WO2016187783A1

WO2016187783A1 - Data transmission method and device

Info

Publication number: WO2016187783A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/079718
Authority: WO
Inventors: 胡农达; 冯强
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2015-05-25
Filing date: 2015-05-25
Publication date: 2016-12-01
Also published as: CN106489252A; CN106489252B

Abstract

Provided in an embodiment of the present invention are a data transmission method and device, for improving IP-MAC address parsing efficiency. The method is: acquiring, by a transmission side, an IP address of a receiving side, and generating, according to the IP address of the receiving side and a designated port number, an MAC address of the receiving party, and transmitting data to the receiving side according to the generated MAC address of the receiving side. Thereby, without adding new hardware or hardware functions, the present invention eliminates an IP-MAC address parsing broadcast communication or directory service communication, as well as a bandwidth overhead and a communication delay introduced thereby, improving expansibility of an Ethernet layer 2. The present invention realizes low costs, low overheads and high efficiency of IP-MAC address parsing.

Description

Data transmission method and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method and apparatus.

Background technique

In Ethernet (Ethernet), when unicast communication is between host nodes, the sender's data is first encapsulated into an Internet Protocol (IP) packet, which is then further encapsulated into an Ethernet frame and then sent out from the host node. The structure of the Ethernet frame is as shown in FIG. 1. The Ethernet frame header includes a source media access control (MAC) address and a destination MAC address. The source MAC address is the identifier of the network interface of the source host node, and the destination MAC address is different according to the frame type. For the unicast frame, the destination MAC address is the identifier of the network interface of the destination host node. To implement the correct forwarding of the Ethernet frame, The MAC addresses of different network interfaces cannot conflict.

When the application parties communicate, they usually only know the IP address of the other party and the port number of the upper layer protocol. In order to further encapsulate the IP packet into an Ethernet frame, the sender needs to obtain the source MAC address (ie, the local MAC address of the sender host) and the destination MAC address (ie, the MAC address of the receiver host), and the sender host knows the local MAC address. The address, and the MAC address of the receiving host, needs to be obtained through the destination IP address. This method of determining the destination MAC address by the destination IP address is called "IP-MAC address resolution".

The traditional "IP-MAC address resolution" is generally implemented by performing Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). The basic process of execution is as follows:

First, the sender host sends an ARP request packet, which is used to query all hosts in the same broadcast domain for the MAC address corresponding to the destination IP address.

Then, the ARP request packet is transmitted over the network to all hosts in the same broadcast domain;

Then, if a host that receives the ARP request packet finds that it is the MAC address of its own IP address, it replies with an ARP response packet in a unicast manner, and informs the inquiring party of its own MAC address;

Finally, the sender host receives the ARP response packet and obtains the MAC address of the IP address being queried.

For example, referring to FIG. 2, on an Ethernet composed of k+1 host nodes located in the same broadcast domain, node 0 performs an ARP-based IP-MAC address resolution process. Assuming host node 0 is ready to communicate with node 2, host node 0 is to obtain the MAC address of host node 2 by IP-MAC address resolution. First, the host node 0 sends an ARP request packet, and queries the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the host node 2, and carries the IP address and MAC address of the host node 0 and the IP address of the host node 2 in the ARP packet; then, the ARP The request packet is transmitted on the network by means of Ethernet broadcast, and reaches the host node 1 to k; then, the host node 1 to k checks whether the ARP request packet is inquiring about the MAC address corresponding to its own IP address, and only the host node 2 finds that the inquiry is being made. Its own MAC address, so the host node 2 replies to the host node 0 with an ARP response packet, which includes the IP address and MAC address of the host node 0 and the IP address and MAC address of the host node 2; finally, the node 0 receives the node The ARP response packet sent by 2 obtains the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the host node 2, and the IP-MAC address resolution is completed.

This way of implementing MAC address resolution in broadcast form consumes a large amount of network bandwidth, and this overhead increases sharply with the increase of the broadcast domain, thereby limiting the network size of a single broadcast domain. Currently, broadcast communication will be a single broadcast domain. Ethernet is limited to the size of hundreds of host nodes. In order to build a large Layer 2 Ethernet network with a large broadcast domain, broadcast communication must be eliminated.

At present, in order to overcome the scalability problem caused by broadcast communication, in some centralized network environments such as data centers, directory-based MAC address resolution is adopted.

The basic principle of the method is that the directory system saves the IP-MAC mapping of all current host nodes; when the host node needs to perform IP-MAC address resolution, it directly sends a unicast query packet to the directory system, asks for the MAC address of the specified IP address, and then The directory system responds directly to the host with results.

The directory system in this method usually has two implementations: one is a directory system implemented by a separate server or server cluster, and the method is called IP-MAC address resolution based on centralized directory service; the other is based on distributed A directory system of the Distributed Hash Table (DHT), the IP-MAC mapping table can be distributedly stored in the switch.

Figure 3 shows an example of an IP-MAC address resolution process based on a centralized directory service. The node k implements IP-MAC address resolution by sending a query packet to the directory system and receiving a response packet.

