WO2016192059A1 - 地热和太阳能联合发电系统及地热和太阳能联合发电方法 - Google Patents

地热和太阳能联合发电系统及地热和太阳能联合发电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016192059A1
WO2016192059A1 PCT/CN2015/080698 CN2015080698W WO2016192059A1 WO 2016192059 A1 WO2016192059 A1 WO 2016192059A1 CN 2015080698 W CN2015080698 W CN 2015080698W WO 2016192059 A1 WO2016192059 A1 WO 2016192059A1
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Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
geothermal
regenerator
power generation
solar
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PCT/CN2015/080698
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姜培学
张富珍
胥蕊娜
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/080698 priority Critical patent/WO2016192059A1/zh
Priority to US15/312,926 priority patent/US10221836B2/en
Publication of WO2016192059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016192059A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
    • F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/05—Controlling by varying the rate of flow or quantity of the working gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/057—Regenerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/30—Heat inputs using solar radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a geothermal and solar power generation system, and to a geothermal and solar power generation method.
  • the existing geothermal and solar power generation system using carbon dioxide as a working medium improves the thermal efficiency of the system by adopting suction compression and heat recovery.
  • the reason is that the specific heat capacity of carbon dioxide varies greatly with pressure, for example, at 200 degrees Celsius. Within, the specific heat capacity of 15 MPa carbon dioxide and 8 MPa carbon dioxide is quite different.
  • the heat capacity of the high-pressure low-temperature carbon dioxide and the low-pressure high-temperature carbon dioxide in the heat exchanger (the product of the mass flow rate and the specific heat capacity) is greatly different, and the heat transfer temperature difference is increased, and the heat transfer irreversibility of the system is increased. Increase.
  • the heat capacity of the high pressure side can be reduced to match the heat capacity of the carbon dioxide on the low pressure side, and the heat transfer temperature difference is reduced, thereby making the turbine outlet
  • the heat in the spent steam is used as much as possible by the heat recovery.
  • the realization of the suction compression and heat recovery requires the compressor to operate efficiently under high temperature and high pressure.
  • the working environment of the compressor for pumping compression and regenerative heat is very bad.
  • the pressure ratio is not large, the adiabatic index of carbon dioxide is large, and the temperature of the final state of compression of carbon dioxide may be as high as possible.
  • the operating pressure is also above 20 MPa, which brings many problems to the design and manufacture of the compressor.
  • compressors that operate efficiently at high temperatures and pressures have not yet been commercialized, resulting in a method of utilizing suction compression and heat recovery to increase the thermal efficiency of existing geothermal and solar cogeneration systems. Even if a compressor that operates efficiently at high temperatures and pressures is manufactured in the future, the manufacturing difficulty, manufacturing cost, and operating cost of the geothermal and solar power generation system are greatly increased.
  • the present application is based on the discovery and recognition of the following facts and problems by the inventors: the injection process of carbon dioxide through the injection well, the endothermic process in the thermal reservoir, and the production process of the produced well, compared to the injection well,
  • the temperature and pressure of carbon dioxide at the wellhead of the production well are higher than the injection temperature and pressure of the injection well. That is to say, as the temperature changes, the density of carbon dioxide changes relatively, which makes the enhanced geothermal system not only heat the carbon dioxide, but also compresses the compressor.
  • the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the production well increases as the depth of the thermal reservoir increases.
  • the heating and compression of the enhanced geothermal system can be utilized to replace the compressor in the solar thermal power generation system (i.e., the compressor operating at high temperature and high pressure as mentioned in the background section). Due to the need for solar thermal power generation Different grades of heat sources can therefore stratify the thermal reservoirs, thereby not only making full use of injection and production wells, but also obtaining heat sources of different grades.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, the present invention proposes a geothermal and solar power generation system having the advantages of low manufacturing cost and high thermal efficiency.
  • the present invention also proposes a geothermal and solar power generation method using the geothermal and solar power generation system.
  • a geothermal and solar power generation system includes: at least three thermal reservoirs, the at least three thermal reservoirs being spaced apart in an up and down direction; at least three injection wells and at least three production Out of the well, the gas outlets of the at least three injection wells are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the at least three thermal reservoirs to inject carbon dioxide into the at least three thermal reservoirs, the at least three production wells a gas port is connected in one-to-one correspondence with the at least three thermal reservoirs to output carbon dioxide; at least three geothermal turbines, the at least three geothermal turbine inlets are correspondingly associated with the at least three a gas outlet of the outlet; the gas cooler, the gas inlet of the gas cooler is in communication with the first gas outlet of the at least three geothermal turbines, the gas outlet of the gas cooler and the at least three The inlet of the injection well is connected; the first regenerator and the second regenerator, the high pressure gas inlet of the first regenerator is connected to the outlet of
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and high thermal efficiency.
  • geothermal and solar power generation system may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system further includes at least three compressors, and an intake port of the at least three compressors communicates with an air outlet of the gas cooler, the at least three The air outlets of the compressors are in communication with the intake ports of the at least three injection wells in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the at least three injection wells comprise an upper injection well, a middle injection well and a lower injection well
  • the at least three production wells comprising at least one upper production well, at least one medium production well and at least a lower production well
  • the at least three thermal reservoirs comprising an upper thermal reservoir connected to an outlet of the upper injection well and an inlet of the upper production well, and an outlet of the intermediate injection well a medium heat reservoir connected to the gas inlet of the middle production well and the lower injection a lower thermal reservoir connected to the gas outlet of the well and the inlet of the lower production well
  • the at least three geothermal turbines comprising a first geothermal turbine, a second geothermal turbine, and a third geothermal turbine
  • An intake port of the first geothermal turbine is in communication with an air outlet of the upper production well
  • an air inlet of the second geothermal turbine is in communication with an air outlet of the middle production well
  • the third geothermal turbine The air inlet is in communication with an air outlet of the upper production well.
  • the first geothermal air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the upper production well through a first flow regulating valve, and the high pressure gas inlet of the first regenerator passes through Two flow regulating valves are in communication with the outlet of the upper production well.
  • the high pressure gas inlet of the second regenerator is in communication with the second gas outlet of the second geothermal turbine
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system further comprising: a third regenerator
  • the high pressure gas inlet of the third regenerator is in communication with the second gas outlet of the third geothermal turbine and the high pressure gas outlet of the second regenerator, the high pressure gas outlet of the third regenerator Communicating with an air inlet of the solar receiver, a low pressure gas inlet of the third regenerator is in communication with an air outlet of the solar turbine, a low pressure gas outlet of the third regenerator and the second The low pressure gas inlet of the regenerator is in communication.
  • the second air outlet of the second geothermal turbine is in communication with the high pressure gas inlet of the second regenerator through a third flow regulating valve, the second of the third geothermal turbine The air outlet communicates with the high pressure gas inlet of the third regenerator through a fourth flow regulating valve.
  • a geothermal and solar power generation method using the geothermal and solar power generation system comprising the steps of: providing the at least Three thermal reservoirs; carbon dioxide is injected into the at least three thermal reservoirs in one-to-one correspondence by the at least three injection wells to heat carbon dioxide with the at least three thermal reservoirs;
  • the three production wells convey the heated carbon dioxide to the at least three geothermal turbines in a one-to-one manner, and the carbon dioxide expands in the at least three geothermal turbines to generate electric energy and the first carbon dioxide exhausted steam; Cooling the first carbon dioxide exhaust gas by a gas cooler, and then injecting the first carbon dioxide into the at least three thermal reservoirs in a one-to-one correspondence through the at least three injection wells; and passing The uppermost one of the at least three production wells delivers a portion of the heated carbon dioxide to the first regenerator The carbon dioxide is heated by the second carbon dioxide exhaust steam in the first regenerator, and the carbon dioxide in the one of the
  • the geothermal and solar power generation method further includes compressing the cooled first carbon dioxide exhaust gas to a corresponding predetermined pressure by the at least three compressors, and then passing the at least three The injection wells inject the respective first carbon dioxide having a predetermined pressure into the at least three thermal reservoirs in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • a pressure of carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate injection well is greater than a pressure of carbon dioxide injected into the upper injection well and less than a pressure of carbon dioxide injected into the lower injection well, into which The temperature of the carbon dioxide injected into the well is greater than the temperature of the carbon dioxide injected into the upper injection well and less than the temperature of the carbon dioxide injected into the lower injection well, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate injection well is greater than the injection into the upper injection The flow rate of carbon dioxide of the well is less than the flow rate of carbon dioxide injected into the lower injection well, the temperature of the carbon dioxide produced by the medium production well is greater than the temperature of the carbon dioxide produced by the upper production well and smaller than the lower production well The temperature of the produced carbon dioxide, the pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the intermediate production well is greater than the pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the upper production well and less than the pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the lower production well.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation method further includes: when carbon dioxide in the third geothermal turbine is expanded to a pressure equal to a pressure of carbon dioxide produced by the upper production well, the A portion of the carbon dioxide within the three geothermal turbines is delivered to the third regenerator and is depleted by the second carbon dioxide together with the heated carbon dioxide from the second regenerator within the third regenerator The steam is heated, the remaining carbon dioxide continues to expand to work; and the heated carbon dioxide in the third regenerator enters the solar receiver and absorbs solar energy to reach operating temperature.
  • a temperature of carbon dioxide at a high pressure gas outlet of the first regenerator is equal to a temperature of carbon dioxide delivered from the second geothermal turbine to the second regenerator
  • the The temperature of the carbon dioxide at the high pressure gas outlet of the secondary regenerator is equal to the temperature of the carbon dioxide delivered from the third geothermal turbine to the third regenerator.
  • the pressure of the second carbon dioxide exhaust steam generated by the solar turbine is equal to the pressure of the first carbon dioxide exhaust steam generated by each of the geothermal turbines.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a geothermal and solar power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 includes at least three thermal reservoirs, at least three injection wells, at least three production wells, at least three geothermal turbines, a gas cooler 105, and a first regenerative The device 1061, the second regenerator 1062, the solar receiver 1071 and the solar turbine 1072.
  • At least three thermal reservoirs are spaced apart in the up and down direction.
