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diaziquone Chemical compound O=C1C(NC(=O)OCC)=C(N2CC2)C(=O)C(NC(=O)OCC)=C1N1CC1 WVYXNIXAMZOZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002389 diaziquone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PQYUGUXEJHLOIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxysilyl triethyl silicate Chemical compound C(C)O[SiH](O[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)OCC PQYUGUXEJHLOIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005750 disease progression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003668 docetaxel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZWAOHEXOSAUJHY-ZIYNGMLESA-N doxifluridine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(F)=C1 ZWAOHEXOSAUJHY-ZIYNGMLESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005454 doxifluridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NOTIQUSPUUHHEH-UXOVVSIBSA-N dromostanolone propionate Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H](OC(=O)CC)[C@@]2(C)CC1 NOTIQUSPUUHHEH-UXOVVSIBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004683 drostanolone propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121647 egfr inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000549 elliptinium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950011487 enocitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003239 environmental mutagen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006862 enzymatic digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000052116 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700015053 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950002973 epitiostanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001433 erlotinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950002017 esorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ITSGNOIFAJAQHJ-BMFNZSJVSA-N esorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)C[C@H](C)O1 ITSGNOIFAJAQHJ-BMFNZSJVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001842 estramustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FRPJXPJMRWBBIH-RBRWEJTLSA-N estramustine Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)C(=O)OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 FRPJXPJMRWBBIH-RBRWEJTLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000328 estrogen antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSRLNKCNOLVZIR-KRWDZBQOSA-N ethyl (2s)-2-[[2-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]acetyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 QSRLNKCNOLVZIR-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005237 etoglucid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017188 evasion or tolerance of host immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000021045 exocrine pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940043168 fareston Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012894 fetal calf serum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000961 floxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N floxuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(F)=C1 ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002074 flutamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MKXKFYHWDHIYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N flutamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 MKXKFYHWDHIYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002224 folic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004783 fotemustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YAKWPXVTIGTRJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N fotemustine Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)C(C)NC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O YAKWPXVTIGTRJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012595 freezing medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005714 functional activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940044627 gamma-interferon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005277 gemcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N gemcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000025 genetic toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002913 goserelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003278 haem Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003394 haemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000011132 hemopoiesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000833 heterodimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUVWYPNAQBNQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylmelamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=NC(N(C)C)=NC(N(C)C)=N1 UUVWYPNAQBNQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002885 histidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005745 host immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099552 hyaluronan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-MNSSHETKSA-N hyaluronan Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H](C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-MNSSHETKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001330 hydroxycarbamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940044700 hylenex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940015872 ibandronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000908 idarubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011493 immune profiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124644 immune regulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006058 immune tolerance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124622 immune-modulator drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006054 immunological memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013394 immunophenotyping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DBIGHPPNXATHOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N improsulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCNCCCOS(C)(=O)=O DBIGHPPNXATHOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008097 improsulfan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079322 interferon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004891 lapatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001499 laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940115286 lentinan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GFIJNRVAKGFPGQ-LIJARHBVSA-N leuprolide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GFIJNRVAKGFPGQ-LIJARHBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004338 leuprorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002247 lomustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003538 lonidamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WDRYRZXSPDWGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lonidamine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=NN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl WDRYRZXSPDWGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005249 lung adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002934 lysing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007403 mPCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009115 maintenance therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026037 malignant tumor of neck Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MQXVYODZCMMZEM-ZYUZMQFOSA-N mannomustine Chemical compound ClCCNC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CNCCCl MQXVYODZCMMZEM-ZYUZMQFOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008612 mannomustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001515942 marmosets Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004961 mechlorethamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine Chemical compound ClCCN(C)CCCl HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001924 melphalan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N melphalan Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009246 mepitiostane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJRAUFKOOPNFIQ-TVEKBUMESA-N methyl (1r,2r,4s)-4-[(2r,4s,5s,6s)-5-[(2s,4s,5s,6s)-5-[(2s,4s,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-2,5,7,10-tetrahydroxy-6,11-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1h-tetracene-1-carboxylat Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O[C@H]1C)O[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O[C@H]1C)O[C@H]1C[C@]([C@@H](C2=CC=3C(=O)C4=C(O)C=CC(O)=C4C(=O)C=3C(O)=C21)C(=O)OC)(O)CC)N(C)C)[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 VJRAUFKOOPNFIQ-TVEKBUMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNSFSBZBAHARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N micophenolic acid Natural products OC1=C(CC=C(C)CCC(O)=O)C(OC)=C(C)C2=C1C(=O)OC2 HPNSFSBZBAHARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000782 microtubule inhibitor Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005485 mitobronitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VFKZTMPDYBFSTM-GUCUJZIJSA-N mitolactol Chemical compound BrC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CBr VFKZTMPDYBFSTM-GUCUJZIJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010913 mitolactol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000350 mitotane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001565 modulated differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- FOYWNSCCNCUEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N mopidamol Chemical compound C12=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=C2N=C(N(CCO)CCO)N=C1N1CCCCC1 FOYWNSCCNCUEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010718 mopidamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000299 mutagenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007886 mutagenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000951 mycophenolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N mycophenolic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(C\C=C(/C)CCC(O)=O)C(OC)=C(C)C2=C1C(=O)OC2 HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJSMWLQOCQIOPE-OCHFTUDZSA-N n-[(e)-[10-[(e)-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]anthracen-9-yl]methylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-amine Chemical compound N1CCN=C1N\N=C\C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1\C=N\NC1=NCCN1 NJSMWLQOCQIOPE-OCHFTUDZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBWFXVZLPYTWQI-IPOVEDGCSA-N n-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-[(z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1h-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1h-pyrrole-3-carboxamide;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(\C=C/2C3=CC(F)=CC=C3NC\2=O)=C1C LBWFXVZLPYTWQI-IPOVEDGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-[[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NC=2N=CN=C(NC=3C=C(NC(=O)C4CC4)C=CC=3)C=2)=C1 YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004296 naive t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940086322 navelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000025020 negative regulation of T cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017066 negative regulation of growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- QZGIWPZCWHMVQL-UIYAJPBUSA-N neocarzinostatin chromophore Chemical compound O1[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C/2=C/C#C[C@H]3O[C@@]3([C@@H]3OC(=O)OC3)C#CC\2=C[C@H]1OC(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC2=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C12 QZGIWPZCWHMVQL-UIYAJPBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008835 neratinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZNHPZUKZSNBOSQ-BQYQJAHWSA-N neratinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(NC\C=C\CN(C)C)C(OCC)=CC2=NC=C(C#N)C=1NC(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=N1 ZNHPZUKZSNBOSQ-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004235 neutropenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940080607 nexavar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007481 next generation sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002653 nilutamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XWXYUMMDTVBTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nilutamide Chemical compound O=C1C(C)(C)NC(=O)N1C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 XWXYUMMDTVBTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001420 nimustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VFEDRRNHLBGPNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nimustine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CNC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O)C(N)=N1 VFEDRRNHLBGPNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMVWGSQGCWCDGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitracrine Chemical compound C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C(NCCCN(C)C)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=NC2=C1 YMVWGSQGCWCDGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008607 nitracrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003753 nitric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019391 nitrogen oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009266 nogalamycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KGTDRFCXGRULNK-JYOBTZKQSA-N nogalamycin Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@](OC)(C)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C4[C@@]5(C)O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]5O)N(C)C)O)OC4=C3C3=O)=C3C=C2[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@](C)(O)C1 KGTDRFCXGRULNK-JYOBTZKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004305 normal phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZDBNBLGZNWKMC-MWQNXGTOSA-N olivomycin Chemical class O([C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@H](C)[C@@H]1O)OC=1C=C2C=C3C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C(O)C=1)O[C@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C2)C1)[C@H](OC)C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](C)O1 CZDBNBLGZNWKMC-MWQNXGTOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003101 oviduct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000242 pagocytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000002094 pancreatic adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001769 parametric statistical test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000639 pazopanib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CUIHSIWYWATEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pazopanib Chemical compound C1=CC2=C(C)N(C)N=C2C=C1N(C)C(N=1)=CC=NC=1NC1=CC=C(C)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 CUIHSIWYWATEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002340 pentostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N pentostatin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(N=CNC[C@H]2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIMGFXOHTOXMQP-GFAGFCTOSA-N peplomycin Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCCN[C@@H](C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C QIMGFXOHTOXMQP-GFAGFCTOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003180 peplomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012510 peptide mapping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008823 permeabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002087 pertuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001539 phagocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003285 pharmacodynamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000952 pipobroman Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NJBFOOCLYDNZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pipobroman Chemical compound BrCCC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCBr)CC1 NJBFOOCLYDNZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUKCGLDCWQXYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N piposulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCOS(C)(=O)=O)CC1 NUKCGLDCWQXYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001100 piposulfan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001221 pirarubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010149 post-hoc-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004694 prednimustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N procarbazine Chemical compound CNNCC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(C)C)C=C1 CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000624 procarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WOLQREOUPKZMEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteroyltriglutamic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)NC(CCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 WOLQREOUPKZMEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950010131 puromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003127 radioimmunoassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002185 ranimustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BMKDZUISNHGIBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N razoxane Chemical compound C1C(=O)NC(=O)CN1C(C)CN1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1 BMKDZUISNHGIBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000460 razoxane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008598 receptor tyrosine kinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000027426 receptor tyrosine kinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004836 regorafenib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FNHKPVJBJVTLMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N regorafenib Chemical compound C1=NC(C(=O)NC)=CC(OC=2C=C(F)C(NC(=O)NC=3C=C(C(Cl)=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)=C1 FNHKPVJBJVTLMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229950004892 rodorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VHXNKPBCCMUMSW-FQEVSTJZSA-N rubitecan Chemical compound C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VHXNKPBCCMUMSW-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005212 secondary lymphoid organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009450 sialylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009097 single-agent therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950001403 sizofiran Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004055 small Interfering RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037439 somatic mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950006315 spirogermanium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940034785 sutent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012353 t test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001603 tamoxifen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N taxane Chemical class C([C@]1(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C1)C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]1C2(C)C DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCINICONZNJXQF-XAZOAEDWSA-N taxol® Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(CC(C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3(C21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-XAZOAEDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063683 taxotere Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005353 testolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BPEWUONYVDABNZ-DZBHQSCQSA-N testolactone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(OC(=O)CC4)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 BPEWUONYVDABNZ-DZBHQSCQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001541 thymus gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- YFTWHEBLORWGNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiamiprine Chemical compound CN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1SC1=NC(N)=NC2=C1NC=N2 YFTWHEBLORWGNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011457 tiamiprine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009258 tissue cross reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005048 toceranib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005026 toremifene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N toremifene Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=C1C(\C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(\CCCl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950007217 tremelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001353 tretamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUCJMVBFZDHPDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tretamine Chemical compound C1CN1C1=NC(N2CC2)=NC(N2CC2)=N1 IUCJMVBFZDHPDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001670 trilostane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KVJXBPDAXMEYOA-CXANFOAXSA-N trilostane Chemical compound OC1=C(C#N)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC[C@@]32O[C@@H]31 KVJXBPDAXMEYOA-CXANFOAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOYPYLRCIDNJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimetrexate Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(NCC=2C(=C3C(N)=NC(N)=NC3=CC=2)C)=C1 NOYPYLRCIDNJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001099 trimetrexate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000212 trioxifene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000875 trofosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UMKFEPPTGMDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trofosfamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl UMKFEPPTGMDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDZZVAMISRMYHH-LITAXDCLSA-N tubercidin Chemical compound C1=CC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HDZZVAMISRMYHH-LITAXDCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004565 tumor cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005909 tumor killing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121358 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005483 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009811 ubenimex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001515965 unidentified phage Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001055 uracil mustard Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004355 vindesine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N vindesine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(N)=O)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1N=C1[C]2C=CC=C1 UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-IELIFDKJSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-IELIFDKJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N vinorelbine ditartrate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036642 wellbeing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940053867 xeloda Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009268 zinostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000641 zorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FBTUMDXHSRTGRV-ALTNURHMSA-N zorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(\C)=N\NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 FBTUMDXHSRTGRV-ALTNURHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2896—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against molecules with a "CD"-designation, not provided for elsewhere
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/39558—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against tumor tissues, cells, antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2818—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD28 or CD152
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/40—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
- A61K2039/507—Comprising a combination of two or more separate antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/545—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/31—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency multispecific
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
- C07K2317/732—Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods of immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind CD38.
- the immune system is tightly controlled by a network of costimulatory and co- inhibitory ligands and receptors. These molecules provide secondaiy signals for T cell activation and provide a balanced network of positive and negative signals to maximize immune responses against infection and tumors, while limiting immunity to self (Wang et al, (Epub Mar. 7, 201 ⁇ ) JExp Med 208(3):577-92; Lepenies et al , (2008) Endocr Metah Immune Disord Drug Targets 8:279-288).
- YERVOY J ipilimurnab
- KEYTRUDA* pembrolizumab
- OPDIVO* 1 nivolumab
- NK natural killer cells
- DC dendritic cells
- effector T cells are capable of driving potent anti -tumor responses
- tumor cells often induce an
- immunosuppressive microenvironment favoring the development of immunosuppressive populations of immune cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T-cells (Treg) or regulatory B-ceils (Breg), which contribute to tumor immune tolerance and the failure of immunotherapy regimens in cancer patients and experimental tumor models.
- immune cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T-cells (Treg) or regulatory B-ceils (Breg), which contribute to tumor immune tolerance and the failure of immunotherapy regimens in cancer patients and experimental tumor models.
- MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- Treg regulatory T-cells
- Breg regulatory B-ceils
- the invention provides a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- the invention also provides a method for treating a patient having a regulator ' T- cell (Treg) mediated disease comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effecti ve amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- Treg regulator ' T- cell
- the invention also provides a method for treating a patient having a myeloid- derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mediated disease comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- MDSC myeloid- derived suppressor cell
- the invention also provides a method for treating a patient having a regulatory B ⁇ cell (Breg) mediated disease comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- a regulatory B ⁇ cell (Breg) mediated disease comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- the invention also provides a method of suppressing activity of a regulatory T-ceil (Treg), comprising contacting the Treg with an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- Treg regulatory T-ceil
- the invention also provides method of suppressing activity of a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), comprising contacting the MDSC with an antibody that
- CDS 8 specifically binds CDS 8.
- the invention also provides a method of suppressing activity of a regulatory B- cell (Breg), comprising contacting the Breg with an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- a regulatory B- cell comprising contacting the Breg with an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- the invention also provides a method of enhancing an immune response in a patient, comprising administering to the patient an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- the invention also provides a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor comprising reducing the number of Tregs cells in the patient by administering to the patient an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- the invention also provides a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising reducing the number of myeloid-deri ved suppressor cells (MDSC) in the patient by administering to the patient an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- MDSC myeloid-deri ved suppressor cells
- the invention also provides a method of of suppressing activity of an immune suppressor cell, comprising contacting the immune suppressing cell with an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- the invention also provides a method of treating a patient having a viral infection, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- Figure 1 shows that the median number of lymphocytes was increased in patients responding to DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) treatment at 8 mg kg (upper line) or 16 ltig/kg (Sower line) doses over time, and that the lymphocyte numbers returned to baseline after end of treatment.
- X-axis indicates time expressed as treatment cycle and days of dosing within each treatment cycle (C lDl : cycle I, day 1: C1D4; cycle 1, day 4, etc).
- SCR baseline; EOT: end of treatment; WK: week; POST-WK: post-treatment at indicated weeks; post-PD FU: follow-up after progression.
- the highlighted areas in gray shades indicate the 25-27% Interquartile Range (IQR) for the data points for each visit for responders.
- IQR Interquartile Range
- Figure 2 shows the percent (%) change of absolute counts of CDS " T cells to baseline in peripheral blood in patients treated with DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) for each individual patient (light gray lines).
- the X-axis indicates time expressed as treatment cycle and days of dosing within each treatment cycle (ClDl : cycle 1, day 1; C1D4; cycle 1, day 4, etc).
- WK week; POST-WK: post-treatment at indicated weeks;
- POST-PD FU follow-up after progression.
- the black line shows the median % change for all patients.
- Figure 3 shows the percent (%) change of absolute counts of CD4 + T cells to baseline in peripheral blood in patients treated with DARZALEX [M (daratumumab) for each individual patient (light gray lines).
- the X-axis indicates time expressed as treatment cycle and days of dosing within each treatment cycle (Cl Dl : cycle 1, day 1 ; CID4; cycle 1 , day 4, etc).
- the black line shows the median % change for ail patients.
- Figure 4 shows the percent (%) change of absolute counts of CD8 + T cells to baseline in peripheral blood in patients treated with DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) for each individual patient (light gray lines).
- the X-axis indicates time expressed as ireatmeni cycle and days of dosing within each treatment cycle (ClDl : cycle 1, day 1; C 1D4; cycle 1, day 4, etc).
- WK week; Pre-PD FU: follow-up before progression; Post-PD FU: follow-up after progression.
- the black line shows the median % change for all patients.
- Figure 5 shows that the number of CD45XD3 + cells (measured as percentage of
- lymphocytes in bone marrow aspirates was increased during DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment ove time at doses 8 mg/kg or 16 mg/kg.
- the graph includes both responders and non-responders as indicated.
- the X-axis indicates time expressed as treatment cycle and days of dosing within each treatment cycle (C2D22: cycle 2, day 22; etc).
- the highlighted areas in gray shade indicate the 25-27% Interquartile Range (IQR) for the data points for each visit for the non-responders dosed at 8 mg/kg, the responders dosed at 16 mg/kg, or the non -responders dosed at 16 mg/kg, respectively.
- NR no-responder
- R responder.
- Figure 6 shows that the number of CD45 r CD3 + CD8 1 cells (measured as percentage of lymphocytes) in bone marrow aspirates was increased during DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment over time at doses 8 mg/kg or 16 mg/kg.
- the graph includes both responders and non-responders as indicated.
- the X-axis indicates time expressed as treatment cycle and days of dosing within each treatment cycle (C2D22: cycle 2, day 22; etc).
- SCR baseline; Post-PD FU 1 : follow-up after progression.
- the highlighted areas in gray shade indicate the 25-27% Interquartile Range (IQR) for the data points for each visit for the non-responders dosed at 8 mg/kg, the responders dosed at 16 mg/kg, or the non-responders dosed at 16 mg/kg, respectively.
- IQR Interquartile Range
- Figure 7 A shows that the ratio of CD87 Treg and CD87CD4 + cells in peripheral blood expressed as median values of all treated patients increased over time during DARZALEX 1 * 1 (daratumumab) treatment.
- SRC baseline.
- Figure 7B shows that the ratio of CD87Treg cells in bone marrow aspirates expressed as median values of all treated patients increased over time during DARZALEX lM
- Figure 8A shows that responders had increased CD8 + T-cell cionality when compared to non-responders, as measured using % change in abundance (CIA) of particular clonal cells.
- Figure 8B shows the fold change in CD8 + T-cell cionality in individual patients pre- vs. post DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment. Responders are indicated with the star. Cionality was measured as fold change in abundance (CIA) of particular clonal cells. Study: GEN501 17 patient subset.
- Figure 8C shows that responders (Group A) had greater total expansion in the TCR repertoire, measured using CIA (change in abundance) when compared to non-responders (Group B). P 0.037. Study: GEN501 17 patient subset.
- Figure 8E shows the maximum CIA of a single T-cell clone in responders (Group A) and non-responders (Group B). Study : GEN501 17 patient subset.
- Figure 8F shows that responders (Group A) had greater maximum expansion of a single clone, measured using maximum % CIA, when compared to non -responders (Group B). P 0.0477. Study: GEN501 17 patient subset.