Obviously, directory-based IP-MAC address resolution still needs to be implemented through inter-node communication, so additional address resolution communication delays are introduced before application communication. Secondly, for IP-MAC address resolution based on centralized directory service, additional hardware is needed to build the directory system. For IP-MAC address resolution based on distributed directory service, the switch should be able to store the IP-MAC mapping table and be able to respond. Query, so the switch requires special hardware features to support it.

Summary of the invention

Embodiments of the present invention provide a data transmission method and apparatus for eliminating broadcast communication or directory service communication of IP-MAC address resolution without adding new hardware and hardware functions, thereby eliminating the introduction of the data. Bandwidth overhead and communication latency increase the scalability of Layer 2 Ethernet.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission method, including:

The sender obtains the IP address of the receiver;

Transmitting, by the sender, the MAC address of the receiver according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number;

The sender transmits data to the recipient based on the generated MAC address of the recipient.

With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the sending, before the generating the MAC address of the receiver, further includes:

The sender determines that there is no cache information of a mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address including the IP address of the receiver.

In conjunction with the first possible implementation of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:

If the sender determines that the cache information of the mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address of the IP address of the receiver is locally present, based on the MAC address of the receiver corresponding to the IP address of the receiver in the cache message An address that sends data to the recipient.

In combination with the first aspect and any one of the first to second possible implementations of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation of the first aspect, the IP address and the The determined port number generates the MAC address of the recipient, including:

Setting a minimum two bits of the highest byte of the MAC address of the receiver indicates that the MAC address of the receiver is a local unicast address, and recording the specified port number to the second highest of the MAC address of the receiver Byte

The recipient's IP address is recorded in the other bytes of the recipient's MAC address except the highest byte and the next highest byte.

With reference to the first aspect, and any one of the first to third possible implementation manners of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the highest word in the sender's MAC address The lowest two bits of the section indicate that the MAC address of the sender is a local unicast address, and the specified port number is recorded in the next highest byte of the sender's MAC address, except the highest byte of the sender's MAC address. The sender's IP address is recorded in the other bytes of the next highest byte.

In conjunction with the first possible implementation of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:

When receiving the feedback data of the receiver, if the MAC address of the receiver included in the feedback data does not match the generated MAC address of the receiver, acquiring the IP address of the receiver and the The latest mapping relationship of the recipient's MAC address, and caches the latest mapping relationship locally.

In conjunction with the third possible implementation of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the specified port number of the received MAC address of the receiver is 0.

In conjunction with the fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, if the port of the sender is used for binding multiple ports, each port does not share an IP address or If the port is used for binding multiple ports and each port shares an IP address and a MAC address, the specified port number is 0; if the port is used for binding of multiple ports and each port shares an IP address but does not share a MAC address. Address, the specified port number is the number of the port.

The IP address of the recipient of the MAC address of the recipient's MAC address.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a data transmission apparatus, including:

An obtaining unit, configured to obtain an IP address of the receiver;

a synthesizing unit, configured to generate, according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number, the MAC address of the receiver;

And a sending unit, configured to send data to the receiver based on the generated MAC address of the receiver.

With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, before the synthesizing unit generates the MAC address of the receiver, the buffer unit is further configured to:

It is determined that there is no cache information of a mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address including the IP address of the recipient.

In conjunction with the first possible implementation of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation of the second aspect, the sending unit is further configured to:

If the cache unit locally has cache information including a mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address of the IP address of the receiver, based on the MAC address of the receiver corresponding to the IP address of the receiver in the cache message. Sending data to the recipient.

In combination with the second aspect and any one of the first to second possible implementations of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation of the second aspect, in accordance with the IP address of the recipient When the specified port number generates the MAC address of the receiver, the synthesizing unit is specifically configured to:

With reference to the second aspect and any one of the first to third possible implementation manners of the second aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the highest byte of the MAC address of the device The lowest two bits indicate that the MAC address of the device is a local unicast address, and the specified port number is recorded in the next highest byte of the MAC address of the device, except for the highest byte and the second highest word in the MAC address of the device. The IP address of the device is recorded in the other bytes of the section.

In conjunction with the first possible implementation of the second aspect, the fifth possible implementation in the second aspect In the current mode, the cache unit is further configured to:

With reference to the third possible implementation of the second aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in the MAC address of the receiver generated by the synthesizing unit, the specified port number is 0.

In conjunction with the fourth possible implementation of the second aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the second aspect, if the port of the device is used for multiple port bonding, each port does not share an IP address or the If the port is used for binding to multiple ports and each port shares an IP address and a MAC address, the specified port number is 0. If the port is bound to multiple ports and each port shares an IP address but does not share a MAC address. , the specified port number is the number of the port.

In a third aspect, the embodiment of the present invention further provides another data transmission apparatus, including a network interface, a memory, and a processor, wherein the memory stores a set of programs, and the processor is configured to invoke the storage in the memory. The program, causing the data transmission device to perform the method of any one of the first to seventh possible implementations of the first aspect and the first aspect.