  • the gas outlets of at least three injection wells are connected in one-to-one correspondence with at least three thermal reservoirs to inject carbon dioxide into at least three thermal reservoirs, and the inlets of at least three production wells and at least three thermal reservoirs are one by one Correspondingly connected to output carbon dioxide.
  • At least three geothermal turbine inlets are in one-to-one communication with the outlet ports of at least three production wells.
  • the number of thermal reservoirs, the number of injection wells, the number of production wells, and the number of geothermal turbines may be equal, one outlet of the injection well being connected to a thermal reservoir, one of the production wells
  • the air inlet is connected to a heat reservoir, and a hot air inlet of the ground is in communication with an air outlet of the production well.
  • the air inlet of the gas cooler 105 is in communication with the first air outlet of at least three geothermal turbines, and the air outlet of the gas cooler 105 is in communication with the air inlets of at least three injection wells. That is, the first air outlets of each of the geothermal turbines are in communication with the air inlets of the gas cooler 105, and the air inlets of each of the injection wells are in communication with the air outlets of the gas cooler 105.
  • the high pressure gas inlet of the first regenerator 1061 is in communication with an outlet of the uppermost one of the at least three production wells, and the low pressure gas outlet of the first regenerator 1061 is in communication with the gas cooler 105.
  • the high pressure gas inlet of the second regenerator 1062 communicates with the second gas outlet of one of the at least three geothermal turbines and the high pressure gas outlet of the first regenerator 1061, and the low pressure gas outlet of the second regenerator 1062
  • the low pressure gas inlet of a regenerator 1061 is in communication.
  • the air inlet of the one of the at least three geothermal turbines is in communication with an air outlet of at least one of the at least three production wells except one of the uppermost ones. That is, the production well that communicates with the inlet of the one of the at least three geothermal turbines is not the one produced at the top.
  • the thermal turbine in communication with the high pressure gas inlet of the second regenerator 1062 is referred to as a regenerative geothermal turbine, and the production well communicating with the regenerative geothermal inlet is not located at the top. Out of the well.
  • the intake of the solar receiver 1071 is in communication with the high pressure gas outlet of the second regenerator 1062.
  • the air inlet of the solar turbine 1072 communicates with the air outlet of the solar receiver 1071, and the air outlet of the solar turbine 1072 communicates with the low pressure gas inlet of the second regenerator 1062.
  • the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide at the wellhead of the production well are higher than the injection temperature of the injection well compared to the injection well. And stress. That is to say, as the temperature changes, the density of carbon dioxide changes relatively, which makes the enhanced geothermal system not only heat the carbon dioxide, but also compresses the compressor. At the same injection pressure and turbine outlet pressure, the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the production well increases as the depth of the thermal reservoir increases.
  • the heating and compression of the enhanced geothermal system can be utilized to replace the compressor in the solar thermal power generation system (i.e., the compressor operating at high temperature and high pressure as mentioned in the background section). Due to the need for solar thermal power generation Different grades of heat sources can therefore stratify the thermal reservoirs, thereby not only fully utilizing the injection and production wells, but also fully exploiting the heat of the thermal reservoirs, as well as obtaining heat sources of different grades.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 may include a geothermal power generation system and a solar thermal power generation system.
  • the geothermal power generation system comprises at least three thermal reservoirs, at least three injection wells, at least three production wells, at least three geothermal turbines and a gas cooler 105, the solar thermal power generation system including a first regenerator 1061 a second regenerator 1062, a solar receiver 1071, and a solar turbine 1072.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation method (i.e., the geothermal and solar power generation system 10) implemented by the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the heated carbon dioxide is delivered to the at least three geothermal turbines in a one-to-one correspondence by at least three production wells, and the carbon dioxide expands in at least three geothermal turbines to generate electric energy and the first carbon dioxide exhaust steam;
  • a portion of the heated carbon dioxide is delivered to the first regenerator 1061 through the uppermost one of the at least three production wells, and the carbon dioxide is depleted of the second carbon dioxide in the first regenerator 1061.
  • the one of the at least three geothermal turbines when the carbon dioxide in the one of the at least three geothermal turbines expands to a pressure equal to the pressure of the uppermost one of the at least three production wells A portion of the carbon dioxide is delivered to the second regenerator 1062 and is heated by the second carbon dioxide exhaust gas together with the heated carbon dioxide from the first regenerator 1061 in the second regenerator 1062, and the remaining carbon dioxide continues Inflated work
  • the heated carbon dioxide in the second regenerator 1062 then enters the solar receiver 1071 and absorbs the solar energy to reach the operating temperature, and finally the carbon dioxide reaching the operating temperature enters the solar turbine 1072 and expands to work to generate electrical energy and the first Two carbon dioxide exhausted steam.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 can provide at least three thermal reservoirs, so that other production wells other than the uppermost one of the production wells can be equivalent to the compressor to compress the carbon dioxide. .
  • the solar thermal power generation system of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 thus eliminates the need to provide a compressor, so that the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 employing the exhaust air reheating can be realized.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 can evacuate and heat part of the carbon dioxide in the geothermal turbine by providing the second regenerator 1062, thereby greatly improving geothermal heat and solar energy.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high thermal efficiency, and easy implementation.
  • a geothermal and solar power generation system 10 includes an upper injection well 1021, a middle injection well 1022, a lower injection well 1023, at least one upper production well 1031, and at least one medium production well 1032. At least one lower production well 1033, upper thermal reservoir 1011, middle thermal reservoir 1012, lower thermal reservoir 1013, first geothermal turbine 1041, second geothermal turbine 1042, third geothermal turbine 1043, three The compressor 108, the gas cooler 105, the first regenerator 1061, the second regenerator 1062, the third regenerator 1063, the solar receiver 1071, and the solar turbine 1072.
  • the geothermal turbine refers to a turbine used in the geothermal power generation system
  • the solar turbine 1072 refers to a turbine used in the solar thermal power generation system.
  • the geothermal power generation system of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is an enhanced geothermal (EGS) power generation system.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 is an enhanced geothermal and solar power generation system.
  • the upper thermal reservoir 1011 has a depth of 1900 m to 2100 m
  • the intermediate thermal reservoir 1012 has a depth of 3900 m to 4100 m
  • the lower thermal reservoir 1013 has a depth of 5900 m to 6100 m.
  • the temperature of the lower thermal reservoir 1013 is greater than the temperature of the intermediate thermal reservoir 1012
  • the temperature of the intermediate thermal reservoir 1012 is greater than the temperature of the upper thermal reservoir 1011.
  • the pressure of the carbon dioxide injected into the lower injection well 1023 is greater than the pressure of the carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate injection well 1022, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate injection well 1022 is greater than the pressure of the carbon dioxide injected into the upper injection well 1021.
  • the temperature of the carbon dioxide injected into the lower injection well 1023 is greater than the temperature of the carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate injection well 1022, and the temperature of the carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate injection well 1022 is greater than the temperature of the carbon dioxide injected into the upper injection well 1021.
  • the flow of carbon dioxide injected into the lower injection well 1023 is greater than the flow of carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate injection well 1022, and the flow of carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate injection well 1022 is greater than the flow of carbon dioxide injected into the upper injection well 1021.
  • the temperature of the carbon dioxide produced by the lower production well 1033 is greater than the temperature of the carbon dioxide produced by the middle production well 1032, and the temperature of the carbon dioxide produced by the production well 1032 is greater than the temperature of the carbon dioxide produced by the upper production well 1031.
  • the pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the lower production well 1033 is greater than the pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the middle production well 1032, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the production well 1032 is greater than the pressure of the carbon dioxide produced by the upper production well 1031.
  • the upper heat storage layer 1011 is connected to the air outlet of the upper injection well 1021 and the air inlet of at least one upper production well 1031, and the air outlet of the medium heat storage layer 1012 and the middle injection well 1022 and at least one middle production.
  • the intake ports of the outflow well 1032 are connected, and the lower thermal reservoir 1013 is connected to the air outlet of the lower injection well 1023 and the intake port of at least one lower production well 1033.
  • the carbon dioxide injected into the upper thermal reservoir 1011 from the upper injection well 1021 is heated by the upper thermal reservoir 1011, and the carbon dioxide injected into the intermediate thermal reservoir 1012 from the intermediate injection well 1022 is heated by the intermediate thermal reservoir 1012, and the lower injection well is The carbon dioxide injected into the lower thermal reservoir 1013 by 1023 is heated by the lower thermal reservoir 1013.
  • the air inlet of the first geothermal turbine 1041 communicates with the air outlet of the upper production well 1031 through the first flow regulating valve 1091.
  • the intake port of the second geothermal turbine 1042 communicates with the air outlet of the middle production well 1032, and the air inlet of the third geothermal turbine 1043 communicates with the air outlet of the upper production well 1031.
  • the heated carbon dioxide expands work in the first geothermal turbine 1041, the second geothermal turbine 1042, and the third geothermal turbine 1043, and produces a first carbon dioxide exhaust. That is, each of the first geothermal turbine 1041, the second geothermal turbine 1042, and the third geothermal turbine 1043 produces a first carbon dioxide exhaust.
  • the air inlet of the gas cooler 105 communicates with the first air outlet of each of the first geothermal turbine 1041, the second geothermal turbine 1042, and the third geothermal turbine 1043 to contact the first geothermal turbine 1041
  • the first carbon dioxide exhaust gas discharged from the two geothermal turbines 1042 and the third geothermal turbine 1043 is cooled.
  • the intake ports of the three compressors 108 are in communication with the air outlets of the gas cooler 105, that is, the intake ports of each of the compressors 108 are in communication with the air outlets of the gas cooler 105.
  • the air outlets of the three compressors 108 are in one-to-one correspondence with the intake ports of the upper injection well 1021, the intake ports of the intermediate injection wells 1022, and the intake ports of the lower injection wells 1023.
  • the air outlet of the first compressor 108 is in communication with the intake port of the upper injection well 1021, and the air outlet of the second compressor 108 is in communication with the intake port of the middle injection well 1022.
  • the third compressor 108 The air outlet is in communication with the air inlet of the lower injection well 1023.