- Figure 9A shows the percentage (%) of CD8 + naive ceils in peripheral blood in non- responders (NR, black squares) and in patients having at least minimal response (MR, white squares) to DARZALEX IM (daratumumab) at baseline, or at 2 weeks, 4 weeks or 8 weeks of treatment, or after relapse.
- Study: GEN501 17 patient subset. **p 1.82 x 10 "4 .
- Figure 9B shows the percentage of CD8 + central memory cells (Tern) in peripheral blood in non-responders (NR, black squares) and in patients having at least minimal response (MR, white squares) to DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) at baseline, or at 2 weeks, 4 weeks or 8 weeks of treatment, or after relapse.
- Study: GENS 01 17 patient subset. *p .88xl0 ⁇ .
- Figure 9C shows the percentage increase of HLA Class I restricted CD3 ⁇ 4"r T cells in peripheral blood at baseline, or at week 1 , 4 or 8 of treatment, or after relapse.
- Figure 9D shows that CDS 8 is expressed at low levels in CD8 + naive T cells and in CD8 " central memory cells (Tern) in peripheral, blood at bassline or on treatment.
- Figure 10A shows a histogram of FACS analyses showing frequency of Tregs (CD3 T CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + CD127 d,tn (top histogram, P4 cell population) and the frequency of CD38 Tregs within the ' Treg population (bottom histogram, P5 cell population) in multiple myeloma patients at baseline.
- Study: GEN501 17 patient subset- Figure 10B shows a histogram of FACS analyses showing frequency of Tregs (CD3 " CD3 " CD4 4" CD25 "t CD127 dim (top histogram, P4 cell population) and the frequency of CD38 " Tregs within the Treg population (bottom histogram, P5 cell population) in multiple myeloma patients after DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment. DARZALE lM (daratumumab) treatment depleted CD38 " Tregs. Study: GEN501 17 patient subset.
- Figure IOC shows that frequency of the CD38 M h CD3 ⁇ CD4 i CD25 + CD127 dils Tregs in patients treated with DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) at baseline, or at 1 week, 4 week, 8weeks, after relapse or at end of treatment at 6 months (EOT), CD38 tasa Treg frequency was reduced with DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment and returned to baseline at EOT.
- Figure 10D shows the CD87Treg cell ratio in responders and non-responders at baseline, at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment.
- Figure 10E shows that effector cell proliferation is inhibited more efficiently in the presence of CD38 r Tregs when compared to the CD38 ⁇ Tregs or negative controls. Error bars represent standard error. Asterisks denote significant changes. Samples were obtained from multiple healthy donors. Cell proliferation was assessed through the dilution of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE).
- CFSE carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- FIG 11 shows that Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are present in multiple myeloma patients (top graph, boxed cells) and that about half of the cells expressed CD38 (middle graph, boxed cells).
- the CD38high MDSC population was depleted in patients treated with one infusion of DARZALEX iM (daratumumab) (bottom graph, boxed cells).
- Figure 12 shows that the number of CD38high MDSCs (CD1 1 b + HLADR " CD 14 "
- CD33 + CD15 + was reduced in patients after 1 week, 4 week or 8 week treatment with DARZALEX J M (daratumumab) when compared to the baseline, and returned to close to baseline after end of treatment (EOT). Relapsed patients still demonstrated reduced CD38high MDSCs.
- the vertical lines indicate the median values in each group.
- Patients 2, 4, 15, 16 and 17 demonstrated high initial CD38high MDSCs population. Study: GEN501 17 patient subset.
- Figure 13 shows that the patients with highest CD38high MDSCs (patients 2, 4, 15, 16 and 17) had the highest Progression-Free Survival (PFS). These patients had either partial Response (PR) or Minimal Response (MR) to DARZALEX [M (daratumumab) treatment. SD : Stable Disease; PD : Progressive Disease. X-axis shows the PFS for each individual numbered patient.
- PR partial Response
- MR Minimal Response
- SD Stable Disease
- PD Progressive Disease
- X-axis shows the PFS for each individual numbered patient.
- Figure 14 shows that MDSC are sensitive to DARZALEX lM (daratumumab)-induced ADCC. Daudi ceils were used as positive control for target ceils in the assays. % cell lysis was measured.
- Figure ISA shows that CD38 + Bregs were depleted in patients treated with DARZALEX 1M (daratumumab) at Week 1, Week 4 and Week 8 of treatment.
- Figure 15B shows that CD38 + Bregs secrete lL-10 upon stimulation.
- Figure 16A shows the anti-viral response measured through CMV, EBV and influenza virus specific (CEF) IFN-y production in PBMCs from DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treated patient with VGPR at baseline and at indicated times during treatment.
- OD optical density.
- White bar negative control; black bar: CEF added; dashed bar: allogeneic PBMCs only.
- Asterix indicates a statistically significant change.
- Pre 4, 8, 10 Week 4, 8 or 10 of treatment.
- Figure 16B shows the anti-viral response measured through CMV, EBV and influenza virus specific (CEF) IFN- ⁇ production in PBMCs from DA ZALEX lM (daratumumab) treated patient with CR at baseline and at indicated times during treatment.
- OD optical density.
- White bar negative control; black bar: CEF added; dashed bar: allogeneic PBMCs only, Asterix indicates a statistically significant change.
- Pre 4, 8, 10 Week 4, 8 or 10 of treatment.
- Figure 16C shows the anti-viral response measured through CMV, EBV and influenza virus specific (CEF) IFN- ⁇ production in PBMCs from DA ZALEX lM (daratumumab) treated patient with PD at baseline and at indicated times during treatment.
- OD optical density.
- White bar negative control; black bar: CEF added; dashed bar: allogeneic PBMCs only, Ns: not significant.
- Figure 16D shows the anti-viral response measured through CMV, EBV and influenza virus specific (CEF) IFN- ⁇ production in PBMCs from DA ZALEX lM (daratumumab) treated patient with MR at baseline and at indicated times during treatment.
- OD optical density.
- White bar negative control; black bar: CEF added; dashed bar: allogeneic PBMCs only. Ns: not significant.
- Figure 16E shows the percentage (%) of proliferating virus-reactive T ceils in PBMCs from
- DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) treated patient with VGPR at baseline and at indicated times during treatment.
- White bar negative control; black bar: CEF added.
- Asterix indicates a statistically significant change.
- Pre 4, 8, 10 Week 4, 8 or 10 of treatment.
- Figure 16F shows the percentage (%) of proliferating virus-reactive T cells in PBMCs from
- DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) treated patient with CR at baseline and at indicated times during treatment.
- White bar negative control; black bar: CEF added.
- Asterix indicates a statistically significant change.
- Pre 4, 8, 10 : : Week 4, 8 or 10 of treatment.
- Figure 17A shows a histogram of FACS analyses showing CD38 expression levels on natural killer cells (NK), monocytes, B cells and T cells from a healthy donor.
- NK natural killer cells
- Figure 17B shows a histogram of FACS analyses showing CD38 expression levels on plasma cells, natural killer ceils (NK), monocytes, B cells and T cells from a multiple myeloma patient.
- NK natural killer ceils
- Figure 17C shows a comparison of the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD38 in CD38+ Tregs, Bregs, NK, B cells and T cells from relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients, CD38 was expressed at lower level in B cells and T cells when compared to the CD38+Tregs, Bregs and NK cells.
- MFI mean fluorescent intensity
- Figure 18 shows that PD-L1 protein is downregulated in PBMC samples from responders (R) and upregulated in non-responders (NR.) over time.
- SD stable disease.
- C1D1 cycle 1 day 1 ; C3D1, cycle 3, day 1.
- Y axis shows the log2 protein concentration values.
- timing for example, reference to “a cell” includes a combination of two or more cells, and the like .
- CD38 refers to the human CD38 protein (synonyms: ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1, cADPr hydrolase 1 , cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1).
- Human CD38 has an amino acid sequence shown in GenBank accession number NP 001766 and in SEQ ID NO: 1. It is well known that CD38 is a single pass type II membrane protein with amino acid residues 1-21 representing the cytosolic domain, amino acid residues 22-42 representing the transmembrane domain, and residues 43-300 representing the extracellular domain of CD38.
- Antibodies as used herein is meant in a broad sense and includes
- immunoglobulin molecules including monoclonal antibodies including murine, human, humanized and chimeric monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, hispecific or rnultispecific antibodies, dimeric, tetrameric or multimeric antibodies, single chain antibodies, domain antibodies and any other modified configuration of the
- immunoglobulin molecule that comprises an antigen binding site of the required
- Immunoglobulins may be assigned to five major classes, namely IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM, depending on the heavy chain constant domain amino acid sequence.
- IgA and IgG are further sub-classified as the isotypes TgA l, IgA2, TgGl, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4.
- Antibody light chains of any vertebrate species can be assigned to one of two clearly distinct types, namely kappa ( ⁇ ) and lambda ( ⁇ ), based on the amino acid sequences of their constant domains.
- Antibody fragments refers to a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule that retains the heavy chain and/or the light chain antigen binding site, such as heavy chain complementarity determining regions (HCDR) 1, 2 and 3, light chain complementarity determining regions (LCDR) 1, 2 and 3, a heavy chain variable region (VH), or a light chain variable region (VL).
- HCDR heavy chain complementarity determining regions
- LCDR light chain complementarity determining regions
- VH heavy chain variable region
- VL light chain variable region
- Antibody fragments include a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and CHI domains; a F(ab) 2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; a Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CHI domains; a Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single ann of an antibody; a domain antibody (dAb) fragment (Ward et a!., Nature 341:544- 6, 1989), which consists of a VH domain.
- dAb domain antibody
- VH and VL domains may be engineered and linked together via a synthetic linker to form various types of single chain antibody designs in which the VH/VL domains pair intramolecularly, or intennolecularly in those cases when the VH and VL domains are expressed by separate single chain antibody constructs, to form a monovalent antigen binding site, such as single chain Fv (scFv) or diabody; described for example in Intl. Pat. Publ. Nos.
- scFv single chain Fv
- diabody described for example in Intl. Pat. Publ. Nos.
- Isolated antibody refers to an antibody or antibody fragment that is substantially free of other antibodies having different antigenic specificities (e.g., an isolated antibody specifically binding CD38 is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than human CD38).
- An isolated antibody that specifically binds CD38 may have cross-reactivity to other antigens, such as orthologues of human CD38, such as Macaco, fascicidaris (cynomolgus) CD38.
- the bispecific antibody specifically binds two antigens of interest, and is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other that the two antigens of interest.
- an isolated antibody may be substantially free of other cellular material and/or chemicals.
- Isolated antibody encompasses antibodies that are isolated to a higher purity, such as antibodies that are 80%, 81 %, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% pure.
- Specific binding or “specifically binds” or “binds” refers to an antibody binding to an antigen or an epitope within the antigen with greater affinity than for other antigens.
- the antibody binds to the antigen or the epitope within the antigen with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K D ) of about IxlO "8 M or less, for example about IxlO "9 M or less, about 1x10 "10 M or less, about lxl 0 " S 1 M or less, or about IxlO "12 M or less, typically with the K D that is at least one hundred fold less than its K D for binding to a nonspecific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein).
- K D equilibrium dissociation constant
- the dissociation constant may be measured using standard procedures.
- Antibodies that specifically bind to the antigen or the epitope within the antigen may, however, have cross-reactivity to other related antigens, for example to the same antigen from other species (homologs), such as human or monkey, for example Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus, cyno), Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee, chimp) or Calhthrix jacchus (common marmoset, marmoset). While a monospecific antibody specifically binds one antigen or one epitope, a bispecific antibody specifically binds two distinct antigens or two distinct epitopes.
- homologs such as human or monkey, for example Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus, cyno), Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee, chimp) or Calhthrix jacchus (common marmoset, marmoset). While a monospecific antibody specifically binds one antigen or one epitope
- An antibody variable region consists of a "framework" region interrupted by three "antigen binding sites".
- the antigen binding sites are defined using various terms:
- Complementarity Determining Regions three in the VH (HCDR1 , HCDR2, HCDR3) and three in the VL (LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3) are based on sequence variability (Wu and Kabat (1970) J Exp Med 132:211-50: Kabat et a! Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed.
- Hypervanable regions three in the VH (HI , H2, H3) and three in the VL (L I, L2, L3) refer to the regions of antibody variable domains which are hypervariable in structure as defined by Chothia and Lesk (Chothia and Lesk (1987) A:io/ /3 ⁇ 4o/ 196:901-17).
- Other terms include “IMGT-CDRs” (Lefranc et al, (2003) Dev Comparat Immunol 27:55-77) and “Specificity Determining Residue Usage” (SDRU) (Almagro (2004) Mo I Recognit 17: 132-43).
- IMGT International ImMunoGeneTics
- Chothia residues as used herein are the antibody VL and VH residues numbered according to Al-Lazikani (AI-Lazikani et al, ( 1997) JMol Biol 273:927-48).
- Framework or “framework sequences” are the remaining sequences of a variable region other than those defined to be antigen binding sites. Because the antigen binding sites can be defined by various terms as described above, the exact amino acid sequence of a framework depends on how the antigen-binding site was defined.
- Humanized antibody refers to an antibody in which the antigen binding sites are derived from non-human species and the variable region frameworks are derived from human immunoglobulin sequences. Humanized antibodies may include substitutions in the framework regions so that the framework may not be an exact copy of expressed human immunoglobulin or germline gene sequences.
- ''Human antibody refers to an antibody having heavy and light chain variable regions in which both the framework and the antigen binding sites are derived from sequences of human origin. If the antibody contains a constant region, the constant region also is derived from sequences of human origin.
- a human antibody comprises heavy or light chain variable regions that are "derived from” sequences of human origin wherein the variable regions of the antibody are obtained from a system that uses human germline immunoglobulin or rearranged immunoglobulin genes.
- Such systems include human immunoglobulin gene libraries displayed on phage, and transgenic non-human animals such as mice carrying human immunoglobulin loci.
- a "human antibody” may contain amino acid differences when compared to the human gennline immunoglobulin or rearranged immunoglobulin genes due to for example naturally occurring somatic mutations or intentional introduction of substitutions in the framework or antigen binding site, or both.
- human antibody is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical in ammo acid sequence to an amino acid sequence encoded by human gennline immunoglobulin or rearranged immunoglobulin genes.
- human antibody may contain consensus framework sequences derived from human framework sequence analyses, for example as described in Knappik et at, (2000) JMol Biol 296:57-86, or synthetic HCDR3 incorporated into human immunoglobulin gene libraries displayed on phage, for example as described in Shi et ai, (2010) JMol Biol 397:385-96, and Intl. Pat. Publ. No.
- Human antibodies derived from, human immunoglobulin sequences may be generated using systems such as phage display incorporating synthetic CDRs and/or synthetic frameworks, or can be subjected to in vitro mutagenesis to improve antibody properties, resulting in antibodies that do not naturally exist within the human antibody gennline repertoire in vivo.
- Antibodies in which antigen binding sites are derived from a non-human species are not included in the definition of human antibody.
- “Recombinant antibody” includes all antibodies that are prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means, such as antibodies isolated from an animal, for example a mouse or a rat that is transgenic or transchromosomai for human
- immunoglobulin genes or a hybridoma prepared therefrom (described further below), antibodies isolated from a host cell transformed to express the antibody, antibodies isolated from a recombinant, combinatorial antibody library, and antibodies prepared, expressed, created or isolated by any other means that involve splicing of human immunoglobulin gene sequences to other DNA sequences, or antibodies that are generated in vitro using Fab arm exchange such as bispecific antibodies.
- “Monoclonal antibody” refers to a preparation of antibody molecules of single molecular composition.
- a monoclonal antibody composition displays a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope, or in a case of a bispecific monoclonal antibody, a dual binding specificity to two distinct epitopes.
- “Monoclonal antibody” therefore refers to an antibody population with single amino acid composition in each heavy and each light chain, except for possible well known alterations such as removal of Oterminai lysine from the antibody heavy chain.
- Monoclonal antibodies may have heterogeneous glycosylation within the antibody population.
- Monoclonal antibody may be monospecific or multispecific, or monovalent, bivalent or multivalent. A bispecific antibody is included in the term monoclonal antibody.
- Epitope means a portion of an antigen to which an antibody specifically binds.
- Epitopes usually consist of chemically active (such as polar, non-polar or hydrophobic) surface groupings of moieties such as amino acids or polysaccharide side chains and may- have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics.
- An epitope may be composed of contiguous and/or noncontiguous amino acids that form a conformational spatial unit. For a noncontiguous epitope, amino acids from differing portions of the linear sequence of the antigen come in close proximity in 3- dimensional space through the folding of the protein molecule.
- V ariant refers to a polypeptide or a polynucleotide that differs from a reference polypeptide or a reference polynucleotide by one or more modifications for example, substitutions, insertions or deletions.
- “In combination with” means that two or more therapeutics are administered to a subject together in a mixture, concurrently as single agents or sequentially as single agents in any order. In general, each agent will be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that agent.
- “Treat” or “treatment” refers to therapeutic treatment wherein the object is to slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change or disease, such as the development or spread of tumor or tumor ceils, or to provide a beneficial or desired clinical outcome during treatment.
- Beneficial or desired clinical outcomes include alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, lack of metastasis, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable.
- 'Treatment may also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if a subject was not receiving treatment.
- Those in need of treatment include those subjects already with the undesired physiological change or disease as well as those subjects prone to have the physiological change or disease.
- “Therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve a desired therapeutic result.
- a therapeutically effective amount may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of a therapeutic or a combination of therapeutics to elicit a desired response in the individual.
- Exemplar ⁇ ' indicators of an effective therapeutic or combination of therapeutics include, for example, improved well-being of the patient, reduction in a tumor burden, arrested or slowed growth of a tumor, and/or absence of metastasis of cancer ceils to other locations in the body.
- “Inhibits growth” refers to a measurable decrease or delay in the tumor cell growth or tumor tissue in. vitro or in vivo when contacted with a therapeutic or a combination of therapeutics or drugs, when compared to the decrease or delay in the growth of the same tumor ceils or tumor tissue in the absence of the therapeutic or the combination of therapeutic drags. Inhibition of growth of a tumor cell or tumor tissue in vitro or in vivo may be at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99%, or 100%.
- Tregs refers to T lymphocytes that regulates the activity of other T cell(s) and/or other immune cells, usually by suppressing their activity.
- the Tregs may be CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + CD127 dim T cells, it is appreciated that the Tregs may not be fully restricted to this phenotype, and may express Foxp3.
- Effective T cells or "Teffs” or “Teff ' refers to T lymphocytes that cany out a function of an immune response, such as killing tumor cells and/or activating an antitumor immune-response which can result in clearance of the tumor cells from the body.
- the Teffs may be CD3 + with CD4 T or CD8 + .
- the Teffs may secrete, contain or express markers such as IFN-y, granzyme B and ICOS. It is appreciated that the Teffs may not he fully restricted to these phenotypes.
- Treg function refers to a suppressive function of the Tregs that relates to regulation of host immune responses and/or prevention of autoimmunity.
- Function of Tregs may be suppression of an anti-tumor response elicted by CD8 + T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, M0 cells, B cells, or dendritic cells (DCs), or suppression of proliferation of effector T cells.
- 'Inhibit function of Tregs or “inhibit Treg function” refers to decreasing the level of function of Tregs in vitro or in vivo in an animal or human subject, which may be determined by conventional techniques known in the art.
- the level of the function of Tregs may be decreased by, for example, at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100%.
- “Inhibit function of Tregs” include reducing the number of Tregs, for example by killing the Tregs via antibody effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
- ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells or “MDSCs” or “MDSC” refers to a specialized population of cells that are of the hematopoietic lineage and express the macrophage/monocyte marker CD1 lb and the granulocyte marker Gr ⁇ l/Ly ⁇ 6G.
- Phenotype of the MDSCs may be for example CD1 lb + HLA-DR " CD14 " CD33 + CD 15 + .