In the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the broadcast communication or the directory service communication of the IP-MAC address resolution is avoided without adding new hardware and hardware functions, and the corresponding network bandwidth overhead and communication delay are eliminated. Thereby improving the efficiency of IP-MAC address resolution. At the same time, it helps to improve the scalability of Layer 2 Ethernet by eliminating broadcast communication.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic structural diagram of an Ethernet frame in the prior art;

2 is a schematic diagram of IP-MAC address resolution based on ARP protocol in the prior art;

3 is a schematic diagram of IP-MAC address resolution based on a centralized directory service in the prior art;

4 is a schematic diagram of a MAC address format in the prior art;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a MAC address synthesizing manner according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

6 is a flowchart of a MAC address configuration mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of analyzing an IP-MAC address according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of another data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of IP-MAC address resolution of scenario 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of IP-MAC address resolution of scenario 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

12 to FIG. 15 are structural diagrams of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission method and device. The method in the embodiment of the present invention is: based on a structured MAC address synthesis method, by reconfiguring a host MAC address, in a communication process between host nodes According to the method for synthesizing the structured MAC address, the sender host synthesizes the MAC address of the receiver host according to the IP address of the receiver host, and then sends data to the receiver host according to the synthesized MAC address of the receiver host. In this way, the broadcast communication or directory service communication of IP-MAC address resolution is avoided without adding new hardware and hardware functions, and the corresponding network bandwidth overhead and communication delay are eliminated, thereby improving IP-MAC address resolution. effectiveness. At the same time, it helps to improve the scalability of Layer 2 Ethernet by eliminating broadcast communication.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Modern operating systems (such as Windows, Linux, etc.) allow users to modify the MAC address of the network interface through software methods, and the only role of the MAC address of the host node's network interface is as a unique identifier, so in a centralized intranet scenario such as a data center. The MAC address of the network interface of each host node can be allocated and managed in an orderly manner to avoid MAC address conflicts. In addition, the MAC address in the Ethernet allows the user to customize. For example, the lowest two bits of the highest byte of the local unicast MAC address have special meanings, and other bytes can be customized.

Herein, the embodiment of the present invention designs a structured MAC address synthesis method, which synthesizes a MAC address based on a specified port number and a network address (ie, an IP address).

The port number refers to the serial number of multiple network interfaces sharing the same IP address. When a single network interface uses a single IP address, the port number of the network interface is always set to the specified value (for example, always set to 0); when multiple network interface bindings are used, and multiple network interfaces used by the binding share a single When IP address and MAC address are used, the multiple network interfaces used by the binding are regarded as one network interface. The port numbers of multiple network interfaces used by the binding are also always set to the specified value (for example, always set to 0); Multiple network interfaces are used for binding, and multiple network interfaces used for binding share a single IP address, but when each network interface uses a separate MAC address, the port numbers of multiple network interfaces are set to corresponding numbers, and the number is from Starting with 0, add 1 in turn, that is, the port numbers of multiple network interfaces are set to 0, 1, ....

As shown in Figure 4, the Ethernet MAC address is in the MAC-48 format. It consists of 6 bytes for a total of 48 bits. The upper 24 bits are the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI), and the lower 24 bits are the Extended Unique Identifier (EUI). The Ethernet specifies the method of using the MAC address. Ethernet retains the lower 2 bits of the highest byte in the MAC address for special purposes, where the lowest bit of the highest byte is used to indicate unicast (b0=0) or multicast (b0=1) address; highest word The next lower bit of the section is used to indicate the global management address (b1=0) or the local management address (b1=1). When specified as a local management address, the MAC address can be assigned by the local administrator.

The MAC address synthesized in the embodiment of the present invention is allocated to the network interface, so the lowest two bits of the highest byte in the MAC address are set to 2'b10, that is, the MAC address is set as the local unicast MAC address, except the highest. The lowest two bits of a byte have the special meaning that other bytes can be customized, and the port number and IP address can be recorded on a customizable byte.

Wherein, the port number can be recorded in the other byte of the lowest byte of the MAC address except the lowest two bits and the next highest byte, and the IP address is recorded in the other bytes of the MAC address except the highest byte and the next highest byte. The port number and IP address can also be recorded in any specified manner on bytes other than the lowest two bits of the highest byte. That is, the way the MAC address is customized is not unique. In addition, all MAC address bits in the MAC address may not be fully used, that is, some MAC address bits may be reserved for other determined meanings and uses.

Referring to FIG. 5, it is an example of MAC address synthesis according to an embodiment of the present invention. Record the port number in the next highest byte of the MAC address, for example, in the B4 byte, and record the network address (IP address) in the 4 low bytes of the MAC address. For example, record the four words in B0-B3. Section.

Based on the foregoing method for synthesizing the MAC address, the corresponding MAC address can be synthesized according to the IP address and the port number of the network interface, and the mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address can be implemented.

