WO2016202070A1 - Procédé et dispositif permettant l'enregistrement de journal dans un système de réseau - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif permettant l'enregistrement de journal dans un système de réseau Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016202070A1
WO2016202070A1 PCT/CN2016/079204 CN2016079204W WO2016202070A1 WO 2016202070 A1 WO2016202070 A1 WO 2016202070A1 CN 2016079204 W CN2016079204 W CN 2016079204W WO 2016202070 A1 WO2016202070 A1 WO 2016202070A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
log
file
log file
files
recording
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/079204
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
朱杰
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Publication of WO2016202070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016202070A1/fr

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/30Monitoring
    • G06F11/34Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation ; Recording or statistical evaluation of user activity, e.g. usability assessment

Definitions

  • This document relates to, but is not limited to, the field of communications, and relates to a method and apparatus for recording logs in a network system.
  • a log is a file that a device or system uses to log operational information and can be used for fault analysis.
  • the common practice is to write the log directly into the memory or file. Since the log writing is not standardized, it is inefficient in the subsequent management analysis of the log.
  • the formatted log is also configured according to the preset log specification, because different systems have different management requirements for the log, the log is recorded in the same manner, which cannot meet the management requirements of different systems for the log.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for recording logs in a network system, which solves the problem that the log management mode cannot meet the management requirements of the system and the log management efficiency is low.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method for recording logs in a network system, including:
  • the log record operation is performed according to the template information of the log.
  • the performing the log recording operation according to the template information of the log includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the log file with the earliest creation time except the initialization log file is deleted according to the creation time of the log file.
  • the method before the performing the recording operation of the log according to the template information of the log, the method further includes:
  • the new access path of the log file corresponding to the log in the storage area is obtained, and all the log files on the original access path are stored on the new access path.
  • the method further includes:
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for recording a log in a network system, including:
  • the first obtaining module is configured to obtain configuration information of the log
  • Generating a module configured to generate template information of the log according to the configuration information of the log;
  • the recording module is configured to perform a log recording operation according to the template information of the log when receiving the log record request.
  • the recording module includes:
  • the determining unit is configured to determine whether the size of the current log file exceeds a threshold of a preset file size after adding a log in the current log file;
  • Creating a unit configured to create a new log file if the determining unit determines that the size of the current log file exceeds a threshold of the file size
  • a recording unit configured to record the log using the new log file.
  • the device further includes:
  • the first determining module is configured to determine, after the recording module performs a log recording operation according to the template information of the log, if a new log file is detected, determine whether the total number of the log files exceeds a threshold of a preset number of files. ;
  • the first deletion module is configured to delete the log file with the earliest creation time except the initialization log file according to the creation time of the log file, if the first determination module determines that the total number of the log files exceeds the threshold of the number of the files.
  • the device further includes:
  • the second judging module is configured to determine whether the access path of the log file corresponding to the log in the storage area changes before the recording module performs the log recording operation according to the template information of the log;
  • a second obtaining module configured to: if the second determining module determines that the access path of the log file in the storage area changes, acquiring a new access path of the log file corresponding to the log in the storage area;
  • a storage module that is set to store all log files on the original access path on the new access path.
  • the device further includes:
  • the second deleting module is configured to delete the log file corresponding to the log on the original access path if the second determining module determines that the access path of the log file in the storage area changes.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, where the computer readable storage medium stores computer executable instructions, and when the computer executable instructions are executed, a method for recording a log in a network system is implemented.
  • the above technical solution obtains the configuration information of the log, and learns the management requirements of the external management personnel.
  • the template information of the log is generated according to the log configuration information to ensure the standardization of the log.
  • the template record is directly used.
  • the log makes the recording efficient.
