WO2016177627A1 - Matériaux modifiant les propriétés d'interface de matériaux imprimés pour obtenir des objets ayant une résistance améliorée - Google Patents

Matériaux modifiant les propriétés d'interface de matériaux imprimés pour obtenir des objets ayant une résistance améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016177627A1
WO2016177627A1 PCT/EP2016/059533 EP2016059533W WO2016177627A1 WO 2016177627 A1 WO2016177627 A1 WO 2016177627A1 EP 2016059533 W EP2016059533 W EP 2016059533W WO 2016177627 A1 WO2016177627 A1 WO 2016177627A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
printed
printed item
item
bonds
polymeric
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PCT/EP2016/059533
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English (en)
Inventor
Johan Lub
Rifat Ata Mustafa Hikmet
Original Assignee
Philips Lighting Holding B.V.
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Application filed by Philips Lighting Holding B.V. filed Critical Philips Lighting Holding B.V.
Publication of WO2016177627A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016177627A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for 3D printing an item. Further, the invention also relates to such product. The invention also relates to a software product for executing the method for 3D printing as defined herein.
  • FDM Fused deposition modeling
  • EP0833237 describes for instance an apparatus incorporating a movable dispensing head provided with a supply of material which solidifies at a predetermined temperature, and a base member, which are moved relative to each other along "X", "Y,” and “Z" axes in a predetermined pattern to create three-dimensional objects by building up material discharged from the dispensing head onto the base member at a controlled rate.
  • the apparatus is preferably computer driven in a process utilizing computer aided design (CAD) and computer-aided (CAM) software to generate drive signals for controlled movement of the dispensing head and base member as material is being dispensed.
  • Three-dimensional objects may be produced by depositing repeated layers of solidifying material until the shape is formed.
  • Each layer base is defined by the previous layer, and each layer thickness is defined and closely controlled by the height at which the tip of the dispensing head is positioned above the preceding layer.
  • US2015014881 also a method for making an object is decribed, the method comprising forming a plurality of sections of the object, wherein the formation of each of the plurality of sections comprises applying at least two substances within an area having the shape of the section being formed, the at least two substances being able to chemically react upon contact with each other to form the section.
  • This document also describes an apparatus for making an object, the apparatus comprising: an applicator arranged to apply at least two substances within an area having a shape of a section of the object being made, the at least two substances being able to chemically react upon contact with each other to form the section.
  • US2014167326 decribes an additive building method for building a plurality of layers to form a build stack.
  • the method includes creating a variable potential difference between a conducting element at a first voltage potential and an ion source at a second voltage potential, and creating an electric field between the conducting element and the ion source.
  • the electric field passes through the build stack to a nearest surface of the build stack which is nearest a transfer medium.
  • the method further includes accumulating electric charge from the ion source on the nearest surface of the build stack, and transferring deposition material from a transfer medium onto the nearest surface.
  • the strength of the field at the nearest surface of the build stack is controlled in order to cause a homogenous transfer of the deposition material on to the nearest surface.
  • a method can comprise a) ink-jetting a first ink-jettable composition containing a reactive build material and a second ink-jettable composition containing a curing agent separately onto a substrate such that contact between the reactive build material and the curing agent occurs, thereby resulting in a reaction that forms a hardening composition without requiring ultraviolet curing, and b) repeating the ink- jetting step such that multiple layers of hardening composition are accrued, wherein said multiple layers are successively bound to one another to form the solid three-dimensional object
  • additive manufacturing is a growing field of materials processing. It can be used for rapid prototyping, customization, late stage configuration, or making small series in production.
  • FDM Fused Deposition Modeling
  • FDM Fused deposition modeling
  • FDM is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications. FDM works on an "additive" principle by laying down material in layers; a plastic filament (or metal wire) is unwound from a coil and supplies material to produce a part. Possibly, (for thermoplastics for example) the filament is melted and extruded before being laid down. FDM is a rapid prototyping technology.
  • FFF fused filament fabrication
  • FDP filament 3D printing
  • FDM printers use a thermoplastic filament, which is heated to its melting point and then extruded, layer by layer, (or in fact filament after filament) to create a three dimensional object. FDM printers are relatively fast and can be used for printing complicated object.