Based on the foregoing method for synthesizing MAC addresses, the embodiment of the present invention provides a MAC address configuration mechanism. The main idea is that, according to the MAC address synthesizing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the MAC address of the network interface of the host node is used before the communication. Reconfigure. Referring to Figure 6, the specific process is as follows.

Step 600: After the system is started, port initialization is performed.

Step 610: Obtain a network address.

Manually obtain or automatically obtain the network address through the original MAC.

Step 620: Determine whether multiple network interfaces are used in combination and share the network address. If yes, go to step 630, otherwise go to step 640.

Step 630: Further determine whether the plurality of network interfaces used by the binding share the MAC address. If yes, go to step 650; otherwise, go to step 660.

Step 640: Synthesize the MAC address by using port number 0 and the network address, and rewrite the MAC address of the network interface.

Specifically, in this case, if a single network interface uses a single network address, the port number of a single network interface is always set to 0, and then the port number 0 and the network address are used to synthesize the MAC address.

Step 650: Synthesize the MAC address by using port number 0 and the network address, and rewrite the MAC address of the network interface.

Specifically, in this case, multiple network interfaces used for binding share a network address and a shared MAC address, and multiple network interfaces used for binding can be regarded as one network interface, and multiple network interfaces to be bound are used. The port number is always set to 0, and then the port number is 0 and the shared network address is used to synthesize the MAC address. Here, the synthesized MAC address can be uniquely determined according to the shared network address.

Step 660: For each network interface i, respectively synthesize the MAC address by using the port number i and the network address, and rewrite the MAC address of each network interface.

Specifically, in this case, multiple network interfaces used by the binding share a single network address, but each network interface uses a separate MAC address, and the port number is assigned sequentially for each network interface, for example, respectively. No. 0, 1, ..., correspondingly, for each network interface i, the corresponding port number i and the shared network address are used to synthesize the MAC address, so that each network interface corresponds to a synthesized MAC address. The structure of the MAC address corresponding to each network interface has at least a difference in port number. Here, each synthesized MAC address can be mapped according to the shared network address.

Step 670: Determine whether the network address has changed. If yes, return to step 620. Otherwise, repeat step 670.

Specifically, if the network address is changed, the MAC address of the network interface is reconfigured according to the changed network address according to the above method, the configuration of the MAC address is updated, and the mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address is updated in time.

Based on the foregoing MAC address synthesizing method and reconfiguration mechanism, referring to FIG. 7, the data transmission method according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

Step 700: The sender obtains the IP address of the receiver.

Specifically, when communicating between host nodes, the sender (which may also be referred to as a source host node) knows the destination IP address, which is the IP address of the receiver (which may also be referred to as the destination host node).

Step 710: The sender generates the MAC address of the receiver according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number (for example, the specified port number is always set to 0).

Specifically, after obtaining the destination IP address, the sender needs to determine the destination MAC address according to the destination IP address, where the destination MAC address is the MAC address of the receiver. The process of determining the destination MAC address by the destination IP address is IP-MAC address resolution. The traditional IP-MAC address resolution needs to be completed through the inter-node communication process. The MAC address synthesis method designed by the embodiment of the present invention directly generates the MAC address of the receiver based on the IP address of the receiver, thereby eliminating the process of communication between the nodes. Improve the efficiency of IP-MAC address resolution.

The method for synthesizing the MAC address of the receiver includes:

Setting the lowest two bits of the highest byte of the receiver's MAC address indicates that the recipient's MAC address is a local unicast address, and recording the specified port number in the next highest byte of the receiver's MAC address, the recipient IP The address is formatted and recorded in the other bytes except the highest byte and the next highest byte of the recipient's MAC address.

The method for synthesizing the MAC address of the above-mentioned receiver is only a preferred solution, and the following synthesis method can also be employed.

Setting the lowest two bits of the highest byte of the recipient's MAC address indicates that the recipient's MAC address is a local unicast address, and recording the specified port number and the recipient's IP address in the highest byte of the recipient's MAC address. The lowest two digits are in the arbitrarily specified bytes.

The receiving party pre-configures the MAC address of the network interface according to the MAC address synthesis method designed in accordance with the present invention, and when the sender communicates with the receiver, the sender also performs the MAC address synthesis method according to the present invention, according to the receiver The IP address and the specified receiver port number are combined with the MAC address of the receiver, so that the process of obtaining the MAC address of the receiver according to the IP address of the receiver is completed, that is, the IP-MAC address resolution is completed.

The specified recipient port number can be set to the port number specified by the protocol, for example, can be set to 0. When the receiver shares IP addresses for multiple network interfaces used for binding, and each network interface uses a separate MAC address, each network interface is reconfigured with a synthesized MAC address, and the sender synthesizes the receiver. In the MAC address, the recipient port number can always be set to 0.

After the sender synthesizes the MAC address of the receiver, the sender caches the mapping between the IP address of the receiver and the MAC address of the receiver locally.

Step 720: The sender sends data to the receiver based on the generated MAC address of the recipient.