- the MDSCs express low or undetectable expression of the mature antigen presenting cell markers MHC Class II and F480.
- the MDSCs are immature cells of the myeloid lineage and may further differentiate into several cell types, including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes or granulocytes.
- the MDSCs may be found naturally in normal adult bone marrow of human and animals or in sites of normal hematopoiesis, such as the spleen.
- Inhibit function of MDSCs or “inhibit MDSC function” refers to decreasing the level of function of MDSCs in vitro or in vivo in an animal or human subject, which may be determined by conventional techniques known in the art.
- the level of the function of MDSC may be decreased by, for example, at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100%.
- “Inhibit function of MDSC” include reducing the number of MDSC, for example by killing the MDSC via antibody effector functions, such as ADCC.
- the MDSCs may suppress T cell responses such as proliferation, clonal expansion or cytokine production by various mechanisms such as production of reactive oxygen species, peroxynitrites, increased arginase metabolism due to high levels of arginase, and increased nitrous oxide synthase.
- the MDSCs may response to IFN- ⁇ and several cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13.
- IFN- ⁇ may activate MDSCs which induces the activity of nitric-oxide synthase 2 (NOS2).
- NOS2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 may activate MDSCs which may lead to the induction of arginase-1 (ARG1) activity.
- the metabolism of L-arginine by either NOS2 or ARG1 may lead to the inhibition of T-cell proliferation, and the activity of both enzymes together can result in T-cell apoptosis through the production of reactive nitrogen-oxide species.
- Treg related disease refers to a disease or disorder linked to T regulatory cells (Tregs). Treg related disease may be caused by Treg function, for example, suppression of an anti-tumor response or suppression of effector T cell proliferation.
- the Treg mediated disease may be cancer.
- Treg related disease and “Treg mediated disease” are used exchangeable herein.
- Enhance respon se of effector T cells or “enhance T cell responses” refers to enhancement or stimulation of effector T cells in vitro or in vivo in an animal or human subject to have a sustained or amplified biological function, or renew or reactivate exhausted or inactive T-celis.
- Exemplary T-cell responses are proliferation, secretion of ⁇ - interferon from CD 8 + T-cells, antigen responsiveness, or clonal expansion. The manner of measuring this enhancement is known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- MDSC related disease refers to a disease or disorder linked to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSC related disease may be caused by a MDSC function, for example, suppression of an anti -tumor response or effector T cell proliferation .
- the MDSC mediated disease may be cancer.
- MDSC related disease and MDSC mediated disease are used exchangeably herein.
- Regular - B cell or “Breg” or “Bregs” refers to B lymphocytes that suppress immune responses.
- the Bregs may be CD 19 D24 D38 + cells, and may suppress immune responses by inhibiting T cell proliferation mediated by IL-10 secreted by the Bregs. It is appreciated that other Breg subsets exists, and are described in for example Ding et a!., (2015) Human Immunology 76: 615-621.
- Breg related disease refers to a disease or disorder linked to regulator ⁇ ' B cells. Breg related disease may be caused by for example Breg mediated suppression of an antitumor response or effector T cell proliferation.
- the Breg mediated disease may be cancer.
- “Breg related disease” and “Breg mediated disease” are used exchangeably herein.
- the invention provides a method for treating a patient having a solid tumor with an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 regardless whether the tumor cells express CDS 8 or not.
- the invention further provides methods for treating a patient having regulatory T cell (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) or regulatory B cell (Breg) mediated disease.
- the invention further provides methods for modulating Treg, MDSC or Breg activity to treat solid tumors that are CDS 8 positive and/or associated with high levels of these immune suppressive cells.
- the invention is based, at least in part, on the discover ⁇ - that the anti-CD38 antibody DARZALEX 1M (daratumumab) has an immunomodulatory activity in patients, reducing the number of immune suppressive Tregs, MDSCs and Bregs, increasing the number of CDS ' ' ' T cells and the ratio of CD8 " to Tregs, promoting CD8 + central memory cell formation and increasing T cell cionality.
- DARZALEX 1M daratumumab
- DARZALEX 1M (daratumumab) and other anti-CD38 antibodies are being evaluated in the clinic for their efficacy to treat heme malignancies and plasma cell disorders, including multiple myeloma, by the a bility of the antibody to eliminate CDS 8- positive cells by antibody effector functions, such as ADCC, CDC, ACDP and apoptosis, but their immunomodulatory activity in promoting adaptive immune responses has not been recognized.
- Other immune modulator ⁇ ' antibodies (anti-PDl, anti-CTLA4) function through targeting components of the immune system that suppress anti-tumor responses.
- anti-PDl antibodies have been demonstrated to increase T-cell proliferation, stimulate antigen-specific memory responses, and partially relieve Treg-mediated suppression of effector T cells in vitro (for example, see U.S. Pat. No. 8,779,105).
- Two anti-PD-1 antibodies are currently approved for treatment of melanoma, OPDIVO® (nivolumab) and KEYTRUDA ⁇ (pembrolizumab) and these antibodies are in clinical development for various solid tumors, such as lung non-small cell carcinoma, prostate, head and neck, gastrointestinal, stomach, prostate, fallopian tube, ovarian, pancreatic, breast and brain cancer, renal, bladder, urethral, oesophageal and colorectal cancer.
- Anti- CTLA-4 antibody YERVOY ⁇ (ipilimumab) has been approved for treatment of melanoma.
- YERVOY® (ipilimumab) and another anti-CTLA-4 antibody, tremelimumab are also being developed for prostate, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian, gastrointestinal, stomach, colorectal, renal, oesophageal, and genitourinary cancer.
- DARZALEX 1M (daratumumab) described herein
- the invention provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated disease, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 for a time sufficient to treat the Treg mediated disease.
- Treg regulatory T cell
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a myeloid- derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mediated disease, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a the apeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 for a time sufficient to treat the MDSC mediated disease.
- MDSC myeloid- derived suppressor cell
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a regulatory B cell (Breg) mediated disease, comprising administering to the patient in need tliereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifi cally binds CD38 for a time sufficient to treat the Breg mediated disease.
- Breg regulatory B cell
- the invention also provides for a method of suppressing activity of a regulatory T cell (Treg), comprising contacting the regulatory T cell with an antibody that specifically binds CD38,
- the invention also provides for a method of suppressing activity of a myeloid- derived suppressor cell (MDSC), comprising contacting the MDSC with an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- MDSC myeloid- derived suppressor cell
- the invention also provides for a method of suppressing activity of a regulator ⁇ ' B cell (Breg), comprising contacting the Breg with an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- a regulator ⁇ ' B cell comprising contacting the Breg with an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising reducing the number of regulatory T ceils (Treg) in the patient by administering to the patient an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- Treg regulatory T ceils
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising reducing the number of myeloid -derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the patient by administering to the patient an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- MDSC myeloid -derived suppressor cells
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising reducing the number of regulatory B cells (Breg) in the patient by- administering to the patient an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- the invention also provides for a method of enhancing an immune response in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof an antibody that specifically binds CD38 for a time sufficient to enhance the immune response.
- the patient has a viral infection.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a viral infection in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need therefor an antibody that specifically binds CD38 for a time sufficient to treat the viral infection.
- the immune response is an effector T cell (Teff) response.
- the Teff response is mediated by CD4 + T cells or CD8 " T cells.
- the Teff response is mediated by CD4 f T cells.
- the Teff response is mediated by CD8 r T cells.
- the Teff response is an increase in the number of CDS " T cells, increased CD8 + T cell proliferation, increased T cell clonal expansion, increased CD8 " memory cell formation, increased antigen -dependent antibody production, or increased cytokine, chemokine or interleukin production.
- Proliferation of T cells may be assessed for example by measuring the rate of DNA synthesis using tritiated thymidine or measuring production of interferon -y (IFN- ⁇ ) in vitro, or measuring absolute number or percentage of T cells in a population of cells from patient samples using known methods.
- IFN- ⁇ interferon -y
- Clonal expansion may be assessed by for example sequencing TCR from a pool of T cells using know methods.
- Memory cell formation may be assessed by measuring the ratio of naive T cells (CD45R07CD62L ) to memory T ceils (CD45RO + /CD62L gh ) using for example FACS.
- Cytokine, chemokine or interleukin production such as production of interferon - ⁇ (IFN- ⁇ ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL- 12, IL 3, IL-10, IL-18 and IL-23, ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ - ⁇ , RANTES, CCL4 may be assessed using standard methods such as EL1SA or ELLISPOT assay.
- Antigen-specific antibody production may be assessed from samples derived from patient using standard methods, such as ELISA or radioimmunoassay (RTA).
- standard methods such as ELISA or radioimmunoassay (RTA).
- the meaning of "increase” or “increasing” various Teff responses is readily understood.
- the increase may be increase of at least about 5%, at least about 10%, 25%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 110%, 120%, 130%, 140%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 350%, 400% or more in a test sample or in a subject when compared to control, e.g., for example in a patient treated with
- the meaning of “reduce “ ' or “reducing” or “decreasing” or “decrease” the number of Tregs, MDSCs and/or Bregs is readily understood.
- the decrease may be at least about 10%, 25%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 1 10%, 120%, 130%, 140%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 350%, 400% or more in a test sample or in a subject when compared to control,
- the antibody that specifically binds CD 38 inhibits function of immune suppressor cells.
- the immune suppressor cells are regulatory- T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) or regulator ⁇ ' B cells (Bregs).
- the Tregs are CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + CD127 d,tn T cells.
- the CD3 r CD4 + CD25 + CD127 aiBI cells express Foxp3.
- the CD3 + CD4 + CD25 ⁇ CD127 diin T cells express CD38.
- Treg function such as their ability to suppress Teff cells, may be assessed using known methods, such as assessing the ability of Tregs to suppress Teff proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).
- MLR mixed lymphocyte reaction
- Treg function may be inhibited by for example reducing the relative number of Tregs when compared to Teffs (e.g. increasing the ratio of CDSVTreg cells) by direct killing of Tregs or a sub-population of Tregs, such as CD38 " Tregs.
- the Treg function is inhibited by killing the Treg cells.
- the Treg killing is mediated by antibody-induced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or apoptosis mduced by an antibody specifically binding CD38.
- ADCC antibody-induced antibody- dependent cell cytotoxicity
- ADCP antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis
- CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- the Treg killing is mediated by ADCC.
- the CD38 + Tregs are killed.
- Tn some embodiments, 1 %, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 1 1%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58% or 60% of Tregs are killed.
- CD38 is expressed only in a portion of Tregs and MDSCs, it is expected that treatment of patients with solid tumors will not result in systemic depletion of Tregs and MDSCs, therefore likely providing an improved safety profile.
- the MDSCs are CD1 lbHLA-DR " CD14 " CD33 + CD15 + cells.
- the CDl lb + HLA-DR-CD14 _ CD33 4' CD15 MDSCs express
- MDSC function may be inhibited for example by reducing the number of MDSCs by direct killing of the cells.
- the MDSC function is inhibited by killing the CD38
- the MDSC killing is mediated by antibody-induced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody -dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or apoptosis induced by the antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- ADCC antibody-induced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
- ADCP antibody -dependent cell phagocytosis
- CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- the MDSC killing is mediated by ADCC.
- the Bregs are CD19 ⁇ CD24 + CD38 + cells.
- the Breg function may be inhibited for example by reducing the number of Bregs by direct killing of the Bregs.
- the Breg function is inhibited by killing the CD38 " Bregs.
- the Breg killing is mediated by antibody-induced antibody- dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP), complement -dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or apoptosis induced by the antibody that specifically binds CD38,
- the Breg killing is mediated by ADCC.
- Tregs play a critical role in the maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance.
- Naturally occurring CD4 T CD25 i " Tregs are produced in the thymus and express Foxp3, a transcriptional factor required for establishment and maintenance of Treg lineage identity and suppressor function.
- Tregs can accumulate at a disease site (e.g. within tumor), where they suppress the effector function of tumor antigen specific T cells, resulting in insufficient anti-tumor responses.
- Increased densities of tumor-infiltrating Foxp3 + Tregs have been associated with poor prognosis in various solid tumors, including pancreatic, ovarian, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Depletion of Tregs results in enhanced antitumor immunity and tumor rejection in murine models but may also result in the development of autoimmune diseases.
- MDSC Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- NK natural killer cells
- NKT natural killer T cells
- CD8 + T cells CD8 + T cells. While the mechanism of NK cell inhibition is currently not well-understood, multiple pathways are responsible for MDSC-mediated T cell suppression including production of arginase 1/ARGl and upregulation of nitri c oxide synthase 2 (NOS2).
- ARGI and NOS2 metabolize L-arginine and either together or separately blocks the translation of the T cell CD3zeta chain, inhibits T cell proliferation, and promotes T cell apoptosis. Additionally, MDSCs secrete immunosuppressive cytokines and induce regulatory T cell development.
- MDSC are induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and are found in increased numbers in infectious and inflammatory pathological conditions. They accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs of tumor-bearing mice and their presence in the tumor microenvironment as been suggested to have a causative role in promoting tumor-associated immune suppression.
- MDSC have been described in patients with colon carcinoma, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcmoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and breast carcinoma (Mandruzzato ei al, (2009) J Immunol 182: 6562-6568; Lm et al, (2009) J Cancer Res dm Oncol 136: 35-45; Ko ei al .
- Diaz et al (Diaz-Montero ei at, (2009) Cancer Immunol Immunother 58: 49-59) propose that accumulation of MDSC correlates with more advanced disease and poor prognosis.
- Tumor-infiltrating Bregs have been identified in solid tumors, and the Bregs may promote tumor growth and metastasis by various mechanisms such as suppressing the antitumor activity of CD8 " T ceils and NK cells, as described in for example Ding et al, (2015) Human Immunology 76:615-62.
- Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is a mechanism for inducing cell death that depends upon the interaction of antibody -coated target cells with effector ceils possessing lytic activity, such as natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils via Fc gamma receptors (FcyR) expressed on effector cells.
- effector ceils possessing lytic activity such as natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils via Fc gamma receptors (FcyR) expressed on effector cells.
- FcyR Fc gamma receptors
- NK cells express FcyRTIIa
- monocytes express FcyRI, FcyRTI and FcvRITIa.
- Death of the antibody-coated target cell such as CD38-expressing cells, occurs as a result of effector cell activity through the secretion of membrane pore-forming proteins and proteases.
- the antibody may be added to CD38 -expressing cells in combination with immune effector cells, which may be activated by the antigen antibody complexes resulting in cytolysis of the target cell . Cytolysis is generally detected by the release of label (e.g. radioactive substrates, fluorescent dyes or natural intracellular proteins) from the lysed ceils.
- label e.g. radioactive substrates, fluorescent dyes or natural intracellular proteins
- exemplary effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and NK cells.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- target cells include Tregs or MDSCs expressing CD38.
- target cells are labeled with 20 ⁇ of 3l Cr for 2 hours and washed extensively.
- Cell concentration of the target cells may be adjusted to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells/ml, and anti-CD38 antibodies at various concentrations are added.
- Assays are started by adding target cells at an effectontarget cell ratio of 40: 1. After incubation for 3 hr at 37°C assays are stopped by centrifugation and 51 Cr release from lysed cells are measured in a scintillation counter. Percentage of cellular cytotoxicity may be calculated as % maximal lysis which may be induced by adding 3% perchloric acid to target cells.
- ADCP Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis
- phagocytic cells such as macrophages or dendritic cells.
- ADCP may be evaluated by using Tregs or MDSCs expressing CD38 as target cells engineered to express GFP or other labeled molecule.
- Effctontarget cell ratio may be for example 4: 1. Effector cells may be incubated with target cells for 4 hours with or without anti-CD38 antibody. After incubation, cells may be detached using accutase.
- Macrophages may be identified with anti-CD 1 lb and anti- CD14 antibodies coupled to a fluorescent label, and percent phagocytosis may be determined based on % GFP fluorescent in the CD1 1 D14 ⁇ macrophages using standard methods.
- “Complement -dependent cytotoxicity” refers to a mechanism for inducing cell death in which an Fc effector domain of a target-bound antibody binds and activates complement component Clq which in turn activates the complement cascade leading to target cell death. Activation of complement may also result in deposition of complement components on the target cell surface that facilitate ADCC by binding complement receptors (e.g., CR3) on leukocytes.
- complement receptors e.g., CR3
- the ability of monoclonal antibodies to induce ADCC may be enhanced by engineering their oligosaccharide component.
- Human IgGl or IgG3 are N-glycosylated at Asn297 with the majority of the glycans in the well-known biantennary GO, GOF, Gl, GIF, G2 or G2F forms.
- Antibodies produced by non-engineered CHO cells typically have a glycan fucose content of about at least 85%. The removal of the core fucose from the biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides attached to the Fc regions enhances the ADCC of antibodies via improved FcyRllla binding without altering antigen binding or CDC activity.
- niAbs may be achieved using different methods reported to lead to the successful expression of relatively high defucosylated antibodies bearing the biantennary complex-type of Fc oligosaccharides such as control of culture osmolality (Konno et ai, (2012) Cytotechnology 64:249-65), application of a variant CHO line Led 3 as the host cell line (Shields et al, (2002) J Biol Chem 277:26733-26740), application of a variant CHO line EB66 as the host cell line (Olivier et al, (2010) MAbs 2(4), Epub ahead of print; PMID:20562582), application of a rat hybridoma cell line YB2/0 as the host cell line (Shinkawa et al., (2003) J Biol Chem 278:3466-3473), introduction of small interfering RNA specifically against the a 1 ,6-fucosyltrasferase ( FUT8) gene (Mori e
- ADCC elicited by anti-CD38 antibodies used in the methods of the invention may also be enhanced by certain substitutions in the antibody Fc.
- Exemplary substitutions are for example substitutions at amino acid positions 256, 290, 298, 312, 356, 330, 333, 334, 360, 378 or 430 (residue numbering according to the EU index) as described in U.S. Pat. No.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprises a substitution in the antibody Fc.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprises a substitution in the antibody Fc at amino acid positions 256, 290, 298, 312, 356, 330, 333, 334, 360, 378 or 430 (residue numbering according to the EU index).
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 has a biantennary glycan structure with fucose content of about between 0% to about 15%, for example 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11 % 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 has a biantennary glycan structure with fucose content of about 50%, 40%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 1 1% 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, l% or 0%
- “Fucose content” means the amount of the fucose monosaccharide within the sugar chain at Asn297.
- the relative amount of fucose is the percentage of fucose- contaming structures related to ail giycostractures. These may be characterized and quantified by multiple methods, for example: 1) using MALDI-TOF of N-glycosidase F treated sample (e.g. complex, hybrid and oligo- and high-mannose structures) as described in Intl. Pat. Pubi. No.
- WO2008/077546 2) by enzymatic release of the Asn297 glycans with subsequent denvatization and detection/ quantitation by HPLC (UPLC) with fluorescence detection and/or HPLC-MS (UPLC-MS); 3) intact protein analysis of the native or reduced mAb, with or without treatment of the Asn297 glycans with Endo S or other enzyme that cleaves between the first and the second GlcNAc monosaccharides.
- the oligosaccharides released may be labeled with a fluorophore, separated and identified by various complementary techniques which allow: fine characterization of the glycan structures by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry by comparison of the experimental masses with the theoretical masses, determination of the degree of sialylation by ion exchange HPLC (GiycoSep C), separation and quantification of the oligosacharride forms according to hydrophilicity criteria by normal-phase HPLC (GiycoSep N), and separation and quantification of the oligosaccharides by high performance capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (HPCE-LIF).
- MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
- ''Low fucose or "low fucose content” as used herein refers to antibodies with fucose content of about 0% - 15%.
