WO2016187894A1 - 带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器 - Google Patents

带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016187894A1
WO2016187894A1 PCT/CN2015/080593 CN2015080593W WO2016187894A1 WO 2016187894 A1 WO2016187894 A1 WO 2016187894A1 CN 2015080593 W CN2015080593 W CN 2015080593W WO 2016187894 A1 WO2016187894 A1 WO 2016187894A1
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Prior art keywords
phase
power module
power
microprocessor
inverter
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄风太
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more AC dynamo-electric motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inverter with an expandable combinable power module, belonging to a motor drive system, in particular to the field of new energy electric vehicles.
  • the present invention relates to an electric vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or a battery electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle includes an electric motor and an inverter driven by a high voltage battery, and the electric vehicle may also contain a high voltage DC/DC converter.
  • the electric vehicle includes types of multiphase motors and multiphase inverters, such as 3-phase, 6-phase, 9-phase automotive motors and inverters.
  • Electric vehicles include electric drive systems (inverters) and traction motors (stator + rotors).
  • the electric drive systems of each type of hybrid or battery electric vehicles are different, due to different power, speed, torque, current, etc.
  • the requirements of the inverter hardware and software have different requirements, such as the following problems: 1) versatility is not strong, increase management costs (because the model of the electric drive system is bound to be many; 2) based on the original electric drive system, reverse
  • the transformers are not expandable and combinable, ie once the load (motor or other) changes, the original inverter is not suitable and must be redeveloped, resulting in a significant increase in development time and development costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an inverter with an expandable and combinable power module, which can flexibly expand and combine according to different loads, is applicable to a plurality of different loads, is flexible and convenient, has high versatility, can shorten development cycle, and reduces development. Cost, reduce product models, reduce management costs, and facilitate maintenance.
  • the inverter with the expandable combinable power module comprises a microprocessor, a power module and a driving circuit, and the power module is connected to the microprocessor through a driving circuit, and the microprocessor drives the power module through the driving circuit, wherein the power module is characterized by:
  • the number M is variable, ranging from 3 to N, N being an integer greater than 3, and the number M of power modules is determined according to load requirements.
  • the power modules can be combined to accommodate different loads.
  • Each of the power modules described above is connected to the microprocessor through a driving circuit, and the microprocessor drives one power module through one driving circuit.
  • the power modules described above are single-phase half-bridge structures consisting of an electronic switch of the upper half bridge and an electronic switch of the lower half bridge.
  • the electronic switch of the upper half bridge and the electronic switch of the lower half bridge described above are all IGBTs, and the emitter of the IGBT of the upper half bridge and the collector of the IGBT of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out, and the IGBT of the upper half bridge The collector and gate lead-out pins, the lower half of the IGBT's gate and emitter lead-out pins.
  • the electronic switch of the upper half bridge and the electronic switch of the lower half bridge described above are both MOSFETs, the source of the MOSFET of the upper half bridge and the drain of the MOSFET of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out, and the MOSFET of the upper half bridge The drain and gate are pulled out of the pin, and the lower half of the MOSFET's gate and source are pulled out of the pin.
  • the microprocessor described above invokes different operating program modules according to different loads to accommodate changes in the number of power modules.
  • the microprocessor described above stores a plurality of running program modules, and each running program module corresponds to a load.
  • the load is: one 9-phase motor, or three independent 3-phase motors, or one 3-phase motor and one 6-phase motor, or 1 set of 3 3-phase motors, or 1 3-phase motor, or 1 3-phase motor and 1 dual 3-phase motor, or 1 6-phase motor and 1 3-phase inductor, or 1 double 3-phase motor and one 3-phase inductor, or two 3-phase motors and one 3-phase inductor.
  • the load is: one 6-phase motor, or two independent 3-phase motors, or one dual 3-phase motor, or one 3-phase. Motor and a 3-phase inductor.
  • the load is one 3-phase motor and one single-phase inductor.
  • the driving circuit described above is integrated with the power module, and the two output ends of the driving circuit are respectively connected to the electronic switch of the upper half bridge and the electronic switch of the lower half bridge.
  • the microprocessor described above is also connected with a parameter detecting circuit.
  • the output end of the microprocessor drives the power module through the driving circuit, and the parameter detecting circuit detects the DC bus voltage, the DC bus current, the motor position signal, the phase current signal, and the motor temperature signal.
  • the temperature signal of the power module sends the above signal to the microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor, the driving circuit and the parameter detecting circuit are all powered by a power board, and a filter circuit and a DC-DC conversion circuit are arranged on the power board, and the 12VDC or 24VDC power supply is sequentially connected to the filter circuit and the DC-DC conversion circuit, DC -DC
  • the output of the conversion circuit supplies a low voltage DC power supply to each circuit.
  • the invention has the following effects:
  • the number M of inverter power modules of the present invention is variable, ranging from 3 to N, N is an integer greater than 3, and the number M of power modules is determined according to load requirements, and may be added or Reduce the power module to suit different loads, flexible and convenient, and versatile, which can shorten the development cycle, reduce development costs, reduce product models and reduce management costs;
  • the traditional method is to scrap the entire inverter.
  • the invention can replace the original damaged power module by expanding the power module.
  • the maintenance is simple, the maintenance price is low, and the entire reverse is avoided. A major loss caused by the transformer.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a conventional inverter
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram corresponding to Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a power module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram of adding a driving circuit based on FIG. 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of Application Example 1 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of an application example 3 of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of Application Example 4 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of Application Example 1 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of Application Example 2 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of Application Example 3 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of Application Example 4 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of an application example 7 of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view showing an application example 9 of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an application example 1 of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an application example 2 of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a diagram showing another circuit configuration of the power module of the present invention.