  • the three first compressors 108 can be used to compress the cooled first carbon dioxide exhaust gas to a corresponding predetermined pressure, and then injected into the upper heat reservoir 1011 through the upper injection well 1021, the middle injection well 1022 and the lower injection well 1023, respectively.
  • the medium heat reservoir 1012 and the lower heat reservoir 1013 are examples of the upper heat reservoir 1011.
  • the first geothermal turbine 1041, the second geothermal turbine 1042 and the third geothermal turbine 1043 can be expanded to a desired pressure to increase the first geothermal turbine 1041 and the second geothermal turbine 1042. And the output work of the third geothermal turbine 1043.
  • the gas outlet of the gas cooler 105 communicates with the intake port of the first compressor 108 through the fifth flow regulating valve 1095, and the gas outlet of the gas cooler 105 passes through the sixth flow regulating valve 1096.
  • the air outlet of the gas cooler 105 communicates with the intake port of the third compressor 108 through the seventh flow regulating valve 1097.
  • the high pressure gas inlet of the first regenerator 1061 communicates with the outlet of the upper production well 1031 through the second flow regulating valve 1092, and the second geothermal turbine 1042
  • the second air outlet communicates with the high pressure gas inlet of the second regenerator 1062 through the third flow regulating valve 1093, and the second air outlet of the third geothermal turbine 1043 passes the high pressure of the fourth flow regulating valve 1094 and the third regenerator 1063.
  • the gas inlet is connected.
  • the low pressure gas outlet of the first regenerator 1061 is in communication with the intake port of the gas cooler 105.
  • the high pressure gas inlet of the second regenerator 1062 is in communication with the high pressure gas outlet of the first regenerator 1061, and the low pressure gas outlet of the second regenerator 1062 is in communication with the low pressure gas inlet of the first regenerator 1061.
  • the high pressure gas inlet of the third regenerator 1063 is in communication with the high pressure gas outlet of the second regenerator 1062, the low pressure gas outlet of the third regenerator 1063 and the second regenerator 1062 The low pressure gas inlet is connected.
  • the high pressure gas outlet of the third regenerator 1063 is in communication with the inlet of the solar receiver 1071, and the low pressure gas inlet of the third regenerator 1063 is in communication with the outlet of the solar turbine 1072.
  • a portion of the carbon dioxide produced by the production well 1031 is delivered to the first regenerator 1061, and the carbon dioxide is heated by the second carbon dioxide exhaust steam in the first regenerator 1061.
  • the heated carbon dioxide in the third regenerator 1063 enters the solar receiver 1071 and absorbs solar energy to reach the operating temperature. Finally, the carbon dioxide that reaches the operating temperature enters the solar turbine 1072 and expands to perform work to generate electrical energy and the second carbon dioxide exhaust.
  • the temperature of the carbon dioxide at the high pressure gas outlet of the first regenerator 1061 is equal to the temperature of the carbon dioxide delivered from the second geothermal turbine 1042 to the second regenerator 1062, and the high pressure gas outlet of the second regenerator 1062
  • the temperature of the carbon dioxide is equal to the temperature of the carbon dioxide delivered from the third geothermal turbine 1043 to the third regenerator 1063.
  • the pressure of the second carbon dioxide exhaust steam produced by the solar turbine 1072 is equal to the pressure of the first carbon dioxide exhaust steam produced by each geothermal turbine.
  • the present invention can determine the geothermal power generation system (basic load power generation system) and the power generation load (peak load power generation system) of the solar thermal power generation system according to characteristics and excitation conditions of the enhanced geothermal system.
  • the present invention can determine the operating pressure of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10, the injection pressure of the upper injection well 1021, and the injection pressure of the intermediate injection well 1022 according to the characteristics and excitation conditions of the enhanced geothermal system and the operating parameters of the solar receiver 1071. And the injection pressure of the injection well 1023.
  • the outlet temperature of the upper production well 1031 i.e., the temperature of the carbon dioxide at the outlet, the same below
  • the outlet temperature of the middle production well 1032, and the outlet temperature of the lower production well 1033 different thermal reservoirs are used according to the principle of energy matching.
  • the different grades of carbon dioxide produced are injected into the circulatory system.
  • the regenerative series of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 can be based on the specific heat capacity of the high and low pressure fluids as a function of temperature, and the outlet temperature of the upper production well 1031, the outlet temperature of the middle production well 1032, and the outlet temperature of the lower production well 1033. It is determined that the fluid in the high pressure fluid passage and the low pressure fluid passage in each regenerator operate at an optimum heat transfer temperature difference.
  • the invention accurately designs the regenerative heat number and the flow rate of each flow channel through the heat reservoir heat transfer flow calculation, the energy matching method and the carbon dioxide physical property analysis to achieve the optimal heat work conversion efficiency. Without considering the power consumption of the auxiliary and support systems other than the three compressors 108, the net output of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 is improved over the sum of the outputs of the separate enhanced geothermal power generation and solar thermal power generation, Thermal efficiency has increased by 1%. At the same time, through the flow distribution, the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 can satisfy the basic power load and the peak power load with minimum investment.
  • the upper thermal reservoir 1011 is located at a depth of 1900 meters to 2100 meters underground, the temperature of the upper thermal reservoir 1011 is 115 ° C, and the intermediate thermal reservoir 1012 is located at a depth of 3900 meters to 4100 meters underground.
  • the temperature of the medium heat reservoir 1012 is 205 ° C, the lower heat reservoir 1013 is located at a depth of 5900 meters to 6100 meters underground, and the temperature of the lower heat reservoir 1013 is 295 ° C.
  • the injection well 1021 is injected with carbon dioxide at a pressure of 9.4 MPa, a temperature of 40 ° C, and a flow rate of 39.0 kg/s.
  • the carbon dioxide is injected into the upper heat reservoir 1011 through the upper injection well 1021, and the carbon dioxide is absorbed in the upper heat reservoir 1011.
  • the output well 1031 is produced.
  • the upper production well 1031 produces carbon dioxide having a pressure of 13.0 MPa and a temperature of 75.2 °C.
  • Carbon dioxide is injected into the medium injection well 1022 at a pressure of 9.8 MPa, a temperature of 41.5 ° C, and a flow rate of 39.6 kg/s.
  • the carbon dioxide is injected into the intermediate heat reservoir 1012 through the injection well 1022, and the carbon dioxide passes through the heat in the medium heat reservoir 1012.
  • the output well 1032 is produced.
  • the middle production well 1032 produces carbon dioxide at a pressure of 20 MPa and a temperature of 147.9 °C.
  • the injection well 1023 is injected with a carbon dioxide having a pressure of 10.6 MPa, a temperature of 44.3 ° C, and a flow rate of 40.2 kg/s.
  • the carbon dioxide is injected into the lower heat reservoir 1013 through the lower injection well 1023, and the carbon dioxide is absorbed in the lower heat reservoir 1013 and then passed through Output well 1033 is produced.
  • the lower production well 1033 produces carbon dioxide having a pressure of 27.9 MPa and a temperature of 226.4 °C.
  • the carbon dioxide produced by the upper production well 1031 at a flow rate of 39.0 kg/s is divided into two by the first flow regulating valve 1091 and the second flow regulating valve 1092.
  • the carbon dioxide having a flow rate of 20.3 kg/s through the first flow regulating valve 1091 enters the first geothermal turbine 1041 and expands into work to become the first carbon dioxide-deficient steam, and the pressure is reduced to 8.2 MPa.
  • the first carbon dioxide exhaust gas enters the gas cooler 105 and is cooled to 35 ° C by the ambient medium.
  • the fifth flow rate adjusting valve 1095 adjusts the flow rate of carbon dioxide at 35 ° C discharged from the gas cooler 105 to 39.0 kg/s.
  • the carbon produced by the middle production well 1032 has a flow rate of 39.6 kg/s into the second geothermal turbine 1042 for expansion work.
  • carbon dioxide is reduced to 13.0 MPa by the expansion pressure, 5.6 kg/s of carbon dioxide is withdrawn from the second geothermal turbine 1042 and introduced into the high pressure gas inlet of the second regenerator 1062.
  • the remaining 34.0 kg/s of carbon dioxide continues to expand to 8.2 MPa in the second geothermal turbine 1042, becoming the first carbon dioxide exhaust.
  • the first carbon dioxide exhaust gas enters the gas cooler 105 and is cooled to 35 ° C by the ambient medium, and the sixth flow regulating valve 1096 is discharged from the gas cooler 105
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide at 35 ° C was adjusted to 39.6 kg / s.
  • Carbon dioxide having a flow rate of 39.6 kg/s enters the second compressor 108, and the second compressor 108 compresses carbon dioxide from 8.2 MPa to 9.8 MPa, and the temperature of the carbon dioxide is raised from 35 ° C to 41.5 ° C.
  • the second compressor 108 discharges 9.8 MPa of carbon dioxide at a temperature of 41.5 ° C into the intermediate heat reservoir 1012 through the injection well 1022.
  • the carbon dioxide produced by the lower production well 1033 is 40.2 kg/s of carbon dioxide and is expanded into the third geothermal turbine 1043 for work.
  • the carbon dioxide is expanded to a pressure of 13.0 MPa by expansion, 5.7 kg/s of carbon dioxide is withdrawn from the third geothermal turbine 1043 and introduced into the high pressure gas inlet of the third regenerator 1063.
  • the remaining 34.5 kg/s of carbon dioxide continues to expand to 8.2 MPa in the third geothermal turbine 1043, becoming the first carbon dioxide exhaust.
  • the first carbon dioxide exhaust gas enters the gas cooler 105 and is cooled to 35 ° C by the ambient medium, and the seventh flow regulating valve 1097 adjusts the flow rate of the carbon dioxide of 35 ° C discharged from the gas cooler 105 to 40.2 kg/s.
  • the third compressor 108 discharges 10.6 MPa of carbon dioxide at a temperature of 44.3 ° C through the lower injection well 1023 into the lower thermal reservoir 1013.
  • the carbon dioxide entering the first regenerator 1061 through the second flow regulating valve 1092 has a flow rate of 18.7 kg/s, and the temperature rises after the heat exchange with the carbon dioxide exhaust gas in the low pressure fluid passage of the first regenerator 1061. Up to 112.3 ° C.