- Normal fucose or 'normal fucose content refers to antibodies with fucose content of about over 50%, typically about over 60%, 70%, 80% or over 85%.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 may induce killing of Tregs, MDSCs and/or Bregs by apoptosis.
- Methods for evaluating apoptosis are well known, and include for example annexin IV staining using standard methods.
- the anti-CD38 antibodies used in the methods of the invention may induce apoptosis in about 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of cells.
- the Teffs or the immune suppressor cells reside in bone marrow or in peripheral blood.
- the Teffs or the immune suppressor cells reside in bone marrow.
- the Teffs or the immune suppressor cells reside in peripheral blood.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 increases the ratio of CDS 1 T cells to Tregs.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 increases the ratio of CD8 ⁇ central memory cells to CD8 " naive cells.
- CD8 " central memory cells can be identified as CD45R07CD62L t sh cells.
- CD8 + naive cells can be identified as CD45RO- /CD62L 4 cells.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 is a non- agonistic antibody.
- a non-agonistic antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 refers to an antibody winch upon binding to CD38 does not induce significant proliferation of a sample of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro when compared to the proliferation induced by an isotype control antibody or medium alone.
- the non-agonistic antibody that specifically binds CD38 induces proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a statistically insignificant manner.
- PBMC proliferation may be assessed by isolating PBMCs from healthy donors and culturing the cells at 1 x 10 s cells/well in flat bottom 96-well plates in the presence or absence of a test antibody in 200 ⁇ RPMI After four day incubation at 37° C, 30 ⁇ ⁇ -thymidine (16.7 C ' i/mi ) may be added, and culture may be continued overnight.
- Rhymidine incorporation may be assessed using a Packard Cobra gamma counter (Packard Instruments, Meriden, DT, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Data may be calculated as the mean cpm ( ⁇ SEM) of PBMCs obtained from several donors. Statistical significance or insignificance between samples cultured in the presence or absence of the test antibody is calculated using standard methods.
- DARZALEX 1 M (daratumumab).
- DARZALEX iM (daratumumab) comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 and 5, respectively, a heavy chain complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1), a HCDR2 and a HCDR3 of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7 and 8, respectively, and a light chain complementarity determining region 1 (LCDRl), a LCDR2 and a LCDR3 of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10 and 11 , respectively, and is of IgGl/ ⁇ subtype and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,829,693.
- DARZALEX ! ' yi (daratumumab) heavy chain amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 and light chain amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 competes for binding to CD38 with an antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) of SEQ ID NO: 4 and a light chain variable region (VL) of SEQ ID NO: 5.
- VH heavy chain variable region
- VL light chain variable region
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 binds at least to region SKRNIQFSCKNJYR (SEQ ID NO: 2) and the region EKVQTLEAWVIHGG IQ ID NO: 3) of human CD38 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- SKRNIQFSCKNJYR SEQ ID NO: 2
- EKVQTLEAWVIHGG IQ ID NO: 3 of human CD38 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- Antibodies may be evaluated for their competition with a reference antibody such as DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) having the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for binding to CD38 using well known in vitro methods.
- a reference antibody such as DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) having the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for binding to CD38 using well known in vitro methods.
- CHO cells recombinantly expressing CD38 may be incubated with an unlabeled reference antibody for 15 min at 4°C, followed by incubation with an excess of
- test antibody fluorescently labeled test antibody for 45 min at 4°C. After washing in PBS/BSA, fluorescence may be measured by flow cytometry using standard methods. In another exemplar ' method, extracellular portion of human CD38 may be coated on the surface of an ELISA plate. Excess of the unlabeled reference antibody may be added for about 15 minutes and subsequently biotinylated test antibodies may be added. After washes in PBS/Tween, binding of the test biotinylated antibody may be detected using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin and the signal detected using standard methods. It is readily apparent that in the competition assays, the reference antibody may be labelled and the test antibody unlabeled.
- HRP horseradish peroxidase
- test antibody competes with the reference antibody when the reference antibody inhibits binding of the test antibody, or the test antibody inhibits binding of the reference antibody to CD38 by at least 80%, for example 81 %, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
- the epitope of the test antibody may further be defined for example by peptide mapping or hydrogen/deuterium protection assays using known methods, or by crystal structure determination.
- Antibodies binding to the region SKRNIQFSCKNIYR (SEQ ID NO: 2) and the region EKVQTLEAWVIHGG (SEQ ID NO: 3) of human CD38 (SEQ ID NO: 1) may be generated for example by immunizing mice with peptides having the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3 using standard methods and those described herein, and characterizing the obtained antibodies for binding to the peptides using for example ELISA or mutagenesis studies.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof an anti-CD38 antibody that binds to the region SKRNIQFSCKNIYR (SEQ ID NO: 2) and the region
- the epitope of the antibody used in the methods of the invention includes some or all of the residues having the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the antibody epitope comprises at least one amino acid in the region SKRNIQFSCKNIYR (SEQ ID NO: 2) and at least one amino acid in the region EKVQTLEAWVIHGG (SEQ ID NO: 3) of human CD38 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the antibody epitope comprises at least two amino acids in the region SKRNIQFSCKNIYR (SEQ ID NO: 2) and at least two amino acids in the region EKVQTLEAWVIHGG (SEQ ID NO: 3) of human CD38 (SEQ ID NO: 1). In some embodiments, the antibody epitope comprises at least three ammo acids in the region SKRNIQFSCKNIYR (SEQ ID NO: 2) and at least three ammo acids in the region EKVQTLEAWVIHGG (SEQ ID NO: 3) of human CD38 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprises the HCDR1, the HCDR2 and the HCDR3 amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7 and 8, respectively.
- the antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 comprises the LCDR1, the LCDR2 and the LCDR3 ammo acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10 and 1 1, respectively.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprises the HCDRI , the HCDR2, the HCDR3, the LCDR1, the LCDR2 and the LCDR3 ammo acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 1 1, respectively.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprises the VH that is 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL that is 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% , 99% or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprises the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 12 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO: 13.
- anti-CD38 antibodies that may be used in any embodiment of the invention are: mAb003 comprising the VH and the VL sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 15, respectively and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,829,693. Trie VH and the VL of mAb003 may be expressed as IgGl/ ⁇ .
- mAb024 comprising the VH and the VL sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 16 and 17, respectively, described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,829,693.
- the VH and the VL of mAb024 may be expressed as IgGl/ ⁇ .
- MOR-202 (MOR-03087) comprising the VH and the VL sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 18 and 19, respectively, described in US, Pat. No, 8,088,896.
- the VH and the VL of MOR- 202 may be expressed as IgGl/' ⁇ .
- Isatuximab comprising the VH and the VL sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 20 and 21, respectively, described in U.S. Pat. No. 8, 153,765.
- the VH and the VL of isatuximab may be expressed as IgG l/ .
- anti-CD38 antibodies that may be used in the methods of the invention include those described in Int. Pat. Publ. No. WO05/103083, Intl. Pat. Publ. No. WO06/125640, Intl. Pat. Publ, No. WO07/042309, Intl. Pat. Publ , No. WO08/047242 or Intl. Pat. Publ. No. WO 14/178820.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, compri sing administering to the patient in need thereof a the apeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 14 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 15 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 16 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 17 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, compri sing administering to the patient in need thereof a the apeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 18 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 20 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 21 or a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the solid tumor is a melanoma.
- the solid tumor is a lung cancer.
- the solid tumor is a squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
- NSCLC squamous non-small cell lung cancer
- the solid tumor is a non-squamous NSCLC.
- the solid tumor is a lung adenocarcinoma.
- the solid tumor is a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (e.g., a kidney clear cell carcinoma or a kidney papillary cell carcinoma), or a metastatic lesion thereof.
- RCC renal cell carcinoma
- the solid tumor is a mesothelioma.
- the solid tumor is a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
- NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- the solid tumor is a colorectal cancer.
- the solid tumor is a prostate cancer or castration-resistant prostate cancer.
- the solid tumor is a stomach cancer.
- the solid tumor is an ovarian cancer.
- the solid tumor is a gastric cancer.
- the solid tumor is a liver cancer.
- the solid tumor is pancreatic cancer.
- the solid tumor is a thyroid cancer.
- the solid tumor is a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
- the solid tumor is a carcinomas of the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract.
- the solid tumor is a breast cancer.
- the solid tumor is a fallopian tube cancer.
- the solid tumor is a brain cancer.
- the solid tumor is an urethral cancer.
- the solid tumor is a genitourinary cancer.
- the solid tumor is an endometriosis.
- the solid tumor is a cervical cancer.
- the solid tumor is a metastatic lesion of the cancer.
- the solid tumor lacks detectable CD38 expression.
- the solid tumor lacks detectable CDS 8 expression when CDS 8 expression in the solid tumor tissue or on cells isolated from the solid tumor is statistically insignificant when compared to a control, e.g. expression detected with anti-CD38 antibody vs expression detected with an isotype control antibody using well known methods.
- Anti-CD38 antibodies used in the methods of the invention may also be selected de novo from, e.g., a phage display library, where the phage is engineered to express human immunoglobulins or portions thereof such as Fabs, single chain antibodies (scFv), or unpaired or paired antibody variable regions nappik et at, (2000) JMol Biol 296:57- 86; Krebs et at, (2001) J Immunol Meth 254:67-84; Vaughan et al, ( 1996) Nature Biotechnology 14:309-314; Sheets et al, (1998) PITAS (USA) 95:6157-6162;
- a phage display library where the phage is engineered to express human immunoglobulins or portions thereof such as Fabs, single chain antibodies (scFv), or unpaired or paired antibody variable regions nappik et at, (2000) JMol Biol 296:57- 86; Krebs et at,
- CD38 binding variable domains may be isolated from e.g., phage display libraries expressing antibody heavy and light chain variable regions as fusion proteins with bacteriophage pIX coat protein as described in Shi et al, (2010) JMol Biol 397:385-96, and Intl. Pat. Publ. No. WO09/085462.
- the antibody libraries may be screened for binding to human CD38 extracellular domain, the obtained positive clones further characterized, Fabs isolated from the clone lysates, and subsequentely cloned as full length antibodies.
- Such phage display methods for isolating human antibodies are established in the art. See for example: U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,409, U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,484, U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,698, U.S. Pat. No. 5,427,908, U.S. Pat. No, 5,580,717, U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,108, U.S. Pat. No. 6,172, 197, U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,793, U.S. Pat. No. 6,521,404, U.S. Pat. No.
- the anti-CD38 antibody is of IgGl , IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 isotype.
- the Fc portion of the antibody may mediate antibody effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody -dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
- ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- ADCP antibody -dependent cellular phagocytosis
- CDC complement dependent cytotoxicity
- Such function may be mediated by binding of an Fc effector domain(s) to an Fc receptor on an immune cell with phagocytic or lytic activity or by binding of an Fc effector domain(s) to components of the complement system.
- the effect(s) mediated by the Fc -binding cells or complement components result in inhibition and/or depletion of target cells, for example CD38-expressing cells.
- Human IgG isotypes IgGl , TgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 exhibit differential capacity for effector functions.
- ADCC may be mediated by IgGl and IgG3
- ADCP
- Antibodies that are substantially identical to the antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 may be used in the methods of the invention.
- the term "substantially identical" as used herein means that the two antibody VH or VL amino acid sequences being compared are identical or have "insubstantial differences". Insubstantial differences are substitutions of I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 amino acids in an antibody heavy chain or light chain that do not adversely affect antibody properties. Percent identity may be determined for example by pairwise alignment using the default settings of the AlignX module of Vector NT! v.9.0.0
- the protein sequences of the present invention may be used as a query sequence to perform a search against public or patent databases to, for example, identify related sequences.
- Exemplary programs used to perform such searches are the XBLAST or BLASTP programs (littp_/Avww_ncbi_nlm/nih_gov), or the GenomeQuest 13 ⁇ 41 (GenomeQuest, Westborough, MA) suite using the default settings.
- Exemplary substitutions that may be made to the antibodies that specifically bind CDS 8 are for example conservative substitutions with an amino acid having similar charge,
- any native residue in the VH or the VL may also be substituted with alanine, as has been previously described for alanine scanning mutagenesis
- Desired amino acid substitutions may be determined by those skilled in the art at the time such substitutions are desired. Amino acid substitutions may be done for example by PGR mutagenesis (U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,195).
- variants may be generated using well known methods, for example using random (NNK) or non-random codons, for example DVK codons, which encode 11 amino acids (Ala, Cys, Asp, Glu, Gly, Lys, Asn, Arg, Ser, Tyr, Tip) and screening the libraries for variants with desired properties.
- the generated variants may be tested for their binding to CD38, their ability to induce ADCC, ADCP or apoptosis, or modulate CDS 8 enzymatic activity in vitro using methods described herein.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 may bind human CD38 with a range of affinities (K D ).
- K D affinities
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 binds to CD38 with high affinity, for example, with a K D equal to or less than about 10 " ' M, such as but not limited to, 1-9.9 (or any range or value therein, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9) x lO "8 M, 10 "9 M, 10 "10 M, 10 "u M, 10 "S2 M, 10 “lj M, 10 "14 M, 10 “L M or any range or value therein, as determined by surface plasmon resonance or the Kinexa method, as practiced by those of skill in the art.
- One exemplary affinity is equal to or less than 1 x10 s M
- Another exemplary' affinity is equal to or less than 1x10 " M.
- the antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 is a bispecific antibody.
- the VL and/or the VH regions of the existing anti-CD38 antibodies or the VL and VH regions identified de novo as described herein may be engineered into bispecific full length antibodies.
- Such bispecific antibodies may be made by modulating the CHS interactions between the monospecific antibody heavy chains to form bispecific antibodies using technologies such as those described in U.S. Pat, No, 7,695,936; Intl. Pat. Pub) . No, WO04/111233; U.S. Pat. Publ. No. US2010/0015133; U.S. Pat. Publ. No.
- WO2011/143545 or U.S. Pat. Publ. No. US2012/0149876.
- Additional bispecific stractures into which the VL and/or the VH regions of the antibodies of the invention may be incorporated are for example Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulins (Inlt. Pat. Publ. No. WO2009/134776), or structures that include various dimerization domains to connect the two antibody arms with different specificity, such as leucine zipper or collagen dimerization domains (Int. Pat. Publ. No. WQ2012/02281 L U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,448; U.S. Pat, No. 6,833,441).
- bispecific antibodies may be generated in vitro in a cell-free environment by introducing asymmetrical mutations in the CH3 regions of two monospecific homodimeric antibodies and forming the bispecific heterodimeric antibody from two parental monospecific homodimeric antibodies in reducing conditions to allow disulfide bond isomerization according to methods described in Intl.Pat. Publ, No.
- the first monospecific bivalent antibody e.g., anti- CD38 antibody
- the second monospecific bivalent antibody are engineered to have certain substitutions at the CH3 domain that promote heterodimer stability; the antibodies are incubated together under reducing conditions sufficient to allow the cysteines in the hinge region to undergo disulfide bond isomerization; thereby generating the bispecific antibody by Fab arm exchange.
- the incubation conditions may optimally be restored to non-reducing.
- Exemplary reducing agents that may be used are 2- mercaptoethylamine (2- MEA), dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol (DTE), glutathione, tris(2- carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), L-cysteine and beta-mercaptoethanol, preferably a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of: 2- mercaptoethylamine,
- dithiothreitol and tris(2 ⁇ carboxyethyl)phosphine for example, incubation for at least 90 min at a temperature of at least 20°C in the presence of at least 25 mM 2-MEA or in the presence of at least 0.5 mM dithiothreitol at a pH of from 5-8, for example at pH of 7.0 or at pH of 7.4 may be used.
- Exemplary CH3 mutations that may be used in a first heavy chain and in a second heavy chain of the bispecific antibody are K409R and/or F405L.
- the methods of the invention may be used to treat an animal patient belonging to any classification. Examples of such animals include mammals such as humans, rodents, dogs, cats and farm animals.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CDS 8 may be provided in the methods of the invention in suitable pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibody that specifically bind CDS 8 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the carrier may be diluent, adjuvant, excipient, or vehicle with which the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 are administered.
- vehicles may be liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. For example, 0.4% saline and 0.3% glycine may be used . These solutions are sterile and generally free of particulate matter. They may be sterilized by conventional, well-known sterilization techniques (e.g., filtration).
- compositions may contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as required to approximate physiological conditions such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, stabilizing, thickening, lubricating and coloring agents, etc.
- concentration of the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 in such pharmaceutical formulation may vary widely, i.e., from less than about 0.5%, usually to at least about 1% to as much as 15 or 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50% by weight and will be selected primarily based on required dose, fluid volumes, viscosities, etc., according to the particular mode of administration selected.
- Suitable vehicles and formulations, inclusive of other human proteins, e.g., human serum albumin are described, for example, in e.g. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21 sl Edition, Troy, D.B. eel., Lipincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 2006, Part 5, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing pp 691-1092, see especially pp. 958-989.
- the mode of administration of the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 in the methods of the invention may be any suitable route such as parenteral administration, e.g., intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous or subcutaneous, pulmonary, transmucosal (oral, intranasal, intravaginal, rectal) or other means appreciated by the skilled artisan, as well known in the art.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CDS 8 may be administered intratumorally, to a lymph node draining site for local delivery into the tumor using known methods.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 may be administered to a patient by any suitable route, for example parentally by intravenous (i.v.) infusion or bolus injection, intramuscularly or subcutaneously or irrtraperitoneally.
- i.v. infusion may be given over for example 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 minutes, or from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 hours.
- the dose given to a patient is sufficient to alleviate or at least partially arrest the disease being treated ("therapeutically effective amount") and may be sometimes 0.005 rng to about 100 mg/kg, e.g. about 0.05 mg to about 30 mg/kg or about 5 mg to about 25 mg/kg, or about 4 mg/kg, about 8 mg/kg, about 16 mg/kg or about 24 mg/kg, or for example about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 mg/kg, but may even higher, for example about 15, 16, 17, 1 8, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 mg/kg.
- a fixed unit dose may also be given, for example, 50, 100, 200, 500 or 1000 mg, or the dose may be based on the patient's surface area, e.g., 500, 400, 300, 250, 200, or 100 mg/m 2 .
- 1 and 8 doses e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8
- 9 10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1 8, 19, 20 or more doses may be given.
- the administration of the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 in the methods of the invention may be repeated after one day, two days, three days, four days, five days, six days, one week, two weeks, three weeks, one month, five weeks, six weeks, seven weeks, two months, three months, four months, five months, six months or longer. Repeated courses of treatment are also possible, as is chronic administration.
- the repeated administration may be at the same dose or at a different dose.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 in the methods of the invention may be administered at 8 mg/kg or at 16 mg/kg at weekly interval for 8 weeks, followed by administration at 8 mg/kg or at 16 mg/kg every two weeks for an additional 16 weeks, followed by administration at 8 mg/kg or at 16 mg/kg every four weeks by intravenous infusion.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 may be administered in the methods of the invention by maintenance therapy, such as, e.g. once a week for a period of 6 months or more.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 in the methods of the invention may be provided as a daily dosage in an amount of about 0.1-100 mg/kg, such as 0.5, 0.9, 1 .0, 1 .1, 1 .5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 mg/kg, per day, on at least one of day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 , 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, or 40, or alternatively, at least one of week 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 after initiation of treatment, or any combination thereof, using single or divided doses of every 24, 12, 8, 6, 4, or 2 hours, or any combination thereof.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CDS 8 in the methods of the invention may also be administered prophylactically in order to reduce the risk of developing cancer, delay the onset of the occurrence of an e vent in cancer progression, and/or reduce the risk of recurrence when a cancer is in remission. This may be especially useful in patients wherein it is difficult to locate a tumor that is known to be present due to other biological factors.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 in the methods of the invention may be lyophiiized for storage and reconstituted in a suitable carrier prior to use. This technique has been shown to be effective with conventional protein preparations and well known lyophilization and reconstitution techniques can be employed.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 in the methods of the invention may be administered in combination with a second therapeutic agent.
