WO2016183972A1 - 一种时分波分复用堆叠式光接入网络中最少调谐的动态波长分配方法 - Google Patents

一种时分波分复用堆叠式光接入网络中最少调谐的动态波长分配方法 Download PDF

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WO2016183972A1
WO2016183972A1 PCT/CN2015/089485 CN2015089485W WO2016183972A1 WO 2016183972 A1 WO2016183972 A1 WO 2016183972A1 CN 2015089485 W CN2015089485 W CN 2015089485W WO 2016183972 A1 WO2016183972 A1 WO 2016183972A1
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wavelength
onu
olt
transmission
onus
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PCT/CN2015/089485
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王宏祥
苏素燕
纪越峰
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北京邮电大学
王宏祥
苏素燕
纪越峰
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems

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  • the invention relates to a dynamic wavelength allocation algorithm in a time division wavelength division multiplexing stacked optical access network, and belongs to the technical field of optical access networks.
  • TWDM-PON Time-and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network
  • TDM-PON time division multiplexing PON
  • ONT optical line terminal
  • Splitter optical splitter
  • ODN optical distribution network
  • TWDM-PON combines the advantages of time-division passive optical networks and wavelength-division passive optical networks, and is well suited for transitional deployment from time-division passive optical networks to wavelength-division passive optical networks.
  • the TWDM-PON system architecture uses wavelength division multiplexing to stack M (4, 8 or more) 10G TDM-PONs.
  • the OLT simultaneously multiplexes and demultiplexes multiple wavelength channels, and the ONU selects a specific wavelength channel (receiving wavelength and transmitting wavelength) through the tunable optical transceiver to communicate with the OLT, that is, at the same time, the ONU Only one wavelength can be received and transmitted.
  • TWDM-PON can reuse 10G-PON downlink time division multiplexing technology, uplink time division multiple access technology, time slot size, broadcast and bandwidth allocation technologies. Its main advantage is that it has good inheritance with the existing 10G-PON technology, and has high reuse efficiency and bandwidth utilization.
  • DWBA Dynamic Wavelength and Bandwidth Allocation
  • TWDM-PON DWBA (Dynamic Wavelength and Bandwidth Allocation) research in TWDM-PON is still in its infancy, and most of them inherit TDM/WDM-PON.
  • the dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation of TWDM-PON mainly focuses on bandwidth allocation, and relatively little research on wavelength allocation. Therefore, this patent mainly deals with multi-wavelength scheduling algorithms in TWDM-PON, and its bandwidth allocation algorithm can be used for reference in the research of existing PON network bandwidth allocation algorithms.
  • IPACT Interleaved Polling with Adaptive Cycle Time
  • JIT Just In Time
  • the focus of these algorithms is to improve bandwidth utilization and reduce packet delay.
  • the existing algorithm does not add ONU wavelength tuning time.
  • the slowest switching time between wavelengths in existing tunable lasers is from a few seconds to a few microseconds, and the fastest is nanoseconds.
  • fast tuning lasers are very expensive and energy intensive and are currently not used for access networks. Therefore, the tuning time most often used for the ONU is at least tens of microseconds. This must be taken into account in the DBA algorithm.
  • This patent takes into account the ONU wavelength tuning time and focuses on reducing the tuning frequency of the ONU.
  • the present invention proposes a minimum-tuned dynamic wavelength allocation method for the time division wavelength division multiplexing stacked optical access network for TWDM-PON, including a minimum wavelength tuning mechanism (A Minimum of Wavelength) Tuning Scheme, MWT) wavelength assignment algorithm.
  • MWT Minimum of Wavelength Tuning Scheme
  • the number of ONUs in the TWDM-POM system is N
  • the number of wavelengths is M
  • the transmission rate of the network is R N
  • the maximum polling period is T cycle
  • the guard interval between transmission windows is T g .
  • each wavelength channel corresponds to a variable Indicates the next available transmission moment of the wavelength channel m, and the OLT records all At the same time, each channel is assigned an array W[N] for storing the ONU subscripts transmitted using this channel.
  • the ONU selected for each wavelength is the one that preferentially selects the last polling period to transmit at this wavelength.
  • the untransmitted ONU wavelengths are tuned to the completed wavelengths. In this way, the number of wavelength transitions of the ONU can be greatly reduced.
  • the above wavelength assignment process is referred to as the "least wavelength tuning mechanism.”
  • the OLT will collect the bandwidth requests of all the ONUs, and at the same time, the wavelengths of the ONUs have been grouped. Then, using the least wavelength tuning mechanism, bandwidth allocation is performed on the ONUs at the earliest idle wavelengths. This preferential selection of wavelengths, and then the rearrangement mode of the ONUs can reduce the wavelength conversion between ONUs. Reducing the delay due to wavelength conversion, and also improving the bandwidth utilization, can be proved by the schematic diagram shown in Figure 1.