  • the carbon dioxide having a temperature of 112.3 ° C is mixed with the carbon dioxide produced by the middle production well 1032 at a flow rate of 5.6 kg/s (ie, the carbon dioxide drawn from the second geothermal turbine 1042) and then enters the second regenerator 1062. After the high pressure fluid passage exchanges heat with the second carbon dioxide exhaust gas in the low pressure fluid passage of the second regenerator 1062, the temperature rises to 158.3 °C.
  • the carbon dioxide at a temperature of 158.3 ° C is mixed with the carbon dioxide produced by the lower production well 1033 at a flow rate of 5.7 kg/s (ie, the carbon dioxide drawn from the third geothermal turbine 1043) and then enters the third regenerator. After the high pressure fluid passage of 1063 exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide exhaust gas in the low pressure fluid passage of the third regenerator 1063, the temperature rises to 518.5 °C.
  • the carbon dioxide having a temperature of 518.5 ° C enters the solar receiver 1071, and after absorbing the solar energy, the temperature rises to 600 ° C, and becomes a high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide having a function.
  • the solar receiver 1071 can be a tower solar receiver.
  • the carbon dioxide having a temperature of 600 ° C enters the solar turbine 1072 for expansion work, and obtains a high-temperature second carbon dioxide-deficient steam having a temperature of 548.2 ° C and a pressure of 8.2 MPa.
  • the high temperature second carbon dioxide exhaust gas sequentially enters the low pressure fluid passages of the third regenerator 1063, the second regenerator 1062 and the first regenerator 1061, and releases heat to the carbon dioxide in the high pressure fluid passage, and the temperature is lowered.
  • the second carbon dioxide exhaust gas from the first regenerator 1061 having a flow rate of 30 kg/s is mixed with the first carbon dioxide exhaust steam from the first geothermal turbine 1041, the second geothermal turbine 1042 and the third geothermal turbine 1043
  • the gas cooler 105 is cooled.
  • the net output of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 is higher than the sum of the net output of the geothermal power generation system and the solar thermal power generation system, that is, the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 not only solves The key technical issues of high temperature and high pressure compression, while also improving the net output of the system.
  • the main reasons for the increase in the net output of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 are:
  • Carbon dioxide produced by at least three layers of thermal reservoirs is used as a basic fluid and a supplementary fluid of the solar energy system, so that the heat capacity of the fluid on the high pressure side of the at least three-stage regenerator is well matched with the heat capacity of the fluid on the low pressure side. Reduced heat transfer temperature difference.
  • the waste heat is fully absorbed by the working fluid on the high pressure side.
  • the temperature rise of the working fluid is only 73 ° C, that is, the high-grade characteristics of the solar energy are fully utilized, so that the available energy efficiency of the solar thermal power generation system is greatly improved.
  • the inventors performed a simulation calculation on the temperature distribution in the tertiary regenerator.
  • the first regenerator 1061, the second regenerator 1062 and the third regenerator 1063 are both counter-current tube-type heat exchangers, and the low-temperature high-pressure working fluid is outside the tube.
  • the heat transfer coefficient in the tube is based on Dang's empirical correlation, and the heat transfer coefficient under the condition that the carbon dioxide is heated outside the tube is Jackson's empirical correlation.
  • the heat capacity of the fluid inside and outside the casing of the first regenerator 1061, the second regenerator 1062, and the third regenerator 1063 is so well matched that heat is transferred at approximately the same isothermal temperature, thereby greatly reducing heat transfer. Irreversible losses, which greatly increase the utilization of heat.
  • the solar thermal power generation system of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 does not need to provide a compressor, the work consumed by the compressor is reduced.
  • the total power consumption of the three-stage compressor of the solar thermal power generation system is 0.612 MW, which accounts for the output work of the solar turbine 1072 (1.527 MW). 40%).
  • the heating and boosting action of the carbon dioxide by the enhanced geothermal system replaces the compressor without the need for compression work, so that the net output of the solar thermal power generation system is greatly increased (1.5748 MW) for solar energy circulation.
  • the additional work can be as much as 0.472 MW, that is, the gain from the use of the enhanced geothermal fluid in the solar thermal power generation system is greater.
  • the EGS power generation system with carbon dioxide as a working fluid not only has advantages in system performance, but also has the added benefit of carbon dioxide storage. Since the development cost of EGS is still high under the current state of the art, the carbon dioxide-EGS power generation system should bear the basic power load, and the peak load can be replaced by other energy sources. In areas with abundant geothermal energy, solar energy is generally abundant, so solar energy can be used to bear the peak power load.
  • the present invention proposes a solar-assisted EGS hybrid power generation system in which the carbon dioxide-EGS assumes a basic electrical load, while the solar-assisted EGS hybrid power generation system assumes a peak electrical load.
  • Geothermal and solar power generation system System 10 reduces the operating parameters of a solar thermal power generation system that uses carbon dioxide as a working fluid, and does not require a high temperature and high pressure resistant compressor, making the system easier to implement.
  • the net output of the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 is greater than the sum of the net output of the geothermal power generation system and the solar thermal power generation system. That is to say, the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 not only reduces the requirements on the system hardware, but also improves the net output of the system.
  • geothermal and solar power generation system 10 The reasons why the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 is realized and have good operational performance are as follows:
  • multi-layer excitation will reduce drilling costs, and the heat of the thermal reservoir will be developed and utilized as much as possible, multi-layer excitation can produce carbon dioxide of different temperature grades, which can be satisfied The optimization of solar energy systems is needed.
  • the number of coupling layers with solar energy depends on the outlet temperature of the solar receiver 1071, the endothermic pressure of the solar thermal power generation system, and the outlet pressure of the solar turbine 1072 to ensure the endothermic pressure and solar turbine in the solar thermal power generation system.
  • the outlet pressure of 1072 corresponds to a larger temperature difference than the heat capacity, which is better matched by the flow rate.
  • the geothermal and solar power generation system 10 combines solar energy with EGS to achieve optimal utilization of both, which is beneficial to the matching of power generation and power load.
  • part of the high-pressure carbon dioxide from the production well directly enters the geothermal turbine to work, and the other part is preheated by the regenerator and then enters the solar receiver 1071 to be further heated to a high temperature, and then enters the solar turbine 1072 to perform work.
  • solar energy it is possible to use solar energy to increase the CO2 output of the EGS and increase the output power during the peak period of power consumption.
  • the power load is low, it can be switched to the EGS power generation operation mode that uses only the carbon dioxide generated by the geothermal heat to drive the geothermal turbine.
  • the combination of EGS and advanced solar thermal power generation technology greatly reduces the operating pressure of the solar thermal power generation system (from 21 MPa to less than 15 MPa), the safety of the system operation is improved, the design difficulty of the equipment, and the materials used. reduce.
  • the net output of the geoelectric and solar power generation system 10 that is optimally matched is higher than the sum of the net output of the geothermal power generation system and the solar thermal power generation system.
  • the peak power is provided by the solar thermal power generation system, thereby avoiding over-development of the EGS and extending its service life.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. Or in one piece; it may be a mechanical connection, or it may be an electrical connection or a communication with each other; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be an internal connection of two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise expressly defined. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.