  • the conventional inverter includes a microprocessor, an electronic switch module, a driving circuit unit and a detecting circuit, the electronic switch module uses an IGBT module, and the IGBT module has 6 IGBTs, which constitute a 3-phase full bridge.
  • the structure is immutable.
  • the six IGBTs are all integrated on one circuit board and are not expandable. Therefore, they cannot be well adapted to different loads and have poor versatility.
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the inverter with the expandable combinable power module of the present invention comprises a microprocessor, a power module and a driving circuit, and the power module is connected to the micro processing through a driving circuit.
  • the microprocessor drives the power module through the driving circuit, wherein the number M of the power modules is variable, ranging from 3 to N, N is an integer greater than 3, and the number of power modules M is determined according to the load needs.
  • the power modules shown in Figures 5 and 6 are single-phase half-bridge structures consisting of an electronic switch of the upper half bridge and an electronic switch of the lower half bridge.
  • the electronic switches of the upper half bridge and the electronic switches of the lower half bridge are both IGBTs.
  • the emitter of the IGBT of the upper half bridge and the collector of the IGBT of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out (as a high voltage output), and the collector and gate of the IGBT of the upper half bridge are led out.
  • the number of connected power modules is selected, and the microprocessor calls different running program modules according to different loads.
  • the number M of the power modules in FIG. 3 is equal to 6. After the six power modules are determined, the power modules can be combined to adapt. For each load, each power module has a high voltage output connected to the load.
  • the microprocessor calls different operating program modules according to different loads to accommodate changes in the number of power modules.
  • the microprocessor stores a plurality of running program modules, each running program module corresponding to a load or a microprocessor Only one running program module is stored in it, and the new running program module is rewritten each time the load is replaced.
  • the connected load in the first embodiment is a 6-phase motor, and the high-voltage output terminals of the 6 power modules are respectively connected to the 1-phase coil windings of the 6-phase motor.
  • Application load example 2 of the first embodiment is two independent 3-phase motors, and the high-voltage output terminals of the three power modules are respectively connected to each of the three-phase motors.
  • the phase coil windings, the high voltage outputs of the other three power modules are respectively connected to the coil windings of the other phase of the other three-phase motor.
  • the connected load in the first embodiment is a 3-phase motor and a 3-phase inductor, and the high-voltage outputs of the three power modules are respectively connected to one 3-phase.
  • the 3-phase coil winding of the motor, the high-voltage output terminals of the other three power modules are respectively connected to another 3-phase inductor coil, and the three power modules and the 3-phase inductor coil form a DC-DC boost circuit.
  • the connected load in the first embodiment is a dual 3-phase motor.
  • the dual 3-phase motor shares a 6-phase coil winding and is divided into two groups.
  • the 6-phase coil winding shares a stator, a rotor and a casing.
  • the two 3-phase coil windings are juxtaposed in the same weld groove of the same stator.
  • the stator, the rotor and the casing are shared, and the six high-voltage output terminals of the six power modules are respectively connected to the coil windings of the respective phases of the dual 3-phase motor.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the inverter with the expandable combinable power module includes a microprocessor, a power module and a driving circuit, and the power module is connected to the microprocessor through the driving circuit.
  • the processor drives the power module through the driving circuit, wherein the number M of the power modules is variable, ranging from 3 to N, N is an integer greater than 3, and the number M of power modules is according to the load. Need to be determined.
  • the power modules shown in Figures 5 and 6 are single-phase half-bridge structures consisting of an electronic switch of the upper half bridge and an electronic switch of the lower half bridge.
  • the electronic switches of the upper half bridge and the electronic switches of the lower half bridge are both IGBTs.
  • the emitter of the IGBT of the upper half bridge and the collector of the IGBT of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out (as a high voltage output), and the collector and gate of the IGBT of the upper half bridge are led out.
  • the number of connected power modules is selected, and the microprocessor calls different running program modules according to different loads.
  • the number M of power modules is equal to 9, after the 9 power modules are determined, the power modules can be combined.
  • each power module has a high voltage output connected to the load.
  • the microprocessor calls different operating program modules according to different loads to accommodate changes in the number of power modules.
  • the microprocessor stores a plurality of running program modules, each running program module corresponds to a load or only one running program module is stored in the microprocessor, and the new running program module is rewritten each time the load is replaced.
  • Example 2 Application Load Example 1: As shown in FIG. 11, the connected load in the second embodiment is a 9-phase motor, and the 9 high-voltage outputs of the 9 power modules are respectively connected to the phase coil windings of the 9-phase motor. .
  • the connected load in the second embodiment is a three-phase three-phase motor
  • the three 3-phase motor has a nine-phase coil winding and is divided into three groups each having a 3-phase coil winding.
  • the three sets of coil windings share the stator, the rotor and the casing.
  • the three sets of 3-phase coil windings are nested side by side on the same weld groove of the same stator, sharing the stator, the rotor and the casing, and the 9 high-voltage output terminals are respectively connected.
  • the coil windings of each phase of the three 3-phase motor are respectively connected.
  • the connected load in the second embodiment is three independent 3-phase motors, and the three high-voltage outputs of the three power modules are respectively connected to the first three-phase.
