WO2016206656A1 - Procédé de culture intensive de plantes dans une unité de production - Google Patents

Procédé de culture intensive de plantes dans une unité de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016206656A1
WO2016206656A1 PCT/CZ2016/000064 CZ2016000064W WO2016206656A1 WO 2016206656 A1 WO2016206656 A1 WO 2016206656A1 CZ 2016000064 W CZ2016000064 W CZ 2016000064W WO 2016206656 A1 WO2016206656 A1 WO 2016206656A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plants
production unit
wastewater treatment
growing
production
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2016/000064
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English (en)
Inventor
Ivan Bidenko
Original Assignee
ENVIRONMENT COMMERCE s.r.o.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ENVIRONMENT COMMERCE s.r.o. filed Critical ENVIRONMENT COMMERCE s.r.o.
Publication of WO2016206656A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016206656A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/18—Greenhouses for treating plants with carbon dioxide or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/02—Treatment of plants with carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of intensive plant cultivation in a production unit connected to a waste water treatment system.
  • MBR membrane biological reactors
  • Wastewater treatment is also a source of greenhouse gases and odours, and it also produces large quantities of waste sludge. Their liquidation continues to require additional resources, which makes the operation more expensive, and generated greenhouse gases are the subject of deteriorating climatic conditions in the world.
  • biotechnological methods for wastewater treatment which takes place in an integral biotechnology reactor complemented with an intensive production unit for growing plants, flowers, crops, etc.
  • the subject of the invention is that the production unit is connected to an integral
  • biotechnology reactor for wastewater treatment to accelerate the photosynthesis of plants, synergically using carbon dioxide (CO2) generated during biotechnological degradation of pollutants, and simultaneously using oxygen (O2) released by the photosynthesis of plants. It forces it as compressed air with a higher content of oxygen (O2), from the inner space of the greenhouse where the production unit is situated, back to the operational space of the reactor, thereby increasing the biological activity of micro-organisms involved in the biological wastewater treatment.
  • it uses the wastewater waste heat which is taken from the purified water using heat pumps, and then it is used for heating the greenhouse space above the biotechnology reactor.
  • Heat pumps for the accumulation of electricity produced by photovoltaic panels are powered by a battery.
  • the greenhouse space and the production unit are advantageously illuminated with LED light sources in the day or night operation according to the requirements for the production of plants. Sludge from purified wastewater may be used as a source of ions and fertilizers for growing plants.
  • the production unit includes a vertical system of hydroponic or aeroponic growing of crops in mobile or stationary shelves.
  • This invention advantageously uses carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) generated in the purification process to accelerate the photosynthesis of plants. It simultaneously uses heat from wastewater which is drawn from the purified water using heat pumps, and then uses it for heating the greenhouse space above the wastewater treatment plant.
  • This combined production unit enables, using photovoltaic cells and appropriately selected batteries, a sufficient lighting level with LED lamps also in a night operation and, in particular, it uses the moisture from the space above the wastewater treatment plant and treated sewage sludge (as fertilisers) and water for irrigation, thus achieving significantly better cultivation results with better economic efficiency.
  • the invention enables the synergic use of CO2 generated in biotechnological decomposition of contaminants to enhance the photosynthesis and also the use of oxygen released by the photosynthesis of plants to the greenhouse space from, where with blowers, it is blown back into the aeration distribution system of the wastewater treatment plant as compressed air with a higher oxygen content. It was demonstrated that increase of oxygen partial pressure in activation systems increases the biological activity of micro-organisms involved in biological water purification. It has a positive impact on the economy of wastewater treatment plant operation, but especially minimises the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the system as a whole with dependence reduction of plant and crop production in climatic conditions and seasonal variations. Heating of the greenhouse space with the use of low-potential heat from the purified water and a heat pump exchanger reduces the cost of crop production and increases the solubility of O 2 in purified water (lower the temperature means higher solubility of O2 in water).