  • the wavelength and start time used by the ONU have been determined.
  • bandwidth allocation the remaining bandwidth allocation algorithm is used here. when The ONU is said to be a light-duty ONU, and vice versa.
  • the remaining bandwidth is due to the light load ONU
  • the remaining bandwidth of the system refers to the sum of the remaining bandwidth of all light-loaded ONUs.
  • the above dynamic wavelength assignment algorithm and dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm belong to the DWBA method and are completed in the DWBA module of the OLT.
  • MWS DWBA the system resource utilization in TWDM-PON is improved, the system delay is reduced, and the fairness in system resource scheduling is also guaranteed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an algorithm in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an algorithm in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the GATE and REPORT messages are MAC control frames used in the TWDM-PON message interaction protocol.
  • the GATE message is sent from the OLT to a separate ONU, and is used to allocate the transmitted time slot, transmission wavelength, and transmission start time for the ONU.
  • the transmission window length is represented by three values;
  • the REPORT message is a feedback mechanism used by the ONU to transmit the local condition (such as the cache occupancy, which is understood as the ONU request bandwidth in the present invention) to the OLT, to help the OLT intelligently Allocate time slots.
  • the specific implementation is as follows:
  • the ONU sends a REPORT message to the OLT to report the current bandwidth requirement.
  • the REPORT message is generated by the ONU's MAC Control Client and is time stamped at the MAC Control sublayer.
  • the REPORT message When the REPORT message arrives at the OLT, it will be transmitted to the DWBA module of the OLT's MAC Control Client. In addition, the OLT will also calculate its Round Trip Time (RTT) to the ONU using the timestamp contained in the REPORT message.
  • RTT Round Trip Time
  • the DWBA module in the OLT calculates the uplink transmission schedule of all ONUs to avoid collisions. After the DWBA algorithm is executed, the OLT authorizes the ONU, that is, encapsulates the wavelength channel, transmission start time, and transmission length of the ONU to be encapsulated into a GATE message and broadcasts.
  • the process in which the DWBA module executes the algorithm is as follows:
  • the OLT records the wavelengths used by all ONUs in the last polling cycle, stores the REPORT messages of all ONUs, groups the ONUs of the same wavelength into one group, and makes the bandwidth of the ONUs in the group according to the request bandwidth from large to small. Sequential ordering
  • OLT is updated according to G i
  • the ONU at a certain wavelength has been allocated, the ONU at other wavelengths can be tuned to the idle wavelength for data transmission, otherwise b) is performed until all ONUs are authorized;
  • the ONU When the ONU receives a GATE message that matches its MAC address, it will use the authorization value to configure the local tunable transmitter, transmission start time, and transmission length register.
