WO2016198704A1 - Panneau concentrateur solaire - Google Patents

Panneau concentrateur solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016198704A1
WO2016198704A1 PCT/ES2015/070461 ES2015070461W WO2016198704A1 WO 2016198704 A1 WO2016198704 A1 WO 2016198704A1 ES 2015070461 W ES2015070461 W ES 2015070461W WO 2016198704 A1 WO2016198704 A1 WO 2016198704A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
movement
elements
solar
panel according
solar concentrator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2015/070461
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Ïñigo Antonio ARIZA LÓPEZ
Francisco Javier ARIZA LÓPEZ
Original Assignee
Ariza López Ïñigo Antonio
Ariza López Francisco Javier
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ariza López Ïñigo Antonio, Ariza López Francisco Javier filed Critical Ariza López Ïñigo Antonio
Priority to PCT/ES2015/070461 priority Critical patent/WO2016198704A1/fr
Publication of WO2016198704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016198704A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the field of solar energy and lighting.
  • concentration systems are often used. There are many advantages of concentration. It allows to obtain more temperature in the case of thermal receptors, which improves performance. It allows the size of the photovoltaic cells to be smaller, which results in significant savings. A high concentration also allows the comfortable transport of light through fiber optics, regardless of the use: it can be used to heat some fluid, or to illuminate.
  • heliostats consists of a set of mirrors with controlled movement, such that they allow the reflection of the sun's rays to be concentrated at a point or a small surface.
  • devices with great concentration capacity that are image formers. These devices can be: parabolic revolution reflectors; revolution parabolic reflectors with secondary reflector type Cassegrain; Fresnel reflectors, Fresnel lenses; or other converging lens systems. In these cases, precise solar tracking is necessary to achieve high concentration of the sun's rays over a small area.
  • the LSO system (Sun Simba TM CPV systems) by means of the contest of the precise orientation towards the sun and of a particular geometry, allows a high degree of concentration with a panel of very reduced thickness.
  • This system is included in documents US 2011/0011449 (Al) (Morgan, JP; Chang PM; Myrskog SH) and US 2010/0202142 (Al) (Morgan, JP).
  • Other devices configure a flat panel with concentration without tracking. However, they are less effective and with less concentration.
  • the panel described in US 2010/0282316 (Al) (Gibson KR; Maheshwari A.) combines the use of small lenses and photovoltaic cells forming a surface.
  • the organic solar concentrators OSC of Covalent Solar are based on the use of materials that disperse the incident light in a transparent material to channel it within said material by total reflection towards the ends, where it is collected in photovoltaic cells, and therefore constitutes another system of concentration It does not require solar tracking.
  • Document CA 2658193 (Al) 2010/1512 Morgan J. P.; Chang P.; Myrskog S. collects a similar device.
  • Concentration devices are used in combination with photovoltaic cells with or without cooling; for heating fluids; or with fiber optic ends that can transfer light.
  • the Himawari (Himawari Solar Lighting System) system concentrates sunlight on fiber optic ends with lenses to move it to nearby spaces.
  • Document ES 2167257 (Al) (Cancho Galeano J. L.) describes a concentration device with guidance of the solar position, which concentrates on one end of optical fiber.
  • Concentration devices also incorporate lenses in the receivers that further increase the concentration on the receiver or allow a greater angle of acceptance.
  • hemispherical, SILO, XTP, RTP or FK see “High Fresnel-based photovoltaic concentrator performance "( ⁇ > . Benitez et al. 2010. Optic Express, April 26 (vol. 18), SI No.), and US 2010/307586 documents” Reflective free-form Kohler concentrator "(Benitez P.; Minano J. C.; Hernández M .; Buljan M.) and US 2010/0123954 "Kohler concentrator” (Benitez P.; Minano J. C.; Zamora P.; Hernández M .; Cvetkovic A.).
  • the present invention consists of a flat concentrating panel that includes in its interior the movement that allows to follow the solar path or of the incident light.
  • the biggest advantage it offers is that it is compact and does not need guidance or external orientation, so it can be fixed, on the ground or on any other surface. In the case of having several panels, they do not need to be placed neither parallel nor coplanar. Therefore, it allows for much cheaper installations, whether for domestic use or large size with many panels.
  • This concentrator panel can collect sunlight and concentrate it on a bundle of optical fibers, which can be used: either to heat fluids; well to illuminate shaded spaces; either for direct conversion into electricity by means of a photovoltaic cell arranged in The ends of the fibers.
  • hot fluids can be used for any use: production of domestic hot water; steam production; accumulation of solar energy by hot fluid; or production of movement or electricity by steam or by thermal jump.
  • Another possibility is to have a series of photovoltaic or thermocouple cells inside and produce electricity. In this other case, thanks to the concentration of the rays, a great economy is obtained because the necessary photovoltaic cells will have a much smaller surface area than the panel itself but taking advantage of almost all of the panel's collecting surface.