  • the main objective is to take advantage of the synergism of decomposition of organic matter contained in water when CO2 is generated and this CO2 is returned by plants and
  • photosynthetic processes as O2 to strengthen the process of water purification. It also uses waste low potential heat of water, sunlight and photovoltaic cells and batteries, as well as treated water for irrigation and sewage sludge as fertilisers and a source of ions. This reduces waste, the cost of water treatment and the production of fresh food, and, in particular, it reduces the so-called carbon footprint for transport.
  • the food reaches the customer always fresh and always with high nutritional and vitamin value without freezing and dependence on distant traffic, which is a big problem especially in the Scandinavian countries and in winter conditions. There the production is literally "across the street” and harvested a few hours before consumption, without dependence on climatic conditions of the region.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 show an overall view of the combined wastewater treatment system
  • FIG. 3 shows the interior of the system with exchange of C0 2 and 0 2 between the production unit and the wastewater treatment plant.
  • Fig. 4 - 6 show the production unit with a vertical system of crops growing.
  • Fig. 7 and 8 show a view of the wastewater treatment plant combined system with a production unit, with a photovoltaic power system.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the basic conventional systems of hydroponic crop growing.
  • Fig. 10 shows examples of mobile vertical plant growing systems, fig. 11 shows stationary plant growing systems.
  • Fig. 12 shows a schematic arrangement of the production unit for growing crops with examples of the crops.
  • Arrangement of the wastewater treatment system and its use in agriculture production involve a combination of highly effective biotechnological methods for wastewater treatment, which take place in the integral biotechnology reactor.
  • the system is supplemented with and intensive production unit for growing plants, flowers, crops etc.
  • This unit advantageously uses CO2 generated in purification processes to accelerate the photosynthesis of plants, uses heat from waste water which is taken from the purified water using heat pumps, and then it is used for heating the greenhouse space above the wastewater treatment plant.
  • This combined unit enables, using photovoltaic cells and appropriately selected batteries, a sufficient lighting level with LED lamps also in a night operation and, in particular, it uses the moisture from the space above the wastewater treatment plant and treated sewage sludge as fertilisers and water for irrigation, thus achieving significantly better cultivation results with better economic efficiency.
  • the wastewater treatment method with an advantageous structure of vertical farming whose goal is to implement a strategy of a profitable, self-sustaining system in the management of wastewater treatment.
  • the system provides local, fresh crops for urban population as an alternative to the current model of the globalised model based on food delivery.
  • the main output of the system consists of crops sold on the local market.
  • the vertical farming method is known to produce more food in any climatic conditions with high quality and in sufficient quantity. This method is based on growing food in halls and towers, and it can grow up to 100 times more food than conventional farming in the same area.
  • the system uses vertical rack stacking and it can be built at any location, regardless of the climatic conditions.
  • wavelengths for photosynthesis in accordance with the growth phase also contribute to the minimum energy consumption and optimal yields.
  • CO2 may be delivered to storage installations, which further accelerates crop growth and increases yields.
  • the maximum growth rate is achieved through lighting system with low energy LEDs which emit light in a special part of the spectrum which is used by crops at different stages of growth. This is programmed in a computer control system. All this has a significant effect on the growth rate and yield of plants.
  • the crop selection and crop growth platform proposal determine the inputs and outputs of vertical farms.
  • the proposal of cultivation area is done to obtain an estimate of the total production of fresh biomass and the total amount of inedible waste biomass.
  • lettuce roots distance ranges from 20 to 30 cm.
  • the accurate determination of plant species determines the maximum area for root systems, production volume and economic gains.
  • Vertical farming may be designed as hydroponic or aeroponic, with a supply of water, nutrients to crops and roots.
  • a hydroponic system DWC, NFT or BBC
  • the root system grows in solutions of nutrients and minerals or in an inert medium.
  • the root system of aeroponics is sprayed with mist of mineral solutions delivered with a pipeline.
  • the materials used in the vertical farming for germination and growth include
  • Crop growth platforms are selected according to the needs of crops and the chosen system.
  • the table below shows some examples of line distances and yields per square metre in traditional growing.
  • the system of growing crops on shelves is one of the most used hydroponic or aeroponic systems of vertical cultivation.
  • the number of troughs is calculated according to the plant height, including the root system.