  • the 3-phase coil winding of the motor, the 3 high-voltage outputs of the other 3 power modules are respectively connected to the 3-phase coil winding of the second 3-phase motor, and the three high-voltage outputs of the other three power modules are respectively connected to the third 3-phase coil 3-phase coil winding of the motor.
  • the connected load in the second embodiment is a 3-phase motor and a 6-phase motor, and 3 high-voltage outputs of the three power modules are respectively connected to one.
  • the coil windings of each phase of the 3-phase motor, and the 6 high-voltage outputs of the remaining 6 power modules are respectively connected to the coil windings of each phase of a 6-phase motor.
  • the connected load in the second embodiment is a 3-phase motor and a dual 3-phase motor, and the dual 3-phase motor shares a 6-phase coil winding and Divided into two groups, the 6-phase coil windings share the stator, the rotor and the casing.
  • the two sets of 3-phase coil windings are juxtaposed nested on the same welt groove of the same stator, sharing the stator, rotor and casing, and 6 powers.
  • the six high-voltage output terminals of the module are respectively connected to the coil windings of the two-phase motor, and the three high-voltage output terminals of the other three power modules are respectively connected to the coil windings of each phase of one 3-phase motor.
  • the connected load in the second embodiment is a 3-phase inductor and a dual 3-phase motor, and the dual 3-phase motor shares a 6-phase coil winding and Divided into two groups, the 6-phase coil windings share the stator, the rotor and the casing.
  • the two sets of 3-phase coil windings are juxtaposed nested on the same welt groove of the same stator, sharing the stator, rotor and casing, and 6 powers.
  • the six high-voltage output terminals of the module are respectively connected to the coil windings of the two-phase motors, and the three high-voltage output terminals of the other three power modules are respectively connected to the respective phase coils of one 3-phase inductor.
  • Three power modules and one 3-phase inductor form a 3-phase DC-DC boost circuit.
  • the connected load in the second embodiment is two 3-phase motors and one 3-phase inductor, and three high-voltage outputs of three power modules are respectively connected to one.
  • the coil windings of each phase of the 3-phase motor, and the three high-voltage outputs of the other three power modules are respectively connected to the respective coil windings of the other 3-phase motor, and the remaining three power modes
  • the three high-voltage outputs of the block are respectively connected to each phase coil of a 3-phase inductor, and three power modules and one 3-phase inductor form a 3-phase DC-DC boost circuit.
  • the connected load in the second embodiment is a 3-phase inductor and a 6-phase motor, wherein the three high-voltage outputs of the three power modules are respectively connected to one.
  • Each phase coil of the 3-phase inductor, the 6 high-voltage outputs of the remaining 6 power modules are respectively connected to the coil windings of a 6-phase motor, 3 power modules and 1 3-phase inductor form a 3-phase DC-DC riser. Pressure circuit.
  • Application load example 9 of the second embodiment As shown in FIG. 19, the connected load in the second embodiment is a 3-phase motor, and 9 power modules are combined, each of which is a group of 3, each group of 3
  • the gates of the IGBTs of the upper half bridge are connected together to input signals, and the gates of the IGBTs of each group of three lower half bridges are connected to input signals together, and the collectors of the IGBTs of each group of three upper half bridges are connected and DC bus connection, the emitters of the IGBTs of each group of 3 lower half bridges are connected and connected to the DC bus, and each group is connected between the emitter of the IGBT of the upper half bridge and the collector of the IGBT of the lower half bridge.
  • the ends are connected and connected to the 3-phase motor 1-phase coil winding.
  • Such a connection method can expand the maximum allowable operating current and voltage.
  • the maximum allowable current of one power module connected to the one-phase winding is 150A
  • the maximum allowable current for connecting the three-phase power modules in parallel with the one-phase winding is 450A. To achieve the purpose of expansion.
  • Embodiment 3 As shown in FIG. 20, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the inverter with the expandable combinable power module of the present invention comprises a microprocessor, a power module and a driving circuit, and the power module is connected to the micro processing through a driving circuit.
  • the microprocessor drives the power module through the driving circuit, wherein the number M of the power modules is variable, ranging from 3 to N, N is an integer greater than 3, and the number of power modules M is determined according to the load needs.
  • the power modules shown in Figures 5 and 6 are single-phase half-bridge structures consisting of an electronic switch of the upper half bridge and an electronic switch of the lower half bridge.
  • the electronic switches of the upper half bridge and the electronic switches of the lower half bridge are both IGBTs.
  • the emitter of the IGBT of the upper half bridge and the collector of the IGBT of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out (as a high voltage output), and the collector and gate of the IGBT of the upper half bridge are led out.
  • the microprocessor calls different running program modules according to different loads.
  • the number M of the power modules in FIG. 3 is equal to 4, and after the four power modules are determined, the power modules can be combined.
  • each power module has a high voltage output connected to the load.
  • the microprocessor calls different operating program modules according to different loads to accommodate changes in the number of power modules.
  • the microprocessor stores a plurality of running program modules, and each running program module corresponds to a load or a micro Only one running program module is stored in the processor, and the new running program module is rewritten each time the load is replaced.
  • the load connected in the third embodiment is a 3-phase motor and a single-phase inductor, wherein three high-voltage outputs of three power modules are respectively connected to the coil windings of one phase of one 3-phase motor, and the other power module is used for connection.
  • the single-phase inductor, the single-phase inductor and one power module form a single-phase DC-DC boost circuit.
  • the microprocessor is connected with a parameter detecting circuit, and the output end of the microprocessor drives the power module through the driving circuit, and the parameter detecting circuit detects the DC bus voltage, the DC bus current, the motor position signal, the phase current signal, the motor temperature signal, and the temperature of the power module.