  • This collector is not suitable for diffused light or cloudy days.
  • the operation scheme of the present invention is very simple.
  • the panel comprises two main surfaces (first surface and second surface) with a relative movement that keeps them parallel at all times.
  • Said movement can be flat (in two directions) or the distance between both surfaces (in three directions) can also vary.
  • the first surface cannot rotate with respect to the second surface.
  • the first surface is preferably of the outer or illuminated side, or near it, and is composed of a plurality of converging optical elements.
  • the convective optical elements can be Fresnell, biconvex, flat-convex, concave-convex, or any other convergent optical system lenses, they can also be lens systems, and can operate by refraction, diffraction or reflection.
  • This first surface can be fixed or mobile according to the criteria adopted by the second surface.
  • another flat surface (second surface) is provided (consisting of a plane or a flat grid) that houses a plurality of solar energy receiving elements (hereinafter referred to generically as "collectors"), whether extreme of fiber optic beams, thermoelectric batteries, receivers with heat transfer fluid inside, or photovoltaic cells.
  • the pick-up elements are distributed along the second surface (possibly, in the nodes of the grid).
  • This second surface can be fixed or mobile according to the criteria adopted by the first surface. That is, if the first surface is fixed the second surface will be mobile, and vice versa.
  • both surfaces are mobile, moving according to the two or three directions discussed above and always staying parallel to each other.
  • Both elements are provided with a relative movement produced and controlled by an electronic or digital system. This movement keeps both elements parallel (first surface and second surface), so that at all times, and according to the inclination of the incident light, each converging optical element has its focus on a sensor element.
  • each converging optical element will keep the incident rays concentrated in a focus located on each sensor element; If the number of converging optical elements is less than the number of capturing elements, each converging optical element will keep the incident rays concentrated in a focus on a capturing element.
  • a movement in three directions can be produced that achieves this effect by means of two directions of movement different from each other but parallel to the surfaces (first surface and second surface), and a third direction of perpendicular movement with smaller amplitude.
  • Converging lenses, or any equivalent optical system concentrate a beam of parallel beam light in an approximately spot focus.
  • the picking elements (which receive the light concentrated in the spotlights) can be fiber optic beam ends. In this case, if the second surface is mobile, the optical fibers must be flexible to allow such movement.
  • optical fibers are collected in a cord or cable, adequately protected by a sheath, which comes out of the panel, to transfer the collected light to another place that allows its comfortable use.
  • the collector elements can be small photovoltaic cells or thermoelectric batteries, which will therefore work with a concentrated light flow. This allows to use a very small area of these elements that are expensive, which results in economy and less environmental impact.
  • the photovoltaic cells can be arranged in parallel, in series, or in combination of both provisions, as appropriate.
  • the electricity is transferred by a cable for use outside the panel.
  • the second surface will preferably be metallic (copper, aluminum, or other heat conductive material). It may have cooling fins and / or heat transfer systems. This will remove the heat generated in the photovoltaic cells more easily, increase the performance of the cells, and give the second surface more stiffness.
  • the sensor elements can incorporate converging lenses (secondary concentration devices), such as those described in the background, for example semi-spherical lenses.
  • This secondary concentration system can allow an angle of acceptance (a) of the incident light, therefore the positioning of the first surface with respect to the second surface may be somewhat less precise.
  • the secondary concentration system (converging lenses) can also reduce the size of the pickup element, which results in greater concentration.
  • a series of actuator motors are arranged, with a suitable movement transmission system. These actuators must be sent by a system of detection of the angle of elevation and orientation of the incident light, to achieve that the focus of The concentration of each convergent optical element affects the sensor elements.
  • the present invention can incorporate a specific system for detecting the angle and direction of the incident radiation consisting of a transparent surface element (transparent flat surface) on which an opaque surface having a hole or cavity is provided. , preferably in the center of said opaque surface.
  • a transparent surface element transparent flat surface
  • an opaque surface having a hole or cavity
  • the transparent surface element preferably in the center of said opaque surface.
  • the rays hit the opaque surface they pass through only the hole and hit the transparent surface element, where they are dispersed by their upper diffuser surface (light diffuser).
  • These scattered rays will be transmitted inside the transparent surface element and will reach their edges, in which a series of photosensitive sensors are located. Thanks to this device it is possible to detect the point of incidence of the ray in the transparent surface element by providing a comparator circuit that discriminates the sensor that receives more radiation.
  • the control sub-system will send the actuators to the same relative position, so that the concentration foci of each converging optical element is affected by the pick-up elements.
  • a variant is that the transparent surface element and the opaque surface have a relative movement between them but in solidarity with the surfaces (first surface and second surface).