  • 3D inkjet printing and 3D dispension are additive manufacturing technologies used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications. These technologies work also on an "additive" principle by laying down a liquid in the forms of drops or by a continuous flow, respectively, of a polymerizable liquid which is
  • 3D printing method for 3D printing 3D printed items, which preferably further at least partly obviates one or more of above-described drawbacks.
  • alternative 3D printed item which preferably further at least partly obviates one or more of above-described drawbacks.
  • the invention provides a method for 3D printing a 3D printed item (which can also indicated as “item”, “3D item” “3D printed object”, or “object”, etc.), wherein the method comprises depositing printable material to provide 3D printed item parts (herein also indicated as “parts") on top of each other or next to each other, with the 3D printed item parts forming said 3D printed item, wherein the 3D printed item parts comprise polymeric printed material ("printed material” or "polymeric material”), wherein the method further comprises providing at least a set of two 3D printed item parts and binding these together with one or more of a chemical bonding and an electrostatic bonding.
  • the invention provides also a 3D printed item, obtainable with such method, such as especially a 3D printed item comprising 3D printed item parts forming said 3D printed item, wherein the 3D printed item parts comprise polymeric printed material, wherein said 3D printed item parts are configured on top of each other or next to each other, wherein at least a set of two 3D printed item parts are bond together with one or more of a chemical bonding and an electrostatic bonding, and wherein the 3D printed item parts are selected from the group consisting of filaments and layers, and wherein especially the 3D printed item parts at least comprise layers.
  • a 3D printed item is obtainable, that may be more robust that state of the art 3D printed items, especially printed via state of the art FDM or dispensing printing, as with the present invention e.g. a stronger bonding between layers may be obtained.
  • 3D printed items are printed part by part, such as layer by layer, wherein the layers may e.g. be composed of filaments.
  • Layers and filaments are herein indicated as item parts ("3D printed item parts").
  • the 3D printed item may essentially be composed of the 3D printed item parts, such as composed of filaments (such as in the case of FDM printed items).
  • the 3D printed product often the fact that the product has been 3D printed can be perceived, as layer boundaries or filament boundaries may still be visible (on a macroscopic level), even though some melting together occurs.
  • the invention provides the possibility to even further associated adjacent layers and/or adjacent filaments, as binding between the layers and/or filaments are created.
  • the 3D printed items may have one or more dimensions selected from the range of 0.1-10 mm. For instance the height of the filament or the height of the layer may be in this range, or the diameter of the filament may be in this range. However, other dimension may not be excluded.
  • the length of the filament, or the width and breadth of the layer may be substantially larger than this range.
  • 3D printed object or "3D object” or “3D printed item” refer to a three dimensional object obtained via 3D printing (which is an additive manufacturing process), such as an object having a height, a width and a length.
  • the 3D object can in principle be any object that is 3D printable. It can be an item with a use function or a purely decorative item. It can be a scale model of an item such as a car, a house, a building, etc.
  • the 3D object can be a piece or element for use in another device or apparatus, such as a lens, a mirror, a reflector, a window, a collimator, a waveguide, a color converting element (i.e. comprising a luminescent material), a cooling element, a locking element, an electrically conducting element, a casing, a mechanical support element, a sensing element, etc.
  • the 3D printed object comprises 3D printed material.
  • the 3D printed object is especially (at least partly) made from 3D printable material (i.e. material that may be used for 3D printing).
  • the method may further comprise incorporating an electronic item in the 3D printed item.
  • Incorporation can be done during printing or after printing.
  • the term "incorporation" does not necessarily mean that the electronic item is entirely enclosed, but herein especially indicates that the electronic item is functionally coupled and/or physically associated with the 3D printed item. For instance, on a support one may start with providing the electronic item and then start 3D printing on and/or adjacent to the electronic item.
  • the electronic item may be arranged to the 3D printed material, followed by further 3D printing on and/or adjacent to the electronic item.
  • the electronic item may be arranged to the3D printed item, such as in a (printed) cavity.
  • the invention also provides an embodiment of the 3D printed item which further comprises an electronic item incorporated in the 3D printed item.
  • the method for 3D printing as described herein is selected from the group consisting of fused deposition modeling (FDM) and dispensing printing.
