WO2016173365A1 - 一种手持式常刚度环剪仪及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种手持式常刚度环剪仪及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016173365A1
WO2016173365A1 PCT/CN2016/077925 CN2016077925W WO2016173365A1 WO 2016173365 A1 WO2016173365 A1 WO 2016173365A1 CN 2016077925 W CN2016077925 W CN 2016077925W WO 2016173365 A1 WO2016173365 A1 WO 2016173365A1
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soil sample
spring
base
stiffness
rotating shaft
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PCT/CN2016/077925
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English (en)
French (fr)
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苏栋
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深圳大学
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Priority to US15/529,815 priority Critical patent/US10168263B2/en
Publication of WO2016173365A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016173365A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of testing solid material properties by mechanical stress, in particular to a hand-held constant stiffness ring shear instrument and a method of using same.
  • the ring shears were developed in the 1920s. In the following decades, the development of the ring shears almost ceased. It was not until the rise of the residual strength research in the 1960s that the research on the ring shears was re-ignited, followed by research and development. A variety of ring shears used in indoor laboratories have been produced.
  • indoor ring shears can be divided into two types according to their structural characteristics: single ring ring shears and double ring ring shears.
  • these ring shears have two advantages in common, that is, the shear surface area can be kept constant during the test and the sample can be sheared under continuous displacement conditions.
  • the single-ring ring shearer loads the soil sample into the cylindrical sample box during the test, and applies vertical pressure and torsional shear force to the sample through the upper pressure plate.
  • the main advantage of this type of ring cutter is that it does not cause soil leakage during the shear test.
  • the double-ring ring shearer shears the soil sample along the preset surface in the middle of the upper and lower independent annular shear boxes, in order to reduce the unevenness of the stress and strain distribution along the shear plane during the test and reduce the soil sample.
  • the modern indoor ring cutter can guarantee the realization of the undrained state during the shearing process under various test conditions through the servo control system and the shear ring gap sensor, and can guarantee the drainage and undrained test conditions.
  • Implementation and conversion, as well as computer control and high-sensitivity recording equipment applications make the analysis and processing of test data more convenient and faster.
  • the manufacturing cost and use cost of the ring shears are gradually increasing, and the daily maintenance and maintenance costs of the instruments become increasingly expensive.
  • the existing ring shear device is complicated and bulky, and can only be used in an indoor laboratory, cannot be used in the field, and can only output a constant pressure.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hand-held constant stiffness ring shear and a method for using the same, which are used for determining the shear resistance and shear deformation of a soil sample under normal stiffness conditions in the field.
  • the instrument is easy to carry, simple to operate, economical and practical, and the output pressure is adjustable.
  • a hand-held constant stiffness ring shear device comprising a base and an annular steel frame sleeved in the base, the top of the steel frame is fastened with a ring-shaped upper cover, and the upper part of the upper cover is fixedly transmitted a pressing plate, a rotating shaft is vertically disposed in the center of the base, the rotating shaft passes through the pressure transmitting plate and is screwed with the pressure transmitting plate, and a wrench is fixed on the top end of the rotating shaft, and the digital embedded meter is embedded in the wrench;
  • a spring bracket is fixed on the wall by a thread.
  • a spring guide rod is vertically fixed on the bottom of the spring bracket.
  • the upper end of the spring guide rod is sleeved with a limit nut.
  • the spring guide rod below the limit nut is sleeved with a spring, and the spring is pressed at the lower end.
  • a slider having a slider resting on the pressure transmitting plate; a first clamp connected to the upper end of the spring and the pressure transmitting plate, the first clamp being mounted with a first dial gauge; Also attached to the dial gauge bracket, the dial gauge bracket is connected to the pressure transmitting plate by a second clamp, and the second dial gauge is mounted on the second clamp; the whole of the hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter Size is 200mm ⁇ 120mm 240mm.
  • the average normal stress on the soil sample can be calculated from the number of springs, the stiffness coefficient of the spring, the reading of the first dialect, and the inner and outer diameters of the annular soil sample. According to the reading of the second dialect, the change of the height of the soil sample can be known. Combined with the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the soil sample, the volume change of the soil sample can be calculated.