Specifically, the data sent by the sender to the receiver includes the MAC address of the receiver that it generates, and the sender's own MAC address.

The MAC address of the sender is pre-configured to the local network interface according to the MAC address synthesis method of the embodiment of the present invention.

The lowest two bits of the highest byte of the sender's MAC address indicate that the sender's MAC address is a local unicast address, and the specified port number is recorded in the next highest byte of the sender's MAC address, except for the highest word in the sender's MAC address. The sender's IP address is recorded in the other bytes of the section and the next highest byte.

If the port of the sender is bound to multiple ports but each port does not share an IP address or the port is used for multiple port bindings and each port shares an IP address and a MAC address, the specified port number is 0; if the port is more If a port is used for binding and each port shares an IP address but does not share a MAC address, the specified port number is the port number.

Further, when receiving the feedback data of the receiver, if the MAC address of the receiver included in the feedback data does not match the MAC address of the generated receiver, the latest mapping relationship between the IP address of the receiver and the MAC address of the receiver is obtained. And cache the latest mappings locally.

The receiving party's feedback data carries the recipient's own IP address and MAC address. The MAC address carried in the feedback data may be the same as or different from the MAC address synthesized by the sender. For example, when the receiver binds to use multiple network interfaces to share IP addresses and uses independent MAC addresses, each network interface uses a separate MAC address, and the sender always generates the recipient's MAC address according to port number 0, then When the receiver uses the port number 1 to feed back the data, the sender receives the feedback data of the receiver and caches the mapping relationship between the latest recipient's IP address and the recipient's MAC address.

In addition, before step 710, the sender checks whether there is cache information of the mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address including the IP address of the receiver, and determines that the MAC address of the receiver is subsequently generated when it is determined that the locality does not exist.

Wherein, if the sender determines that the cache information including the mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address of the IP address of the receiver exists locally, the sender directly refers to the MAC address of the receiver corresponding to the IP address of the receiver locally stored, The receiver sends the data.

Referring to FIG. 8, the flow of the above IP-MAC address resolution is as follows:

Step 800: The sender obtains the destination network address, that is, the destination IP address.

The destination IP address is the IP address of the recipient communicating with the sender.

Step 810: The sender determines whether the local destination IP address and destination MAC address mapping exist. The cache information, if yes, proceeds to step 820, otherwise step 830 is performed.

Step 820: The sender directly determines the destination MAC address according to the cached destination IP address and the destination MAC address mapping information.

Generally, in the local area, there is only one cache of mapping information between the destination IP address and the destination MAC address. If there are multiple caches, one of them is selected according to a certain preset rule to determine the destination MAC address. The sender can also manage the cache of the local mapping information according to the set rules. The specific rules can be customized, and the present invention does not impose restrictions. For example, the sender can set a certain cache duration, and the local mapping information is exceeded when the cache duration is exceeded. The cache is emptied.

Step 830: Synthesize the destination MAC address by using the specified port number (for example, always 0) and the destination IP address.

Step 840: Return to the destination MAC address.

So far, the process of IP-MAC address resolution in the embodiment of the present invention has been completed.

It should be noted that the method for IP-MAC address resolution designed by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the analysis between two other types of addresses, provided that one type of address allows customization, and another type can be synthesized through one type of address. Custom address.

Based on the same inventive concept, referring to FIG. 9, an embodiment of the present invention provides another data transmission method.

Step 900: The receiver receives the data sent by the sender through a network interface, and obtains the MAC address of the receiver in the data sent by the sender.

The sender and the receiver transmit data in the form of an Ethernet frame during the communication process. When receiving the Ethernet frame sent by the sender, the receiver can obtain the source MAC address and the destination MAC address by parsing the frame header of the Ethernet frame. The source MAC address is the sender's own MAC address, and the destination MAC address is sent. Based on the MAC address synthesis method in the embodiment of the present invention, the MAC address of the receiver generated according to the MAC address of the receiver and the designated port number (for example, always set to 0). If the sender uses the port number 0 to generate the MAC address of the receiver, the receiver will receive the data sent by the sender through the network interface with port number 0.

Step 910: The receiver determines the acquired MAC address of the receiver, and interfaces with the network. When the pre-configured MAC addresses are the same, it is confirmed that the data is data transmitted to the recipient.

The pre-configured MAC address is a method for the receiver to reconfigure the MAC address, and is generated and configured to the network interface according to the IP address of the receiver and the port number corresponding to the network interface.

The embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with specific application scenarios.

Scenario 1. A single network interface of a host node uses a single IP address and a single MAC address.

Referring to FIG. 10, the two communicating parties are the host node A and the host node B, and it is assumed that the sender of the current data transmission is the host node A, and the receiver is the host node B. Prior to communication, Host Node A and Host Node B have reconfigured the MAC address of the network interface in accordance with the MAC synthesis method designed in accordance with the present invention.