  • FDM fused deposition modeling
  • the 3D printable material comprises a (thermoplastic) polymer selected from the group consisting of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), Nylon (or polyamide), Acetate (or cellulose), PLA (poly lactic acid), terephthalate (such as PET polyethylene terephthalate), Acrylic (polymethylacrylate, Perspex, polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), Polypropylene (or polypropene), Polystyrene (PS), PE (such as expanded- high impact-Polythene (or polyethene), Low density (LDPE) High density (HDPE)), PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
  • the 3D printable material comprises a 3D printable material selected from the group consisting of Urea formaldehyde, Polyester resin, Epoxy resin, Melamine formaldehyde, Polycarbonate (PC), rubber, etc..
  • the 3D printable material comprises a 3D printable material selected from the group consisting of a polysulfone, a polyether sulfone, a polyphenyl sulfone, an imide (such as a poly ether imide) etc.
  • 3D printable material may also refer to a combination of two or more materials.
  • these (polymeric) materials have a glass transition temperature T g and/or a melting temperature T m .
  • the 3D printable material will be heated by the 3D printer before it leaves the nozzle to a temperature of at least the glass transition temperature, and in general at least the melting temperature.
  • the 3D printable material comprises a thermoplastic polymer having a glass transition temperature (T g ) and /or a melting point (T m ), and the printer head action comprises heating the one or more of the receiver item and 3D printable material deposited on the receiver item to a temperature of at least the glass transition temperature, especially to a temperature of at least the melting point.
  • the 3D printable material comprises a (thermoplastic) polymer having a melting point (T m ), and the printer head action comprises heating the one or more of the receiver item and 3D printable material deposited on the receiver item to a temperature of at least the melting point.
  • materials that can be used can e.g. be selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), lignin, rubber, etc.
  • the printable material may be a precursor of polymeric material (such as monomeric material) and/or comprise polymerizable material (e.g. polymeric material that may comprise polymerizable groups and that thus may further polymerize). Examples thereof are e.g. acrylates, but also e.g. epoxides. Further, also material that may be subjected to a hydroslylation of a double bonds, or a material than may be subjected to a thiolene reaction, etc. etc..
  • the printed material is polymeric material, as the polymerizable material is polymerized
  • polymeric material i.e. polymeric printed material
  • two different printed item parts are distinguished.
  • this will be a plurality of such sets.
  • this may refer to a layer stack [AB]n, with n being an integer of 1 or larger, wherein each layer indicates a first printed item part and a second printed item part.
  • this may also refer to filament by filament, etc..
  • there may be distinguished a minimum of two printed item parts that are associated via the binding, but there may also be further sets which distinguish from each other by the type of binding and/or the chemical composition of the printed item part(s) from other sets.
  • substantially each layer will be bound with an adjacent other layer in the case of a stack of layers.
  • the polymeric printed material comprises reactive groups of bonds which allow binding with polymeric printed material of an adjacent printed item part.
  • the printable material comprises functional groups and/or (reactive) bonds that during printing/deposition are not reacted or only part of the total number of these groups or bonds are reacted during printing/deposition, such that the printed material may form a chemical and/or electrostatic bonding with polymeric material printed/deposited adjacent to the earlier printed/deposited printed item part.
  • the term "distinguished" above especially indicates that two 3D printed item parts are defined. These two parts are not necessarily different in chemical composition (see also below), but may in embodiments be different in chemical composition. At least one difference between the two parts may for instance be based in the different groups A and B (see below). Hence, the 3D printed item parts may differ from each other. Especially, the chemical compositions of the 3D printed item parts may be different.
  • the difference in chemical composition may refer to one or more of (i) different polymeric backbones, (ii) different weight average lengths of polymeric backbones, (iii) different functional groups (such as A ⁇ B), (iv) different bonds that can open (see further also below) (such as A-B ⁇ C- D), (v) different compositions of polymers, (vi) different additives (such as colorants, luminescent materials, etc.), etc. etc..
  • different polymers such as A ⁇ B
  • different bonds that can open see further also below
  • additives such as colorants, luminescent materials, etc.
  • the different printable material may both comprise polyethylene, but a first printable material may comprise a polymeric additive (or a precursor thereof) comprising acid groups, and a second printable material may comprise a polymeric additive (or a precursor thereof) comprising basic groups.