  • the signal is sent to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor, the driving circuit and the parameter detecting circuit are all powered by the power board.
  • the power board is provided with a filter circuit and a DC-DC conversion circuit, and the 12VDC or 24VDC power supply is sequentially connected to the filter circuit. And a DC-DC conversion circuit, the output of the DC-DC conversion circuit supplies a low-voltage DC power supply to each circuit.
  • Embodiment 4 The inverter with the expandable combinable power module of the present invention comprises a microprocessor, a power module and a driving circuit.
  • the power module is connected to the microprocessor through a driving circuit, and the microprocessor drives the power module through the driving circuit. It is characterized in that the number M of power modules is variable, ranging from 3 to N, N is an integer greater than 3, and the number M of power modules is determined according to load requirements.
  • the power modules shown in Figures 5 and 6 are single-phase half-bridge structures consisting of an electronic switch of the upper half bridge and an electronic switch of the lower half bridge. The electronic switches of the upper half bridge and the electronic switches of the lower half bridge are both IGBTs.
  • the emitter of the IGBT of the upper half bridge and the collector of the IGBT of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out (as a high voltage output), and the collector and gate of the IGBT of the upper half bridge are led out.
  • the microprocessor calls different running program modules according to different loads.
  • the number M of the power modules in FIG. 3 is equal to 8, and after the eight power modules are determined, the power modules can be combined to adapt.
  • each power module has a high voltage output connected to the load.
  • the microprocessor calls different operating program modules according to different loads to accommodate changes in the number of power modules.
  • the microprocessor stores a plurality of running program modules, each running program module corresponds to a load or only one running program module is stored in the microprocessor, and the new running program module is rewritten each time the load is replaced.
  • Example 4 Application Load Example 1: As shown in FIG. 21, the connected load in the fourth embodiment is a 6-phase motor and a two-phase inductor, wherein three power modules are combined with three power modules to form six high voltages. The output ends are respectively connected to a 6-phase coil winding of a 6-phase motor, and the remaining 2 power modules are used to connect two-phase inductors. The two-phase inductor and two power modules form a two-phase DC-DC boost circuit.
  • Application load example 2 of the fourth embodiment is two 3-phase motors.
  • the three high-voltage outputs of the three power modules are respectively connected to the 3-phase coil winding of a 3-phase motor, and the three high-voltage outputs of the three power modules are respectively connected to the 3-phase coil windings of the other 3-phase motor, and the other two
  • the power module is used to connect two-phase inductors, and the two-phase inductor and two power modules form a two-phase DC-DC boost circuit.
  • Embodiment 5 The inverter with the expandable combinable power module of the present invention comprises a microprocessor, a power module and a driving circuit, and the power module is connected to the microprocessor through a driving circuit, and the microprocessor drives the power module through the driving circuit. It is characterized in that the number M of power modules is variable, ranging from 3 to N, N is an integer greater than 3, and the number M of power modules is determined according to load requirements.
  • the power modules shown in Figures 5 and 6 are single-phase half-bridge structures consisting of an electronic switch of the upper half bridge and an electronic switch of the lower half bridge. The electronic switches of the upper half bridge and the electronic switches of the lower half bridge are both IGBTs.
  • the emitter of the IGBT of the upper half bridge and the collector of the IGBT of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out (as a high voltage output), and the collector and gate of the IGBT of the upper half bridge are led out.
  • the microprocessor calls different running program modules according to different loads.
  • the number M of the power modules in FIG. 3 is equal to 10, and after the 10 power modules are determined, the power modules can be combined to adapt.
  • each power module has a high voltage output connected to the load.
  • the microprocessor calls different operating program modules according to different loads to accommodate changes in the number of power modules.
  • the microprocessor stores a plurality of running program modules, each running program module corresponds to a load or only one running program module is stored in the microprocessor, and the new running program module is rewritten each time the load is replaced.
  • Example 5 Application Load Example 1: As shown in FIG. 23, the connected load in the fifth embodiment is three independent 3-phase motors and single-phase inductors, and three high-voltage outputs of the three power modules are respectively connected.
  • the 3-phase coil winding of a 3-phase motor, the three high-voltage outputs of the other three power modules are respectively connected to the 3-phase coil winding of the second 3-phase motor, and the remaining 4 power modules select 3 power modules, 3
  • One high-voltage output terminal is respectively connected to the 3-phase coil winding of the third 3-phase motor, and the remaining one power module is used to connect the single-phase inductor, and the single-phase inductor and one power module constitute a single-phase DC-DC boost circuit .
  • the number of power modules of the original inverter is three, but it should not be limited to three, and may be six, five, four, twelve, etc., and the number is not limited.
  • Embodiment 6 A motor comprising a motor body and an inverter, the motor body being driven by an inverter, the motor body comprising a stator assembly, a rotor assembly and a casing, the stator assembly comprising a stator core and a coil winding, the inverse
  • An inverter with an expandable combinable power module including an inverter with a scalable combinable power module, including a microprocessor,
  • the power module, the driving circuit, and the power module are connected to the microprocessor through a driving circuit, and the microprocessor drives the power module through the driving circuit, wherein the number M of the power modules is variable, and the range is from 3 to N.
  • N is an integer greater than 3, and the number M of power modules is determined according to load requirements.
  • the power modules shown in Figures 5 and 6 are single-phase half-bridge structures consisting of an electronic switch of the upper half bridge and an electronic switch of the lower half bridge.