  • a comparator circuit similar to a Wheatstone bridge and which sends the actuators in the direction in which the imbalance between the measurements of the photosensitive elements occurs will cause the rays to finally reach the center of the transparent surface element. In this situation the approach will be achieved again.
  • a sub-system of electrical production constituted by a photovoltaic cell; and an electrical accumulation sub-system (rechargeable batteries) that allows the initial movement of the actuator motor until said actuator motor reaches the proper concentration.
  • the detection, actuation, etc. sub-system can be arranged inside or outside the panel.
  • All elements are arranged in a support housing, which provides rigidity and protection to the whole.
  • Said support may have holes to improve the cooling of the interior.
  • a mechanical guide system will be available in the support housing that allows the movement of the surfaces (first surface or second surface) without offering friction.
  • first surface it will also be convenient to have a flat and transparent outer protection element (surface).
  • the situation of the first surface will be interior, and the second surface will be constituted by a grill located towards the outer side or directly illuminated side.
  • the motion sub-system of the detection and guidance system comprises: a first stepper motor, fixed to a support housing, configured to produce movement in the first direction, X; a first axle and worm configured to allow movement in the first direction, connected with the first stepper motor; a second axis and worm configured allow movement in the first direction, X; a system of wheels and toothed pulley that allows a solidary action of the first axle and worm and the second axle and worm; first sliding elements in the first direction, X, on the first worm and on the second worm, with threads inside; a second mobile stepper motor, fixed on one of the first sliding elements, and which allows movement in a second direction, Y; - a third axle and worm screw that allows movement in the second direction, Y, connected to the second stepper motor and connected by bearings to the first sliding elements;
  • the converging optical elements of the first surface consist of hemispherical flat-convex lenses; where the panel additionally comprises mechanical means that provide the second surface with a movement such that each sensor element of the second surface slides along a spherical surface with respect to the center of curvature of each hemispherical plane-convex lens.
  • the motion sub-system of the detection and guidance system comprises a movement transmission mechanism, wherein said movement transmission mechanism comprises: - a first frame fixed to the first surface, comprising a plurality of perforations that allow the fixing of spherical joints;
  • connecting rods whose ends and a central point have spherical articulation configuration, and which are attached to the second surface, the first frame and the second frame, where said connecting rods ensure a movement of the first surface with respect to the second surface such that the The first surface is always parallel to the second surface and without relative rotation with respect to the second surface.
  • Figure 1. Shows a sectional view of a solar concentrator panel with use of the incident light by means of optical fiber.
  • Figure 2. Shows a sectional view of a solar concentrator panel with use of the incident light by means of photovoltaic cells. Shows a partial sectional view with the secondary concentrators and cells
  • FIG. 1 showing the application of secondary concentrators and fiber optics.
  • Figure 5. Shows a perspective view of the angle detection system and the orientation of the incident light.
  • Figure 6. Shows a plan view of the sectioned concentrator panel, showing the internal movement system.
  • Figure 7.- Shows a perspective view of an alternative internal movement system.
  • FIG 9.- Shows a perspective view of an internal movement system in accordance with the embodiment of the concentrator panel shown in Figure 8, internal movement system alternative to the configuration shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a possible embodiment in which the light concentrator panel is constituted by: - a first transparent surface (1) composed of lenses, which in the exemplary embodiment are flat Fresnell lenses forming a mosaic orthogonal, and covering the entire surface except for the edges;
  • a second support surface (2) of the sensors a set of individual sensors consisting of optical fiber (4); a support housing a fiber optic beam (cord or cable) (11) for light output, properly protected; a mechanical guide (12) that allows smooth movement by sliding of the first surface (1); a transparent outer protective element (13); a detection and guidance system (6) of the first surface (1) with respect to the second surface (2), such that said system consists of: or a sub-system for detecting the angle of incidence and the orientation of sunlight (6-1); or optionally a photovoltaic cell (6-2); or an electronic control sub-system (6-3) and optionally of electric accumulation by means of small rechargeable batteries. or a movement sub-system (6-4) comprising a series of actuator motors, controlled by the electronic control sub-system (6-3), and a mechanism for transmitting movement to the first surface (1) by connecting rods with straight bolts to the actuator motors.
  • the path of the incident light rays is schematically represented (14).
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a possible embodiment in which the light concentrator panel is constituted by:
  • first transparent fixed surface (1) composed of lenses, which in the exemplary embodiment are similar to that described in Figure 1;
  • Said second surface (2) is constituted by a very heat conductive metal, by example aluminum, and it has cooling fins (15) that also provide it with greater rigidity;
  • the path of the incident light rays is schematically represented (14).
  • - a sensor consisting of a photovoltaic cell (5) located on the second support surface (2); - a secondary concentration element (17), by means of a flat-convex lens located on the second surface (2).