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Abstract

一种地热和太阳能联合发电系统(10)，包括：至少三个热储层（1011，1012，1013）；至少三个注入井（1021，1022，1023）和产出井（1031，1032，1033），热储层（1011，1012，1013）与注入井（1021，1022，1023）的出气口以及产出井（1031，1032，1033）的进气口相连；至少三个地热透平（1041，1042，1043），地热透平（1041，1042，1043）的进气口与产出井（1031，1032，1033）的出气口连通；气体冷却器（105）；第一回热器（1061）和第二回热器（1062），第一回热器（1061）的高压气体进口与产出井（1031，1032，1033）中的位于最上方的一个的出气口连通，第二回热器（1062）的高压气体进口与地热透平（1041，1042，1043）中的一个连通；太阳能接收器（1071），太阳能接收器（1071）的进气口与第二回热器（1062）连通；和太阳能透平（1072），太阳能透平（1072）的进气口与太阳能接收器（1071）连通且出气口与第二回热器（1062）连通。一种利用上述发电系统（10）实施的地热和太阳能联合发电方法。该发电系统（10）的制造成本低，热效率高。

Description

地热和太阳能联合发电系统及地热和太阳能联合发电方法 技术领域
本发明涉及地热和太阳能联合发电系统，还涉及地热和太阳能联合发电方法。
背景技术
现有的以二氧化碳为工质的地热和太阳能联合发电系统通过采用抽气压缩回热提高系统的热效率，其原因在于：二氧化碳的比热容随着压力的变化有较大的差异，例如，在200摄氏度内，15MPa的二氧化碳和8MPa的二氧化碳的比热容相差较大。这样，采用简单回热循环时，高压低温二氧化碳和低压高温二氧化碳在换热器中的热容(质量流量和比热容的乘积)相差较大，则传热温差会加大，系统的传热不可逆性加大。采用从低压乏汽中抽气压缩后回热和部分冷却的方法，可以降低高压侧的热容以使之与低压侧的二氧化碳的热容相匹配，减少传热温差，从而使得透平出口的乏汽中的热量通过回热得到尽可能的利用。
但是抽气压缩回热的实现需要压缩机在高温高压下高效运行。具体而言，在超临界流体布雷顿循环中，抽气压缩回热用的压缩机的工作环境非常恶劣，虽然压比不大，但二氧化碳的绝热指数大，二氧化碳的压缩终态的温度可能高达200摄氏度，运行压力也在20MPa以上，这给压缩机的设计和制造带来了许多问题。
目前，在高温高压下高效运行的压缩机还未商业化，从而导致利用抽气压缩回热来提高现有的地热和太阳能联合发电系统的热效率的方法还停留在实验室阶段。即便以后制造出在高温高压下高效运行的压缩机，也会极大地增加地热和太阳能联合发电系统的制造难度、制造成本和运行成本。
发明内容
本申请是基于发明人对以下事实和问题的发现和认识作出的：二氧化碳经过注入井的注入过程，热储层中的吸热过程以及产出井的产出过程以后，相比于注入井，二氧化碳在产出井井口的温度和压力皆高于注入井的注入温度和压力。也就是说，随着温度的变化，二氧化碳的密度变化比较大，这使得增强型地热系统不仅对二氧化碳起到了一个热源的加热作用，而且起到了一个压缩机的压缩作用。在相同注入压力和透平出口压力下，产出井产出的二氧化碳的温度和压力随着热储层深度的增加而提高。
因此，可以利用增强型地热系统的加热和压缩作用，来取代太阳能热发电系统中的压缩机(即背景技术部分提及的在高温高压下高效运行的压缩机)。由于太阳能热发电中需要 不同品位的热源，因此可以对热储层进行分层激发，由此不仅可以充分地利用注入和产出井，而且可以获得不同品位的热源。
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种具有制造成本低、热效率高的优点的地热和太阳能联合发电系统。
本发明还提出一种利用所述地热和太阳能联合发电系统实施的地热和太阳能联合发电方法。
根据本发明第一方面实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统包括：至少三个热储层，所述至少三个热储层沿上下方向间隔开地设置；至少三个注入井和至少三个产出井，所述至少三个注入井的出气口与所述至少三个热储层一一对应地相连以便向所述至少三个热储层注入二氧化碳，所述至少三个产出井的进气口与所述至少三个热储层一一对应地相连以便输出二氧化碳；至少三个地热透平，所述至少三个地热透平的进气口一一对应地与所述至少三个产出井的出气口连通；气体冷却器，所述气体冷却器的进气口与所述至少三个地热透平的第一出气口连通，所述气体冷却器的出气口与所述至少三个注入井的进气口连通；第一回热器和第二回热器，所述第一回热器的高压气体进口与所述至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个的出气口连通，所述第一回热器的低压气体出口与所述气体冷却器连通，所述第二回热器的高压气体进口与所述至少三个地热透平中的一个的第二出气口和所述第一回热器的高压气体出口连通，所述第二回热器的低压气体出口与所述第一回热器的低压气体进口连通，其中所述至少三个地热透平中的所述一个的进气口与所述至少三个产出井中的除了位于最上方的一个之外的一个产出井的出气口连通；太阳能接收器，所述太阳能接收器的进气口与所述第二回热器的高压气体出口连通；和太阳能透平，所述太阳能透平的进气口与所述太阳能接收器的出气口连通，所述太阳能透平的出气口与所述第二回热器的低压气体进口连通。
根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统具有制造成本低、热效率高的优点。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述地热和太阳能联合发电系统进一步包括至少三个压缩机，所述至少三个压缩机的进气口与所述气体冷却器的出气口连通，所述至少三个压缩机的出气口一一对应地与所述至少三个注入井的进气口连通。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述至少三个注入井包括上注入井、中注入井和下注入井，所述至少三个产出井包括至少一个上产出井、至少一个中产出井和至少一个下产出井，所述至少三个热储层包括与所述上注入井的出气口和所述上产出井的进气口相连的上热储层、与所述中注入井的出气口和所述中产出井的进气口相连的中热储层以及与所述下注入 井的出气口和所述下产出井的进气口相连的下热储层，所述至少三个地热透平包括第一地热透平、第二地热透平和第三地热透平，所述第一地热透平的进气口与所述上产出井的出气口连通，所述第二地热透平的进气口与所述中产出井的出气口连通，所述第三地热透平的进气口与所述上产出井的出气口连通。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一地热透平的进气口通过第一流量调节阀与所述上产出井的出气口连通，所述第一回热器的高压气体进口通过第二流量调节阀与所述上产出井的出气口连通。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第二回热器的高压气体进口与所述第二地热透平的第二出气口连通，所述地热和太阳能联合发电系统进一步包括：第三回热器，所述第三回热器的高压气体进口与所述第三地热透平的第二出气口和所述第二回热器的高压气体出口连通，所述第三回热器的高压气体出口与所述太阳能接收器的进气口连通，所述第三回热器的低压气体进口与所述太阳能透平的出气口连通，所述第三回热器的低压气体出口与所述第二回热器的低压气体进口连通。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第二地热透平的第二出气口通过第三流量调节阀与所述第二回热器的高压气体进口连通，所述第三地热透平的第二出气口通过第四流量调节阀与所述第三回热器的高压气体进口连通。
根据本发明第二方面实施例的利用根据本发明第一方面所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统实施的地热和太阳能联合发电方法，所述地热和太阳能联合发电方法包括以下步骤：提供所述至少三个热储层；通过所述至少三个注入井一一对应地向所述至少三个热储层内注入二氧化碳，以便利用所述至少三个热储层对二氧化碳进行加热；通过所述至少三个产出井一一对应地向所述至少三个地热透平输送被加热的二氧化碳，二氧化碳在所述至少三个地热透平中膨胀做功以便产生电能和第一二氧化碳乏汽；利用所述气体冷却器冷却所述第一二氧化碳乏汽，然后通过所述至少三个注入井一一对应地向所述至少三个热储层内注入所述第一二氧化碳；和在用电高峰时，通过所述至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个将一部分被加热的二氧化碳输送到所述第一回热器内，二氧化碳在所述第一回热器内被第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，当所述至少三个地热透平中的所述一个内的二氧化碳膨胀到压力等于所述至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个产出的二氧化碳的压力时，所述至少三个地热透平中的所述一个内的二氧化碳的一部分被输送到所述第二回热器并在所述第二回热器内与来自所述第一回热器的被加热的二氧化碳一起被所述第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，余下的二氧化碳继续膨胀做功；然后所述第二回热器内的被加热的二氧化碳进入到所述太阳能接收器内并吸收太阳能以便达到运行温度，最后达到运行温度的二氧化碳进入到所述太阳能透平中并膨胀做功以便产生电能和所述第二二氧化碳乏汽。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述地热和太阳能联合发电方法进一步包括利用所述至少三个压缩机将冷却后的所述第一二氧化碳乏汽压缩到相应的预定压力，然后通过所述至少三个注入井一一对应地向所述至少三个热储层内注入相应的具有预定压力的所述第一二氧化碳。
根据本发明的一个实施例，注入到所述中注入井的二氧化碳的压力大于注入到所述上注入井的二氧化碳的压力且小于注入到所述下注入井的二氧化碳的压力，注入到所述中注入井的二氧化碳的温度大于注入到所述上注入井的二氧化碳的温度且小于注入到所述下注入井的二氧化碳的温度，注入到所述中注入井的二氧化碳的流量大于注入到所述上注入井的二氧化碳的流量且小于注入到所述下注入井的二氧化碳的流量，所述中产出井产出的二氧化碳的温度大于所述上产出井产出的二氧化碳的温度且小于所述下产出井产出的二氧化碳的温度，所述中产出井产出的二氧化碳的压力大于所述上产出井产出的二氧化碳的压力且小于所述下产出井产出的二氧化碳的压力。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述地热和太阳能联合发电方法进一步包括：当所述第三地热透平内的二氧化碳膨胀到压力等于所述上产出井产出的二氧化碳的压力时，所述第三地热透平内的二氧化碳的一部分被输送到所述第三回热器并在所述第三回热器内与来自所述第二回热器的被加热的二氧化碳一起被所述第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，余下的二氧化碳继续膨胀做功；和所述第三回热器内的被加热的二氧化碳进入到所述太阳能接收器内并吸收太阳能以便达到运行温度。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一回热器的高压气体出口处的二氧化碳的温度等于从所述第二地热透平输送到所述第二回热器的二氧化碳的温度，所述第二回热器的高压气体出口处的二氧化碳的温度等于从所述第三地热透平输送到所述第三回热器的二氧化碳的温度。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述太阳能透平产生的所述第二二氧化碳乏汽的压力等于每个所述地热透平产生的所述第一二氧化碳乏汽的压力。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参考附图描述根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10。如图1所示， 根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10包括至少三个热储层、至少三个注入井、至少三个产出井、至少三个地热透平、气体冷却器105、第一回热器1061、第二回热器1062、太阳能接收器1071和太阳能透平1072。