  • the first printed 3D item parts may also essentially consist of the respective first polymeric printed material comprising the first reactive groups and/or comprising the first (reactive) bonds and/or the second printed 3D item parts may also essentially consist of the respective second polymeric printed material comprising the second reactive groups and/or comprising the second (reactive) bonds.
  • the first 3D printed item part and the second 3D printed item part may be different in (chemical) composition.
  • the printable material to provide the first 3D printed item part comprises (a) first polymeric printed material, or a precursor thereof, and (b) optionally other material, such as other polymeric material (or precursor thereof), or e.g. one or more additives.
  • the printable material to provide the second 3D printed item part comprises (a) second polymeric printed material, or a precursor thereof, and (b) optionally other material, such as other polymeric material (or precursor thereof), or e.g. one or more additives.
  • first 3D printed part and second 3D printed part differ in chemical composition, this may be due to differences in one or more of (a) and (b).
  • the method comprises providing a first 3D printed item part comprising a first polymeric printed material and providing a second 3D printed item part comprising a second polymeric printed material, wherein the first polymeric printed material comprises first reactive groups (A) that can react with second reactive groups (B) comprised by the second polymeric printed material.
  • first polymeric printed material comprises first reactive groups (A) that can react with second reactive groups (B) comprised by the second polymeric printed material.
  • first groups (A) have a reactivity with each other that is at least two orders of magnitude lower than a reactivity of a first group (A) with a second group (B).
  • the reaction rate may be at least two orders of magnitude lower.
  • the first reactive groups (A) and the second reactive groups (B) are selected from the groups consisting of (i) an acid group and a basic group, (ii) a hydrazide group and an aldehyde group, (iii) a furan group and a maleimide group, and (iv) two unsaturated bonds.
  • the method comprises providing a first 3D printed item part comprising a first polymeric printed material and providing a second 3D printed item part comprising a second polymeric printed material, wherein the first polymeric printed material comprises a first bond (A-B) that can open and form one or two bonds with a second bond (C-D) comprised by the second polymeric printed material.
  • the first bonds (A-B) have a reactivity with each other that is at least two orders of magnitude lower than a reactivity of forming one or two bonds with the second bond (C-D), although this may not always be necessary to obtain bonds at the interfaces of the 3D printed item parts.
  • the reaction rate may be at least two orders of magnitude lower.
  • the first bonds (A-B) and the second bonds (C-D) are selected from the groups consisting of (i) hydrogen bonds.
  • the first bonds (A-B) and the second bonds (C-D) are selected from the groups consisting of (ii) bonds in groups that are the products of Diels Alder reactions, (iii) di-sulphide bonds, and (iv) siloxanes bonds.
  • first bonds (A-B) and the second bonds (C-D) are selected from the groups consisting of (i) hydrogen bonds, (ii) bonds in groups that are the products of Diels Alder reactions, (iii) di-sulphide bonds, and (iv) siloxanes bonds.
  • the indication bonds A-B and C-D may in embodiments indicate different type of bonds, but may in a specific embodiment also indicate identical bonds (such as unsaturated bonds, or
  • first bonds (A-B) and second bonds (C-D) are selected from l-(6-methyl-4-oxo-l,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)urea
  • the method of the invention may comprise applying one or more of light and heat to start and/or accelerate formation of the one or more of the chemical bonding and the electrostatic bonding between the two 3D printed item parts (see e.g. also the example in Fig. 2d).
  • the invention also provides the use of self-healing materials for 3D printing in order to obtain materials with improved mechanical properties.
  • the invention also provides the use of polymers with reactive groups to obtain the materials described in claim 1.
  • the invention provides alternating deposition of polymers with different reactive groups A or B such that A interacts with B.
  • the invention also provides deposition of the same or different polymers with (reactive) bonds A-B such that A-B may interact with a bond C-D.
  • the polymeric printed material of the printed item part(s) may include a mixture of reactive polymers with non-reactive polymers.
  • the invention also provides the use of the polymeric printed materials as described herein as a mixture of reactive polymers with additives such as particles with specific optical and/or electrical properties.
  • A-B ⁇ C-D.
  • the invention also provides a software product which when load on a processor of a 3D printer is configured to run the method as defined herein on said 3D printer.
  • a software product which when load on a processor of a 3D printer is configured to run the method as defined herein on said 3D printer.