  • the log mode of the embodiment of the present invention can adapt to the management requirements of the system, and the recording efficiency is high.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for recording a log in a network system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for recording a log in a network system according to Example 1 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for recording a log in a network system provided by example 2 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for recording a log in a network system provided by example 3 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for recording a log in a network system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for recording a log in a network system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for recording a log in a network system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method shown in Figure 1 includes:
  • Step 101 Obtain configuration information of a log.
  • Step 102 Generate template information of the log according to the configuration information of the log.
  • Step 103 When receiving the log record request, perform a log recording operation according to the template information of the log.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention acquires the configuration information of the log, and learns the external administrator.
  • the log management information is generated based on the log configuration information, and the log template information can be generated.
  • the template is used to record the log directly, so that the recording efficiency is high.
  • the recording mode of the log in the embodiment of the present invention can adapt to the management requirements of the system, and the recording efficiency is high.
  • the configuration parameters of the log include at least one of the following: a log preamble (such as a timestamp information), an initialization log file, a log file number, a log file size, an access path of the log file in the storage area, a name of the log file, and a subsequent The name of the newly created log file.
  • a log preamble such as a timestamp information
  • the name of the initialization log file is log_0.txt.
  • the name of the newly created log file may be log_index.txt, where index is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • Log_0.txt generally contains more important information such as system initialization.
  • the log_0.txt file When the number of log files exceeds the threshold of the number of files configured by the log, the log_0.txt file will not be deleted.
  • the advantage of this is that the system initialization can be important.
  • log_0.txt file is not deleted.
  • the remaining files are: log_0.txt, log_2.txt, log_3.txt, log_4.txt.
  • the performing the log recording operation according to the template information of the log includes:
  • the preset file size threshold is 2M (megabytes); after the log is added, if the log file size is greater than 2M, a new log file is created, and the log is recorded in the new log file.
  • the log is recorded by using the new log file, and the method may be as follows:
  • the method further includes: after the recording operation of the log is performed by using the template information of the log, the method further includes:
  • the log file with the earliest creation time except the initialization log file is deleted according to the creation time of the log file.
  • the threshold of the number of pre-set files is three.
  • the existing log files include the initialization log file log_0.txt and the created log files log_1.txt, log_2.txt, and log_3.txt; wherein, log_0.txt To initialize the file, it cannot be deleted. Therefore, when a new log file is created, the name of the new log file is log_4.txt, and it is determined that the total number of current log files exceeds three, and the log file with the earliest creation time is deleted. That is, the log file whose file name is log_1.txt.
  • the method before the performing the recording operation of the log according to the template information of the log, the method further includes:
  • the new access path of the log file corresponding to the log in the storage area is obtained, and all the log files on the original access path are stored on the new access path.
  • the log file and the subsequent log recorded in the original path need to be protected. Save to the new storage path, so store all the log files on the original access path on the new access path, so that users can view all the logs.
  • the method further includes:
  • the log file in the original path may be copied to the new path, and then the log files in the original path may be deleted; or the log file in the original path may be directly moved to the new path.
  • the log file corresponding to the log on the original access path can be deleted because the log file corresponding to the log is stored on the new access path.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for recording logs in a network system provided by this example.
  • the log file size threshold uses the default configuration of 2M
  • the threshold for the number of log files uses the default configuration of 3.
  • the methods of this example include:
  • Step 21 The log module is initialized
  • Step 22 Real-time monitoring of the log record request, when the log is required, step 23 is performed;
  • Step 23 Insert the time information into the log_index.txt file by inserting the time information before each log according to the default configuration.
  • the log file written is the log_1.txt file.
  • Step 24 Determine the size of the log_index.txt file. If the default configuration is 2M, perform the steps. 25; if it does not exceed 2M, continue to step 22;
  • Step 25 Close the log_index.txt file, shape the variable index++, and create a new file log_index.txt in the default configuration directory /log directory;