至少三个热储层沿上下方向间隔开地设置。至少三个注入井的出气口与至少三个热储层一一对应地相连以便向至少三个热储层注入二氧化碳，至少三个产出井的进气口与至少三个热储层一一对应地相连以便输出二氧化碳。至少三个地热透平的进气口一一对应地与至少三个产出井的出气口连通。
换言之，热储层的数量、该注入井的数量、该产出井的数量和该地热透平的数量可以相等，一个该注入井的出气口与一个热储层相连，一个该产出井的进气口与一个热储层相连，一个该地热透平的进气口与一个该产出井的出气口连通。
气体冷却器105的进气口与至少三个地热透平的第一出气口连通，气体冷却器105的出气口与至少三个注入井的进气口连通。也就是说，每个该地热透平的第一出气口均与气体冷却器105的进气口连通，每个该注入井的进气口均与气体冷却器105的出气口连通。
第一回热器1061的高压气体进口与至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个的出气口连通，第一回热器1061的低压气体出口与气体冷却器105连通。第二回热器1062的高压气体进口与至少三个地热透平中的一个的第二出气口和第一回热器1061的高压气体出口连通，第二回热器1062的低压气体出口与第一回热器1061的低压气体进口连通。
其中，至少三个地热透平中的所述一个的进气口与至少三个产出井中的除了位于最上方的一个之外的一个产出井的出气口连通。也就是说，与至少三个地热透平中的所述一个的进气口连通的产出井不是位于最上方的一个产出井。换言之，与第二回热器1062的高压气体进口连通地热透平称之为回热地热透平，那么与该回热地热透平的进气口连通的产出井不是位于最上方的一个产出井。
太阳能接收器1071的进气口与第二回热器1062的高压气体出口连通。太阳能透平1072的进气口与太阳能接收器1071的出气口连通，太阳能透平1072的出气口与第二回热器1062的低压气体进口连通。
二氧化碳经过注入井的注入过程，热储层中的吸热过程以及产出井的产出过程以后，相比于注入井，二氧化碳在产出井井口的温度和压力皆高于注入井的注入温度和压力。也就是说，随着温度的变化，二氧化碳的密度变化比较大，这使得增强型地热系统不仅对二氧化碳起到了一个热源的加热作用，而且起到了一个压缩机的压缩作用。在相同注入压力和透平出口压力下，产出井产出的二氧化碳的温度和压力随着热储层深度的增加而提高。
因此，可以利用增强型地热系统的加热和压缩作用，来取代太阳能热发电系统中的压缩机(即背景技术部分提及的在高温高压下高效运行的压缩机)。由于太阳能热发电中需要 不同品位的热源，因此可以对热储层进行分层激发，由此不仅可以在充分地利用注入和产出井的情况下，充分开发热储层的热量，而且可以获得不同品位的热源。
根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10可以包括地热发电系统和太阳能热发电系统。其中，该地热发电系统包括至少三个热储层、至少三个注入井、至少三个产出井、至少三个地热透平和气体冷却器105，该太阳能热发电系统包括第一回热器1061、第二回热器1062、太阳能接收器1071和太阳能透平1072。
下面参考图1描述利用根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10实施的地热和太阳能联合发电方法(即地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的)工作过程。根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电方法包括以下步骤：
提供至少三个热储层；
通过至少三个注入井一一对应地向至少三个热储层内注入二氧化碳，以便利用至少三个热储层对二氧化碳进行加热；
通过至少三个产出井一一对应地向至少三个地热透平输送被加热的二氧化碳，二氧化碳在至少三个地热透平中膨胀做功以便产生电能和第一二氧化碳乏汽；
利用气体冷却器105冷却第一二氧化碳乏汽，然后通过至少三个注入井一一对应地向至少三个热储层内注入第一二氧化碳；和
在用电高峰时，通过至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个将一部分被加热的二氧化碳输送到第一回热器1061内，二氧化碳在第一回热器1061内被第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，
当至少三个地热透平中的所述一个内的二氧化碳膨胀到压力等于至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个产出的二氧化碳的压力时，至少三个地热透平中的所述一个内的二氧化碳的一部分被输送到第二回热器1062并在第二回热器1062内与来自第一回热器1061的被加热的二氧化碳一起被该第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，余下的二氧化碳继续膨胀做功；
然后第二回热器1062内的被加热的二氧化碳进入到太阳能接收器1071内并吸收太阳能以便达到运行温度，最后达到运行温度的二氧化碳进入到太阳能透平1072中并膨胀做功以便产生电能和该第二二氧化碳乏汽。
根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10通过设置至少三个热储层，从而可以使除了位于最上方的一个产出井之外的其他产出井相当于压缩机以便对二氧化碳进行压缩。由此地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的该太阳能热发电系统无需再设置压缩机，从而可以使采用抽气回热的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10得以实现。
而且，根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10通过设置第二回热器1062，从而可以对该地热透平中的部分二氧化碳进行抽气回热，由此可以极大地提高地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的热效率。
因此，根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10具有结构简单、制造成本低、热效率高、易于实施等优点。
如图1所示，根据本发明的一些实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10包括上注入井1021、中注入井1022、下注入井1023、至少一个上产出井1031、至少一个中产出井1032、至少一个下产出井1033、上热储层1011、中热储层1012、下热储层1013、第一地热透平1041、第二地热透平1042、第三地热透平1043、三个压缩机108、气体冷却器105、第一回热器1061、第二回热器1062、第三回热器1063、太阳能接收器1071和太阳能透平1072。
其中，地热透平是指用于该地热发电系统的透平，太阳能透平1072是指用于该太阳能热发电系统的透平。
有利地，根据本发明实施例的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的地热发电系统为增强型地热(EGS)发电系统。换言之，地热和太阳能联合发电系统10为增强型地热和太阳能联合发电系统。
具体而言，上热储层1011的深度为1900米-2100米，中热储层1012的深度为3900米-4100米，下热储层1013的深度为5900米-6100米。下热储层1013的温度大于中热储层1012的温度，中热储层1012的温度大于上热储层1011的温度。
注入到下注入井1023的二氧化碳的压力大于注入到中注入井1022的二氧化碳的压力，注入到中注入井1022的二氧化碳的压力大于注入到上注入井1021的二氧化碳的压力。注入到下注入井1023的二氧化碳的温度大于注入到中注入井1022的二氧化碳的温度，注入到中注入井1022的二氧化碳的温度大于注入到上注入井1021的二氧化碳的温度。注入到下注入井1023的二氧化碳的流量大于注入到中注入井1022的二氧化碳的流量，注入到中注入井1022的二氧化碳的流量大于注入到上注入井1021的二氧化碳的流量。
下产出井1033产出的二氧化碳的温度大于中产出井1032产出的二氧化碳的温度，中产出井1032产出的二氧化碳的温度大于上产出井1031产出的二氧化碳的温度。下产出井1033产出的二氧化碳的压力大于中产出井1032产出的二氧化碳的压力，中产出井1032产出的二氧化碳的压力大于上产出井1031产出的二氧化碳的压力。
如图1所示，上热储层1011与上注入井1021的出气口和至少一个上产出井1031的进气口相连，中热储层1012与中注入井1022的出气口和至少一个中产出井1032的进气口相连，下热储层1013与下注入井1023的出气口和至少一个下产出井1033的进气口相连。由上注入井1021注入到上热储层1011内的二氧化碳被上热储层1011加热，由中注入井1022注入到中热储层1012内的二氧化碳被中热储层1012加热，由下注入井1023注入到下热储层1013内的二氧化碳被下热储层1013加热。
第一地热透平1041的进气口通过第一流量调节阀1091与上产出井1031的出气口连通， 第二地热透平1042的进气口与中产出井1032的出气口连通，第三地热透平1043的进气口与上产出井1031的出气口连通。加热后的二氧化碳在第一地热透平1041、第二地热透平1042和第三地热透平1043内膨胀做功，并产生第一二氧化碳乏汽。也就是说，第一地热透平1041、第二地热透平1042和第三地热透平1043中的每一个都产生第一二氧化碳乏汽。
气体冷却器105的进气口与第一地热透平1041、第二地热透平1042和第三地热透平1043中的每一个的第一出气口连通，以便对第一地热透平1041、第二地热透平1042和第三地热透平1043排出的第一二氧化碳乏汽进行冷却。
如图1所示，三个压缩机108的进气口与气体冷却器105的出气口连通，即每个压缩机108的进气口都与气体冷却器105的出气口连通。三个压缩机108的出气口一一对应地与上注入井1021的进气口、中注入井1022的进气口和下注入井1023的进气口连通。
具体而言，第一个压缩机108的出气口与上注入井1021的进气口连通，第二个压缩机108的出气口与中注入井1022的进气口连通，第三个压缩机108的出气口与下注入井1023的进气口连通。由此可以利用三个压缩机108将冷却后的第一二氧化碳乏汽压缩到相应的预定压力，然后通过上注入井1021、中注入井1022和下注入井1023分别注入到上热储层1011、中热储层1012和下热储层1013内。
通过设置压缩机108，从而可以使第一地热透平1041、第二地热透平1042和第三地热透平1043膨胀到理想的压力，以便提高第一地热透平1041、第二地热透平1042和第三地热透平1043的输出功。
在本发明的一个具体示例中，气体冷却器105的出气口通过第五流量调节阀1095与第一个压缩机108的进气口连通，气体冷却器105的出气口通过第六流量调节阀1096与第二个压缩机108的进气口连通，气体冷却器105的出气口通过第七流量调节阀1097与第三个压缩机108的进气口连通。由此可以通过第五流量调节阀1095、第六流量调节阀1096和第七流量调节阀1097调节进入到上注入井1021、中注入井1022和下注入井1023内的二氧化碳的流量。
如图1所示，在本发明的一些示例中，第一回热器1061的高压气体进口通过第二流量调节阀1092与上产出井1031的出气口连通，第二地热透平1042的第二出气口通过第三流量调节阀1093与第二回热器1062的高压气体进口连通，第三地热透平1043的第二出气口通过第四流量调节阀1094与第三回热器1063的高压气体进口连通。