  • the electronic switches of the upper half bridge and the electronic switches of the lower half bridge are both IGBTs. Or other power switching elements, the emitter of the IGBT of the upper half bridge and the collector of the IGBT of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out (as a high voltage output), and the collector and gate of the IGBT of the upper half bridge are led out.
  • the embodiments described above are only a few typical embodiments. Since the number M of different power modules of the load is constantly changing, all the embodiments cannot be exhaustive, and it should be inferred by those skilled in the art from the above facts.
  • the number M of power modules of the present invention can be continuously expanded.
  • the number M of power modules is 15 for driving independent 5-band 3-phase motors, and for example, the number M of power modules is 18, of which 15 power modules It is used to drive independent 5-band 3-phase motors, and the remaining 3 power modules are used to connect three-phase inductors.
  • the three-phase inductor and three power modules form a three-phase DC-DC boost circuit.
  • the electronic switch used in the power module of FIG. 5 of the present invention is an IGBT, and these IGBTs can be replaced by MOSFETs (commonly known as MOS tubes), as shown in FIG. 24, the electronic switches of the upper half bridge and the electronic switches of the lower half bridge are both The MOSFET, the source of the MOSFET of the upper half bridge and the drain of the MOSFET of the lower half bridge are connected and lead out (as a high voltage output), the drain and gate of the MOSFET of the upper half bridge are taken out, and the lower half of the bridge The gate and source of the MOSFET are pulled out of the pin.
  • MOSFETs commonly known as MOS tubes

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Abstract

带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定，功率模块的数量M的数值确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载。它适用多种不同的负载，灵活方便，通用性强，可缩短开发周期，降低开发成本。

Description

带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器 技术领域：
本发明涉及带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，属于电机驱动系统，尤其涉及新能源电动汽车领域。
背景技术：
本发明涉及电动汽车,如混合动力汽车或电池电动汽车。所说的电动汽车包括电机和由高压电池驱动的逆变器，所述的电动汽车也可能含有高压直流/直流转换器。具体来说,包括多相电机和多相逆变器的类型,如3-相,6-相,9-相的汽车电机和逆变器。
电动汽车包括电驱动系统(逆变器)和牵引电机(定子+转子)，每种类型的混合动力汽车或电池电动汽车的电驱动系统都是不同的，因功率、转速、力矩、电流等不同的要求导致逆变器的软硬件有不同的要求，这样存在如下的问题：1)通用性不强，增加管理成本(因为电驱动系统的型号必然很多；2)在原来电驱动系统基础上，逆变器不可扩展和组合，即一旦负载(电机或者其它)发生变化，原来的逆变器就不适应，必须重新开发，导致开发时间和开发成本的大幅增加。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，可根据负载的不同灵活扩展组合，适用多种不同的负载，灵活方便，通用性强，可缩短开发周期，降低开发成本，减少产品型号降低管理费用，便于维修。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的：
带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定。
上述所述的功率模块的数量M的数值确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载。
上述所述的每个功率模块通过1个驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过1个驱动电路来驱动1个功率模块。
上述所述的功率模块都是由上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关组成的单相半桥结构。
上述所述的上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是IGBT，上半桥的IGBT的发射极和下半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来并引出引脚，上半桥的IGBT的集电极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的IGBT的栅极和发射极引出引脚。
上述所述的上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是MOSFET，上半桥的MOSFET的源极和下半桥的MOSFET的漏极连接起来并引出引脚，上半桥的MOSFET的漏极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的MOSFET的栅极和源极引出引脚。
上述所述的微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块以适应功率模块的数量的变化。
上述所述的微处理器里面存储多个运行程序模块，每个运行程序模块对应一种负载。
上述所述的微处理器里面只存储1个运行程序模块，每次更换负载时重新写入新的运行程序模块。
上述所述当微处理器控制9个功率模块时，负载是：1台9相电机，或者是3台各自独立的3相电机，或者是1台3相电机和1台6相电机，或者是1台三3相电机，或者是1台3相电机，或者是1台3相电机和1台双3相电机，或者是1台6相电机和1个3相电感器，或者是1台双3相电机和1个3相电感器，或者是2台3相电机和1个3相电感器。
上述所述的当微处理器控制6个功率模块时，负载是：1台6相电机，或者是2台各自独立的3相电机，或者是1台双3相电机，或者是1台3相电机和1个3相电感器。
上述所述当微处理器控制4个功率模块时，负载是1台3相电机和1个单相电感器。
上述所述的驱动电路与功率模块集成为一体，驱动电路的两个输出端分别连接上半桥的电子开关与下半桥的电子开关。