  • the hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter in the technical solution is small in size, light in weight, only 2kg, low in cost, and convenient for field use in the field; the vertical force is applied by the spring, and no external pressure source or loading device is needed; The initial compression amount can be used for ring shear experiments under different initial pressures; by configuring springs with different stiffnesses, the constant stiffness ring shear experiments under different stiffness can be performed.
  • the rotating shaft is sleeved in a bearing, and the bearing is vertically fixed in the center of the base.
  • the rotating shaft rotates in the bearing, the friction is small, and the rotation is flexible.
  • a limited position pile at the bottom of the steel frame, and a limit groove in the base the limit pile is located in the limit groove to prevent the steel frame from sliding horizontally in the base.
  • the outside of the base has a handle. It is easy to fix the instrument and it is easy to turn the handle.
  • the upper part of the slider has a circular gasket, and the gasket is in contact with the lower end of the spring.
  • Another technical solution of the present invention is a method for using a hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter, comprising the following steps:
  • the hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter in the technical solution is small in size, light in weight, and convenient for field use in the field; the vertical force is applied by the spring, and no external pressure source or loading device is required; by setting different spring initial pressures
  • the shrinkage test can be carried out under different initial pressures. By configuring springs with different stiffness, the constant stiffness ring shear test under different stiffness can be performed.
  • the inner diameter of the preset annular soil sample is R 1 and the outer diameter is R 2 , and the shear stress ⁇ on the soil sample is uniformly distributed, and the reading of the digital display table is known during the loading process.
  • the torque M acting on the soil sample according to the static equilibrium condition, the average shear stress on the soil sample satisfies the following formula:
  • ⁇ is the average shear stress
  • M is the torque acting on the soil sample
  • R 1 is the inner diameter of the annular soil sample
  • R 2 is the outer diameter of the annular soil sample
  • ⁇ is 3.14.
  • the compression amount x of the spring is calculated according to the reading of the first dialect, and the normal stress F acting on the soil sample satisfies the following formula:
  • F represents the normal stress
  • k is the stiffness coefficient of the spring
  • n is the number of springs
  • the average normal stress ⁇ n on the soil sample is calculated from the normal stress F:
  • ⁇ n represents the average normal stress
  • F represents the normal stress
  • R 1 is the inner diameter of the annular soil sample
  • R 2 is the outer diameter of the annular soil sample
  • ⁇ is 3.14.
  • the hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter in the technical solution is small in size, light in weight, and convenient for field use in the field; the vertical force is applied by the spring, and no external pressure source or loading device is needed; and the initial compression amount is set by setting different springs.
  • the ring shear test under different initial pressures can be carried out; the constant stiffness ring shear test under different stiffness can be carried out by configuring springs with different stiffnesses.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the stress distribution of a ring shear specimen in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter includes a base 1 and an annular steel frame 2 sleeved in the base 1.
  • the top of the steel frame 2 is fastened with a ring-shaped upper cover 3,
  • a pressure transmitting plate 6 is fixed on the upper part of the cover 3, and a rotating shaft 4 is vertically disposed in the center of the base 1.
  • the rotating shaft 4 passes through the pressure transmitting plate 6 and is screwed to the pressure transmitting plate 6.
  • the top end of the rotating shaft 4 is fixed with a wrench 13,
  • the spanner 13 is embedded with a digital display 14;
  • the side wall of the base 1 is screwed with a spring bracket 5, and a spring guide 8 is vertically fixed below the spring bracket 5, and the upper end of the spring guide 8 is sleeved with a limit.