- the antibodies that specifically bind CD38 may be administered together with any one or more of the chemotherapeutic dmgs or other anticancer therapeutics known to those of skill in the art.
- Chemotherapeutic agents are chemical compounds useful in the treatm ent of cancer and include growth inhibitory agents or other cytotoxic agents and include alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, anti- microtubule inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors and the like.
- chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXAN®); alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and meth ylamel amines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide,
- alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXAN®)
- alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan
- aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa
- ethylenimines and meth ylamel amines including altretamine, triethylenemel
- triethylenethiophosphaoramide and trimethyiolomeiamine nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide,
- sizofiran spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; tnaziquone; 2,2',2"-trichlorotriethylamine: urethan; vindesine; dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine; arabinoside ("Ara-C " ); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa; members of taxoid or taxane family, such as pacliiaxel (TAXOL®docetaxel (TAXOTERE®) and analogues thereof; chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6 "thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate;
- platinum analogues such as cisplatin and earboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitomycin C; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; navelbine; no antrone; teniposide; daunomycin; aminopterin; xeloda; ibandronate; CPT-11;
- topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difiuoromethylomithine (DMFO); retinoic acid;
- esperami cms; capecitabine inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases and/or angiogenesis, including NEXAVAR® (sorafemb), SUTENT® (sunitmib), VOTRIENTTM (pazopanib), PALLADIATM (toceranib), ZACTIMATM (vandeianib), RECENTTN® (cediranib), regorafemb (BAY 73-4506), axitinib (AG013736), lestaurtmib (CEP-701), TARCEVA® (erlotinib), IRESSATM (gefitinib), i ' iiloirn (afatinib), TYKERB® (lapatinib), neratinib, and the like, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above.
- anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors
- anti -estrogens including for example tamoxifen, raloxifene, aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-iniidazoles, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapnstone, and FARESTON® (toremifene); and anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, and goserelin; and
- Exemplary agents that may be used in combination with the antibody that specifically binds CD38 in the methods of the invention include tyrosine kinase inhibitors and targeted anti -cancer therapies such as IRESSA iM (gefitinib) and Tarceva' 5, (erlotmib) and other antagonists of HER2, HER3, HER4 or VEGF,
- Exemplar ⁇ ' HER2 antagonists include CP-724-714, HERCEPTINTM (trastuzumah), OMNTTARGTM (pertuzumab), TAK- 165, TYKERB® (lapatimb) (EGFR and HER2 inhibitor), and GW-282974.
- Exemplary HER3 antagonists include anti-Her3 antibodies (see e.g., U.S. Pat. Publ. No.
- HER4 antagonists include anti-HER4 siRNAs (see e.g., Maatta et al, Mol Biol Cell 17: 67-79, 2006,
- An exemplar ' VEGF antagonist is
- AvastinTM Be vacizumab
- Exemplary agents that may be used in combination with the antibody that specifically binds CD38 in the methods of the invention include standard of care drags for solid tumors, or an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
- the second therapeutic agent in the methods of the invention may be an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-Ll antibody, an anti-PD-L2 antibody, an anti-LAG3 antibody, an anti-TIM3 antibody, or an anti-CTLA-4 antibody.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antagonistic anti- PD-1 antibody, an antagonistic anti-PD-Ll antibody, an antagonistic anti ⁇ PD-L2 antibody, an antagonistic anti-LAG3 antibody, or an antagonistic anti-TIM3 antibody.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-PD-1 antibody.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-PD-Ll antibody.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-PD-L2 antibody.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-LAG3 antibody. In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-TIM3 antibody. In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-CTLA-4 antibody.
- any antagonistic anti-PD-1 antibodies may be used in the methods of the invention.
- Exemplary anti-PD-1 antibodies that may be used are OPVIDO® (nivolumab) and KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab).
- OPVIDO® nivolumab
- KEYTRUDA® pembrolizumab
- OPVIDO® is described in for example US. Pat. No. 8,008,449 (antibody 5C4) and comprises the VH of SEQ ID NO: 24 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 25.
- KEYTRUDA® pembrolizumab
- U.S. Pat.No 8,354,509 comprises the VH of SEQ ID NO: 22 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 23.
- nivolumab and pembrolizumab are also available through the CAS registry. Additional PD-1 antibodies that may be used are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,332,582, U.S. Pat. Publ. No. 2014/0044738, Int. Pat. Publ, No. WO2014/17966 and U.S. Pat. Publ. No. 2014/0356363.
- Antagonist refers to a molecule that, when bound to a cellular protein, suppresses at least one reaction or activity that is induced by a natural ligand of the protein.
- a molecule is an antagonist when the at least one reaction or activity is suppressed by at least about 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% more than the at least one reaction or activity suppressed in the absence of the antagonist ⁇ e.g., negative control), or when the suppression is statistically significant when compared to the suppression in the absence of the antagonist.
- Antagonist may be an antibody, a soluble ligand, a small molecule, a DNA or RNA such as siRNA.
- a typical reaction or activity that is induced for example by PD-1 binding to its receptor PD- Li or PD-L2 may be reduced antigen-specific CD4 ⁇ or CD8 cell proliferation or reduced interferon- ⁇ (IFN- ⁇ ) production by T cells, resulting in suppression of immune responses against for example tumor.
- a typical reaction or activity that is induced by TIM-3 binding to its receptor, such as galectin-9 may be reduced antigen specific CD4 + or CDS " cell proliferation, reduced IFN- ⁇ production by T cells, or reduced CD137 surface expression on CD4 ⁇ or CD8 " cells, resulting in suppression of immune responses against for example tumor.
- an antagonistic PD-1 antibody specifically binding PD-1, an antagonistic PD-L2, an antagonistic antibody specifically binding TIM-3 induces immune responses by inhibiting the inhibitory pathways.
- Anti-PD-Ll antibodies that enhance immune response may be used in the method of the invention (e.g. antagonistic anti-PD-LI antibodies).
- Exemplary anti-PD-Ll antibodies that may be used are durvalumab, atezolizumab and aveiumab, and those described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Pub!. No. 2009/0055944, U.S. Pat. No. U.S. Pat, No, 8,552, 154, U.S. Pat. No. 8,217, 149 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,779,108.
- Durvalumab comprises the VH of SEQ ID NO: 26 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 27
- Atezolizumab comprises the VH of SEQ ID NO: 28 and the VL of SEQ ID NO:
- Aveiumab comprises the VH of SEQ ID NO: 30 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 31.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 24 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 25 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 22 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 23 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 26 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 27 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 28 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 29 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 30 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 31 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of enhancing an immune response in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 24 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 25 for a time sufficient to enhance the immune response.
- the invention also provides for a method of enhancing an immune response in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD 38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 22 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 23 for a time sufficient to enhance the immune response.
- the invention also provides for a method of enhancing an immune response in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 26 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 27 for a time sufficient to enhance the immune response.
- the invention also provides for a method of enhancing an immune response in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 28 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 29 for a time sufficient to enhance the immune response.
- the invention also provides for a method of enhancing an immune response in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD 38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 30 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 31 for a time sufficient to enhance the immune response.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a colorectal cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 in combination with an antagonistic anti-PD-1 antibody for a time sufficient to treat the colorectal cancer.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a colorectal cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 in combination with an antagonistic anti-PD-Ll antibody for a time sufficient to treat the colorectal cancer.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a colorectal cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 in combination with an an tagonistic anti-PD-L2 antibody for a time sufficient to treat the colorectal cancer.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a lung cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 in combination with an antagonistic anti-PD-1 antibody for a time sufficient to treat the lung cancer.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a lung cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 in combination with an antagonistic anti-PD-L 1 antibody for a time sufficient to treat the lung cancer.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a lung cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 in combination with an antagonistic anti-PD-L2 antibody for a time sufficient to treat the lung cancer.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a prostate cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 in combination with an antagonistic anti-PD-1 antibody for a time sufficient to treat the prostate cancer.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a prostate cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD 38 in combination with an antagonistic anti-PD-Ll antibody for a time sufficient to treat the prostate cancer.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a prostate cancer, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 in combination with an antagonistic anti-PD-L2 antibody for a time sufficient to treat the prostate cancer.
- Anti-LAG-3 antibodies that enhance immune response may be used in the methods if the invention.
- Exemplary anti-LAG-3 antibodies that may be used are those described in, for example, Int. Pat. Pubi. No. WO2010/019570.
- Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that enhance immune response may be used in the methods if the invention.
- An exemplary anti-CTLA-4 antibody that may be used is ipilimumab.
- Anti-PD-1, anti-PD-Ll, anti-PD-L2, anti-LAG3, anti-TlM3 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that may be used in the methods of the invention may also be generated de novo using methods described herein.
- anti-PDl antibodies comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 32 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 33 may be used.
- anti-PDl antibodies comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 34 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 35 may be used.
- anti-TIM-3 antibodies comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 36 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 37 may be used.
- anti-TIM-3 antibodies comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 38 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 39 may be used.
- E1VMTQS1 1 SVSPGERATLSCRASQSLSDYLH ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4YQQKPGQAPRL,L1KSASQS1SG IPARFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQSEDFAVYYCQNGHSFPYTFGQGTKLEIK
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-l antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 32 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 33 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 34 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 35 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti ⁇ TIM-3 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 36 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 37 for a rime sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the invention also provides for a method of treating a patient having a solid tumor, compri sing administering to the patient in need thereof a the apeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 in combination with an anti-TIM-3 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 38 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 39 for a time sufficient to treat the solid tumor.
- the combination of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the second therapeutic agent may be administered over any convenient timeframe.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the second therapeutic agent may be administered to a patient on the same day, and even in the same intravenous infusion.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the second therapeutic agent may also be administered on alternating days or alternating weeks or months, and so on.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the second therapeutic agent may be administered with sufficient proximity in time that they are simultaneously present (e.g., in the serum) at detectable levels in the patient being treated.
- an entire course of treatment with the antibody that specifically binds CD38 consisting of a number of doses over a time period is followed or preceded by a course of treatment with the second therapeutic agent, consisting of a number of doses.
- a recovery period of 1 , 2 or several days or weeks may be used between administration of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the second therapeutic agent.
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 or a combination of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the second therapeutic agent may be administered together with any form of radiation therapy including external beam radiation, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), focused radiation, and any form of radiosurgery including Gamma Knife, Cyberknife, Linac, and interstitial radiation (e.g. implanted radioactive seeds, GliaSite balloon), and/or with surgery.
- IMRT intensity modulated radiation therapy
- radiosurgery including Gamma Knife, Cyberknife, Linac, and interstitial radiation (e.g. implanted radioactive seeds, GliaSite balloon), and/or with surgery.
- stereotactic radiosurgery involves the precise delivery of radiation to a tumorous tissue, for example, a brain tumor, while avoiding the surrounding non- tumorous, normal tissue.
- the dosage of radiation applied using stereotactic radiosurgery may vary, typically from 1 Gy to about 30 Gy, and may encompass intermediate ranges including, for example, from 1 to 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, up to 30 Gy in dose. Because of noninvasive fixation devices, stereotactic radiation need not be delivered in a single treatment.
- the treatment plan may be reliably duplicated day-to-day, thereby allowing multiple fractionated doses of radiation to be delivered.
- the radiosurgery When used to treat a tumor over time, the radiosurgery is referred to as "fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery" or FSR.
- stereotactic radiosurgery refers to a one-session treatment. Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery may result in a high therapeutic ratio, i.e., a high rate of killing of tumor cells and a low effect on normal tissue.
- the tumor and the normal tissue respond differently to high single doses of radiation vs. multiple smaller doses of radiation. Single large doses of radiation may kill more normal tissue than several smaller doses of radiation may.
- IMRT Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
- 3DCRT three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy
- IMRT allows the radiation dose to confonn more precisely to the three-dimensional (3-D) shape of the tumor by modulating the intensity of the radiation beam in multiple small volumes. Accordingly, IMRT allows higher radiation doses to be focused to regions within the tumor while minimizing the dose to surrounding normal critical structures. IMRT improves the ability to confonn the treatment volume to concave tumor shapes, for example, when die tumor is wrapped around a vulnerable structure, such as the spinal cord or a major organ or blood vessel.
- Subcutaneous administration of pharmaceutical compositions comprising an antibody that specifically binds CD38 and a hyaluronidase
- the antibody that specifically binds CD38 may be administered as a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and a hyaluronidase subcutaneo usly .
- the concentration of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 in the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneous! ⁇ ' may be about 20 mg/ml.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise between about 1,200 mg - 1,800 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise about 1,200 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise about 1,600 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise about 1,800 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise between about 30,000 U - 45,000 U of the hyaluronidase.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise about 1,200 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and about 30,000 U of the hyaluronidase.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise about 1,800 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and about 45,000 U of the hyaluronidase.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise about 1,600 rng of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and about 30,000 U of the hyaluronidase.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise about 1 ,600 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and about 45,000 U of the hyaluronidase.
- the pharmaceutical composition administered subcutaneously may comprise the hyaluronidase rHuPH20 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40.
- rHuPH20 is a recombinant hyaluronidase (HYLENEX® recombinant) and is described in Int. Pat. Publ. No. WO2004/078140.
- Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid (EC 3 ,2.1.35) and lowers the viscosity of hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix, thereby increasing tissue permeability.
- the administration of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the hyaluronidase may be repeated after one day, two days, three days, four days, five days, six days, one week, two weeks, three weeks, four weeks, five weeks, six weeks, seven weeks, two months, three months, four months, five months, six months or longer. Repeated courses of treatment are also possible, as is chronic administration. The repeated administration may be at the same dose or at a different dose.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the hyaluronidase may be administered once weekly for eight weeks, followed by once in two weeks for 16 weeks, followed by once in four weeks.
- the pharmaceutical compositions to be administered may comprise about 1,200 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and about 30,000 U of hyaluronidase, wherein the concentration of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 in the pharmaceutical composition is about 20 mg/'ml.
- the pharmaceutical compositions to be administered may comprise about 1,800 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and about 45,000 U of hyaluronidase.
- the pharmaceutical compositions to be administered may comprise about 1,600 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and about 30,000 U of hyaluronidase.
- the pharmaceutical compositions to be administered may comprise about 1,600 mg of the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and about 45,000 U of
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 and the hyaluronidase may be administered subcutaneously to the abdominal region.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody that specifically binds CD38 and the hyaluronidase may be administered in a total volume of about 80 ml, 90 ml, 100 ml, 1 10 ml or 120 ml .
- 20 mg/ml of the antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 in 25 mM sodium acetate, 60 mM sodium chloride, 140 mM D-mannitol, 0.04% poiysorbate 20, pH 5.5 may be mixed with rHuPH20, 1.0 mg/mL (75-150 kU/mL) in 10 mM L-Histidine, 130 mM NaCl, 10 mM L-Met ionine, 0.02% Poiysorbate 80, pH 6.5 prior to
- An antibody that specifically binds CDS 8 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor 1.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 for use in treating a patient having a regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated disease is provided.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 for use in treating a patient having a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mediated disease, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- T regulatory T cell comprising contacting the T regulatory cell with an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor, comprising reducing the number of regulatory T cells in a patient by administering the patient an antibody that specifically binds CDS 8.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor comprising reducing the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) cells in a patient by administering the patient an antibody that specifically binds CD38.
- MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- Tregs regulatory T cells
- MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- ADCC antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
- ADCP antibody-dependent ceil phagocytosis
- CDC cell-dependent cytotoxicity
- CD38 The antibody that specifically binds CD 38 for use according to embodiment 21, wherein the CD1 lb3 ⁇ 4LA-DROD14 " CD33 + CD15 + cells express CD38.
- ADCC antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
- ADCP antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis
- CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- VH heavy chain variable region
- VL light chain variable region
- SKRNIQFSCKNIYR SEQ ID NO: 2
- EKV QTLE A WV IHGG SEQ ID NO: 3 of human CD38
- HCDR complementarity determining regions 1 (HCDR1), 2 (HCDR2) and 3 (HCDR3) sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7 and 8, respectively.
- LCDR complementarity determining regions
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor, wherein the antibody is administered in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 22 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 23.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor wherein the antibody is administered in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 24 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 25.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in enhancing an immune response in a patient.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in enhancing an immune response in a patient wherein the antibody is administered in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 22 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 23.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor wherein the antibody is administered in combination with the anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 26 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 27.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VI, of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor wherein the antibody is administered in combination with the anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 28 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 29.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in treating a patient having a solid tumor wherein the antibody is administered in combination with the anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 30 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 31.
- An antibody that specifically binds CD38 comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the VI, of SEQ ID NO: 5 for use in enhancing an immune response in a patient wherein the antibody is administered in combination with the anti-PD-Ll antibody comprising the VH of SEQ ID NO: 26 and the VL of SEQ ID NO: 27.
- PBMCs Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- cell lineage panel PerCPCy5.5 -CD19 (cloneHIB 19; Becton Dickinson [BD]), APCa-CD24 (SN3; eBiosaence), PC7a-CD3 (UCHT-1; Beckman Coulter), V500a-CD16 (3G8; BD), and PEa-CD56 (MY; BD); regulatory T cell (T Jeg ) panel: APCa-CD25 (2A3; BD), PEa- CD127 (HIL-7R-M21 ; BD), APC-H7a-HLA-DR (G46-6; BD), and PerCPa-CD4 (L200; BD); na
- CD38 expression was evaluated using Alexa 647 labeled antibody mAb 003 described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,829,693 having the VH and the VL sequences of SEQ ID NO: 14 and SEQ ID NO: 15.
- the blood samples were prepared using different Lyse-wash methods.
- For bone marrow aspirate samples either membrane or intracellular staining was performed with various antibodies.
- Becton Dickinson FACSLysing solution was used for lysing red blood cells in peripheral blood samples and Fix and Perm cell permeabilization reagents from Invitrogen were used for intracellular staining of bone marrow aspirate samples. Stained samples were acquired on FACS Canto II flow cytometers and data was analyzed using FacsDiva software. Absolute counts of immune cell populations in the blood samples and as percent of lymphocytes in bone marrow samples were determined at all the time points tested.
- TCR T-cel! receptor
- T-cell diversity was analyzed by deep sequencing of TCR rearrangements to assess CD8 + T-cell clonality using genomic DNA from PBMC samples.
- TCR sequencing was performed using Adaptive Biotechnologies commercial Immunoseq lM assay, and analysis was performed using prequalified multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PGR) assays (TR2015CRO-V-01 ), which were composed of forward and reverse primers that directly targeted the family of variable (V) genes (forward primers) and joining (J) genes (reverse primers).
- V variable
- J joining
- each amplicon was amplified a second time with forward and reverse primers containing the universal sequence and adaptor sequence needed for DNA sequencing by lllumina.
- PBMCs were seeded on 96 well plates (2 ⁇ 10 5 cells/well) and stimulated for 5 days with a cocktail of 23 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted viral peptides from human cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and influenza virus (2 g/ml; CEF peptide pool ; PANATecs*) or an equivalent number of 25- Gy irradiated allogeneic PBMCs from healthy donors. Unstimulated PBMCs and PBMCs stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads served as negative and positive controls, respectively.
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- interferon ⁇ IFN- ⁇
- ELISA sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- CFSE Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl
- PBMCs from healthy donors were labelled with PerCP-Cy5.5a-CD3 (SK7; BD), KOa-CD45, (J33; Beckman Coulter), V450a-CD4 (SK3; BD), PEa-CD25 (M-A251, BD), PE Cy7a-CD127 (HIL-7R-M21 ; BD), and APCa-CD38 ( ⁇ -7; BD) and sorted by FACS Aria (BD).