  • such printer is able to print two different materials, such as two different (polymeric) printable materials having different reactive groups.
  • the 3D printer may include two different printer heads.
  • the software product may be implemented on a record carrier.
  • Figs. 2a-2d schematically depict some embodiments of reaction of groups, and suitable systems therefore;
  • Figs. 3a-3f schematically depict some embodiments of rearrangement of bindings, and suitable systems therefore;
  • Figs. 4a-4d schematically depict some aspects of the method and the product. The drawings are not necessarily on scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
  • a deposited polymer 1 contains reactive group A. Part of these groups A are accessible at the surface and can react with the reactive groups B of polymer 2 that is deposited on polymer 1 (see Fig. la). Thereto we have four options:
  • polymer 1 polymer 2 and A ⁇ B
  • a deposited polymer 1 contains a reversible bonding A-B in the s chains. Part of these A-B groups can react with the reversible bonding groups C-D of polymer 2 that is deposited on polymer 1 (see Fig. lb). Thereto we have also four options:
  • la- lb reference 7 indicates the new formed bond, such as between reactive groups in Fig. la, or due to the opening of one or more reactive or rearrangeable bonds 17.
  • the invention is related to the options 1-4 and 6-8.
  • An advantage of the present process is that many of the reactions and/or rearrangements may occur at elevated temperatures, e.g. because of the deposition of hot printable material, and optionally the addition of heat and or light.
  • the reactions also "freeze" and the bonds have been formed, thereby providing increased strength between the printed items parts, and thereby also for the entire 3D printed item.
  • References 202a and 202b indicate first and second polymeric printed material, respectively, with left before forming the bond 7 and right after formation of the bond. These bonds 7 are especially formed at the interface of the first printed item part and the second printed item part (see e.g. also Figs. 4b and 4c). Note that alternatively left from the arrows may be indicated as before printing at least one of the printable polymeric materials, and the situation right from the arrows as the situation after printing, with the two printed item parts adjacent to each other and bound with the electrostatic or chemical bonding (in Figs. 2a-2d a chemical bonding, Fig. 3a an electrostatic bonding, and Figs. 3b-3e again chemical bonding).
  • Fig. 2a schematically shows the a first polymer containing acidic groups such as carboxylate and a second polymer containing basic groups such as amines. When these are configured adjacent to each other, acid base interactions increase the strength of the polymeric materials.
  • the situation left from the arrows may also symbolize the printing of a second printable material with amine groups to a first printed material (i.e. already printed from first printable material), which after printing / deposition, leads to the situation right from the arrows, with two printed material on top of each other, and including chemical bonds.
  • the different printable materials may both comprise a (bulk) polymer, but a second printable material may comprise a polymeric additive (or a precursor thereof) comprising amine groups, and a first printable material may comprise a polymeric polymer additive (or a precursor thereof) comprising acid groups.
  • Fig. 2b schematically shows a first polymer containing hydrazide groups and a second polymer containing aldehyde groups. When these are configured adjacent to each other, a hydrazon makes the covalent link between both polymeric materials.
  • Fig. 2c schematically depicts a first polymer containing a group derived from furan and a second polymer containing groups derived from maleimide. When these are configured adjacent to each other, the reversible Diels alder reaction forms the link between both polymers.
  • a polymer with acidic groups can be printed on a polymer with basic groups, etc..
  • a photo active system can be used. Thereto, a photochemical reaction can be applied (see Jun Ling et al., Polymer 53 (2012) 2691-2698, incorporated herein by reference). An Example thereof is schematically depicted in Fig. 2d, where two unsaturated bonds react with each other.
  • Fig. 3 a schematically shows hydrogen bonded systems such as the ones derived from ureidopyrimidinone (see: Van Gemert et al., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2012, 213, 234-242, incorporated herein by reference).
  • Fig. 3a shows that there is first hydrogen bonding A-B and C-D, then these bonds are broken, and new bonds A-C and B-D are formed.
  • Fig. 3b schematically shows one of the systems discussed above (see Fig. 2c) based on the reversible Diels alder reaction (see: Nan Bai et al, Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 724- 730, incorporated herein by reference). Also Fig. 3b shows the existing bonds A-B and C-D that are broken, and new bonds A-C and B-D are formed.