上述所述的微处理器还连接有参数检测电路，微处理器的输出端通过驱动电路驱动功率模块，参数检测电路检测直流母线电压、直流母线电流、电机位置信号、相电流信号、电机温度信号、功率模块的温度信号并将上述信号送到微处理器。
上述所述微处理器、驱动电路和参数检测电路都由电源板供电，电源板上布置有滤波电路和DC-DC变换电路，12VDC或者24VDC供电电源依次连接滤波电路和DC-DC变换电路，DC-DC 变换电路输出端为各电路供应低压直流电源。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：
1)本发明的逆变器功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定，可以增加或者缩小功率模块以适用不同的负载，灵活方便，通用性强，可缩短开发周期，降低开发成本，减少产品型号降低管理费用；
2)本发明的逆变器在功率模块的数量M的数值确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载。灵活方便，通用性强，可缩短开发周期，降低开发成本。
3)当某块功率模块损坏时，传统的做法是大多数是报废整个逆变器，本发明可以通过扩展功率模块来替换原来的损坏的功率模块，维修简单，维修价格低，避免报废整个逆变器造成的重大损失。
附图说明：
图1是现有逆变器的原理示意图；
图2是图1对应的电路图；
图3是本发明的实施例一的原理示意图；
图4是本发明的实施例二的原理示意图；
图5是本发明的功率模块一种电路结构图；
图6是图5基础上增加驱动电路的电路结构图；
图7是本发明的实施例一的应用实例1的示意图；
图8是本发明的实施例一的应用实例2的示意图；
图9本发明的实施例一的应用实例3的示意图；
图10是发明的实施例一的应用实例4的示意图；
图11是本发明的实施例二的应用实例1的示意图；
图12是本发明的实施例二的应用实例2的示意图；
图13是本发明的实施例二的应用实例3的示意图；
图14是本发明的实施例二的应用实例4的示意图；
图15是本发明的实施例二的应用实例5的示意图；
图16是本发明的实施例二的应用实例6的示意图；
图17是本发明的实施例二的应用实例7的示意图；
图18是本发明的实施例二的应用实例8的示意图；
图19是本发明的实施例二的应用实例9的示意图；
图20是本发明的实施例三的示意图；
图21是本发明的实施例四的应用实例1示意图；
图22是本发明的实施例四的应用实例2示意图；
图23是本发明的实施例五的示意图；
图24是本发明的功率模块另一种电路结构图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
如图1、图2所示，传统的逆变器包括微处理器、电子开关模块、驱动电路单元及检测电路，电子开关模块采用IGBT模块，IGBT模块是有6个IGBT,组成3相全桥结构，是不可改变的，6个IGBT全部集成在一块线路板上，不可扩展的，因此不能很好适应不同的负载，通用性差。
实施例一：如图3、图5、图6所示，本发明的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定。图5和图6中所述功率模块都是由上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关组成的单相半桥结构，上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是IGBT或者是其它功率开关元件，上半桥的IGBT的发射极和下半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来并引出引脚(作为高压输出端)，上半桥的IGBT的集电极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的IGBT的栅极和发射极引出引脚。根据负载需要选择连接功率模块的数量，微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块，图3中的功率模块的数量M等于6，6个功率模块确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载，每个功率模块都有一个高压输出端与负载连接。微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块以适应功率模块的数量的变化。微处理器里面存储多个运行程序模块，每个运行程序模块对应一种负载或者微处理器 里面只存储1个运行程序模块，每次更换负载时重新写入新的运行程序模块。
实施例一的应用负载实例1：如图7所示，实施例一中的连接的负载是一台6相电机，6个功率模块的高压输出端分别连接6相电机的1相线圈绕组。
实施例一的应用负载实例2：如图8所示，实施例一中的连接的负载是2台各自独立的3相电机，3个功率模块的高压输出端分别连接一台3相电机的各相线圈绕组，另外3个功率模块的高压输出端分别连接另一台3相电机的各相线圈绕组。
实施例一的应用负载实例3：如图9所示，实施例一中的连接的负载是1台3相电机和一台3相电感，3个功率模块的高压输出端分别连接一台3相电机的3相线圈绕组，另外3个功率模块的高压输出端分别连接另一台3相电感线圈，3个功率模块和3相电感线圈组成DC-DC升压电路。
实施例一的应用负载实例4：如图10所示，实施例一中的连接的负载是双3相电机。所述的双3相电机共用6相线圈绕组并分成2组，这6相线圈绕组共用定子、转子和机壳，这2组3相线圈绕组并列地嵌套在同一定子的相同嵌线槽上，共用定子、转子和机壳，6个功率模块的6个高压输出端分别连接双3相电机的各相线圈绕组。
实施例二：如图4、图5、图6所示，带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定。图5和图6中所述功率模块都是由上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关组成的单相半桥结构，上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是IGBT或者是其它功率开关元件，上半桥的IGBT的发射极和下半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来并引出引脚(作为高压输出端)，上半桥的IGBT的集电极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的IGBT的栅极和发射极引出引脚。根据负载需要选择连接功率模块的数量，微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块，图4中的，功率模块的数量M等于9，9个功率模块确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载，每个各功率模块都有一个高压输出端与负载连接。微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块以适应功率模块的数量的变化。微处理器里面存储多个运行程序模块，每个运行程序模块对应一种负载或者微处理器里面只存储1个运行程序模块，每次更换负载时重新写入新的运行程序模块。
实施例二的应用负载实例1：如图11所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是一台9相电机，9个功率模块的9个高压输出端分别连接9相电机的各相线圈绕组。
实施例二的应用负载实例2：如图12所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是三3相电机，三3相电机具有9相线圈绕组并且分成3组，每组具有3相线圈绕组，这3组线圈绕组共用定子、转子和机壳，这3组3相线圈绕组并列地嵌套在同一定子的相同嵌线槽上，共用定子、转子和机壳，9高压输出端分别连接三3相电机的各相线圈绕组。
实施例二的应用负载实例3：如图13所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是3台各自独立的3相电机，3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接第一台3相电机的3相线圈绕组，另外3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接第二台3相电机的3相线圈绕组，其余3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接第三台3相电机的3相线圈绕组。
实施例二的应用负载实例4：如图14所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是1台3相电机和1台6相电机，3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接1台3相电机的各相线圈绕组，其余6个功率模块的6个高压输出端分别连接1台6相电机的各相线圈绕组。