  • One growing trough consists of three main areas: growing pallet (space for the root system), space for plants and space for LED lighting.
  • the space for the root system ranges from 0.15 m for strawberries to 0.4 m for potatoes.
  • less space for the roots means a larger and more productive over-ground part of the crops.
  • Plants with underground produce require higher pallets for proper development of produce.
  • Space for the plant depends on the selected crop and determines the number of troughs per length unit in the vertical direction.
  • the building height defines the number of troughs for a single cultivation system. While the volume of production increases with the number of troughs per square metre of built-up area, harvesting of crops becomes more difficult. If the system of shelves is higher than 2 metres, harvesting must be done from a service platform.
  • the table above contains basic parametres for crop growing design. Thanks to the lighting design used for vertical farming, the distance of lighting from plants can be less than 0.5 metre.
  • A-shaped towers are suitable for crops with the height of the growth up to 0.5 m, i.e.
  • Towers for vertical growing are supplied in a configuration with a height of 3 m, 6 m and 9 m and 6 m 2 ground plan.
  • Each tower is formed from 12 to 36 storeys of growing troughs which rotate around an aluminium frame of the tower at a speed of 1 mm per second to ensure uniform sunlight illumination, sufficient air flow and irrigation of all plants.
  • This hydroponic system is irrigated with micro-spraying, or water can be supplied directly to the growing troughs.
  • the rotary device does not require an electric motor; it is driven by a unique water system on the basis of gravity which consumes one litre of water supplied from an above-ground rainwater tank.
  • the Omega Garden system may also be suitable for growing crops which do not have large produce. Many species of herbs may be grown in this system with excellent results. Most species of herbs for leaf or bud collection easily adapt to the conditions of nutrition, lighting and growing of the Omega Garden system. Especially, these species have achieved huge yields per growing season: basil, mint, feverfew, marjoram, thyme, oregano.
  • Lettuce is another foodstuff which has demonstrated excellent results in cultivation using the Omega Garden system.
  • Leafy lettuce varieties achieve the best results and exhibit large volumes.
  • Head lettuce also achieves good results but the heads may be more leafy than in the traditional cultivation due to the rotation of the gardens.
  • the Omega Garden system may contain 80 plants per rotary cylinder with additional central lighting.
  • One omega cylinder occupies only 0.6 square metre of floor space.
  • This hydroponic system uses for the growing cups irrigated with mineral solution. Crops Plants per system Floor area [m]
  • Lighting is one of the most important needs of plants. Plants, which suffer from lack of light, are long and thin as a result of efforts to reach the light. Lighting for the vertical farm is provided by sun or other sources, depending on climatic conditions, building height and the required production volumes. If the sunlight is sufficient for the needs of plants, artificial lighting is used only as a supplementary source of light. In winter or on cloudy days, fluorescent lamps or LED lighting is used. LED lighting is more efficient than fluorescent lighting in creation of suitable conditions for growing crops. These modules can be set for specific wavelengths according to the selected crop.
  • the task of the lighting is to ensure a sufficient amount of light and heat for all plants.
  • the main goal is to achieve a uniform illumination on the horizontal plane but vertical arrangement of illumination supports effective growth of taller plants, i.e. tomatoes.
  • Interior lighting (one or two rows) Thanks to the optimized construction, only a very small amount of heat is emitted to the plants. Distance of LED from the plants may be smaller for more efficient use of space.
  • the new generation of LED lamps also emit less heat so the input load per given photon flux is lower and it provides almost no loss of light.
  • New generation light emitting diodes LED reach to about five times the service life than conventional light sources.
  • Rated life of LED module is 50,000 hours at 70% efficiency of initial photon flux (of guaranteed 25,000 hours at photosynthetic photon flux at 90%).
  • Higher volume production is also dependent on the amount of time of the lighting system. A sufficient light for most plants is 12 to 16 hours at a photon flux 200-300 pmol/m 2 .
  • the number of LEDs depends on the desired production volumes, an area of growing troughs and selected crops.
  • Red or blue light provided by LED panels with the width of about 4 - 5 cm is used according to phytochromes and vegetative phase.