  • a spring 10 a spring 9 is disposed on the spring guide 8 below the limit nut 10, and a spring 7 is pressed on the lower end of the spring 9, and the slider 7 rests on the pressure transmitting plate 6; the upper end of the spring 9
  • a first clamp 11 is connected to the pressure transmitting plate 6, and a first dial gauge 12 is mounted on the first clamp 11; a dial gauge bracket 15 is further fixed on the side wall of the base 1, the dial gauge bracket 15 is connected to the pressure transmitting plate 6 through a second clamp 16, and the second clamp 16 is mounted with a second dial gauge 17;
  • the overall size of the ring shear apparatus is 200mm ⁇ 120mm ⁇ 240mm.
  • the average shear stress on the soil sample can be calculated.
  • the average normal stress on the soil sample can be calculated from the number of springs 9, the stiffness coefficient of the spring 9, the reading of the first dialect 12, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the annular soil sample.
  • the change of the height of the soil sample can be known.
  • the volume change of the soil sample can be calculated.
  • the hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter in the technical solution is small in size, light in weight, only 2kg, low in cost, and convenient for field use in the field; the vertical force is applied by the spring 9 without external pressure source or loading equipment; The initial compression of the spring 9 can be used for ring shear experiments under different initial pressures; by configuring the spring 9 with different stiffness, the constant stiffness ring shear experiment under different stiffness can be performed.
  • the rotating shaft 4 is sleeved in a bearing 18, and the bearing 18 is vertically fixed in the center of the base 1.
  • the rotating shaft 4 rotates in the bearing 18, and the friction is small and the rotation is flexible.
  • the base 1 has a handle 20 on the outside. It is convenient to fix the instrument and also to rotate the handle 20.
  • the upper portion of the slider 7 has a circular spacer 21 which is in contact with the lower end of the spring 9.
  • the pressure transmitting plate 6 When the pressure transmitting plate 6 is rotated, the position of the annular slider 7 on the pressure transmitting plate 6 is unchanged. The surface of the pressure plate 6 slides, and the circular spacer 21 is always located directly below the spring 9, preventing the spring 9 from being bent.
  • a method of using a hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter includes the following steps:
  • the handle 1 of the base 1 is held by one hand, and the other hand applies a torque to the rotating shaft 4 through the wrench 13.
  • the rotating shaft 4 drives the pressure transmitting plate 6 and the upper cover 3 to rotate, and shear stress is generated on the surface of the soil sample to cut the soil sample. Cutting; during this process, the readings of the first dialy 12, the second dialy 17, and the digital display 14 are recorded;
  • the inner diameter of the preset annular soil sample is R 1 and the outer diameter is R 2 . It is assumed that the shear stress ⁇ on the soil sample is uniformly distributed, and the reading of the digital display table 14 is known to be effective during the loading process.
  • the torque M on the soil sample according to the static equilibrium condition, the average shear stress on the soil sample satisfies the following formula:
  • ⁇ is the average shear stress
  • M is the torque acting on the soil sample
  • R 1 is the inner diameter of the annular soil sample
  • R 2 is the outer diameter of the annular soil sample
  • ⁇ is 3.14.
  • the compression amount x of the spring 9 is calculated according to the reading of the first dialect 12, and the normal stress F acting on the soil sample satisfies the following formula:
  • F represents the normal stress
  • k is the stiffness coefficient of the spring 9
  • n is the number of the springs 9;
  • the average normal stress ⁇ n on the soil sample is calculated from the normal stress F:
  • ⁇ n represents the average normal stress
  • F represents the normal stress
  • R 1 is the inner diameter of the annular soil sample
  • R 2 is the outer diameter of the annular soil sample
  • ⁇ is 3.14.
  • the hand-held constant stiffness ring cutter in this embodiment is small in size, light in weight, and convenient for field use in the field; the vertical force is applied by the spring 9 without external pressure source or loading equipment; by setting different spring 9 initial compression amount, The ring shear test under different initial pressures can be carried out; by setting the spring 9 with different stiffness, the constant stiffness ring shear experiment under different stiffness can be performed.