  • Figs. 3c-3e only show, for the sake of simplicity, the starting and final stage only, without the intermediate stage.
  • Fig. 3c schematically shows one of the systems discussed above (see Fig. 2b) based on reversible hydrazon formation (see: Takashi Ono et al, Chem. Commun., 2005, 1522-1524, incorporated herein by reference).
  • Fig. 3d schematically shows polymers containing interchangeable disulphide bonds (see: Jana Canadell et al., Macromolecules 2011, 44, 2536-2541, incorporated herein by reference).
  • Fig. 3e schematically shows polymers containing interchangeable siloxane parts (see: Peinwen Zheng et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2024-2027, incorporated herein by reference).
  • Figs. 2a-3f refer to the specifically depicted groups and/or bonds, but also represent compounds that incorporates such groups and/or bonds in other ways, i.e. derivatives of the schematically depicted compounds.
  • Figs. 3a-3e refer to the specifically depicted groups and/or bonds, but also represent compounds that incorporates such groups and/or bonds in other ways, i.e. derivatives of the schematically depicted compounds.
  • Fig. 4a very schematically shows two types of option to form from printable material 201 printed material 202.
  • the printed material 202 and printable material 201 are essentially the same, with the latter being solid at room temperature, and with the former being fluid due to a heating, especially above the glass transition
  • the printable material 201 is first converted to polymeric material 202' before being printed, or it is printed and directly converted into printed polymeric material. Again, the printable material will be fluid during printing, whereas the printed material is solid at room temperature.
  • a 3D item 10 can be printed.
  • Fig. 4b schematically depict a result of e.g. a method comprising depositing printable material 201 to provide 3D printed item parts 1320 on top of each other or next to each other, with the 3D printed item parts 1320 forming said 3D printed item 10, wherein the 3D printed item parts 1320 comprise polymeric printed material 202 (with references 202a and 202b indicating first and second polymeric printed material, respectively), wherein the method further comprises providing at least a set of two 3D printed item parts 1320a, 1320b and binding these together with one or more of a chemical bonding and an electrostatic bonding.
  • a product is provided, i.e.
  • a 3D printed item 10 comprising 3D printed item parts 1320 forming said 3D printed item 10, wherein the 3D printed item parts 1320 comprise polymeric printed material 202, wherein said 3D printed item parts 1320 are configured on top of each other or next to each other, wherein at least a set of two 3D printed item parts 1320a, 1320b are bond together with one or more of a chemical bonding and an electrostatic bonding, and wherein the 3D printed item parts 1320a, 1320b at least comprise layers 330.
  • the bonds or bondings are indicated with reference 7. Note that in Fig. 4b by way of example only substantially identical sets are applied, i.e.
  • references 330a indicates a first layer and reference 330b indicates a second layer.
  • Reference 19 indicates an electronic element, such as a light source, etc..
  • Fig. 4c schematically depicts an embodiment of a 3D item 10, or part thereof, wherein individual filaments 320 can be discerned.
  • individual filaments 320 can be discerned.
  • only two layers 330 are shown, the lower comprising 4 filaments 320, and the upper comprising one or more filaments 320 arranged in a perpendicular direction relative to the adjacent layer 330.
  • the layers can be identified as different printed item parts 1320.
  • the filaments may be identified as different printed item parts 1320.
  • a first layer 330a and a second layer 330b are bond via bonds 7.
  • the most left and its adjacent filament at the right are bond via a bond 7.
  • Fig. 4b schematically depicts an embodiment wherein the 3D printed item parts 1320 are on top of each other;
  • Fig. 4c schematically depicts an embodiment wherein these are on top of each other but also adjacent to each other.
  • Fig. 4d schematically depicts an embodiment of a 3D printer apparatus that may be used in the present invention, especially for FDM applications.
  • Fig. 4d schematically depict some aspects of the 3D printer.
  • Reference 500 indicates a 3D printer.
  • Reference 530 indicates the functional unit configured to 3D print, especially FDM 3D printing; this reference may also indicate the 3D printing stage unit.
  • the printer head for providing 3D printed material such as a FDM 3D printer head is schematically depicted.
  • Reference 501 indicates the printer head.
  • the 3D printer of the present invention may especially include a plurality of printer heads, though other embodiments are also possible.