  • step 25 When you first go to step 25, you need to create a new log file. At this time, log_1.txt is closed. The index value is 1 and the value is 2. Therefore, the newly added log file is log_2.txt, and the subsequent log is written to the log_2.txt file. in. When the next time to step 25, the index value is 3, the new log_3.txt is added, and so on.
  • Step 26 Determine the number of files, if the number of files is greater than the number of default configuration files 3, then proceed to step 27, otherwise continue to step 22;
  • the above technical solution obtains the configuration information of the log, and learns the management requirements of the external management personnel.
  • the template information of the log is generated according to the log configuration information to ensure the standardization of the log.
  • the template is directly used. Recording logs makes the recording efficient; the above-mentioned log recording method can adapt to the management requirements of the system, and the recording efficiency is high.
  • the log file can be managed to ensure the standardization of the log storage.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for recording logs in the network system provided in the second example.
  • the threshold for the number of log files to be modified by the user is 5, and the threshold for the log file size is 1 M.
  • Other parameters are configured by default.
  • the method of this example 2 is as follows:
  • Step 31 Initializing the log module
  • Step 32 Monitor the log record request in real time. When the log record needs to be performed, perform the steps. 33;
  • Step 33 Insert the time information into the log_index.txt file by inserting the time information before each log according to the default configuration.
  • the log file is a log_1.txt file.
  • Step 34 Determine the size of the log_index.txt file. If the size of the log file exceeds the limit (assuming that the file size threshold is 2M before the user manually modifies the parameter, the file size threshold is 1M after the user manually modifies the parameter). Step 35; if the file size is not exceeded, continue to step 32;
  • the user can manually modify the log file size and the number of log files to meet the actual needs of the user.
  • the user can dynamically modify the threshold of the file size and the number of log files according to the actual operation of the system, and the flexible configuration file parameters can be adapted to the dynamic requirements of the system or the user.
  • Step 35 Close the log_index.txt file, shape the variable index++, and create a new file log_index.txt in the default configuration directory/log directory.
  • close log_1.txt, index value After adding 1 to the value 2, the newly added log file is log_2.txt, and the subsequent log is written to the log_2.txt file.
  • the index value is 3, the new log_3.txt is added, and so on.
  • Step 36 Determine the number of files. If the number of files is greater than the maximum number of log files (the default is 3 before the user configures the parameter and 5 after the user configures the parameter), go to step 37, otherwise return to the step. 32;
  • the method provided in the second embodiment obtains the configuration information of the log, learns the management requirements of the external management personnel, and generates the template information of the log according to the log configuration information, so as to ensure the standardization of the log, when receiving the log request request Recording logs directly using templates makes recordings more efficient.
  • the above-mentioned log recording method can adapt to the management requirements of the system, and the recording efficiency is high.
  • the log file can be managed to ensure the standardization of the log storage.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for recording a log in a network system provided in the third embodiment.
  • the user saves the log file save location parameter as: /my/log, and other parameters are configured according to the default.
  • the method of the example includes:
  • Step 41 The log module is initialized
  • Step 42 Real-time monitoring of the log record request, when the log is required, step 43 is performed;
  • Step 43 Insert the time information into the log_index.txt file by inserting the time information before each log according to the default configuration.
  • the log file is a log_1.txt file.
  • Step 44 Determine the size of the log_index.txt file. If the default value of the log file is 2M, the process proceeds to step 45. If the file size is not exceeded, proceed to step 42;
  • Step 45 Close the log_index.txt file and shape the variable index++;
  • log_1.txt is closed, and the index value is increased by 1 and the value is 2.
  • Step 46 Determine whether the file path changes, if there is no change, step 47 is performed; if the change occurs, step 48 is performed;
  • Step 47 Create a new file log_index.txt in the current file path, and perform step 49;
  • step 47 When it is first executed to step 47, the log file log_2.txt is created.
  • Step 48 Copy all the files (including log_0.txt) in the original path to the new path, and delete all the log files (including log_0.txt) in the original path. Then create a new file log_index under the new path.
  • step 45 the index value is incremented by 1 to 3, that is, waiting for the creation of log_3.txt.
  • the process proceeds to step 46, the original is judged.
  • Path A becomes path B, and log_0.txt, log_1.txt under the original path A, and Copy log_2.txt to path B, delete log_0.txt, log_1.txt, and log_2.txt under the original path A, and then create the log file log_3.txt.
  • Step 49 Determine the number of log files, if the number of log files is greater than the number of default configuration files 3, then proceed to step 50, otherwise return to step 42;
  • the method provided in the third example obtains the configuration information of the log, learns the management requirements of the external management personnel, and generates the template information of the log according to the log configuration information, so as to ensure the standardization of the log, when receiving the log request request.