- Sorted effector cells were labelled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE; eBioscience) and stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads in the presence or absence of CD38 + Tregs or CD38 " Tregs (1: 1 Treg to effector cell ratio) in RPMI plus 10% fetal calf serum . After 72 hours, flow cytometry was performed and the percent dilution of CFSE was used as a surrogate for T-cell proliferation.
- CFSE carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- MDSC Myeloid derived suppressor cell
- PBMC from three normal healthy donors were co-cultured with myeloma tumor cell lines (RPMI8226, U266, H929) for six days, and evaluated for the production of granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC) (CDl lb + CD14 " HLA " DR:CD15 + CD33 + ) as described in Gorgun et al. Blood 121:2975-87, 2013.
- G-MDSC granulocytic MDSC
- G-MDSC granulocytic MDSC
- Gating strategy for flow cytometric evaluation of G-MDSC included CD l lb + as the first gate, followed by CD 14 " and HLA DR gating, and then followed by CD15 + and CD33 ⁇ gating.
- G-MDSCs were cell sorted and evaluated for CD38 expression levels and sensitivity to DARZALEX IM (daratumumab) mediated ADCC. To evaluate the effect of DARZALEXTM
- PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- RPMI phosphate-buffered saline
- responders are defined as subjects with a Best Response per IRC of sCR, VGPR and PR, and non-responders are defined as subjects with a Best Response per IRC of MR, SD and PD
- Different statistical comparisons included (i) baseline levels between responders and non-responders, (ii) baseline versus on treatment for responders and for non- responders, (iii) percent changes between responders and non-responders, (iv) ratio changes of baseline versus on treatment.
- Each comparison included first a test for normality with a Shapiro-Wilk test (Royston (1995) Remark AS R94: A remark on Algorithm AS 181 : The W test for normality. Applied Statistics, 44, 547-551). Almost exclusively, the data was found to not have a normal distribution.
- the differential level testing included conducting both a non-parametric Wilcox rank sum test (Hollander and Wolfe (1973), Nonparametric Statistical Methods.
- the target population for Study 54767414MMY2002 is patients with advanced multiple myeloma who received at least 3 prior lines of therapy including a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) or double refractory to a PI and an IMiD.
- PI proteasome inhibitor
- IMD immunomodulatory drug
- OR R overall response rate
- TTP time to progression
- PFS progression free survival
- OS overall survival
- Group A DARZALEX 1M (daratumumab) 16 mg/kg: Cycles 1 and 2: Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (weekly), Cycle 3 to 6: Days 1 and 15 (every other week), Cycles 7+: Day 1 (every 4 weeks). Each cycle was 4 weeks.
- Group B DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) 8 mg/kg: Cycle 1+: Day 1 (every 4 weeks).
- the primary objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of 2 treatment regimens of DARZALE lM (daratumumab), as measured by the OR (CR + PR), in subjects with multiple myeloma who have received at least 3 prior lines of therapy including a PI and an IMiD or whose disease is double refractory to both a PI and an IMiD (Clinical Study Report: An Open-label, Multicenter, Phase 2 Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of DARZ LEX lM (daratumumab) in Subjects With Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received at Least 3 Prior Lines of Therapy (Including a Proteasome Inhibitor and IMiD) or are Double Refractor ' to a Proteasome Inhibitor and an IMiD. EDMS-ERI-92399922).
- the secondary objectives of this study included evaluation of the safety and to.lerabi.lity of D ARZALEXTM (daratumurnab) demonstration of additional measures of efficacy (e.g, clinical benefit, TTP, PFS, and OS) along with assessment of
- Stage 1 of Part 1 I subject (6%) responded in the 8 mg/kg group, and 5 subjects (31%) responded in the 16 mg/kg group. Therefore, only the 16 mg kg group was expanded in Stage 2 of Part 1 and in Part 2.
- CD38 is expressed on a variety of immune and hematopoietic cells. Broad immune profiling by flow cytometry was performed to examine the effect of
- D ARZALEXTM (daratumurnab) on immune cell subsets and the association of baseline levels of these cells to clinical response.
- Various cell populations including T-cells (CD3 + , CDC, CD8 + and regulatory T-cells (Treg)), B-cells (CD 19 " ), NK cells, monocytes (CD14 + ), leukocytes, and neutrophils were e valuated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates at baseline and following DARZALEX lM
- Lymphocytes Leukocytes, Monocytes and Neutrophils
- NK cells CD 16 + CD56 i
- activated NK cells CD 16 + CD56 dus
- DARZALEXTM daratumumab
- Lymphocytes were noted to increase with DARZALEX 1J l (daratumumab) treatment (Figure 1) even though B ceils showed only a minimal increase (see above).
- various T-ce!l populations were studied (CD3 CD4 + , CD8 + T cells, regulator ' T cells) in both peripheral blood and bone marrow.
- CD3 " , CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells were increased in peripheral blood (both absolute counts/ ⁇ and percentage of lymphocytes) following DARZALEX 1 M (daratumumab) treatment.
- Figure 2 shows the percent change of absolute counts of CD3 1 T-cells (CD45 + CD3 ⁇ ) from baseline in peripheral blood over time for every- patient.
- the black line in the Figure shows the median absolute counts x 10 e cells ⁇ L for all patients. Only visits with more than 2 observations were included into the Figure.
- Figure 3 shows the % change of absolute counts of CD4 + T-cells (CD45 + CD3 + CD4 + ) from baseline in peripheral blood over time for every patient.
- the black line in the Figure shows the median for all patients.
- Figure 4 shows the % change of absolute counts of CD8 + T-cells (CD45 f CD3 + CD8 ) from baseline in peripheral blood over time for every patient. The black line in the Figure shows the median for all patients. Only visits with more than 2 obsen/ations were included into the Figure.
- Table 2 shows the Wilcoxon signed-rank test results for the comparison of each T-cell subpopulation in peripheral blood between responders and non-responders for percent change of absolute counts to baseline.
- total T-cells CD45 + CD3 ⁇ as a percentage of lymphocytes
- CD8 + T-cells CD45XD3XD8 + as a percentage of lymphocytes
- Table 3 shows the iicoxon signed-rank test results for the various T ceils as % lymphocytes in bone marrow?.
- Figure 5 shows the percentage (%) of CD45 r CD3 + cells over time during DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment (both responders and non-responders included in the graph).
- Figure 6 shows the % CD45 + CD3 "! CD8 + cells over time during DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment (both responders and non-responders included in the graph).
- Figure 6 shows the % CD45 + CD3 "! CD8 + cells over time during
- DARZALEX J M (daratumumab) treatment (both responders and non-responders included in the graph).
- Treg cells were identified as the CD3 + CD4 + CD25 " CD127 dim cell population in a sample.
- the ratio of CDS " T cells to Tregs was assessed in the peripheral blood and bone marrow in patients treated with DARZALEX 1M (daratumumab) over time. The ratio increased in both the periphery and bone marrow.
- Figure 7 A shows the median values of the CD8 + /Treg and CD8 + CD4 T cell ratios of all patients per time point in peripheral blood.
- Figure 7B shows the median values of the CD8 + /Treg and CD87CD4 " T-cell ratios of all patients per time point in bone marrow.
- the changes in the ratios of absolute counts of CD8 + Tregs and CD8 CD4 + were significant in peripheral blood over time of treatment (Table 6) and in bone marrow (Table 7), Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
- Study GEN501 was the first-in-human clinical study of DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) in subjects with MM. It is a Phase 1/2, dose-escalation, safety study divided into 2 parts. Part 1 is an open-label, dose-escalation study; Part 2 is an open-label, single-arm study with multiple cohorts, based on the dose levels established in Part 1
- Part 1 10 dose levels of DARZALEX 1 (daratumumab) were evaluated: 0.005, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 mg/kg. The 2 lowest dose cohorts were allocated 1 (+3) subject(s) each, and a standard 3 (+3) subject allocation was applied to the remaining 8 dose cohorts. Part 2 was an open-label, single study including two dose levels, 8 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg. Part 1 included 32 subjects and Part 2 included 72 subjects.
- Example 5 DARZALEX 1 M (daratumumab) treatment induces T cell clonality in patients
- TCR T-ceil receptor
- Figure 8B shows the fold change in clonalitv in individual patients. Responders are marked with the star. This data suggests that the T cell expansion noted with
- DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) treatment may be clonal in nature.
- FIG. 8C shows the % CIA for individual patients.
- Group A: responders, Group B: non-responders. Statistically significant difference was observed between responders and non-responders (p 0.037).
- Figure 81) shows the sum of absolute change in abundance (CIA) in responders and non- responders for each expanded T cell clone.
- Figure 8F shows the maximum CIA of a single T-cell clone in responders (Group A) and non-responders (Group B).
- CIA was obtained by identifying significant differences in clonal abundance between two samples using Fisher's exact test (DeWitt et al. J. Virol. 2015) and summing the absolute change in abundance for each expanded clone.
- lymphocytes were increased in both peripheral blood and bone marrow during DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment. This increment was attributed to increased numbers of both CD4 + and CDS 4 cells.
- CD8 ⁇ T-cell phenotype was studied in patients treated with DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) over time in a subset of 17 patients enrolled in the GEN 501 study.
- CDS f cells from patients were identified as naive (CD45R07CD62L + ) (T N ) or central memory (TC M ) (CD45R07CD62L +Wsh ) cells using standard protocols.
- Figure 9A shows the % of CD8 + nai e cells (% of CD8 T cells) and Figure 9B shows the % of CDS + central memory cells.
- White squares indicate patients that achieved at least minimal response (> MR.) and black squares indicate patients that had stable disease or progressive disease. A significantly greater decrease in CD8 + naive T cells was apparent in patients who responded to treatment (data not shown).
- Figure 9C shows that
- DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) treatment increased the percentage in HLA Class I- restricted T cells, which partially drive the virus-specific and alloreactive T cell responses
- Figure 9D shows that the expanding effector memory T cells expressed low levels of CDS 8. It is important to note that these T cells display normal and even increased functional activity against viral peptides and alloantigens (see Example 8). From these functional results we concluded that there is an expansion of, or improved activity of, antigen-experienced T cells against viral and alloantigens during DARZALEX IM (daratumumab) treatment. These data suggest that, unlike regulatory cell subsets, effector T cells do not need CD38 expression to properly function and expand.
- Tregs Regulatory T-cells
- FIG. 10A A subpopulation of peripheral Tregs (10% ⁇ 10%) expressed high levels of CD38 prior to Treg activation.
- Figure 10A top panel shows the frequency of the Tregs in the CD3 + CD4 + cell population (P4 cell population) at baseline.
- Figure 10A bottom panel shows the subset of Tregs expressing high CD38 (PS cell population).
- FIG. 10B The frequency of Tregs after DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) treatment is shown in Figure 10B, top panel (P4 cell population).
- Figure 10B, bottom panel shows that the CD38 hig!l Tregs (P5 cells) was the most significantly depleted Treg population after 1 st DARZALEXTM (daratumurnab) infusion.
- Figure IOC shows the % of CD38 hl8h Tregs from total CD3 " cells at baseline, week 1 , week 4, week 8, relapse, and 6 months after the end of treatment (EOT).
- CD38 + Tregs with DARZALEX lM (daratumurnab) treatment
- the suppressive capacity of CD38 f Tregs versus CD38 ⁇ Tregs on autologous CD3 1 T cells was assessed.
- CD38 + Tregs suppressed T-cell proliferation more robustly (9.9% cell proliferation observed) than CD38 " Tregs (53.2% cell proliferation observed) or the negative control (74.9% cell proliferation observed) ( Figure 10E).
- CD38 " granulocytic MDSCs (CDl lb + CD14 " HLA-DR " CD15 + CD33 + ) were generated in vitro from PBMCs isolated from patients at baseline and from patients who had received one infusion of DARZALEX lM (daratumurnab).
- Figure 11 shows the flow cytometry histogram of identified MDSCs ( Figure 11, top histogram, boxed cell population). Approximately half of the MDSCs expressed CD38 ( Figure 11, middle graph; circled P7 cell population). The CD38 hlgb MDSCs were nearly depleted in patients treated with DARZALEX 1 M (daratumurnab) ( Figure 11, bottom graph; circled P7 cell population).
- the CD38 high lineage nonspecific MDSCs were depleted with DARZALEXTM (daratumurnab) treatment over time in both non-responders and patients who have at least Minimal Repose to treatment.
- Figure 12 shows that the percentage of the CD38 iuga MDSCs was reduced to nearly 0% in patients at 1 w eek.. 4 weeks or 8 weeks of treatment.
- the CD38 mgh lineage nonspecific MDSCs returned to baseline after the end of treatment.
- FIG. 13 shows that the patients 2, 4, 15, 16 and 17 having the highest percentage of CD38 hlgh MDSC (as shown in Figure 1 1) and classified as patients with P or MR, had a Progression-Free Survival (PFS) of at least 8 months.
- the CD38 high lineage nonspecific MDSCs were also sensitive to DARZALEXTM (daratumumab)-induced ADCC in vitro.
- ADCC assays were performed using CD38 Msa MDSCs from two donors and Daudi cells as control target cells with effectontarget cell ratio of 50: 1.
- Figure 14 shows the results of the experiment from one donor.
- DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) induced lysis of MDSC cells.
- DARZALEX lM (daratumumab)-induced changes in T-cell populations and clonaiity.
- the percentage of MDSCs was between about 10%-37% and between about 10%- 27% of PBMCs in the analyzed samples from, the NSCLC and prostate cancer patients, respectively.
- CD38 expression was identified in 80-100% of Lin " CD14 HLADR "flow MDSCs from PBMCs from NSCLC patients and in 70-100% of MDSCs from PBMCs from prostate cancer patients.
- DARZALEX llvl (daratumumab)
- FIG. 16A shows the anti-viral response of one representative patient with VGPR.
- Figure 16B shows the anti-viral response of one representative patient with CR
- Figure 16C shows the anti-viral response of one representative patient with PD.
- Figure 16D shows the anti-viral response of one representative patient with MR.
- error bars represent standard error of the mean of duplicate cultures.
- NK ceils regulatory T-cells (Tregs), regulatory B-ceils (Bregs), and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)
- DARZALEX lM daratumumab
- Figure 17A shows a histogram of expression of CDS 8 in immune cells from a healthy donor
- Figure 17B shows a histogram of expression of CD38 in immune cells from a multiple myeloma patient.
- CDS 8 expression was highest on NK cells, followed by monocytes, B and T cells.
- CDS 8 expression was highest on plasma cells, followed by a subset of B cells, NK cells, monocytes, B -cells and T-cells.
- Figure 17C shows a comparison of the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD38 across NK cells, Tregs, Bregs, B- and T-cells cells from relapsed and refractory myeloma patients, demonstrating that after plasma ceils, NK cells expressed the highest levels of CDS 8, followed by regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and regulatory B-cells (Bregs).
- MFI mean fluorescent intensity
- CIPs complement inhibitory proteins
- CD59 NK cells express very low levels of CD59 and CD55, while other T and B cell populations express much higher levels. This could also contribute to the variability of DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) sensitivity across immune cell subtypes (data not shown). Discussion
- DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) through reduction of CD38 + immune suppressive cellular populations and concomitant induction of helper and cytotoxic T-cell expansion, production of IFN- ⁇ in response to viral peptides, and increased TCR clonality, indicating an improved adaptive immune response.
- MDSCs and Bregs express CD38 and were susceptible to DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) treatment. These cells are known to be present in the tumor niicroenvironment and contribute to tumor growth, immune evasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and production of suppressive cytokines. In addition to these CD38 + suppressive cellular subsets, a novel subpopulation of regulator ⁇ ' T cells
- CD38 1 immune-regulatory cells may reduce local immune suppression within the myeloma niicroenvironment and allow positive immune effector cells to expand and contribute to antitumor response.
- T-cell repertoire was examined in a subset of patients.
- the skew in T-cell clonality was greater in patients with a good clinical response, and was correlated with the increase in CD8 + T- cells, suggesting the observed T-cell expansion with DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment was antigen-driven.
- DARZALEX IM (daratumumab) caused a reduction in immune suppressive MDSC and regulator ⁇ - T- and B-cells. These reductions were concomitant with an expansion of CD4 + T-helper cells and CD8 + cytotoxic T-cells. T-cell clonality and functional anti-viral responses as measured by IFN- ⁇ production also increased with DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) treatment. These observations indicate that T-cells continued to function properly, despite low CD38 expression, and suggest that increased T-cell response may be due to depletion of regulator)' cells. Further, these changes in T- cell expansion, activity, and clonality were more pronounced in patients who responded to DARZALEX iM (daratumumab) compared with those who did not. Relapse from
- DARZALEXTM (daratumumab) therapy was associated with reversal of many of these changes. This suggests an additional, previously-uncharacterized mechanism of action of DARZALEX lM (daratumumab) through immunomodulation that may contribute to clinical responses and its efficacy.
- Antibodies that promote antitumor immune responses rather than targeting the cancer directly, have demonstrated efficacy in a range of settings.
- Antibodies inhibiting CTLA-4 and PD-1 promote T-cell expansion and enhance T-celi activation, resulting in prolonged survival and delayed disease recurrence in patients with advanced solid tumors and hematologic malignancies such as Hodgkin lymphoma.
- these immunomodulatorv' antibodies may not only induce clinical responses, but also prevent disease recurrence.
- Peripheral blood samples were collected in standard serum separator tubes (2.5 mL to 5 mL) and serum aliquots were shipped frozen SomaLogic, Inc (Boulder, CO) for miiitianalyte serum protein profiling.
- the serum protein profiling was performed at SomaLogic using a pre -validated SOMAscan assay that measures 1129 protein anaiytes by use of SOMAmer affinity based molecules.
- SOMAmer reagents are single stranded DNA -based protein affinity reagents. The assay uses small amounts of input sample (150 uL plasma) and converts the protein signal to a SOMAmer signal that is quantified by custom DNA microarray.
- Each SOMAmer contains 4 functional moieties:
- the unique protein recognition sequence uses DNA and incorporates chemically modified nucleotides that mimic amino acid side chains, expanding the diversity of standard aptamers and enhancing the specificity and affinity of protein-nucleic acid interactions (Gold et a!., PLoS One 5:el5004, 2010) .
- the aptamers are selected for by SELEX.
- SOMAmer reagents are selected using proteins in their native conformations. As such SOMAmer reagents require an intact, tertiary protein structures for binding.
- Master mixes of SOMAmer reagents are grouped for sample type and dilution.
- the reagents are pre-bound to streptavidin beads prior to sample incubation. Proteins in the samples are bound to the cognate SOMAmers during equilibrium, washed, incubated with NHS-biotin, washed and then the beads are exposed to UV light to cleave the photocleavable linker.
- the elution contains the SOMAmer reagents bound to their biotin labeled proteins.
- a streptavidin capture and subsequent washes removes the unbound SOMAmer reagents.
- the SOMAmer molecules are released from their cognate proteins through denaturing conditions.
- the final eluate is hybridized to custom Agilent DNA microarrays and the fluorophore from the SOMAmer molecules it quantified by relative fluorescent units (RFU).
- the RFU is proportional to the amount of protein in the sample.
- Samples from the MMY2002 study were tested in two primary batches.
- a first batch of 180 samples contained paired Cycle 1 Day 1 (ClDl, baseline) and C3D1 (Cycle 3 Dayl) serum samples from 90 subjects.
- the 180 samples were analyzed together on 3 separate SomaScan plates.
- the second batch of samples includes 50 ClDl samples, including 35 repeated samples from batch 1.
- responders are defined as subjects with an overall best response (per IRC, for MMY2002) of sCR, VGPR, and PR, stable disease (SD) subjects as a subject with minimal response (MR) or SD, and non-re sponders are defined as subjects with an o verall best response (per IRC, for MMY2002) of progressi ve disease (PD).