Abstract

一种手持式常刚度环剪仪，包括底座（1）和套设在该底座（1）内的环形钢框（2），所述钢框（2）顶部扣合有上盖（3），该上盖（3）上部固定有传压板（6），所述底座（1）中央垂直设置有一转轴（4），该转轴（4）穿过所述传压板（6）并与该传压板（6）固定，所述转轴（4）顶端固定有扳手（13），该扳手（13）上嵌有数显表（14）；所述底座（1）的侧壁上固定有弹簧支架（5），该弹簧支架（5）下方垂直固定有弹簧导杆（8），该弹簧导杆（8）上端套设有限位螺母（10），该限位螺母（10）下方的弹簧导杆（8）上套设有弹簧（9），该弹簧（9）下端压有滑块（7），该滑块（7）搁置在所述传压板（6）上；所述弹簧（9）的上端和传压板（6）之间连接有第一夹具（11），该第一夹具（11）上安装有第一百分表（12）。该手持式常刚度环剪仪携带方便、操作简单、经济实用，用于在野外现场对土样在常刚度条件下的抗剪切力和剪切过程中的体变进行测定。

Description

一种手持式常刚度环剪仪及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及用机械应力测试固体材料特性领域，尤其涉及一种手持式常刚度环剪仪及其使用方法。
背景技术
环剪仪在20世纪20年代开始被研制，之后的几十年，环剪仪的发展几乎停止，直到20世纪60年代残余强度研究的兴起才使得环剪仪的研究复燃，继而研究和开发出了各种在室内实验室使用的环剪仪。
目前室内环剪仪按其结构特征可分为两种类型：单环式环剪仪和双环式环剪仪。与其他土工试验方法相比，这些环剪仪具有两个共同的优点，即在试验过程中可以保持剪切面面积不变和试样可在连续的位移条件下进行剪切。单环式环剪仪在试验过程中将土样装入圆筒形试样盒中，通过上部加压板对试样施加垂向压力和扭转剪力。此类型环剪仪的主要优点是在剪切试验过程中，不会发生土样渗漏问题。双环式环剪仪使土样沿上下各自独立的环状剪切盒中部的预设面进行剪切，以期达到减少试验过程中沿剪切面处应力与应变分布的不均匀性、减少土样与剪切环间阻力以及消除剪切环边缘应力集中的目的。
随着技术手段的进步，现代室内环剪仪能够通过伺服控制系统和剪切环间缝传感器保证各种试验条件下剪切过程中不排水状态的实现，并能够保证排水和不排水试验条件的实施和转换，同时计算机控制和高感度记录设备的应用也使得试验数据的分析处理更加方便快捷。但随着现代环剪试验系统日益复杂化和精密化，环剪仪的制造成本和使用成本逐渐增加，仪器的日常维护和保养费用变得日益昂贵。而且，现有的环剪仪设备复杂，体积大，只能在室内实验室使用，不能在野外现场使用，只能输出恒定压力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种手持式常刚度环剪仪及其使用方法，用于在野外现场对土样在常刚度条件下的抗剪切力和剪切过程中的体变进行测定。仪器携带方便、操作简单、经济实用，输出压力可调。
本发明的一个技术方案是一种手持式常刚度环剪仪，包括底座和套设在该底座内的环形钢框，所述钢框顶部扣合有环形上盖，该上盖上部固定有传压板，所述底座中央垂直设置有一转轴，该转轴穿过所述传压板并与该传压板通过螺纹固定，所述转轴顶端固定有扳手，该扳手上嵌有数显表；所述底座的侧壁上通过螺纹固定有弹簧支架，该弹簧支架下方垂直固定有弹簧导杆，该弹簧导杆上端套设有限位螺母，该限位螺母下方的弹簧导杆上套设有弹簧，该弹簧下端压有滑块，该滑块搁置在所述传压板上；所述弹簧的上端和传压板之间连接有第一夹具，该第一夹具上安装有第一百分表；所述底座的侧壁上还固定有百分表支架，该百分表支架通过第二夹具与所述传压板连接，所述第二夹具上安装有第二百分表；所述手持式常刚度环剪仪的整体尺寸为200mm×120mm×240mm。