  • the log is directly recorded by the template, so that the recording efficiency is high; the recording mode of the above log can adapt to the management requirements of the system, and the recording efficiency is high.
  • the log file can be managed to ensure the standardization of the log storage.
  • the log files are stored together, which facilitates subsequent user access. .
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for recording a log in a network system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device shown in Figure 5 includes:
  • the first obtaining module 501 is configured to obtain configuration information of the log
  • the generating module 502 is configured to generate template information of the log according to the configuration information of the log.
  • the recording module 503 is configured to perform a log recording operation according to the template information of the log when receiving the log recording request.
  • the recording module 503 includes:
  • the determining unit 5031 is configured to: after adding a log in the current log file, determine whether the size of the current log file exceeds a threshold of a preset file size;
  • the creating unit 5032 is configured to create a new log file if the determining unit determines that the size of the current log file exceeds a threshold of the file size;
  • a recording unit 5033 is provided to record the log using the new log file.
  • the device further comprises:
  • the first determining module 504 is configured to determine, after the recording module 503 performs the log recording operation by using the template information of the log, if a new log file is detected, determine whether the total number of the log files exceeds the preset number of files. Threshold
  • the first deleting module 505 is configured to: if the first determining module 504 determines that the total number of the log files exceeds the threshold of the number of files, delete the log with the earliest creation time except the initializing log file according to the creation time of the log file. file.
  • the device further comprises:
  • the second judging module 506 is configured to determine whether the access path of the log file corresponding to the log in the storage area changes before the recording module 503 performs the log recording operation according to the template information of the log.
  • the second obtaining module 507 is configured to: if the second determining module 506 determines that the access path of the log file in the storage area changes, acquire a new access path of the log file corresponding to the log in the storage area;
  • the storage module 508 is configured to store all log files of the logs on the original access path on the new access path.
  • the device further comprises:
  • the second deleting module 509 is configured to delete the log file corresponding to the log on the original access path if the second determining module 506 determines that the access path of the log file in the storage area changes.
  • the device provided by the embodiment of the present invention obtains the log configuration information, obtains the management requirement of the log by the external management personnel, and generates the log template information according to the log configuration information, so as to ensure the standardization of the log, and receive the log record request.
  • the recording efficiency is high; the recording mode of the above log can adapt to the management requirements of the system, and the recording efficiency is high.
  • managing the log file can ensure the standardization of the log storage; and by determining whether the access path changes, In order to ensure that the log files are stored together, it is convenient for users to follow up.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, where the computer readable storage medium stores computer executable instructions, and when the computer executable instructions are executed, a method for recording a log in a network system is implemented.
  • all or part of the steps of the above embodiments may also be implemented by using an integrated circuit. These steps may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps may be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. achieve. Thus, the application is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.
  • the devices/function modules/functional units in the above embodiments may be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, which may be centralized on a single computing device or distributed over a network of multiple computing devices.
  • each device/function module/functional unit in the above embodiment When each device/function module/functional unit in the above embodiment is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the above mentioned computer readable storage medium may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk or the like.
  • the log mode of the above technical solution can adapt to the management requirements of the system, and the recording efficiency is high.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant l'enregistrement d'un journal dans un système de réseau, consistant : à acquérir des informations de configuration concernant un journal ; à générer des informations de modèle concernant le journal en fonction des informations de configuration concernant le journal ; et, lorsqu'une demande de journal est reçue, à effectuer une opération d'enregistrement sur le journal en fonction des informations de modèle concernant le journal.
PCT/CN2016/079204 2015-06-16 2016-04-13 Procédé et dispositif permettant l'enregistrement de journal dans un système de réseau WO2016202070A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510335333.4 2015-06-16
CN201510335333.4A CN106326082B (zh) 2015-06-16 2015-06-16 网络系统中记录日志的方法和装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016202070A1 true WO2016202070A1 (fr) 2016-12-22