  • the figure shows the incident rays (14) and their path through the various elements.
  • the half-angle of acceptance (a) is indicated, as well as the diameter (d) of the collector consisting of a photovoltaic cell (5). Thanks to the secondary concentration it is possible to reduce the size of the sensor.
  • FIG. 1 shows the incident rays (14) and their path through the various elements.
  • the half-angle of acceptance (a) and the diameter (d) of the fiber optic sensor (4) are indicated.
  • This configuration provides the same advantage as it allows reducing the diameter of the sensor.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of a possible embodiment of the detection sub-system (6-1) of the direction of the incident rays (14), consisting of:
  • the path of the incident light rays is schematically represented (14).
  • the transparent element (18) is integral with the second surface (2); the opaque surface (25) is integral with the first surface (1); the photosensitive elements are photo-resistors (20, 21); that the pairs of photo-resistors located symmetrically in each direction are joined in a Wheatstone bridge or other electronic or digital device with equivalent operation, which will switch the movement of the actuator motors in that direction.
  • each converging optical element (3) will position its focus on a sensor, once the panel has been adjusted during its manufacture or during its placement.
  • a movable surface which may be the first surface (1) or the second surface (2), depending on the configuration of the panel;
  • Figure 8 shows that the light concentrator panel consists of:
  • a first surface (1) comprising a plurality of converging optical elements (3) consisting of hemispherical plane-convex lenses;
  • a second surface (2) comprising a plurality of sensor elements (which may be ends of fiber optic beams (4), photovoltaic cells (5) or other alternative forms of collectors, although in Figure 8 they are shown only to as an example, fiber optic beams (4)), where the second surface (2) has a movement such that each sensor element slides along a spherical surface with respect to the center of curvature of each hemispherical plane-convex lens
  • FIG. 9 shows that the movement transmission mechanism of the movement sub-system (6-4) is solved by connecting rods, said system being applicable to the embodiment shown in Figure 8, wherein said movement transmission mechanism It is composed of:
  • the second surface (2) which comprises a plurality of perforations that allow the fixing of spherical joints (41);
  • a second frame comprising a plurality of perforations that allow the fixing of spherical joints (41);
  • connecting rods (42) whose ends and a central point have spherical articulation configuration (41), and which are joined to the second surface (2), the first frame (39) and the second frame (40), where said connecting rods (42) ensure a movement of the first surface (1) with respect to the second surface (2) such that the first surface (1) always remains parallel to the second surface

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un panneau concentrateur solaire qui par le mouvement relatif de deux surfaces planes dont une (1) est composée d'éléments optiques convergents et l'autre (2) est composée d'éléments de captation, lequel panneau concentrateur solaire permet de collecter la lumière solaire incidente sur la surface du panneau et de la concentrer dans divers dispositifs de captation de l'énergie solaire, qui se présentent soit sous forme d'une série de fibres optiques, d'une série de cellules photovoltaïques, de de thermocouples ou d'autres dispositifs de captation des rayons lumineux incidents. Dans le cas des fibres optiques on peut les utiliser pour chauffer des fluides indépendamment de leur utilisation ultérieure ou bien pour éclairer. Ce système permet d'obtenir une concentration solaire élevée dans qu'il soit nécessaire d'appliquer un mouvement extérieur au panneau.
PCT/ES2015/070461 2015-06-12 2015-06-12 Panneau concentrateur solaire WO2016198704A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2015/070461 WO2016198704A1 (fr) 2015-06-12 2015-06-12 Panneau concentrateur solaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2015/070461 WO2016198704A1 (fr) 2015-06-12 2015-06-12 Panneau concentrateur solaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016198704A1 true WO2016198704A1 (fr) 2016-12-15

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060283497A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 Hines Braden E Planar concentrating photovoltaic solar panel with individually articulating concentrator elements
US20080087321A1 (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-04-17 Zalman Schwartzman Photovoltaic array for concentrated solar energy generator
US20100288332A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 Entech Solar, Inc. Solar photovoltaic concentrator panel
ES2378392A1 (es) * 2008-02-11 2012-04-12 Emcore Solar Power, Inc. Módulos de sistemas fotovoltaicos concentrados que usan células solares de semiconductores de los grupos iii - v.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060283497A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 Hines Braden E Planar concentrating photovoltaic solar panel with individually articulating concentrator elements
US20080087321A1 (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-04-17 Zalman Schwartzman Photovoltaic array for concentrated solar energy generator
ES2378392A1 (es) * 2008-02-11 2012-04-12 Emcore Solar Power, Inc. Módulos de sistemas fotovoltaicos concentrados que usan células solares de semiconductores de los grupos iii - v.
US20100288332A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 Entech Solar, Inc. Solar photovoltaic concentrator panel

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