  • the ONU When the transmission time comes, the ONU will start transmitting data in a contention-free environment.
  • the number of Ethernet frames transmitted depends on the size of the transmission window to be allocated.
  • the ONU sends a REPORT message at the beginning of the assigned transmission slot to report the next bandwidth requirement, and repeats step (2) while transmitting the data.
  • the dynamic wavelength bandwidth allocation of the TWDM-PON is implemented by the MWT DWBA, which reduces the ONU wavelength tuning frequency, reduces the system delay, and improves the utilization of network resources.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by software, and the corresponding software can be stored in a readable storage medium, such as a hard disk, an optical disk or a floppy disk of a computer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于TWDM-PON中最少调谐的动态波长分配方法，属于光接入网技术领域。光线路终端(OLT)对光网络单元(ONU)按其传输的波长进行分组，轮询周期授权开始前，OLT将收集所有ONU的带宽请求，并将其请求在组内从大到小排序。先选定最先空闲下来的波长，然后优先分配上个周期在该波长传输的ONU，指定其传输数据窗口。应用MWT波长分配算法，可以减少ONU的波长调谐频率，这样有利于降低系统的时延，同时减少调谐过程带来的能源消耗，更符合绿色环保理念。

Description

一种时分波分复用堆叠式光接入网络中最少调谐的动态波长分配方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种时分波分复用堆叠式光接入网络中的动态波长分配算法，属于光接入网技术领域。
背景技术
对于用户接入宽带的需求不断增加，传统的千兆级的光接入网技术如GEPON和GPON等已经不能满足用户的需求，因此业界开始了后10Gbit/s PON技术的研究和标准化工作，其中面向40Gbit/s PON的一个主流技术方案就是TWDM-PON(Time-and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network)。2012年4月TWDM-PON被国际标准组织FSAN选定为NG-PON2的唯一发展方向。NG-PON2选择TWDM-PON作为主要技术方案，主要的诉求就是充分利用传统PON技术在期间层面的长期技术积累和已经成熟的XG-PON芯片协议层技术，它是一种在时分复用PON(TDM-PON)的基础上通过波长堆叠构成的网络。其结构承袭自TDM-PON，光线路终端(Optical Line Terminal，OLT)通过光分路器(Splitter)与所有光网络单元(Optical Network Unit，ONU)相连。TWDM-PON不需要改动运营商已铺设的光分配网络(Optical Distribution network，ODN)，在协议上最接近已广泛部署的GPON或XG-PON1，是GPON和XG-PON1的演进。TWDM-PON结合了时分无源光网络和波分无源光网络的优点，非常适合于从时分无源光网络到波分无源光网络的过渡阶段部署。
TWDM-PON系统结构利用波分复用，将M个(4个、8个或者更多)10G TDM-PON堆叠而成。其逻辑结构中，OLT同时对多路波长通道进行复用解复用，ONU通过可调光收发器选择具体一个波长通道(接收波长和发送波长)和OLT进行通信，也就是说同一时刻，ONU只能接收、发射一个波长。在一个波长通道内，TWDM-PON可重用10G-PON下行时分复用技术、上行时分多址接入技术、时隙大小、广播及带宽分配等技术。其主要优点是与现有10G-PON的技术继承性好，复用效率与带宽利用率高。
目前对于TWDM-PON中的DWBA(Dynamic Wavelength and Bandwidth Allocation)研究还属于起步阶段，大部分继承了TDM/WDM-PON。而且对TWDM-PON的动态波长和带宽分配，主要还是集中在带宽分配，对波长的分配研究相对比较少。因此本专利主要涉及TWDM-PON中多波长的调度算法，其带宽分配算法可以从已有的PON网络带宽分配算法研究中有所借鉴。目前，国内外研究人员已经提出了很多动态带宽分配算法，比如IPACT(Interleaved Polling with Adaptive Cycle Time)，JIT(Just In Time)等。而对于波长分配，现在主要提出的是最早空闲优先分配原则，这些算法的重点是提高带宽的利用率和降低包时延。 但是在多波长分配上，现有的算法没有加上ONU波长调谐时间。现有的可调谐激光器中波长之间切换的时间最慢的是从几秒到几微秒，最快的是纳秒。但是，快调谐激光器非常昂贵，而且能源消耗大，目前一般不用于接入网。因此，最常给ONU配备的激光器的调谐时间至少是几十微秒。这在DBA算法中必须要考虑在内。本专利考虑到了ONU波长调谐时间，主要致力于减少ONU的调谐频率方面进行研究突破。
发明内容
为了降低ONU中波长的调谐频率，本发明针对TWDM-PON提出了一种时分波分复用堆叠式光接入网络中最少调谐的动态波长分配方法，其中包括最少波长调谐机制(A Minimum of Wavelength Tuning Scheme,MWT)的波长分配算法。虽然目前TWDM-PON中，优先选择最早空闲波长进行带宽的传输已经运用的很广泛，但是他仍然考虑的不够全面。本发明的主要思想是采用MWT进行波长分配，主要是将在同一个波长进行数据传输的ONU分成一组，在轮询的时候，考虑优先空闲的波长的同时优先选择在该波长上的ONU进行传输，减少ONU的波长调谐频率，这样有利于降低系统的时延，同时减少调谐过程带来的能源消耗，更符合绿色环保理念。
假设TWDM-POM系统中ONU的数目为N，波长的数目为M，网络的传输速率为RN，最大轮询周期为Tcycle，传输窗口之间的保护间隔为Tg。
波长的动态分配：MWT