实施例二的应用负载实例5：如图15所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是1台3相电机和1台双3相电机，所述的双3相电机共用6相线圈绕组并分成2组，这6相线圈绕组共用定子、转子和机壳，这2组3相线圈绕组并列地嵌套在同一定子的相同嵌线槽上，共用定子、转子和机壳，6个功率模块的6个高压输出端分别连接双3相电机的各相线圈绕组，其余3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接1台3相电机的各相线圈绕组。
实施例二的应用负载实例6：如图16所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是1台3相电感和1台双3相电机，所述的双3相电机共用6相线圈绕组并分成2组，这6相线圈绕组共用定子、转子和机壳，这2组3相线圈绕组并列地嵌套在同一定子的相同嵌线槽上，共用定子、转子和机壳，6个功率模块的6个高压输出端分别连接双3相电机的各相线圈绕组，其余3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接1台3相电感的各相线圈。3个功率模块和1台3相电感组成3相的DC-DC升压电路。
实施例二的应用负载实例7：如图17所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是2台3相电机和1台3相电感，3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接1台3相电机的各相线圈绕组，另外3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接另一台3相电机的各个线圈绕组，其余3个功率模 块的3个高压输出端分别连接一台3相电感的各相线圈，3个功率模块和1台3相电感组成3相的DC-DC升压电路。
实施例二的应用负载实例8：如图18所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是1台3相电感和1台6相电机，其中3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接1台3相电感的各相线圈，其余6个功率模块的6个高压输出端分别连接一台6相电机的各线圈绕组，3个功率模块和1台3相电感组成3相的DC-DC升压电路。
实施例二的应用负载实例9：如图19所示，实施例二中的连接的负载是1台3相电机，9个功率模块组合起来，按每3个为一组，每一组3个上半桥的IGBT的栅极连接起来共同输入信号，每一组3个下半桥的IGBT的栅极连接起来共同输入信号，每一组3个上半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来后与直流母线连接，每一组3个下半桥的IGBT的发射极连接起来后与直流母线连接，每一组位于上半桥的IGBT的发射极与下半桥的IGBT的集电极之间的引出端连接起来后并与3相电机1相线圈绕组连接。这样的连接方法可以扩展允许的最大工作电流和电压，例如1个功率模块连接1相绕组的允许的最大电流是150A，那3个功率模块并联后连接1相绕组的的允许的最大电流是450A，达到扩容的目的。
实施例三：如图20、图5、图6所示，本发明的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定。图5和图6中所述功率模块都是由上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关组成的单相半桥结构，上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是IGBT或者是其它功率开关元件，上半桥的IGBT的发射极和下半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来并引出引脚(作为高压输出端)，上半桥的IGBT的集电极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的IGBT的栅极和发射极引出引脚。，根据负载需要选择连接功率模块的数量，微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块，图3中的功率模块的数量M等于4，4个功率模块确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载，每个各功率模块都有一个高压输出端与负载连接。微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块以适应功率模块的数量的变化。微处理器里面存储多个运行程序模块，每个运行程序模块对应一种负载或者微 处理器里面只存储1个运行程序模块，每次更换负载时重新写入新的运行程序模块。
实施例三中连接的负载是1台3相电机和单相电感，其中3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接1台3相电机的各相线圈绕组，另1个功率模块用来连接单相电感，所述的单相电感和1个功率模块组成单相DC-DC升压电路。
微处理器连接有参数检测电路，微处理器的输出端通过驱动电路驱动功率模块，参数检测电路检测直流母线电压、直流母线电流、电机位置信号、相电流信号、电机温度信号、功率模块的温度信号并将上述信号送到微处理器，微处理器、驱动电路和参数检测电路都由电源板供电，电源板上布置有滤波电路和DC-DC变换电路，12VDC或者24VDC供电电源依次连接滤波电路和DC-DC变换电路，DC-DC变换电路输出端为各电路供应低压直流电源。
实施例四：本发明的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定。图5和图6中所述功率模块都是由上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关组成的单相半桥结构，上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是IGBT或者是其它功率开关元件，上半桥的IGBT的发射极和下半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来并引出引脚(作为高压输出端)，上半桥的IGBT的集电极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的IGBT的栅极和发射极引出引脚。根据负载需要选择连接功率模块的数量，微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块，图3中的功率模块的数量M等于8，8个功率模块确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载，每个各功率模块都有一个高压输出端与负载连接。微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块以适应功率模块的数量的变化。微处理器里面存储多个运行程序模块，每个运行程序模块对应一种负载或者微处理器里面只存储1个运行程序模块，每次更换负载时重新写入新的运行程序模块。
实施例四的应用负载实例1：如图21所示，实施例四中的连接的负载是1台6相电机和两相电感，其中3个功率模块与3个功率模块组合起来形成6个高压输出端分别连接1台6相电机的6相线圈绕组，其余2个功率模块用来连接两相电感，所述的两相电感和2个功率模块组成两相DC-DC升压电路。
实施例四的应用负载实例2：如图22所示，实施例四中的连接的负载是2台3相电机， 3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接一台3相电机的3相线圈绕组，3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接另一台3相电机的3相线圈绕组，其余2个功率模块用来连接两相电感，所述的两相电感和2个功率模块组成两相DC-DC升压电路。
实施例五：本发明的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定。图5和图6中所述功率模块都是由上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关组成的单相半桥结构，上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是IGBT或者是其它功率开关元件，上半桥的IGBT的发射极和下半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来并引出引脚(作为高压输出端)，上半桥的IGBT的集电极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的IGBT的栅极和发射极引出引脚。根据负载需要选择连接功率模块的数量，微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块，图3中的功率模块的数量M等于10，10个功率模块确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载，每个各功率模块都有一个高压输出端与负载连接。微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块以适应功率模块的数量的变化。微处理器里面存储多个运行程序模块，每个运行程序模块对应一种负载或者微处理器里面只存储1个运行程序模块，每次更换负载时重新写入新的运行程序模块。