  • Cooling is very important to ensure longer life and to prevent damage of the LED panels. Generally, 50-80% of the energy is converted to heat, with a negligible heating of the air, so it is necessary to cool the whole system.
  • the following table shows the photon flow and the number of hours of lighting needed for different types of plants.
  • Temperature is one of the most important parametres for high production efficiency which must be based on the selected crops. Proper temperature is achieved by using waste heat from the output water and heat pump.
  • the combined system ensures a constant temperature in summer and winter when the outside temperature drops.
  • Purified water is a by-product of wastewater treatment. It is introduced in atomised or droplet form, or directly to the roots in an inert substance.
  • Macro-elemental nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium are necessary for photosynthesis, cell division and fructification.
  • the main elements are delivered in the form of liquid fertiliser diluted in the correct ration. Water and carbon dioxide consumption is covered by the wastewater treatment plant and recycling system products. The correct amount of water containing the nutrients is supplied with a pump to the mixing tank and then with pipes to the pallet hydroponic system.
  • the air management system provides ventilation and air circulation, during which the majority of evaporated water is removed.
  • carbon dioxide from the developing tank is brought with a pipe. Plants consume 0.1 to 0.3 g of CO2 per gram of fresh biomass.
  • this air contains water vapour, methane, H2S, mercaptans, dimethyl sulphide and ammonia in the form of volatile organic compounds.
  • biological filters which rid the air of pollutants and enrich it with carbon dioxide.
  • Biological filters operate on the principle of a biofilm which covers the particles of the used material and the fillings. Volatile contaminants are decomposed in the presence of oxygen in the wet biofilm and are metabolised with an aerobic process of microorganisms.
  • the mixing tank is also equipped with pH metres, sensors of nutrient content and level sensor which are connected to a computer and ensure constant quality conditions of the system.
  • concentration of CO 2 is measured with TESTO sensors.
  • Photovoltaic cells and a set of batteries provide energy for temperature regulation and the heating and cooling system.
  • the heating system uses water / water heat pump, which transfers heat from the output water. This heat is also used for heating.
  • the cooling system if required in the summer, will use a closed water / water system. The basis is that the photovoltaic system and the energy accumulation in the new generation of efficient batteries provide electricity supply for the entire system.
  • the used water / water CIAT heat pump is designed as a heat source.
  • the circulation pump of the primary and secondary circuit is installed at the inlet of the heat pump unit. Heat transfer from LED panels to the ambient air is negligible. All the heat from LED lighting is transferred to the cooling system.
  • the building cooling if necessary in the summer time, is provided with a cooling water / water system. This unit is closed and transfers heat to the output water.
  • Solar panels are installed on the covered parts of the vertical farm and on the roof of the building and next to it to ensure energy consumption of technological equipment and LED lighting.
  • the glass roof is partially covered with glass solar panels which capture sunlight in its structure.
  • the photovoltaic power system consists of solar panels, DC/AC and AC/DC inverters, a converter and the main wall battery. Solar panels are placed on the roof and transform solar radiation into electricity.
  • DC/AC and AC/DC inverters control the flow of electric current.
  • New technology of transparent solar panels allows the installation above a staircase or on side walls of the building as Windows, and reduce the intensity of interior lighting.
  • the sludge extracted from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the waste biomass are used as a main source for energy recycling using a pyrolysis unit and a cogeneration unit.
  • further processing occurs in which it is necessary to reduce the moisture content by about 60%.
  • the pyrolysis unit will be placed separately near the outlet of the sludge. Hot air for drying the sludge and biomass is obtained by means of a heat pump which takes heat away from the output of water flowing into a tank.
  • the farm in the presented design is located in a temperate climate and the temperature in summer ranges between +20 and +30 °C. Climatic zone determines crop production. Import of fruits and vegetables and cultivation in greenhouses are the only ways to provide fresh produce in winter months.
  • a wastewater treatment plant with a vertical farm is a unique wastewater treatment project associated with cultivation of different crops.
  • the vertical farm is located on the first floor in a circular area of 855 square metres.