Family

ID=57544815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2016/079204 WO2016202070A1 (fr) 2015-06-16 2016-04-13 Procédé et dispositif permettant l'enregistrement de journal dans un système de réseau

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106326082B (fr)
WO (1) WO2016202070A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115543949A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-30 北京北方华创微电子装备有限公司 一种日志处理方法和半导体工艺设备

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107357686A (zh) * 2017-07-20 2017-11-17 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 一种日志删除方法及装置
CN110309035A (zh) * 2018-03-20 2019-10-08 北京乐我无限科技有限责任公司 日志记录方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质
CN109062762A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2018-12-21 浙江数链科技有限公司 格式化日志推送方法及装置
CN111143310B (zh) * 2018-11-06 2021-05-14 海通证券股份有限公司 日志记录方法及装置、可读存储介质
CN111459764B (zh) * 2020-04-09 2023-12-29 江苏盛海智能科技有限公司 一种日志管理方法及终端

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5892917A (en) * 1995-09-27 1999-04-06 Microsoft Corporation System for log record and log expansion with inserted log records representing object request for specified object corresponding to cached object copies
CN101515245A (zh) * 2008-02-21 2009-08-26 卓望数码技术(深圳)有限公司 操作日志记录方法及系统
CN103412893A (zh) * 2013-07-24 2013-11-27 广东电子工业研究院有限公司 一种日志收集系统及其收集方法
CN104331487A (zh) * 2014-11-13 2015-02-04 携程计算机技术(上海)有限公司 日志的处理方法及装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102467516A (zh) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-23 北京北方微电子基地设备工艺研究中心有限责任公司 设备控制过程中的日志记录方法、装置及系统
CN102799514B (zh) * 2011-05-24 2017-02-15 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种日志记录管理方法和系统
JP5946423B2 (ja) * 2013-04-26 2016-07-06 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーションInternational Business Machines Corporation システム・ログの分類方法、プログラム及びシステム
CN104636242A (zh) * 2015-02-06 2015-05-20 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 一种基于Linux操作系统的系统日志自动删除重复内容的方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5892917A (en) * 1995-09-27 1999-04-06 Microsoft Corporation System for log record and log expansion with inserted log records representing object request for specified object corresponding to cached object copies
CN101515245A (zh) * 2008-02-21 2009-08-26 卓望数码技术(深圳)有限公司 操作日志记录方法及系统
CN103412893A (zh) * 2013-07-24 2013-11-27 广东电子工业研究院有限公司 一种日志收集系统及其收集方法
CN104331487A (zh) * 2014-11-13 2015-02-04 携程计算机技术(上海)有限公司 日志的处理方法及装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115543949A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-30 北京北方华创微电子装备有限公司 一种日志处理方法和半导体工艺设备
CN115543949B (zh) * 2022-09-27 2023-09-08 北京北方华创微电子装备有限公司 一种日志处理方法和半导体工艺设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106326082A (zh) 2017-01-11
CN106326082B (zh) 2020-10-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2016202070A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif permettant l'enregistrement de journal dans un système de réseau
CN110147411B (zh) 数据同步方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质
US8290994B2 (en) Obtaining file system view in block-level data storage systems
US20150006581A1 (en) Method for a Storage Device Accessing a File and Storage Device
JP6328798B2 (ja) ユーザ生成メディア・ファイルの自動アーカイブ保存
NIST Cloud Computing Forensic Science Working Group Nist cloud computing forensic science challenges
US20210133146A1 (en) Method for processing snapshots and distributed block storage system
US10168920B2 (en) Duplexing file system data
US9645759B2 (en) Apparatus and method for monitoring communication
WO2016000541A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif d'identification automatique de fichiers indésirables
CN104461380A (zh) 数据存储方法及装置
US20190310791A1 (en) Systems and methods for data management of multiple cloud services
WO2021109587A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de stockage de fichiers, et dispositif et support de stockage lisible
CN104461384B (zh) 一种数据写入方法及存储设备
KR101494095B1 (ko) 하드디스크 데이터 삭제 모니터링 시스템 및 방법
US20120284225A1 (en) Auto-updatable document parts within content management systems
CN110008197A (zh) 一种数据处理方法、系统及电子设备和存储介质
US20180314692A1 (en) Maintaining access control lists in non-identity-preserving replicated data repositories
CN104978241B (zh) 一种cow类型文件系统的数据恢复方法及装置
CN114329366A (zh) 网盘文件控制方法、装置、网盘及存储介质
US20190187904A1 (en) Efficient export scheduling using index and schema to determine data distribution
JP2002312210A5 (fr)
CN107491363A (zh) 一种基于Linux内核的存储卷的快照方法及装置
US20120159006A1 (en) Monitoring input/output operations to specific storage locations
WO2015196820A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de création d'un système de fichiers jbod

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16810811

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16810811

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1