- IRC overall best response
- VGPR VGPR
- PR stable disease
- MR minimal response
- non-re sponders are defined as subjects with an o verall best response (per IRC, for MMY2002) of progressi ve disease (PD).
- SomaLogic's standard inter-plate calibration workflow by defining plate-wide calibration scaling factors for each SOM Amer by calculating the ratio of a Master-mix specific global reference value to the median of 7 in-plate control calibrator measurements.
- the plate - specific scaling factor for each SOMAmer reagent was applied to each sample on the plate equivalently.
- Baseline protein level MMY2002 data was used to build a response prediction classifier.
- SVM Support Vector Machines
- RF Random Forests
- NB Naive Bayes
- j48 decision trees For each learner, the training procedure began with creating 10 balanced folds of the dataset (outer loop). One of these folds was held out as a test cohort while the remaining 9 were passed to an inner loop as the training cohort. Within the inner loop, the training cohort was once again split into 10 balanced folds, creating inner-training and inner-test sets. Learners were trained on each of these inner-training sets and this process was repeated 30 times for each cohort within the outer loop.
- FIG. 18 shows protein expression profile of PD-L1 in responders, non-responders and in patients with stable disease at cycle 1 and cycle 3.
- PD-L1 engagement with its receptor PD-1 suppresses anti-tumor responses and drives T cell anergy and exhaustion. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, downregulation of PD-L1 upon CD38 treatment may also result in improved potentiation of anti-tumor immune responses in solid tumors.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FIEP16815351.8T FI3313441T3 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
EA201890131A EA037548B1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
MX2018000261A MX2018000261A (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38. |
CA2990620A CA2990620A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
CN201680048975.9A CN107921120A (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Solid tumor is adjusted and treated with the antibody mediated immunity of specific binding CD38 |
UAA201800631A UA124799C2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
AU2016281717A AU2016281717B2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind CD38 |
KR1020187001612A KR20180012864A (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immunostaining and treatment of solid tumors by antibodies specifically binding to CD38 |
BR112017027990-8A BR112017027990A2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind to cd38 |
JP2017566768A JP7041519B2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immunoregulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind CD38 |
MYPI2017704935A MY193727A (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
EP16815351.8A EP3313441B1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
TW105134914A TWI742008B (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2016-10-28 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
IL256248A IL256248A (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2017-12-11 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
PH12017502311A PH12017502311A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2017-12-14 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
CONC2017/0013332A CO2017013332A2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2017-12-22 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
ZA2018/00476A ZA201800476B (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2018-01-23 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
HK18114045.6A HK1254942A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2018-11-02 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
JP2022015442A JP2022070892A (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2022-02-03 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562184018P | 2015-06-24 | 2015-06-24 | |
US62/184,018 | 2015-06-24 | ||
US201562249546P | 2015-11-02 | 2015-11-02 | |
US62/249,546 | 2015-11-02 | ||
US201562250566P | 2015-11-04 | 2015-11-04 | |
US62/250,566 | 2015-11-04 | ||
US201562263307P | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | |
US62/263,307 | 2015-12-04 | ||
US201662331489P | 2016-05-04 | 2016-05-04 | |
US62/331,489 | 2016-05-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016210223A1 true WO2016210223A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
Family
ID=57586547
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2016/039165 WO2016210223A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 |
Country Status (27)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160376373A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3313441B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP7041519B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20180012864A (en) |
CN (1) | CN107921120A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2016281717B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112017027990A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2990620A1 (en) |
CL (2) | CL2017003275A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO2017013332A2 (en) |
DO (1) | DOP2017000305A (en) |
EA (1) | EA037548B1 (en) |
EC (1) | ECSP17084878A (en) |
FI (1) | FI3313441T3 (en) |
GT (1) | GT201700286A (en) |
HK (1) | HK1254942A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL256248A (en) |
MA (1) | MA42270A (en) |
MX (3) | MX2018000261A (en) |
MY (1) | MY193727A (en) |
NI (1) | NI201700170A (en) |
PE (1) | PE20181090A1 (en) |
PH (1) | PH12017502311A1 (en) |
SV (1) | SV2017005607A (en) |
UA (1) | UA124799C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016210223A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201800476B (en) |
Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109265551A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-25 | 华东师范大学 | CD38 antibody, Chimeric antigen receptor and drug |
EP3370768A4 (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2019-07-24 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Antibodies specifically binding pd-1 and their uses |
US10385135B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2019-08-20 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Subcutaneous formulations of anti-CD38 antibodies and their uses |
US10526417B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2020-01-07 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and CD38 |
WO2020012036A1 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-16 | Genmab A/S | Variants of cd38 antibody and uses thereof |
WO2020012038A1 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-16 | Genmab A/S | Trogocytosis-mediated therapy using cd38 antibodies |
JP2020503873A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2020-02-06 | ビオミューネクス・ファルマシューティカルBiomunex Pharmaceuticals | Polypeptide linkers for preparing multispecific antibodies |
US10556961B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2020-02-11 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-CD38 antibodies for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
JP2020505044A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2020-02-20 | サンガモ セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | B cell manipulation |
US10604580B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2020-03-31 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Combination therapies with anti-CD38 antibodies |
US10639368B2 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2020-05-05 | Agenus Inc. | Anti-TIM-3 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
US10668149B2 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2020-06-02 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Combination therapies for heme malignancies with anti-CD38 antibodies and survivin inhibitors |
JP2020523038A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2020-08-06 | ブラック ベルト セラピューティクス リミテッド | CD38 regulatory antibody |
US10766965B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2020-09-08 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-CD38 antibodies for treatment of light chain amyloidosis and other CD38-positive hematological malignancies |
US10781261B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2020-09-22 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Subcutaneous formulations of anti-CD38 antibodies and their uses |
US10793630B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2020-10-06 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-CD38 antibodies for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia |
US10800851B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2020-10-13 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Combination therapies with anti-CD38 antibodies |
US10858451B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2020-12-08 | Xencor, Inc. | Bispecific antibodies that bind to CD38 and CD3 |
US11021543B2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2021-06-01 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind CD38 |
WO2021144457A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-22 | Genmab A/S | Formulations of cd38 antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2022117572A2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 | Oncurious Nv | An ltbr agonist in combination therapy against cancer |
WO2022152823A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-21 | Morphosys Ag | Anti-cd38 antibodies and their uses |
WO2022184676A1 (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2022-09-09 | Morphosys Ag | Anti-cd38 antibodies for use in the treatment of antibody-mediated transplant rejection |
US11492407B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2022-11-08 | Xencor, Inc. | Bispecific checkpoint inhibitor antibodies |
US11542338B2 (en) | 2017-08-16 | 2023-01-03 | Black Belt Therapeutics Limited | CD38 modulating antibody |
US11591401B2 (en) | 2020-08-19 | 2023-02-28 | Xencor, Inc. | Anti-CD28 compositions |
US11618787B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2023-04-04 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods of treating high risk multiple myeloma |
US11623957B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2023-04-11 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and PSMA |
US11634506B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2023-04-25 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric proteins |
US11673972B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2023-06-13 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and tumor antigens |
US11718667B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2023-08-08 | Xencor, Inc. | Optimized antibody variable regions |
US11739144B2 (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2023-08-29 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and CLDN6 |
US11814423B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2023-11-14 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric proteins |
US11859012B2 (en) | 2021-03-10 | 2024-01-02 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and GPC3 |
US11919956B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2024-03-05 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and CD3 |
US11945880B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2024-04-02 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and tumor antigens |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SI2567976T1 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2017-11-30 | Genmab A/S | Antibodies against CD38 for treatment of multiple myeloma |
PT2580243T (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2020-01-22 | Genmab As | Antibodies against human cd38 |
EP3122173B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2021-03-31 | SCR Engineers Ltd | Livestock location system |
US11071279B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2021-07-27 | Intervet Inc. | Method and system for tracking health in animal populations |
US10986817B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2021-04-27 | Intervet Inc. | Method and system for tracking health in animal populations |
EP3434692A1 (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-30 | Encefa | Compounds which specifically binds to cd38 for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases |
SG11202010011RA (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2020-11-27 | Celldex Therapeutics Inc | Anti-cd27 and anti-pd-l1 antibodies and bispecific constructs |
US11832584B2 (en) | 2018-04-22 | 2023-12-05 | Vence, Corp. | Livestock management system and method |
EP3856784A4 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2022-10-19 | Musc Foundation for Research Development | Pharmaceutical combination for the treatment of cancer |
WO2020075174A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | Scr Engineers Ltd | Livestock dry off method and device |
US20200308297A1 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Clinically Proven Subcutaneous Pharmaceutical Compositions Comprising Anti-CD38 Antibodies and Their Uses |
USD990063S1 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-06-20 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Animal ear tag |
IL275518B (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2021-10-31 | Scr Eng Ltd | An animal tag |
USD990062S1 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-06-20 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Animal ear tag |
CN114805582B (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-10-04 | 上海恒润达生生物科技股份有限公司 | anti-Trop 2 nano antibody and application thereof |
Citations (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4683195A (en) | 1986-01-30 | 1987-07-28 | Cetus Corporation | Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or-cloning nucleic acid sequences |
WO1988001649A1 (en) | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-10 | Genex Corporation | Single polypeptide chain binding molecules |
WO1992001047A1 (en) | 1990-07-10 | 1992-01-23 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US5223409A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1993-06-29 | Protein Engineering Corp. | Directed evolution of novel binding proteins |
WO1994013804A1 (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1994-06-23 | Medical Research Council | Multivalent and multispecific binding proteins, their manufacture and use |
US5427908A (en) | 1990-05-01 | 1995-06-27 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Recombinant library screening methods |
WO1998044001A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-08 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | High avidity polyvalent and polyspecific reagents |
US5885793A (en) | 1991-12-02 | 1999-03-23 | Medical Research Council | Production of anti-self antibodies from antibody segment repertoires and displayed on phage |
US5932448A (en) | 1991-11-29 | 1999-08-03 | Protein Design Labs., Inc. | Bispecific antibody heterodimers |
US6172197B1 (en) | 1991-07-10 | 2001-01-09 | Medical Research Council | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US6737056B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2004-05-18 | Genentech, Inc. | Polypeptide variants with altered effector function |
WO2004078140A2 (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-16 | Halozyme, Inc. | SOLUBLE HYALURONIDASE GLYCOPROTEIN (sHASEGP), PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME, USES AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THEREOF |
US20040197332A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2004-10-07 | Axel Ullrich | Inhibitors of her3 activity |
US6833441B2 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2004-12-21 | Abmaxis, Inc. | Compositions and methods for generating chimeric heteromultimers |
WO2004111233A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-12-23 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing antibody |
WO2005103083A2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-11-03 | Morphosys Ag | Anti-cd38 human antibodies and uses therefor |
WO2006125640A2 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2006-11-30 | Morphosys Ag | Generation and profiling of fully human hucal gold®-derived therapeutic antibodies specific for human cd38 |
WO2007042309A2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-19 | Morphosys Ag | Generation and profiling of fully human hucal gold-derived therapeutic antibodies specific for human cd38 |
US20070287170A1 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-12-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Engineered heterodimeric protein domains |
US7332582B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2008-02-19 | Curetech Ltd. | Humanized immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of neoplastic disease or immunodeficiency |
WO2008047242A2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-24 | Sanofi-Aventis | Novel anti-cd38 antibodies for the treatment of cancer |
WO2008077546A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-03 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Antibodies against insulin-like growth factor i receptor and uses thereof |
WO2008119353A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Genmab A/S | Bispecific antibodies and methods for production thereof |
WO2009085462A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-07-09 | Centocor, Inc. | Design and generation of human de novo pix phage display libraries via fusion to pix or pvii, vectors, antibodies and methods |
US20090182127A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2009-07-16 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Production of Bispecific Antibodies |
WO2009134776A2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2009-11-05 | Abbott Laboratories | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
US20100015133A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2010-01-21 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Methods for Producing Polypeptides by Regulating Polypeptide Association |
WO2010019570A2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-18 | Medarex, Inc. | Human antibodies that bind lymphocyte activation gene-3 (lag-3), and uses thereof |
US7695936B2 (en) | 1995-03-01 | 2010-04-13 | Genentech, Inc. | Knobs and holes heteromeric polypeptides |
US7829693B2 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2010-11-09 | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of a target gene |
US20100286374A1 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2010-11-11 | Gunasekaran Kannan | Method for making antibody fc-heterodimeric molecules using electrostatic steering effects |
US20110123532A1 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2011-05-26 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method for Making Heteromultimeric Molecules |
US8008449B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2011-08-30 | Medarex, Inc. | Human monoclonal antibodies to programmed death 1 (PD-1) and methods for treating cancer using anti-PD-1 antibodies alone or in combination with other immunotherapeutics |
WO2011131746A2 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-27 | Genmab A/S | Heterodimeric antibody fc-containing proteins and methods for production thereof |
WO2011143545A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Rinat Neuroscience Corporation | Heterodimeric proteins and methods for producing and purifying them |
WO2012022811A1 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | Leadartis, S.L. | Engineering multifunctional and multivalent molecules with collagen xv trimerization domain |
US20120149876A1 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-06-14 | Zymeworks Inc. | Stable Heterodimeric Antibody Design with Mutations in the Fc Domain |
WO2012092612A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-05 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Anti-cd38 antibodies |
US8217149B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2012-07-10 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-PD-L1 antibodies, compositions and articles of manufacture |
US8354509B2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2013-01-15 | Msd Oss B.V. | Antibodies to human programmed death receptor PD-1 |
US8552154B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2013-10-08 | Emory University | Anti-PD-L1 antibodies and uses therefor |
WO2014017966A1 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2014-01-30 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Apparatus and method for dynamically selecting a random access response window value for use with random access procedures in a network |
US20140044738A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2014-02-13 | Amplimmune, Inc. | Antibodies And Other Molecules That Bind B7-H1 And PD-1 |
US20140099254A1 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-04-10 | Ibc Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Combination therapy for inducing immune response to disease |
US8779108B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2014-07-15 | Medimmune, Limited | Targeted binding agents against B7-H1 |
WO2014178820A1 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-06 | Teva Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd. | Anti-cd38 antibodies and fusions to attenuated interferon alpha-2b |
US20140356318A1 (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-04 | Israel Barken | Adoptive cell therapy with specific regulatory lymphocytes |
US20140356363A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. | Antigen Binding Proteins that Bind PD-1 |
WO2015009726A2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Medical uses of cd38 agonists |
US20150125447A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-07 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Pharmaceutical combinations comprising cd33 antibodies and de-methylating agents |
US20150246123A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Combination Therapies with Anti-CD38 Antibodies |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SI2567976T1 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2017-11-30 | Genmab A/S | Antibodies against CD38 for treatment of multiple myeloma |
WO2008073160A2 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2008-06-19 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Methods for converting or inducing protective immunity |
PL2081595T3 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2019-11-29 | Genmab As | Anti-cd38 plus corticosteroids plus a non-corticosteroid chemotherapeutic for treating tumors |
PT2580243T (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2020-01-22 | Genmab As | Antibodies against human cd38 |
US9856320B2 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2018-01-02 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Cancer immunotherapy by disrupting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling |
WO2014068114A1 (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-08 | Morphosys Ag | Radiolabelled antibody and uses thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-06-24 MX MX2018000261A patent/MX2018000261A/en unknown
- 2016-06-24 CA CA2990620A patent/CA2990620A1/en active Pending
- 2016-06-24 CN CN201680048975.9A patent/CN107921120A/en active Pending
- 2016-06-24 US US15/191,808 patent/US20160376373A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-06-24 WO PCT/US2016/039165 patent/WO2016210223A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-06-24 AU AU2016281717A patent/AU2016281717B2/en active Active
- 2016-06-24 UA UAA201800631A patent/UA124799C2/en unknown
- 2016-06-24 PE PE2017002833A patent/PE20181090A1/en unknown
- 2016-06-24 MA MA042270A patent/MA42270A/en unknown
- 2016-06-24 KR KR1020187001612A patent/KR20180012864A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-06-24 EP EP16815351.8A patent/EP3313441B1/en active Active
- 2016-06-24 FI FIEP16815351.8T patent/FI3313441T3/en active
- 2016-06-24 EA EA201890131A patent/EA037548B1/en unknown
- 2016-06-24 MY MYPI2017704935A patent/MY193727A/en unknown
- 2016-06-24 JP JP2017566768A patent/JP7041519B2/en active Active
- 2016-06-24 BR BR112017027990-8A patent/BR112017027990A2/en active Search and Examination
-
2017
- 2017-12-11 IL IL256248A patent/IL256248A/en unknown
- 2017-12-14 PH PH12017502311A patent/PH12017502311A1/en unknown
- 2017-12-19 CL CL2017003275A patent/CL2017003275A1/en unknown
- 2017-12-20 NI NI201700170A patent/NI201700170A/en unknown
- 2017-12-21 DO DO2017000305A patent/DOP2017000305A/en unknown
- 2017-12-22 CO CONC2017/0013332A patent/CO2017013332A2/en unknown
- 2017-12-22 SV SV2017005607A patent/SV2017005607A/en unknown
- 2017-12-26 GT GT201700286A patent/GT201700286A/en unknown
- 2017-12-26 EC ECIEPI201784878A patent/ECSP17084878A/en unknown
-
2018
- 2018-01-08 MX MX2021012133A patent/MX2021012133A/en unknown
- 2018-01-08 MX MX2021012134A patent/MX2021012134A/en unknown
- 2018-01-23 ZA ZA2018/00476A patent/ZA201800476B/en unknown
- 2018-11-02 HK HK18114045.6A patent/HK1254942A1/en unknown
-
2019
- 2019-12-13 CL CL2019003657A patent/CL2019003657A1/en unknown
-
2022
- 2022-02-03 JP JP2022015442A patent/JP2022070892A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4683195B1 (en) | 1986-01-30 | 1990-11-27 | Cetus Corp | |
US4683195A (en) | 1986-01-30 | 1987-07-28 | Cetus Corporation | Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or-cloning nucleic acid sequences |
WO1988001649A1 (en) | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-10 | Genex Corporation | Single polypeptide chain binding molecules |
US5223409A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1993-06-29 | Protein Engineering Corp. | Directed evolution of novel binding proteins |
US5403484A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1995-04-04 | Protein Engineering Corporation | Viruses expressing chimeric binding proteins |
US5571698A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1996-11-05 | Protein Engineering Corporation | Directed evolution of novel binding proteins |
US5427908A (en) | 1990-05-01 | 1995-06-27 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Recombinant library screening methods |
US5580717A (en) | 1990-05-01 | 1996-12-03 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Recombinant library screening methods |