  • different crops may be selected and it is possible to divide the area accordingly into zones with different microclimate, special lighting conditions, water and nutrient consumption and requirements for the heating and cooling system.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de culture intensive de plantes dans une unité de production où l'unité de production sert à accélérer la photosynthèse de plantes reliées à un réacteur biotechnologique intégré pour le traitement des eaux usées avec une utilisation synergique du dioxyde de carbone CO2 produit au cours de la dégradation biotechnologique de polluants et une utilisation simultanée de l'oxygène O2 libéré par la photosynthèse des plantes qui provient de l'espace intérieur de la serre, dans laquelle l'unité de production est située, renvoyé en le soufflant sous la forme d'air comprimé avec une teneur en oxygène O2 supérieure dans l'espace de réacteur d'aération, ce qui augmente l'activité biologique de micro-organismes impliqués dans le traitement biologique d'eaux usées.
PCT/CZ2016/000064 2015-06-22 2016-06-07 Procédé de culture intensive de plantes dans une unité de production WO2016206656A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZPV2015-414 2015-06-22
CZ2015-414A CZ2015414A3 (cs) 2015-06-22 2015-06-22 Způsob intenzivního pěstování rostlin v produkční jednotce

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WO2016206656A1 true WO2016206656A1 (fr) 2016-12-29

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020022967A3 (fr) * 2017-11-24 2020-03-05 Tasot End Mak Mek Yat Ür İzo. Bi̇y.Ar İml Ti̇c. Ve San. Ltd. Şti Structure de serre pour plantes aquatiques flottantes
WO2022074288A1 (fr) * 2020-10-05 2022-04-14 Aeropod Oy Unité d'agriculture aéroponique indépendante et procédé pour l'agriculture aéroponique indépendante
IT202100009695A1 (it) * 2021-04-19 2022-10-19 Sdg S R L "rimozione di anidride carbonica attraverso l’integrazione di un processo biologico di depurazione delle acque ed un processo di coltura vegetale in idroponia"

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4169050A (en) * 1977-11-03 1979-09-25 Solar Aquasystems, Inc. Buoyant contact surfaces in waste treatment pond
WO2010003255A1 (fr) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Dube Yves Procédé pour le recyclage continu en plusieurs phases de déchets organiques solides et liquides pour une culture sous serre
US20110041395A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 BioSynEnergy LLC Integrated Agriculture and Aquaculture Production System
WO2011061635A2 (fr) * 2009-11-22 2011-05-26 Glen Pettibone Ferme verticale associée à un procédé et une installation de production de biocarburant, de biomasse et d'électricité
US20110195473A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-08-11 Maria Rogmans Method and device for photosynthesis-supported exhaust gas disposal, particularly co2

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4169050A (en) * 1977-11-03 1979-09-25 Solar Aquasystems, Inc. Buoyant contact surfaces in waste treatment pond
WO2010003255A1 (fr) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Dube Yves Procédé pour le recyclage continu en plusieurs phases de déchets organiques solides et liquides pour une culture sous serre
US20110195473A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-08-11 Maria Rogmans Method and device for photosynthesis-supported exhaust gas disposal, particularly co2
US20110041395A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 BioSynEnergy LLC Integrated Agriculture and Aquaculture Production System
WO2011061635A2 (fr) * 2009-11-22 2011-05-26 Glen Pettibone Ferme verticale associée à un procédé et une installation de production de biocarburant, de biomasse et d'électricité

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020022967A3 (fr) * 2017-11-24 2020-03-05 Tasot End Mak Mek Yat Ür İzo. Bi̇y.Ar İml Ti̇c. Ve San. Ltd. Şti Structure de serre pour plantes aquatiques flottantes
WO2022074288A1 (fr) * 2020-10-05 2022-04-14 Aeropod Oy Unité d'agriculture aéroponique indépendante et procédé pour l'agriculture aéroponique indépendante
IT202100009695A1 (it) * 2021-04-19 2022-10-19 Sdg S R L "rimozione di anidride carbonica attraverso l’integrazione di un processo biologico di depurazione delle acque ed un processo di coltura vegetale in idroponia"

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