  • Reference 502 indicates a printer nozzle.
  • the 3D printer of the present invention may especially include a plurality of printer nozzles, though other embodiments are also possible.
  • Reference 320 indicates a filament of printable 3D printable material (such as indicated above). For the sake of clarity, not all features of the 3D printer have been depicted, only those that are of especial relevance for the present invention.
  • the 3D printer 500 is configured to generate a 3D item 10 by depositing on a receiver item 550 a plurality of filaments 320 wherein each filament 20 comprises 3D printable material, such as having a melting point T m .
  • the 3D printer 500 is configured to heat the filament material upstream of the printer nozzle 502. This may e.g. be done with a device comprising one or more of an extrusion and/or heating function.
  • Such device is indicated with reference 573, and is arranged upstream from the printer nozzle 502 (i.e. in time before the filament material leaves the printer nozzle 502).
  • Reference 572 indicates a spool with material, especially in the form of a wire.
  • the 3D printer 500 transforms this in a filament or fiber 320. Arranging filament by filament and filament on filament, a 3D item 10 may be formed.
  • the printer 500 is able to print two different materials, such as two different (polymeric) printable materials having different reactive groups.
  • the 3D printer may include two different printer heads 501, or at least two different printer nozzles 502.
  • substantially herein, such as in “substantially consists”, will be understood by the person skilled in the art.
  • the term “substantially” may also include embodiments with “entirely”, “completely”, “all”, etc. Hence, in embodiments the adjective substantially may also be removed.
  • the term “substantially” may also relate to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, especially 99% or higher, even more especially 99.5% or higher, including 100%.
  • the term “comprise” includes also
  • the invention further applies to a device comprising one or more of the characterizing features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings.
  • the invention further pertains to a method or process comprising one or more of the characterizing features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour l'impression en 3D d'un article imprimé en 3D (10), le procédé comprenant le dépôt de matériau imprimable (201) pour fournir des pièces d'article imprimé en 3D (1320) les unes sur les autres ou les unes à côté des autres, les pièces d'article imprimé en 3D (1320) formant ledit article imprimé en 3D (10), les pièces d'article imprimé en 3D (1320) comprenant un matériau imprimé polymère (202), le procédé comprenant en outre la fourniture d'au moins un ensemble de deux pièces d'article imprimé en 3D (1320a, 1320b) et la liaison de celles-ci avec une liaison chimique et/ou une liaison électrostatique. L'invention concerne également un tel article imprimé en 3D qui présente une résistance améliorée grâce aux liaisons supplémentaires.
PCT/EP2016/059533 2015-05-07 2016-04-28 Matériaux modifiant les propriétés d'interface de matériaux imprimés pour obtenir des objets ayant une résistance améliorée WO2016177627A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP15166695.5 2015-05-07
EP15166695 2015-05-07

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WO2016177627A1 true WO2016177627A1 (fr) 2016-11-10

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US11453171B2 (en) 2018-04-09 2022-09-27 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Method of apparatus for forming an object by means of additive manufacturing
EP4011982A4 (fr) * 2019-08-09 2022-11-23 Konica Minolta, Inc. Composition de résine, matériau filamenteux, objet tridimensionnel fabriqué de manière additive et procédé de production d'objet tridimensionnel fabriqué de manière additive

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EP0833237A2 (fr) 1989-10-30 1998-04-01 Stratasys Inc. Dispositif et méthode pour créer des objets en trois dimensions
EP1498277A1 (fr) 2003-07-18 2005-01-19 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Systèmes encre-jettables de polymère réactif pour la fabrication des objets solides tridimensionnels de forme libre
US20140167326A1 (en) 2011-05-31 2014-06-19 University Of Warwick Additive building
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EP1498277A1 (fr) 2003-07-18 2005-01-19 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Systèmes encre-jettables de polymère réactif pour la fabrication des objets solides tridimensionnels de forme libre
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11453171B2 (en) 2018-04-09 2022-09-27 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Method of apparatus for forming an object by means of additive manufacturing
EP4011982A4 (fr) * 2019-08-09 2022-11-23 Konica Minolta, Inc. Composition de résine, matériau filamenteux, objet tridimensionnel fabriqué de manière additive et procédé de production d'objet tridimensionnel fabriqué de manière additive

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