实施例五的应用负载实例1：如图23所示，实施例五中的连接的负载是3台各自独立的3相电机和单相电感，3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接第一台3相电机的3相线圈绕组，另外3个功率模块的3个高压输出端分别连接第二台3相电机的3相线圈绕组，剩余4个功率模块选出3个功率模块，这3个高压输出端分别连接第三台3相电机的3相线圈绕组，余下1个功率模块用来连接单相电感，所述的单相电感和1个功率模块组成单相DC-DC升压电路。
上述各实施例中原来的逆变器的功率模块是3个，但不应限于3个，可以是6个、5个、4个、12个等，数量不限。
实施例六：一种电机，包括电机本体和逆变器，电机本体由逆变器驱动，电机本体包括定子组件、转子组件和机壳，定子组件包括定子铁芯和线圈绕组，所述的逆变器使用的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、 功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围中，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定。图5和图6中所述功率模块都是由上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关组成的单相半桥结构，上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是IGBT或者是其它功率开关元件，上半桥的IGBT的发射极和下半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来并引出引脚(作为高压输出端)，上半桥的IGBT的集电极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的IGBT的栅极和发射极引出引脚。根据负载需要选择连接功率模块的数量，微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块。
上述所述的实施例的只是一些典型的实施例，由于负载的不同功率模块的数量M是不断变化的，在此不能穷举所有实施例，作为本领域的技术人员通过以上事实例应当可以推知本发明的功率模块的数量M是可以不断扩展的，例如功率模块的数量M是15，用来驱动各自独立的5带3相电机，又例如功率模块的数量M是18，其中15个功率模块用来驱动各自独立的5带3相电机，剩余3个功率模块用来连接三相电感，所述的三相电感和3个功率模块组成三相DC-DC升压电路。
本发明的图5中的功率模块使用的电子开关是IGBT，这些IGBT可以用MOSFET(俗称MOS管)来代替，如图24所示，上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是MOSFET，上半桥的MOSFET的源极和下半桥的MOSFET的漏极连接起来并引出引脚(作为高压输出端)，上半桥的MOSFET的漏极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的MOSFET的栅极和源极引出引脚。

Claims (15)

  1. 带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，包括微处理器、功率模块、驱动电路，功率模块通过驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过驱动电路来驱动功率模块，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M是可变化的，其范围在3个至N个的范围，N是大于3的整数，功率模块的数量M根据负载需要确定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：功率模块的数量M的数值确定后，各功率模块可以组合以适应不同的负载。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：每个功率模块通过1个驱动电路连接微处理器，微处理器通过1个驱动电路来驱动1个功率模块。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：所述功率模块都是由上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关组成的单相半桥结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是IGBT，上半桥的IGBT的发射极和下半桥的IGBT的集电极连接起来并引出引脚，上半桥的IGBT的集电极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的IGBT的栅极和发射极引出引脚。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：上半桥的电子开关和下半桥的电子开关都是MOSFET，上半桥的MOSFET的源极和下半桥的MOSFET的漏极连接起来并引出引脚，上半桥的MOSFET的漏极和栅极引出引脚，下半桥的MOSFET的栅极和源极引出引脚。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：微处理器根据不同的负载调用不同的运行程序模块以适应功率模块的数量的变化。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：微处理器里面存储多个运行程序模块，每个运行程序模块对应一种负载。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：微处理器里面只存储1个运行程序模块，每次更换负载时重新写入新的运行程序模块。
  10. 根据权利要求1至3所述的任何一项的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：当微处理器控制9个功率模块时，负载是：1台9相电机，或者是3台各自独立的3 相电机，或者是1台3相电机和1台6相电机，或者是1台三3相电机，或者是1台3相电机，或者是1台3相电机和1台双3相电机，或者是1台6相电机和1个3相电感器，或者是1台双3相电机和1个3相电感器，或者是2台3相电机和1个3相电感器。
  11. 根据权利要求1至3所述的任何一项带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：当微处理器控制6个功率模块时，负载是：1台6相电机，或者是2台各自独立的3相电机，或者是1台双3相电机，或者是1台3相电机和1个3相电感器。
  12. 根据权利要求1至3所述的任何一项带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：当微处理器控制4个功率模块时，负载是1台3相电机和1个单相电感器。
  13. 根据权利要求4所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：驱动电路与功率模块集成为一体，驱动电路的两个输出端分别连接上半桥的电子开关与下半桥的电子开关。
  14. 根据权利要求5或6所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：微处理器还连接有参数检测电路，微处理器的输出端通过驱动电路驱动功率模块，参数检测电路检测直流母线电压、直流母线电流、电机位置信号、相电流信号、电机温度信号、功率模块的温度信号并将上述信号送到微处理器。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的带可扩展可组合功率模块的逆变器，其特征在于：微处理器、驱动电路和参数检测电路都由电源板供电，电源板上布置有滤波电路和DC-DC变换电路，12VDC或者24VDC供电电源依次连接滤波电路和DC-DC变换电路，DC-DC变换电路输出端为各电路供应低压直流电源。
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