Assuming that the IP address of the network interface of the host node A is 192.168.1.10, the MAC address of the network interface is reconfigured to 02:00:C0:A8:01:0A according to the MAC address configuration mechanism designed according to the embodiment of the present invention; The IP address of the network interface of the host node B is 192.168.1.20. Similarly, according to the MAC address configuration mechanism designed according to the embodiment of the present invention, the MAC address of the network interface is reconfigured to 02:00:C0:A8:01: 14.

When the host node A wants to send data to the host node B, the host node A synthesizes the corresponding MAC address according to the IP-MAC address resolution mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention, using the IP address 192.168.1.20 and port number 0 of the host node B. Address 02:00: C0: A8: 01: 14 for address resolution.

After synthesizing the destination MAC address, the host node A caches the IP-MAC mapping information of the host node B locally. The destination MAC address in the cache may be used in the next communication with the host node B, or the destination MAC address may be synthesized again. However, once the IP address of the host node B changes, the host node A cannot use the destination MAC address in the cache and must resynthesize the destination MAC address.

Wherein, when multiple network interfaces of the same host node are used in combination and share a single IP address and a single MAC address, the plurality of network interfaces after the binding are regarded as one network interface, and the IP-MAC in this case The address resolution process is the same as the above process.

Scenario 2: A host node uses multiple network interfaces for binding, sharing IP addresses, but using independent MAC addresses.

Referring to FIG. 11, the two communicating parties are the host node A and the host node B, and it is assumed that the sender of the current data transmission is the host node A, and the receiver is the host node B. Prior to communication, Host Node A and Host Node B have reconfigured the MAC address of the network interface in accordance with the MAC synthesis method designed in accordance with the present invention.

Assume that the two network interfaces of host node A are Network Interface Card (NIC) NIC-A0 and NIC-A1, which share the IP address 192.168.1.10, but use a separate MAC address. According to the MAC address configuration mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention, the MAC address of the interface NIC-A0 of the network is reconfigured to 02:00:C0:A8:01:0A, and the MAC address of the interface NIC-A1 of the network is reconfigured. Is 02:01:C0:A8:01:0A;

The two network interfaces of the host node B are NIC-B0 and NIC-B1, respectively, which share the IP address 192.168.1.20. Similarly, according to the MAC address configuration mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention, the MAC address of the network interface NIC-B0 The address is reconfigured to 02:00:C0:A8:01:14, and the MAC address of the network interface NIC-B1 is reconfigured to 02:01:C0:A8:01:14.

When the host node A wants to send data to the host node B, the host node A synthesizes the corresponding IP address of the host node B by using the IP address 192.168.1.20 and the port number 0 of the host node B according to the IP-MAC address resolution mechanism described in the embodiment of the present invention. MAC address 02:00: C0: A8: 01: 14, for address resolution.

After synthesizing the destination MAC address, the host node A caches the IP-MAC mapping information of the host node B locally. In order to send data to the host node B again, the cached destination MAC address is directly used. Of course, when there is host-side node B's IP-MAC mapping information, the host node A can also synthesize the destination MAC address, but once on the host If the IP address of the node B changes, the host node A cannot use the destination MAC address in the cache, and must resynthesize the destination MAC address.

When host node A sends data to host node B (data is in the form of an Ethernet frame), it may use its network interface NIC-A0, or its network interface NIC-A1, assuming its network interface NIC-A1, If host node A does not cache the IP-MAC of host node B locally Mapping information, host node A will use the IP address of host node B and port 0 to synthesize the destination MAC address, and the generated destination MAC address is 02:00:C0:A8:01:14. The Ethernet frame sent by host node A to host node B through network interface NIC-A1 will use destination address MAC address 02:00:C0:A8:01:14, source MAC address 02:01:C0:A8:01:0A .

After receiving the data, the host node B can obtain the MAC address 02:01:C0:A8:01:0A of the host node A according to the data, and cache the mapping information of the IP-MAC address of the host node A locally. When the subsequent host node B sends data to the host node A, the MAC address of the locally cached host node A can be used: 02:01:C0:A8:01:0A.

When host node B feeds back data to host node A, it may use its network interface NIC-B0 or its network interface NIC-B1. Assuming that the network interface NIC-B1 is used, when receiving the feedback data of the host node B, the host node A obtains the latest IP-MAC mapping information of the host node B according to the feedback data, and caches it locally.

At the next time the host node A sends data to the host node B, the host node A can determine the destination MAC address according to the latest IP-MAC mapping information of the host node B.

Here, the final host node A and the host node B can record all the MAC addresses of the other party and establish a corresponding IP-MAC address mapping cache.

Based on the above embodiment, referring to FIG. 12, the present invention further provides a data transmission apparatus 1200, including:

The obtaining unit 1201 is configured to obtain an IP address of the receiver.

a synthesizing unit 1202, configured to generate, according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number, the MAC address of the receiver;

The sending unit 1203 is configured to send data to the receiver based on the generated MAC address of the receiver.