其中，第一回热器1061的低压气体出口与气体冷却器105的进气口连通。第二回热器1062的高压气体进口与第一回热器1061的高压气体出口连通，第二回热器1062的低压气体出口与第一回热器1061的低压气体进口连通。第三回热器1063的高压气体进口与第二回热器1062的高压气体出口连通，第三回热器1063的低压气体出口与第二回热器1062的 低压气体进口连通。第三回热器1063的高压气体出口与太阳能接收器1071的进气口连通，第三回热器1063的低压气体进口与太阳能透平1072的出气口连通。
在用电高峰时，将上产出井1031产出的二氧化碳的一部分输送到第一回热器1061内，二氧化碳在第一回热器1061内被第二二氧化碳乏汽加热。
当第二地热透平1042内的二氧化碳膨胀到压力等于上产出井1031产出的二氧化碳的压力时，第二地热透平1042内的二氧化碳的一部分被输送到第二回热器1062并在第二回热器1062内与来自第一回热器1061的被加热的二氧化碳一起被该第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，第二地热透平1042内的余下的二氧化碳继续膨胀做功。
当第三地热透平1043内的二氧化碳膨胀到压力等于上产出井1031产出的二氧化碳的压力时，第三地热透平1043内的二氧化碳的一部分被输送到第三回热器1063并在第三回热器1063内与来自第二回热器1062的被加热的二氧化碳一起被该第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，第三地热透平1043内的余下的二氧化碳继续膨胀做功。
第三回热器1063内的被加热的二氧化碳进入到太阳能接收器1071内并吸收太阳能而达到运行温度。最后，达到运行温度的二氧化碳进入到太阳能透平1072中并膨胀做功以便产生电能和该第二二氧化碳乏汽。
有利地，第一回热器1061的高压气体出口处的二氧化碳的温度等于从第二地热透平1042输送到第二回热器1062的二氧化碳的温度，第二回热器1062的高压气体出口处的二氧化碳的温度等于从第三地热透平1043输送到第三回热器1063的二氧化碳的温度。
在本发明的一个示例中，太阳能透平1072产生的第二二氧化碳乏汽的压力等于每个地热透平产生的第一二氧化碳乏汽的压力。
本发明可以根据增强型地热系统的特性和激发情况，来确定该地热发电系统(基本负荷发电系统)和该太阳能热发电系统的发电负荷(峰值负荷发电系统)。
本发明可以根据增强型地热系统的特性和激发情况以及太阳能接收器1071的运行参数，来确定地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的运行压力、上注入井1021的注入压力、中注入井1022的注入压力和下注入井1023的注入压力。本发明根据上产出井1031的出口温度(即出口处二氧化碳的温度，以下同)、中产出井1032的出口温度和下产出井1033的出口温度，按照能量匹配的原则，将不同热储层产出的不同品位的二氧化碳分别注入循环系统中。
地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的回热级数可以依据高低压流体的比热容随温度的变化特点、以及上产出井1031的出口温度、中产出井1032的出口温度和下产出井1033的出口温度来确定，以使各个回热器中的高压流体通道和低压流体通道内的流体以最优传热温差运行。
本发明通过热储层传热流动计算、能量匹配方法以及二氧化碳物性分析，精确设计回热级数、各流道流量，以达到最优的热功转换效率。在不考虑除三个压缩机108之外的辅助及保障系统的用电，地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的净输出比单独的增强型地热发电和太阳能热发电的输出之和有所提高，使得热效率提高了1％。同时，通过流量分配使得地热和太阳能联合发电系统10在最小投资的情况下，既能够满足基本用电负荷，同时也能够保证峰值用电负荷。
在本发明的一个具体示例中，上热储层1011位于地下1900米-2100米深处，上热储层1011的温度为115℃，中热储层1012位于地下3900米-4100米深处，中热储层1012的温度为205℃，下热储层1013位于地下5900米-6100米深处，下热储层1013的温度为295℃。
向上注入井1021中注入压力为9.4MPa、温度为40℃、流量为39.0kg/s的二氧化碳，二氧化碳通过上注入井1021注入上热储层1011，二氧化碳在上热储层1011中吸收热量后通过上产出井1031产出。上产出井1031产出压力为13.0MPa、温度为75.2℃的二氧化碳。
向中注入井1022注入压力为9.8MPa、温度为41.5℃、流量为39.6kg/s的二氧化碳，二氧化碳通过中注入井1022注入中热储层1012，二氧化碳在中热储层1012中吸收热量后通过中产出井1032产出。中产出井1032产出压力为20MPa、温度为147.9℃的二氧化碳。
向下注入井1023注入压力为10.6MPa、温度为44.3℃、流量为40.2kg/s的二氧化碳，二氧化碳通过下注入井1023注入下热储层1013，二氧化碳在下热储层1013中吸收热量后通过下产出井1033产出。下产出井1033产出压力为27.9MPa、温度为226.4℃的二氧化碳。
上产出井1031产出的流量为39.0kg/s的二氧化碳通过第一流量调节阀1091和第二流量调节阀1092分成两股。其中，通过第一流量调节阀1091的流量为20.3kg/s的二氧化碳进入第一地热透平1041中膨胀做功后变成第一二氧化碳乏汽，压力降低到8.2MPa。该第一二氧化碳乏汽进入气体冷却器105中被环境介质冷却到35℃。第五流量调节阀1095将从气体冷却器105排出的35℃的二氧化碳的流量调节为39.0kg/s。流量为39.0kg/s的二氧化碳进入第一个压缩机108，第一个压缩机108将二氧化碳流体从8.2MPa压缩到9.4MPa，二氧化碳流体的温度从35℃升高到40℃。第一个压缩机108排出的压力为9.4MPa、温度为40℃的二氧化碳通过上注入井1021进入上热储层1011中。
中产出井1032产出的流量为39.6kg/s的二氧化碳进入第二地热透平1042中膨胀做功。当二氧化碳经过膨胀压力降低到13.0MPa时，即从第二地热透平1042中抽出5.6kg/s的二氧化碳，将之引入第二回热器1062的高压气体进口。余下的34.0kg/s的二氧化碳在第二地热透平1042中继续膨胀到8.2MPa，变成第一二氧化碳乏汽。该第一二氧化碳乏汽进入气体冷却器105中被环境介质冷却到35℃，第六流量调节阀1096将从气体冷却器105排出 的35℃的二氧化碳的流量调节为39.6kg/s。流量为39.6kg/s的二氧化碳进入第二个压缩机108，第二个压缩机108将二氧化碳从8.2MPa压缩到9.8MPa，二氧化碳的温度从35℃升高到41.5℃。第二个压缩机108排出的压力为9.8MPa、温度为41.5℃的二氧化碳通过中注入井1022进入中热储层1012中。
下产出井1033产出的流量为40.2kg/s的二氧化碳进入第三地热透平1043中膨胀做功。当二氧化碳经过膨胀做功压力降低到13.0MPa时，即从第三地热透平1043中抽出5.7kg/s的二氧化碳，将之引入第三回热器1063的高压气体进口。余下的34.5kg/s的二氧化碳在第三地热透平1043中继续膨胀到8.2MPa，变成第一二氧化碳乏汽。该第一二氧化碳乏汽进入气体冷却器105中被环境介质冷却到35℃，第七流量调节阀1097将从气体冷却器105排出的35℃的二氧化碳的流量调节为40.2kg/s。流量为40.2kg/s的二氧化碳进入第三个压缩机108，第三个压缩机108将二氧化碳从8.2MPa压缩到10.6MPa，二氧化碳的温度从35℃升高到44.3℃。第三个压缩机108排出的压力为10.6MPa、温度为44.3℃的二氧化碳通过下注入井1023进入下热储层1013中。
通过第二流量调节阀1092的流量为18.7kg/s的二氧化碳进入第一回热器1061的高压流体通道，与第一回热器1061的低压流体通道内的二氧化碳乏汽换热后，温度升高到112.3℃。温度为112.3℃的二氧化碳与中产出井1032产出的流量为5.6kg/s的同温同压的二氧化碳(即从第二地热透平1042引来的二氧化碳)混合后进入第二回热器1062的高压流体通道，并与第二回热器1062的低压流体通道内的第二二氧化碳乏汽换热后，温度升高到158.3℃。温度为158.3℃的二氧化碳与下产出井1033产出的流量为5.7kg/s的同温同压的二氧化碳(即从第三地热透平1043引来的二氧化碳)混合后进入第三回热器1063的高压流体通道，并与第三回热器1063的低压流体通道内的二氧化碳乏汽换热后，温度升高到518.5℃。
温度为518.5℃的二氧化碳进入太阳能接收器1071中，吸收太阳能后温度升高到600℃，成为高温、高压的具有做功能力的二氧化碳。有利地，太阳能接收器1071可以是塔式太阳能接收器。
温度为600℃的二氧化碳进入太阳能透平1072中膨胀做功，得到温度为548.2℃、压力为8.2MPa的高温第二二氧化碳乏汽。该高温第二二氧化碳乏汽依次进入第三回热器1063、第二回热器1062和第一回热器1061的低压流体通道内，并向高压流体通道内的二氧化碳放热，温度降低。来自第一回热器1061的流量为30kg/s的第二二氧化碳乏汽与来自第一地热透平1041、第二地热透平1042和第三地热透平1043的第一二氧化碳乏汽混合后进入气体冷却器105被冷却。
在太阳能辅助的地热发电系统，由于太阳能的加入，相对于原基本负荷循环，混合系统的运行性能和净输出会有所提高。但是，没有人对混合系统的净输出与太阳能系统和基 本负荷系统的净输出之和进行比较。因为一般说来，混合系统的净输出会低于太阳能系统和基本负荷系统的净输出之和。
针对400℃-600℃的太阳能最高加热温度，地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的净输出高于该地热发电系统和该太阳能热发电系统的净输出之和，即地热和太阳能联合发电系统10不但解决了高温高压压缩的关键技术问题，同时还提高了系统的净输出。
使地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的净输出提高的主要原因在于：
(1)以至少三层热储层产出的二氧化碳作为太阳能系统的基本流体和补充流体，使得至少三级回热器中高压侧的流体与低压侧的流体的热容得到很好的匹配，减少了传热温差。以400℃太阳能最终加热温度为例，工作流体经过三级回热之后，温度升高到了326℃，而太阳能透平1072的出口乏汽的温度为353℃，即太阳能透平1072产生的乏汽的废热被高压侧的工作流体充分吸收。在太阳能接收器1071中，工作流体的温升只有73℃，即充分利用了太阳能的高品位特性，因此该太阳能热发电系统的可用能效率得到极大的提高。
发明人对三级回热器中的温度分布进行了模拟计算。在计算中，假设第一回热器1061、第二回热器1062和第三回热器1063均为逆流套管式换热器，高温乏汽走管内，低温高压工作流体走管外。管内换热系数采用Dang的经验关联式，管外二氧化碳被加热条件下的换热系数采用Jackson的经验关联式。第一回热器1061、第二回热器1062和第三回热器1063的套管内外流体的热容匹配非常好，以至于在近似等温差下传热，因此极大地减少了传热的不可逆损失，从而极大地提高了热量的利用率。
(2)由于地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的该太阳能热发电系统无需设置压缩机，因此减少了压缩机消耗的功。以400℃的工作温度且该太阳能热发电系统设置三级压缩机为例，该太阳能热发电系统的三级压缩机的总耗功量为0.612MW，占太阳能透平1072的输出功(1.527MW)的40％。在混合循环中，利用增强型地热系统对二氧化碳的加热和升压作用，代替压缩机，而无需压缩功支出，使得该太阳能热发电系统的净输出大大增加(1.5748MW)，而用于太阳能循环的增强型地热系统产生的二氧化碳如果进行单独的热发电循环，可多发出的功仅为0.472MW，即将增强型地热流体用于太阳能热发电系统中可获得的收益更大。