在OLT中，每个波长信道对应一个变量
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000001
表示波长信道m的下一个可用传输时刻，OLT记录所有
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000002
同时给每个信道分配一个数组W[N]，用来存储利用这个信道进行传输的ONU下标。初始化时候，OLT为ONU分配波长信道时，选择当前
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000003
最小的波长信道，同时授权ONU在该波长信道上的传输窗口，然后更新该波长信道的
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000004
并且将ONU下标记录到W[N]中，至于传输窗口的大小，由带宽分配算法决定。接着下次轮询的时候，我们对信道上的ONU请求进行由大到小的排序，对于当前
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000005
最小的波长信道，我们选择记录到该波长中的ONU进行数据的传输，也就是说每个波长选择的ONU是优先选择上个轮询周期在该波长进行传输的那个。当某个波长的ONU全部轮询完毕，而另外的波长还有剩余的ONU，那么就将未传输的ONU波长调谐到已经完成的波长。经过这样，就可以大大减少ONU的波长变换次数。以上波长分配过程称为“最少波长调谐机制”。
在MWT中，一次轮询周期授权开始前，OLT将收集到的所有ONU的带宽请求，同时已经对ONU进行波长的分组。然后采用最少波长调谐机制，对最早空闲出来的波长上的ONU进行带宽分配，这种优先选择波长，再选择ONU的重排方式可以减少ONU之间的波长变换， 减少因为波长变换带来的时延，同时也可以提高带宽的利用率，可用图1所示示意图来证明。
完成波长分配算法后，ONU所使用的波长及开始使用时间已经确定。至于带宽分配，此处采用剩余带宽分配算法。当时称该ONU为轻载ONU，反之为重载ONU。剩余带宽是因轻载ONU的
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000007
而造成，系统的剩余带宽是指所有轻载ONU的剩余带宽之和。按比例将剩余带宽分配给所有重载ONU，可以保证各ONU之间的公平性。
以上动态波长分配算法和动态带宽分配算法都属于DWBA方法，在OLT的DWBA模块中完成。通过采用MWS DWBA，TWDM-PON中的系统资源利用率得到提高，系统时延降低，还保证了系统资源调度中的公平性。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中的算法示意图。
图2是本发明实施例中的算法流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图2对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。其中GATE和REPORT消息都是TWDM-PON消息交互协议中用到的MAC控制帧，GATE消息从OLT发送到一个单独的ONU的，用于为该ONU分配传输的时隙，传输波长、传输开始时刻和传输窗口长度三个数值来表示；REPORT消息是ONU用于把本地状况(如缓存占用量，本发明中理解为ONU的请求带宽即可)传递给OLT的反馈机制，用于帮助OLT智能地分配时隙。具体实施方式如下：
(1)ONU向OLT发送REPORT消息，报告当前的带宽需求。REPORT消息由ONU的MAC控制客户端生成并在MAC控制子层被标以时间戳。
(2)当REPORT消息到达OLT后，它将被传送到OLT的MAC控制客户端的DWBA模块，此外，OLT还将利用REPORT消息中包含的时间戳计算它到该ONU的往返时间(RTT)。
(3)OLT中的DWBA模块计算所有ONU的上行传输调度以避免碰撞。DWBA算法执行完毕后，OLT将对ONU授权，即将该ONU的工作的波长信道、传输开始时间和传输长度封装成GATE消息并广播。其中DWBA模块执行算法的过程如下：
a)OLT记录所有ONU在上一个轮询周期时所用的波长，存储所有ONU的REPORT消息，将同一个波长的ONU分为一组，并对组内的ONU按照其请求带宽从大到小的顺序排序；
b)OLT检查
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000008
比较得出其中数值最小的波长，并将该波长分配 给该波长的ONU组内当前排序后的第一个ONU，其传输开始时间为
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000009
波长分配结束。
c)接下来根据剩余带宽分配原理，为ONU分配传输带宽，具体实施算法不在本专利保护范围之内。
d)OLT根据Gi更新
Figure PCTCN2015089485-appb-000010
e)如果某个波长上的ONU已经分配完毕，则则其他波长上的ONU可以调谐到该空闲波长上进行数据传输，否则执行b)，直到所有ONU授权完毕；
(4)当ONU收到一个和其MAC地址相匹配的GATE消息时，将利用其中的授权值来配置本地的可调发射机、传输开始时间和传输长度寄存器。
(5)当传输时间到来，ONU将开始在无竞争的环境下传输数据，发送的以太网帧数目取决于被分配的传输窗口大小。
(6)ONU在被分配的传输时隙的开始发送REPORT消息来报告下一次带宽需求，在传输数据的同时重复步骤(2)。
本实施例通过MWT DWBA对TWDM-PON进行动态波长带宽分配，降低了ONU波长调谐频率，降低了系统时延，提高了网络资源的利用率。
本发明实施例可以通过软件实现，相应的软件可以存储在可读取的存储介质中，例如计算机的硬盘、光盘或软盘中。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种时分波分复用堆叠式光接入网络(Time-and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network，TWDM-PON)中的动态波长分配(Dynamic Wavelength and Bandwidth Allocation)方法，其特征在于ONU(Optical Network Unit)发起带宽请求后，OLT(Optical Line Terminal)的DWBA模块执行MWT(Minimum of Wavelength Tuning Scheme)算法，为每个ONU分配可使用的波长信道及带宽；在传输时刻到来时，ONU按照授权值传输数据，完成用户与网络之间的信息交互。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的MWT算法，其特征在于OLT将对ONU按其传输的波长进行分组，轮询周期授权开始前，OLT将收集所有ONU的带宽请求，并将其请求在组内从大到小排序。先选定最先空闲下来的波长，然后优先分配上个周期在该波长传输的ONU，指定其传输数据窗口，完成波长的分配。
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