Optionally, before the synthesizing unit 1203 generates the MAC address of the receiver, the buffer unit 1204 is further configured to:

Optionally, the sending unit 1203 is further configured to:

Optionally, when generating the MAC address of the receiver according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number, the synthesizing unit 1202 is specifically configured to:

Optionally, the lowest two bits of the highest byte of the MAC address of the device 1200 indicate that the MAC address of the device 1200 is a local unicast address, and the designated port number is recorded in the next highest byte of the MAC address of the device 1200, and the MAC of the device 1200 The IP address of the device is recorded in the other bytes of the address except the highest byte and the next highest byte.

Optionally, the cache unit 1204 is further configured to:

Optionally, in the MAC address of the receiver generated by the synthesizing unit 1203, the specified port number is 0.

Optionally, if the port of the device 1200 is used for binding multiple ports, but each port does not share an IP address or the port is used for binding multiple ports, and each port shares an IP address and a MAC address, the specified port The number is 0. If the port is used for binding of multiple ports and each port shares an IP address but does not share a MAC address, the specified port number is the number of the port.

Based on the foregoing embodiment, referring to FIG. 13, the embodiment of the present invention further provides another data transmission. Apparatus 1300, comprising:

The receiving unit 1301 is configured to receive data sent by the sender through a network interface;

The obtaining unit 1302 is configured to obtain, by using data sent by the sender, a MAC address of the receiver.

The comparing unit 1303 is configured to: when determining that the acquired MAC address of the receiver is the same as the MAC address pre-configured for the network interface, confirm that the data is data sent to the device 1300;

The pre-configured MAC address is generated by the device 1300 according to the IP address of the receiver and the port number corresponding to the network interface, and configured to the network interface.

Based on the foregoing embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the embodiment of the present invention further provides another data transmission apparatus, including:

The processor 1401 is configured to read a program in the memory 1403 and perform the following process:

Obtain the IP address of the recipient;

Generating the MAC address of the receiver according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number;

Data is transmitted to the recipient via the transceiver 1402 based on the generated MAC address of the recipient.

The transceiver 1402 is configured to send and receive data under the control of the processor 1401.

Optionally, before generating the MAC address of the receiver, the processor 1401 is further configured to:

Optionally, the processor 1401 is further configured to:

If the cache unit locally has cache information including a mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address of the IP address of the receiver, based on the MAC address of the receiver corresponding to the IP address of the receiver in the cache message. The data is transmitted to the recipient via the transceiver 1402.

Optionally, when generating the MAC address of the receiver according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number, the processor 1401 is specifically configured to:

Setting the lowest two bits of the highest byte of the recipient's MAC address to indicate the recipient's The MAC address is a local unicast address, and the specified port number is recorded in the next highest byte of the MAC address of the receiver;

Optionally, the lowest two bits of the highest byte of the MAC address of the data transmission device indicate that the MAC address of the data transmission device is a local unicast address, and the designated port is recorded in the next highest byte of the MAC address of the data transmission device. No. The IP address of the device is recorded in the other bytes of the MAC address of the data transmission device except the highest byte and the next highest byte.

Optionally, the processor 1401 is further configured to:

Optionally, in the MAC address of the receiver generated by the processor 1401, the specified port number is 0.

Optionally, if the port of the data transmission device is used for binding of multiple ports, but each port does not share an IP address or the port is used for binding of multiple ports, and each port shares an IP address and a MAC address, the designation The port number is 0. If the port is used for binding of multiple ports and each port shares an IP address but does not share a MAC address, the specified port number is the number of the port.

Wherein, in FIG. 14, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linked by one or more processors represented by processor 1401 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 1403. The bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface. Transceiver 1402 can be a plurality of components, including a transmitter and a receiver, providing means for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium. For different user equipments, the network interface 1404 may also be an interface capable of externally connecting the required devices, including but not limited to a keypad, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a joystick, and the like.

The processor 1401 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1403 can store data used by the processor 1401 in performing operations.

Based on the foregoing embodiment, referring to FIG. 15, the embodiment of the present invention further provides another data transmission apparatus, including:

The processor 1501 is configured to read a program in the memory 1503 and perform the following process:

Receiving data sent by the sender through a network interface 1504, obtaining a MAC address of the receiver in the data sent by the sender, and determining a MAC address of the obtained receiver, and pre-provisioning with the network interface 1504 When the MAC addresses are the same, confirm that the data is data sent to the device;

The pre-configured MAC address is generated by the device according to the IP address of the receiver and the port number corresponding to the network interface 1504, and is configured to the network interface 1504.

In FIG. 15, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linked by one or more processors represented by processor 1501 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 1503. The bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface. Transceiver 1502 can be a plurality of components, including a transmitter and a receiver, providing means for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium. For different user equipments, the network interface 1504 may also be an interface capable of externally connecting the required devices, including but not limited to a keypad, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a joystick, and the like.

The processor 1501 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1503 can store data used by the processor 1501 when performing operations.