WO1992001047A1 (en) | 1990-07-10 | 1992-01-23 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US5969108A (en) | 1990-07-10 | 1999-10-19 | Medical Research Council | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US6172197B1 (en) | 1991-07-10 | 2001-01-09 | Medical Research Council | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US5932448A (en) | 1991-11-29 | 1999-08-03 | Protein Design Labs., Inc. | Bispecific antibody heterodimers |
US6521404B1 (en) | 1991-12-02 | 2003-02-18 | Medical Research Council | Production of anti-self antibodies from antibody segment repertoires and displayed on phage |
US5885793A (en) | 1991-12-02 | 1999-03-23 | Medical Research Council | Production of anti-self antibodies from antibody segment repertoires and displayed on phage |
US6544731B1 (en) | 1991-12-02 | 2003-04-08 | Medical Research Council | Production of anti-self antibodies from antibody segment repertories and displayed on phage |
US6555313B1 (en) | 1991-12-02 | 2003-04-29 | Medical Research Council | Production of anti-self antibodies from antibody segment repertoires and displayed on phage |
US6582915B1 (en) | 1991-12-02 | 2003-06-24 | Medical Research Council | Production of anti-self bodies from antibody segment repertories and displayed on phage |
US6593081B1 (en) | 1991-12-02 | 2003-07-15 | Medical Research Council | Production of anti-self antibodies from antibody segment repertoires and displayed on phage |
WO1994013804A1 (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1994-06-23 | Medical Research Council | Multivalent and multispecific binding proteins, their manufacture and use |
US7695936B2 (en) | 1995-03-01 | 2010-04-13 | Genentech, Inc. | Knobs and holes heteromeric polypeptides |
WO1998044001A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-08 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | High avidity polyvalent and polyspecific reagents |
US6737056B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2004-05-18 | Genentech, Inc. | Polypeptide variants with altered effector function |
US7829693B2 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2010-11-09 | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of a target gene |
US6833441B2 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2004-12-21 | Abmaxis, Inc. | Compositions and methods for generating chimeric heteromultimers |
US20040197332A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2004-10-07 | Axel Ullrich | Inhibitors of her3 activity |
US7332582B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2008-02-19 | Curetech Ltd. | Humanized immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of neoplastic disease or immunodeficiency |
WO2004078140A2 (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-16 | Halozyme, Inc. | SOLUBLE HYALURONIDASE GLYCOPROTEIN (sHASEGP), PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME, USES AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THEREOF |
WO2004111233A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-12-23 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing antibody |
WO2005103083A2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-11-03 | Morphosys Ag | Anti-cd38 human antibodies and uses therefor |
US20100015133A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2010-01-21 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Methods for Producing Polypeptides by Regulating Polypeptide Association |
US8008449B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2011-08-30 | Medarex, Inc. | Human monoclonal antibodies to programmed death 1 (PD-1) and methods for treating cancer using anti-PD-1 antibodies alone or in combination with other immunotherapeutics |
US8779105B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2014-07-15 | Medarex, L.L.C. | Monoclonal antibodies to programmed death 1 (PD-1) |
WO2006125640A2 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2006-11-30 | Morphosys Ag | Generation and profiling of fully human hucal gold®-derived therapeutic antibodies specific for human cd38 |
WO2007042309A2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-19 | Morphosys Ag | Generation and profiling of fully human hucal gold-derived therapeutic antibodies specific for human cd38 |
US8088896B2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2012-01-03 | Morphosys Ag | Generation and profiling of fully human gold-derived therapeutic antibodies specific for human CD38 |
US20070287170A1 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-12-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Engineered heterodimeric protein domains |
US20090182127A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2009-07-16 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Production of Bispecific Antibodies |
US8153765B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2012-04-10 | Sanof Aventis | Anti-CD38 antibodies for the treatment of cancer |
WO2008047242A2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-24 | Sanofi-Aventis | Novel anti-cd38 antibodies for the treatment of cancer |
WO2008077546A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-03 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Antibodies against insulin-like growth factor i receptor and uses thereof |
WO2008119353A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Genmab A/S | Bispecific antibodies and methods for production thereof |
US8354509B2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2013-01-15 | Msd Oss B.V. | Antibodies to human programmed death receptor PD-1 |
WO2009085462A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-07-09 | Centocor, Inc. | Design and generation of human de novo pix phage display libraries via fusion to pix or pvii, vectors, antibodies and methods |
US20100286374A1 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2010-11-11 | Gunasekaran Kannan | Method for making antibody fc-heterodimeric molecules using electrostatic steering effects |
WO2009134776A2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2009-11-05 | Abbott Laboratories | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
WO2010019570A2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-18 | Medarex, Inc. | Human antibodies that bind lymphocyte activation gene-3 (lag-3), and uses thereof |
US8552154B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2013-10-08 | Emory University | Anti-PD-L1 antibodies and uses therefor |
US8217149B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2012-07-10 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-PD-L1 antibodies, compositions and articles of manufacture |
US20110123532A1 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2011-05-26 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method for Making Heteromultimeric Molecules |
US8779108B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2014-07-15 | Medimmune, Limited | Targeted binding agents against B7-H1 |
WO2011131746A2 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-27 | Genmab A/S | Heterodimeric antibody fc-containing proteins and methods for production thereof |
WO2011143545A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Rinat Neuroscience Corporation | Heterodimeric proteins and methods for producing and purifying them |
WO2012022811A1 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | Leadartis, S.L. | Engineering multifunctional and multivalent molecules with collagen xv trimerization domain |
US20120149876A1 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-06-14 | Zymeworks Inc. | Stable Heterodimeric Antibody Design with Mutations in the Fc Domain |
WO2012092612A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-05 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Anti-cd38 antibodies |
US20140044738A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2014-02-13 | Amplimmune, Inc. | Antibodies And Other Molecules That Bind B7-H1 And PD-1 |
WO2014017966A1 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2014-01-30 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Apparatus and method for dynamically selecting a random access response window value for use with random access procedures in a network |
US20140099254A1 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-04-10 | Ibc Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Combination therapy for inducing immune response to disease |
WO2014178820A1 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-06 | Teva Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd. | Anti-cd38 antibodies and fusions to attenuated interferon alpha-2b |
US20140356318A1 (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-04 | Israel Barken | Adoptive cell therapy with specific regulatory lymphocytes |
US20140356363A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. | Antigen Binding Proteins that Bind PD-1 |
WO2015009726A2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Medical uses of cd38 agonists |
US20150125447A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-07 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Pharmaceutical combinations comprising cd33 antibodies and de-methylating agents |
US20150246123A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Combination Therapies with Anti-CD38 Antibodies |
Non-Patent Citations (57)
Title |
---|
"Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", 2006, LIPINCOTT WILLIAMS AND WILKINS, article "Pharmaceutical Manufacturing", pages: 691 - 1092,958-989 |
AL-LAZIKANI ET AL., J MOL BIOL, vol. 273, 1997, pages 927 - 48 |
ALMAGRO, MOL RECOGNIT, vol. 17, 2004, pages 132 - 43 |
BACHIREDDY ET AL.: "Haematological Malignancies: at the Forefront of Immunotherapeutic Innovation", NATURE REVIEWS CANCER, vol. 15, 1 April 2015 (2015-04-01), pages 201 - 215, XP055341031 * |
BATES ET AL.: "lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4", JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE, 2014, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://arxivorg/abs/1406.58231> |
BENJAMINIHOCHBERG, J. R. STATIST. SOC. B., vol. 57, 1995, pages 289 - 300 |
BENJAMINIHOCHBERG, J.R. STATIST. SOC. B., vol. 57, 1995, pages 289 - 300 |
CHAMBERS ET AL.: "Analysis of variance; designed experiments", 1992, WADSWORTH & BROOKES/COLE, article "Statistical Models" |
CHILLEMI ET AL., MOLECULAR MEDICINE, vol. 19, no. 1, 2013, pages 99 - 108 |
CHOTHIALESK, MOL BIOL, vol. 196, 1987, pages 901 - 17 |
DE WEERS ET AL., J LMMUNOL, vol. 186, no. 3, 2011, pages 1840 - 1848 |
DEWITT ET AL., J. VIROL., 2015 |
DIAZ-MONTERO ET AL., CANCER IMMUNOL IMMUNOTHER, vol. 58, 2009, pages 49 - 59 |
DING ET AL., HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 76, 2015, pages 615 - 621 |
FERRARA ET AL., BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, vol. 93, 2006, pages 851 - 861 |
FERRARA ET AL., JBIOL CHEM, vol. 281, 2006, pages 5032 - 5036 |
GORGUN ET AL., BLOOD, vol. 121, 2013, pages 2975 - 87 |
HOLLANDERWOLFE: "Ninparametirc Statistical Methods", 1973, JOHN WILEY & SONS, pages: 27 - 33 |
HOOGENBOOMWINTER, J MOL BIOL, vol. 222, 1991, pages 581 |
JOHNSON ET AL., BIOSTATISTICS, vol. 8, no. 1, 2007, pages 118 - 127 |
KNAPPIK ET AL., J MOL BIOL, vol. 296, 2000, pages 57 - 86 |
KNAPPIK ET AL., JMOL BIOL, vol. 296, 2000, pages 57 - 86 |
KO ET AL., CLIN CANCER RES, vol. 15, 2009, pages 2148 - 2157 |
KONNO ET AL., CYTOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 64, 2012, pages 249 - 65 |
KREBS ET AL., J IMMUNOL METH, vol. 254, 2001, pages 67 - 84 |
LEFRANC ET AL., DEV COMPARAT IMMUNOL, vol. 27, 2003, pages 55 - 77 |
LEFRANC ET AL., DEV COMPARATLMMUNOL, vol. 27, 2003, pages 55 - 77 |
LEPENIES ET AL., ENDOCR METAB IMMUNE DISORD DRUG TARGETS, vol. 8, 2008, pages 279 - 288 |
LIU ET AL., J CANCER RES CLIN ONCOL, vol. 136, 2009, pages 35 - 45 |
LOKHORST ET AL., N ENG J MED, vol. 373, 2005, pages 1207 - 19 |
LUTZ ET AL.: "Statistical model to estimate a threshold dose and its confidence limits for the analysis of sublinear dose-response relationships, exemplified for mutagenicity data", MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS, vol. 678, no. 2, 2009, pages 118 - 122, XP026565557, DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.05.010 |
M DE WEERS ET AL., THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 186, no. 3, 27 December 2010 (2010-12-27), pages 1840 - 1848 |
MAATTA ET AL., MOL BIOL CELL, vol. 17, 2006, pages 67 - 79 |
MACLENNAN ET AL., ACTA PHYSIOL SCAND SUPPL, vol. 643, 1998, pages 55 - 67 |
MANDRUZZATO ET AL., JLMMUNOL, vol. 182, 2009, pages 5693 - 5701 |
MORI ET AL., BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, vol. 88, 2004, pages 901 - 908 |
MORSE ET AL., EXPERT OPIN BIOL THER, vol. 9, 2009, pages 331 - 339 |
NAJJAR ET AL.: "Abstract P227: Accumulation of MDSC Subsets in Renal Cell Carcinoma Correlates with Grade and Progression Free Survival, and is Associated with Intratumoral Expression of IL -1 b, IL -8 and CXCL5", JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER, vol. 2, 6 November 2014 (2014-11-06), pages 110 - 112, XP021202495 * |
OLIVIER ET AL., MABS, vol. 2, no. 4, 2010 |
R: A LANGUAGE AND ENVIRONMENT FOR STATISTICAL COMPUTING, R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM, R FOUNDATION FOR STATISTICAL COMPUTING, 2011, ISBN: 3-900051-07-0, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http//wwwR-projectorg> |
RITCHIE, M.E. ET AL., NUCLEIC ACIDS RES., vol. 20, no. 7, 2015, pages e47 |
ROYSTON: "Remark AS R94: A remark on Algorithm AS 181: The W test for normality", APPLIED STATISTICS, vol. 44, 1995, pages 547 - 551 |
SASAK ET AL., ADV BIOPHYS, vol. 35, 1998, pages 1 - 24 |
SHEETS ET AL., PITAS (USA), vol. 95, 1998, pages 6157 - 6162 |
SHI ET AL., J MOL BIOL, vol. 397, 2010, pages 385 - 96 |
SHI ET AL., JMOL BIOL, vol. 397, 2010, pages 385 - 96 |
SHIELDS ET AL., JBIOL CHEM, vol. 277, 2002, pages 26733 - 26740 |
SHINKAWA ET AL., JBIOL CHEM, vol. 278, 2003, pages 3466 - 3473 |
SWAIKA ET AL., MOL IMMUNOL, 2015 |
VAUGHAN ET AL., NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 14, 1996, pages 309 - 314 |
WANG ET AL., J EXP MED, vol. 208, no. 3, 7 March 2011 (2011-03-07), pages 577 - 92 |
WARD ET AL., NATURE, vol. 341, 1989, pages 544 - 6 |
WEERS ET AL., J IMMUNOL, vol. 186, no. 3, 2011, pages 1840 - 1848 |
WIEMANN ET AL.: "Medical Oncology", 1985, MCMILLAN PUBLISHING |
WUKABAT, J EXP MED, vol. 132, 1970, pages 211 - 50 |
XHOU ET AL., BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, vol. 99, 2008, pages 652 - 65 |
YE ET AL.: "Abstract P240: Treg Increases HepG2 Cell Growth by RANK-RANKL pathway", JOUMAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER, vol. 2, 6 November 2014 (2014-11-06), pages 115 - 117, XP021202508 * |
Cited By (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11634506B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2023-04-25 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric proteins |
US11718667B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2023-08-08 | Xencor, Inc. | Optimized antibody variable regions |
US11814423B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2023-11-14 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric proteins |
US11713355B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2023-08-01 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-CD38 antibodies for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
US10800851B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2020-10-13 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Combination therapies with anti-CD38 antibodies |
US10556961B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2020-02-11 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-CD38 antibodies for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
US10858451B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2020-12-08 | Xencor, Inc. | Bispecific antibodies that bind to CD38 and CD3 |
US11840579B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2023-12-12 | Xencor, Inc. | Bispecific antibodies that bind to CD38 and CD3 |
US10604580B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2020-03-31 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Combination therapies with anti-CD38 antibodies |
US11673972B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2023-06-13 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and tumor antigens |
US11945880B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2024-04-02 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and tumor antigens |
US11352442B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2022-06-07 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and CD38 |
US11859011B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2024-01-02 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and tumor antigens |
US10526417B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2020-01-07 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and CD38 |
US10793630B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2020-10-06 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-CD38 antibodies for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia |
US10766965B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2020-09-08 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-CD38 antibodies for treatment of light chain amyloidosis and other CD38-positive hematological malignancies |
US10668149B2 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2020-06-02 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Combination therapies for heme malignancies with anti-CD38 antibodies and survivin inhibitors |
US11021543B2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2021-06-01 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind CD38 |
US10781261B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2020-09-22 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Subcutaneous formulations of anti-CD38 antibodies and their uses |
US11708419B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-07-25 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Subcutaneous formulations of anti-CD38 antibodies and their uses |
US10894830B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2021-01-19 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Antibodies specifically binding PD-1, TIM-3 or PD-1 and TIM-3 and their uses |
EP3370768A4 (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2019-07-24 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Antibodies specifically binding pd-1 and their uses |
US10385135B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2019-08-20 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Subcutaneous formulations of anti-CD38 antibodies and their uses |
US11566079B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-01-31 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Subcutaneous formulations of anti-CD38 antibodies and their uses |
US11732051B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-08-22 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Subcutaneous formulations of anti-CD38 antibodies and their uses |
US11708420B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-07-25 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Subcutaneous formulations of anti-CD38 antibodies and their uses |
EP4046655A1 (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2022-08-24 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Antibodies specifically binding pd-1 and their uses |
US11623957B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2023-04-11 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and PSMA |
US11839653B2 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2023-12-12 | Agenus Inc. | Anti-TIM-3 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
US10639368B2 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2020-05-05 | Agenus Inc. | Anti-TIM-3 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
US10912828B2 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2021-02-09 | Agenus Inc. | Anti-TIM-3 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
US11492407B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2022-11-08 | Xencor, Inc. | Bispecific checkpoint inhibitor antibodies |
JP2020503873A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2020-02-06 | ビオミューネクス・ファルマシューティカルBiomunex Pharmaceuticals | Polypeptide linkers for preparing multispecific antibodies |
JP2020505044A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2020-02-20 | サンガモ セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | B cell manipulation |
JP2020523038A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2020-08-06 | ブラック ベルト セラピューティクス リミテッド | CD38 regulatory antibody |
US11780930B2 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2023-10-10 | Black Belt Therapeutics Limited | CD38 modulating antibody |
US11542338B2 (en) | 2017-08-16 | 2023-01-03 | Black Belt Therapeutics Limited | CD38 modulating antibody |
US11618787B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2023-04-04 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods of treating high risk multiple myeloma |
JP2021524276A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-09-13 | ゲンマブ エー/エス | CD38 antibody variant and its use |
WO2020012038A1 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-16 | Genmab A/S | Trogocytosis-mediated therapy using cd38 antibodies |
WO2020012036A1 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-16 | Genmab A/S | Variants of cd38 antibody and uses thereof |
JP2021526845A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-10-11 | ゲンマブ エー/エス | Treatment via trogocytosis with CD38 antibody |
CN109265551A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-25 | 华东师范大学 | CD38 antibody, Chimeric antigen receptor and drug |
WO2021144457A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-22 | Genmab A/S | Formulations of cd38 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11919956B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2024-03-05 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and CD3 |
US11591401B2 (en) | 2020-08-19 | 2023-02-28 | Xencor, Inc. | Anti-CD28 compositions |
US11919958B2 (en) | 2020-08-19 | 2024-03-05 | Xencor, Inc. | Anti-CD28 compositions |
WO2022117572A2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 | Oncurious Nv | An ltbr agonist in combination therapy against cancer |
WO2022152823A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-21 | Morphosys Ag | Anti-cd38 antibodies and their uses |
WO2022184676A1 (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2022-09-09 | Morphosys Ag | Anti-cd38 antibodies for use in the treatment of antibody-mediated transplant rejection |
US11739144B2 (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2023-08-29 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and CLDN6 |
US11859012B2 (en) | 2021-03-10 | 2024-01-02 | Xencor, Inc. | Heterodimeric antibodies that bind CD3 and GPC3 |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2016281717B2 (en) | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind CD38 | |
US20210403592A1 (en) | Immune Modulation and Treatment of Solid Tumors with Antibodies that Specifically Bind CD38 | |
CN107530428B (en) | Antibodies to ICOS | |
EP3191187B1 (en) | Combination therapies with anti-cd38 antibodies | |
JP2022518925A (en) | Receptor Tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) -specific antibody and chimeric antigen receptor | |
JP2020522489A (en) | Articles of manufacture and methods for treatment with adoptive cell therapy | |
JP2021501605A (en) | Antibodies and chimeric antigen receptors specific for B cell maturation antigens | |
TWI751397B (en) | Anti-lag-3 antibodies and uses thereof | |
KR20160099092A (en) | Combination therapy comprising ox40 binding agonists and pd-1 axis binding antagonists | |
JP2018525367A (en) | Combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-M-CSF antibody in cancer treatment | |
EP3494142A1 (en) | Anti-siglec-7 antibodies for the treatment of cancer | |
WO2021247591A1 (en) | Antibodies to tigit | |
KR102416144B1 (en) | Methods of Predicting Therapeutic Benefit of Anti-CD19 Therapy in Patients | |
TWI742008B (en) | Immune modulation and treatment of solid tumors with antibodies that specifically bind cd38 | |
CN111108123A (en) | Cancer-related immunosuppressive inhibitors | |
KR20190034238A (en) | Antibodies and their uses for targeting tumor-associated macrophages | |
KR20220007087A (en) | Anti-CD19 therapeutics in patients with limited numbers of NK cells | |
EP3800201A1 (en) | Cd28h stimulation enhances nk cell killing activities | |
KR20220030956A (en) | Hematological cancer treatment by PD-1/CD3 bispecific protein | |
RU2805232C2 (en) | Cancer-related immunosuppression inhibitor | |
Zahavi | Antibody Depdendent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) Selection Pressure Induces Diverse and Reversible Mechanisms of Resistance | |
CN117916266A (en) | Antibodies for the treatment of AML |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16815351 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11201710371P Country of ref document: SG |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12017502311 Country of ref document: PH |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: CR2017-000589 Country of ref document: CR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2017-000170 I Country of ref document: NI |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2990620 Country of ref document: CA |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017566768 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 122021023756 Country of ref document: BR Ref document number: NC2017/0013332 Country of ref document: CO |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 002833-2017 Country of ref document: PE |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: MX/A/2018/000261 Country of ref document: MX |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20187001612 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016281717 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20160624 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: A201800631 Country of ref document: UA Ref document number: 201890131 Country of ref document: EA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2016815351 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112017027990 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112017027990 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20171222 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: P-2024/0308 Country of ref document: RS |