以二氧化碳为工质的EGS发电系统不但在系统性能方面具有优势，而且还可获得二氧化碳埋存的附加效益。由于EGS的开发成本在当前技术水平下仍然较高，因此二氧化碳-EGS发电系统宜承担基本用电负荷，峰值负荷可用其他能源来代替。在地热能丰富的地区，一般来说太阳能也很丰富，因此可用太阳能来承担峰值用电负荷。
本发明提出了一个太阳能辅助的EGS混合发电系统，其中由二氧化碳-EGS承担基本用电负荷，而太阳能辅助EGS混合发电系统承担峰值用电负荷。地热和太阳能联合发电系 统10降低了以二氧化碳为工质的太阳能热发电系统的工作参数，且无需耐高温高压的压缩机，使系统更易实现。而且，地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的净输出大于该地热发电系统和该太阳能热发电系统的净输出之和。也就是说，地热和太阳能联合发电系统10不仅降低了对系统硬件的要求，而且可以提高系统的净输出。
地热和太阳能联合发电系统10得以实现并具有较好的运行性能的原因如下：
1、充分利用二氧化碳的物性特点：二氧化碳在注入井和产出井中密度有极大的不同，而产生浮升力，最终使得二氧化碳在产出井的井口压力大于在注入井的注入压力，即二氧化碳在热储层中的注入产出过程中，热储层既具有热源的作用，也具有泵的作用，从而使二者耦合后，全部取消了太阳能系统所需要的耐高温高压的抽气回热压缩机。同时，常规太阳能热发电系统中需要的庞大的储热系统不再需要。
2、多层激发的概念的提出：多层(至少三层)激发将降低钻井成本，且使热储层的热量得到尽可能的开发利用，多层激发可产生不同温度品位的二氧化碳，可满足太阳能系统的优化需要。
3、与太阳能耦合层数取决于太阳能接收器1071的出口温度、该太阳能热发电系统的吸热压力和太阳能透平1072的出口压力，保证在该太阳能热发电系统的吸热压力和太阳能透平1072的出口压力对应的比热容相差较大的温度范围内通过流量的补充得到较好的热匹配。
地热和太阳能联合发电系统10将太阳能与EGS相结合，可实现二者的优化利用，有利于发电量与用电负荷的匹配。在用电高峰期，来自产出井的高压二氧化碳一部分直接进入地热透平做功，另一部分则通过回热器预热后进入太阳能接收器1071被进一步加热到高温，然后进入太阳能透平1072做功，这样就可以做到在用电高峰期利用太阳能将EGS输出的CO2提高品位而多输出功。而在用电负荷较低的夜晚，可切换为仅利用地热产生的二氧化碳驱动地热透平发电的EGS发电运行模式。
而且，以EGS与先进太阳能热发电技术相结合，极大地降低了该太阳能热发电系统的运行压力(从21MPa降低到了不到15MPa)，系统运行的安全性得到提高，设备的设计难度、用料降低。
此外，经过优化匹配的地热和太阳能联合发电系统10的净输出高于该地热发电系统和该太阳能热发电系统的净输出的和。峰值电量由该太阳能热发电系统提供，从而可以避免EGS的过度开发，可延长其使用寿命。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于 附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或彼此可通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种地热和太阳能联合发电系统，其特征在于，包括：
    至少三个热储层，所述至少三个热储层沿上下方向间隔开地设置；
    至少三个注入井和至少三个产出井，所述至少三个注入井的出气口与所述至少三个热储层一一对应地相连以便向所述至少三个热储层注入二氧化碳，所述至少三个产出井的进气口与所述至少三个热储层一一对应地相连以便输出二氧化碳；
    至少三个地热透平，所述至少三个地热透平的进气口一一对应地与所述至少三个产出井的出气口连通；
    气体冷却器，所述气体冷却器的进气口与所述至少三个地热透平的第一出气口连通，所述气体冷却器的出气口与所述至少三个注入井的进气口连通；
    第一回热器和第二回热器，所述第一回热器的高压气体进口与所述至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个的出气口连通，所述第一回热器的低压气体出口与所述气体冷却器连通，所述第二回热器的高压气体进口与所述至少三个地热透平中的一个的第二出气口和所述第一回热器的高压气体出口连通，所述第二回热器的低压气体出口与所述第一回热器的低压气体进口连通，其中所述至少三个地热透平中的所述一个的进气口与所述至少三个产出井中的除了位于最上方的一个之外的一个产出井的出气口连通；
    太阳能接收器，所述太阳能接收器的进气口与所述第二回热器的高压气体出口连通；和
    太阳能透平，所述太阳能透平的进气口与所述太阳能接收器的出气口连通，所述太阳能透平的出气口与所述第二回热器的低压气体进口连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统，其特征在于，进一步包括至少三个压缩机，所述至少三个压缩机的进气口与所述气体冷却器的出气口连通，所述至少三个压缩机的出气口一一对应地与所述至少三个注入井的进气口连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统，其特征在于，所述至少三个注入井包括上注入井、中注入井和下注入井，所述至少三个产出井包括至少一个上产出井、至少一个中产出井和至少一个下产出井，所述至少三个热储层包括与所述上注入井的出气口和所述上产出井的进气口相连的上热储层、与所述中注入井的出气口和所述中产出井的进气口相连的中热储层以及与所述下注入井的出气口和所述下产出井的进气口相连的下热储层，
    所述至少三个地热透平包括第一地热透平、第二地热透平和第三地热透平，所述第一地热透平的进气口与所述上产出井的出气口连通，所述第二地热透平的进气口与所述中产 出井的出气口连通，所述第三地热透平的进气口与所述上产出井的出气口连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统，其特征在于，所述第一地热透平的进气口通过第一流量调节阀与所述上产出井的出气口连通，所述第一回热器的高压气体进口通过第二流量调节阀与所述上产出井的出气口连通。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统，其特征在于，所述第二回热器的高压气体进口与所述第二地热透平的第二出气口连通，所述地热和太阳能联合发电系统进一步包括：
    第三回热器，所述第三回热器的高压气体进口与所述第三地热透平的第二出气口和所述第二回热器的高压气体出口连通，所述第三回热器的高压气体出口与所述太阳能接收器的进气口连通，所述第三回热器的低压气体进口与所述太阳能透平的出气口连通，所述第三回热器的低压气体出口与所述第二回热器的低压气体进口连通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统，其特征在于，所述第二地热透平的第二出气口通过第三流量调节阀与所述第二回热器的高压气体进口连通，所述第三地热透平的第二出气口通过第四流量调节阀与所述第三回热器的高压气体进口连通。
  7. 一种利用根据权利要求1所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统实施的地热和太阳能联合发电方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    提供所述至少三个热储层；
    通过所述至少三个注入井一一对应地向所述至少三个热储层内注入二氧化碳，以便利用所述至少三个热储层对二氧化碳进行加热；
    通过所述至少三个产出井一一对应地向所述至少三个地热透平输送被加热的二氧化碳，二氧化碳在所述至少三个地热透平中膨胀做功以便产生电能和第一二氧化碳乏汽；
    利用所述气体冷却器冷却所述第一二氧化碳乏汽，然后通过所述至少三个注入井一一对应地向所述至少三个热储层内注入所述第一二氧化碳；和
    在用电高峰时，通过所述至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个将一部分被加热的二氧化碳输送到所述第一回热器内，二氧化碳在所述第一回热器内被第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，当所述至少三个地热透平中的所述一个内的二氧化碳膨胀到压力等于所述至少三个产出井中的位于最上方的一个产出的二氧化碳的压力时，所述至少三个地热透平中的所述一个内的二氧化碳的一部分被输送到所述第二回热器并在所述第二回热器内与来自所述第一回热器的被加热的二氧化碳一起被所述第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，余下的二氧化碳继续膨胀做功；
    然后所述第二回热器内的被加热的二氧化碳进入到所述太阳能接收器内并吸收太阳能以便达到运行温度，最后达到运行温度的二氧化碳进入到所述太阳能透平中并膨胀做功以便产生电能和所述第二二氧化碳乏汽。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的地热和太阳能联合发电方法，其特征在于，所述地热和太阳能联合发电系统为根据权利要求2所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统，所述地热和太阳能联合发电方法进一步包括利用所述至少三个压缩机将冷却后的所述第一二氧化碳乏汽压缩到相应的预定压力，然后通过所述至少三个注入井一一对应地向所述至少三个热储层内注入相应的具有预定压力的所述第一二氧化碳。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的地热和太阳能联合发电方法，其特征在于，所述地热和太阳能联合发电系统为根据权利要求3或4所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统，
    注入到所述中注入井的二氧化碳的压力大于注入到所述上注入井的二氧化碳的压力且小于注入到所述下注入井的二氧化碳的压力，注入到所述中注入井的二氧化碳的温度大于注入到所述上注入井的二氧化碳的温度且小于注入到所述下注入井的二氧化碳的温度，注入到所述中注入井的二氧化碳的流量大于注入到所述上注入井的二氧化碳的流量且小于注入到所述下注入井的二氧化碳的流量，
    所述中产出井产出的二氧化碳的温度大于所述上产出井产出的二氧化碳的温度且小于所述下产出井产出的二氧化碳的温度，所述中产出井产出的二氧化碳的压力大于所述上产出井产出的二氧化碳的压力且小于所述下产出井产出的二氧化碳的压力。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的地热和太阳能联合发电方法，其特征在于，所述地热和太阳能联合发电系统为根据权利要求5或6所述的地热和太阳能联合发电系统，所述地热和太阳能联合发电方法进一步包括：
    当所述第三地热透平内的二氧化碳膨胀到压力等于所述上产出井产出的二氧化碳的压力时，所述第三地热透平内的二氧化碳的一部分被输送到所述第三回热器并在所述第三回热器内与来自所述第二回热器的被加热的二氧化碳一起被所述第二二氧化碳乏汽加热，余下的二氧化碳继续膨胀做功；和
    所述第三回热器内的被加热的二氧化碳进入到所述太阳能接收器内并吸收太阳能以便达到运行温度。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的地热和太阳能联合发电方法，其特征在于，所述第一回热器的高压气体出口处的二氧化碳的温度等于从所述第二地热透平输送到所述第二回热器的二氧化碳的温度，所述第二回热器的高压气体出口处的二氧化碳的温度等于从所述第三地热透平输送到所述第三回热器的二氧化碳的温度。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的地热和太阳能联合发电方法，其特征在于，所述太阳能透平产生的所述第二二氧化碳乏汽的压力等于每个所述地热透平产生的所述第一二氧化碳乏汽的压力。
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