In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, the sender acquires the IP address of the receiver, and generates a MAC address of the receiver according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number, and the sender is based on the generated MAC address of the receiver. Send data to the receiver. In this way, the broadcast communication or directory service communication of IP-MAC address resolution is avoided without adding new hardware and hardware functions, thereby eliminating the bandwidth overhead and communication delay introduced thereby, and improving the availability of Layer 2 Ethernet. Scalability. In summary, low cost, low overhead, and high efficiency of IP-MAC address resolution are achieved.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.

The present invention has been described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (system), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or FIG. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine for the execution of instructions for execution by a processor of a computer or other programmable data processing device. Means for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of the flow chart.

The computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device. The apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.

These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device. The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described, it will be understood that Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and the modifications and

It is apparent that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the invention. Thus, if these modifications and changes are made to the embodiments of the present invention The type of the invention is intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims

A data transmission method, comprising:

The sender obtains the IP address of the receiver;

Transmitting, by the sender, the MAC address of the receiver according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number;

The sender transmits data to the recipient based on the generated MAC address of the recipient.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the sender further comprises: before generating the MAC address of the receiver:

The sender determines that there is no cache information of a mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address including the IP address of the receiver.
The method of claim 2, further comprising:

If the sender determines that the cache information of the mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address of the IP address of the receiver is locally present, based on the MAC address of the receiver corresponding to the IP address of the receiver in the cache message An address that sends data to the recipient.
The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the generating the MAC address of the recipient according to the IP address of the recipient and the specified port number comprises:

Setting a minimum two bits of the highest byte of the MAC address of the receiver indicates that the MAC address of the receiver is a local unicast address, and recording the specified port number to the second highest of the MAC address of the receiver Byte

The recipient's IP address is recorded in the other bytes of the recipient's MAC address except the highest byte and the next highest byte.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lowest two bits of the highest byte of the sender's MAC address indicate that the sender's MAC address is a local unicast address, and the sending The specified port number is recorded in the next highest byte of the MAC address of the party, and the sender's IP address is recorded in the other bytes of the sender's MAC address except the highest byte and the next highest byte.
The method of claim 2, further comprising:

When receiving the feedback data of the receiver, if the MAC address of the receiver included in the feedback data does not match the generated MAC address of the receiver, acquiring the IP address of the receiver and the The latest mapping relationship of the recipient's MAC address, and caches the latest mapping relationship locally.
The method according to claim 4, wherein said designated port number of said generated MAC address of said recipient is zero.
The method according to claim 5, wherein if the port of the sender is used for binding of multiple ports, each port does not share an IP address or the port is used for binding of multiple ports and each port shares IP. Address and MAC address, the specified port number is 0; if the port is used for binding of multiple ports and each port shares an IP address but does not share a MAC address, the specified port number is the port Numbering.

The IP address of the recipient of the MAC address of the recipient's MAC address.
A data transmission device, comprising:

An obtaining unit, configured to obtain an IP address of the receiver;

a synthesizing unit, configured to generate, according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number, the MAC address of the receiver;

And a sending unit, configured to send data to the receiver based on the generated MAC address of the receiver.
The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein before the synthesizing unit generates the MAC address of the receiver, the buffer unit is further configured to:

It is determined that there is no cache information of a mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address including the IP address of the recipient.
The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said transmitting unit is further configured to:

If the cache unit locally has cache information including a mapping relationship between the IP address and the MAC address of the IP address of the receiver, based on the MAC address of the receiver corresponding to the IP address of the receiver in the cache message. Sending data to the recipient.
The apparatus according to claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein, when the MAC address of the receiver is generated according to the IP address of the receiver and the specified port number, the synthesizing unit is specifically configured to:

Setting a minimum two bits of the highest byte of the MAC address of the receiver indicates that the MAC address of the receiver is a local unicast address, and recording the specified port number to the second highest of the MAC address of the receiver Byte

The recipient's IP address is recorded in the other bytes of the recipient's MAC address except the highest byte and the next highest byte.
Apparatus according to any one of claims 9-12, wherein the lowest two bits of the highest byte of the MAC address of the device indicate that the MAC address of the device is a local unicast address, the MAC of the device The specified port number is recorded in the next highest byte of the address, and the IP address of the device is recorded in the other bytes of the device's MAC address except the highest byte and the next highest byte.
The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said buffer unit is further configured to:

When receiving the feedback data of the receiver, if the MAC address of the receiver included in the feedback data does not match the generated MAC address of the receiver, acquiring the IP address of the receiver and the The latest mapping relationship of the recipient's MAC address, and caches the latest mapping relationship locally.
The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said designated port number is 0 in said recipient's MAC address generated by said synthesizing unit.
The device according to claim 13, wherein if the port of the device is used for binding of a plurality of ports, each port does not share an IP address or the port is used for binding of multiple ports and each port shares an IP address. And the MAC address, the specified port number is 0; if the port is used for binding of multiple ports and each port shares an IP address but does not share a MAC address, the specified port number is the number of the port. .
A data transmission apparatus includes a network interface, a memory, and a processor, wherein the memory stores a set of programs, and the processor is configured to invoke a program stored in the memory, such that the data transmission apparatus performs the right The method of any of 1 to 8 is claimed.