使用时，先将钢框中装好土样，调试好各部件，记下数显表、第一百分表和第二百分表的初始读数。转动扳手，所述数显表上的读数随着变化，所述转轴带动所述传压板和上盖转动， 土样被逐渐压紧，上盖带动传压板下降，初始压缩状态下的弹簧即时向下伸展，所述弹簧拉伸所述第一夹具，该第一夹具的拉伸使第一百分表的读数产生变化。随着所述传压板的下降，所述第二夹具也会向下拉伸，使第二百分表的度数产生变化。根据所述数显表的读数、环形土样的内径和外径，可以算出土样上的平均剪应力。根据弹簧的根数、弹簧的刚度系数、第一百分表的读数、环形土样的内径和外径可以算出土样上的平均法向应力。根据第二百分表的读数可以知道土样高度的变化，再结合土样的内径和外径，可以算出土样体积的变化。
本技术方案中的手持式常刚度环剪仪体积小，质量轻便，只有2kg，费用低，便于野外现场使用；利用弹簧施加竖向力，无需外接压力源或加荷设备；通过设置不同的弹簧初始压缩量，可进行不同初始压力下的环剪实验；通过配置不同刚度的弹簧，可进行不同刚度下的常刚度环剪实验。
进一步地，所述转轴套设在轴承中，该轴承垂直固定在所述底座中央。所述转轴在轴承中转动，摩擦力小，转动灵活。
进一步地，钢框底部有限位桩，所述底座内限位槽，所述限位桩位于所述限位槽内，防止钢框在底座内水平滑动。
进一步地，所述底座外侧有手柄。便于固定仪器，也便于转动手柄。
进一步地，滑块上部有圆形的垫片，该垫片与弹簧下端接触，当传压板转动时，传压板上的环形的滑块位置不变，只在传压板表面滑动，所述圆形的垫片始终位于弹簧的正下方，避免弹簧发生弯折。
本发明的另一个技术方案是一种手持式常刚度环剪仪的使用方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、将刚性框取出，均匀装入土样；土样装完后，将土样面刮平，使土样高度达到要求，将刚性框放入仪器底座中；
S2、盖上上盖，将滑块放在传压板上，将垫片放在所述滑块上；
S3、安装弹簧支架、弹簧导杆、限位螺母、弹簧，并确保与弹簧连接的弹簧垫片置于传压板上的环形滑块上；
S4、调节限位螺母，使土样处于预压状态；
S5、安装弹簧支架、第一百分表和第一夹具，记录第一百分表的初始读数；安装百分表支架、第二百分表和第二夹具，记录第二百分表的初始读数；
S6、一只手握住底座手柄，另一只手通过扳手施加扭矩转动转轴，转轴带动传压板和上盖转动，在土样上表面产生剪应力对土样进行剪切；在此过程中，记录第一百分表、第二百分表和数显表的读数；
S7、试验结束后，拆除土样，根据第一百分表、第二百分表和数显表的读数，计算出作用在土样上的平均剪应力和平均法向应力。
本技术方案中的手持式常刚度环剪仪体积小，质量轻便，便于野外现场使用；利用弹簧施加竖向力，无需外接压力源或加荷设备；通过设置不同的弹簧初始压 缩量，可进行不同初始压力下的环剪实验；通过配置不同刚度的弹簧，可进行不同刚度下的常刚度环剪实验。
进一步地，所述步骤S7中，预设环形土样的内径为R1，外径为R2，假定土样上的剪应力τ是均匀分布的，在加载过程中由数显表的读数可知作用在土样上的扭矩M，根据静力平衡条件，土样上的平均剪应力满足下列公式：
Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-000001
公式中，τ是平均剪应力，M表示作用在土样上的扭矩，R1为环形土样的内径，R2为环形土样的外径，π取3.14。
进一步地，所述步骤S7中，根据第一百分表的读数计算得到弹簧的压缩量x，作用在土样上的法向应力F满足下列公式：
F＝n·k·x
上式中，F表示法向应力，k为弹簧的刚度系数，n为弹簧的根数；
由法向应力F计算得土样上的平均法向应力σn：
Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-000002
上式中，σn表示平均法向应力，F表示法向应力，R1为环形土样的内径，R2为环形土样的外径，π取3.14。
有益效果：本技术方案中的手持式常刚度环剪仪体积小，质量轻便，便于野外现场使用；利用弹簧施加竖向力，无需外接压力源或加荷设备；通过设置不同的弹簧初始压缩量，可进行不同初始压力下的环剪实验；通过配置不同刚度的弹簧，可进行不同刚度下的常刚度环剪实验。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种实施例的结构示意图；
图2是本发明另一种实施例中环剪试样的应力分布图。
图中标记：1-底座；2-钢框；3-上盖；4-转轴；5-弹簧支架；6-传压板；7-滑块；8-弹簧导杆；9-弹簧；10-限位螺母；11-第一夹具；12-第一百分表；13-扳手；14-数显表；15-百分表支架；16-第二夹具；17-第二百分表；18-轴承；19-限位桩；20-手柄；21-垫片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的较优的实施例作进一步的详细说明：
参见图1和图2，一种手持式常刚度环剪仪，包括底座1和套设在该底座1内的环形钢框2，所述钢框2顶部扣合有环形上盖3，该上盖3上部固定有传压板6，所述底座1中央垂直设置有一转轴4，该转轴4穿过所述传压板6并与该传压板6通过螺纹固定，所述转轴4顶端固定有扳手13，该扳手13上嵌有数显表14；所述底座1的侧壁上通过螺纹固定有弹簧支架5，该弹簧支架5下方垂直固定有弹簧导杆8，该弹簧导杆8上端套设有限位螺母10，该限位螺母10下方的弹簧导杆8上套设有弹簧9，该弹簧9下端压有滑块7，该滑块7搁置在所述传压板6上；所述弹簧9的上端和传压板6之间连接有第一夹具11，该第一夹具11上安装有第一百分表12；所述底座1的侧壁上还固定有百分表支架15，该百分表支架15通过第二夹具16与所述传压板6连接，所述第二夹具16上安装有第二百分表17；所述手持式常刚度环剪仪的整体尺寸为200mm×120mm×240mm。使用时，先将钢框2中装好土样，调试好各部件，记下数显表14、第一百分表12和第二百分表17的初始读数。转动扳手13，所述数显表14上的读数随着变化，所述转轴4带动所述传压板6和上盖3转动，土样被逐渐压紧，上盖3带动传压板6下降，初始压缩状态下的弹簧9即时向下伸展，所述弹簧9拉伸所述第一夹具11，该第一夹具11的拉伸使第一百分表12的读数产生变化。随着所述传压板6的下降，所述第二夹具16也会向下拉伸，使第二百分表17的度数产生变化。根据所述数显表14的读数、环形土样的内径和外径，可以算出土样上的平均剪应力。根据弹簧9的根数、弹簧9的刚度系数、第一百分表12的读数、环形土样的内径和外径可以算出土样上的平均法向应力。根据第二百分表17的读数可以知道土样高度的变化，再结合土样的内径和外径，可以算出土样体积的变化。
本技术方案中的手持式常刚度环剪仪体积小，质量轻便，只有2kg，费用低，便于野外现场使用；利用弹簧9施加竖向力，无需外接压力源或加荷设备；通过设置不同的弹簧9初始压缩量，可进行不同初始压力下的环剪实验；通过配置不同刚度的弹簧9，可进行不同刚度下的常刚度环剪实验。
参见图1，所述转轴4套设在轴承18中，该轴承18垂直固定在所述底座1中央。所述转轴4在轴承18中转动，摩擦力小，转动灵活。
参见图1，钢框2底部有限位桩19，所述底座1内限位槽，所述限位桩19位于所述限位槽内，防止钢框2在底座1内水平滑动。
参见图1，所述底座1外侧有手柄20。便于固定仪器，也便于转动手柄20。
参见图1，滑块7上部有圆形的垫片21，该垫片21与弹簧9下端接触，当传压板6转动时，传压板6上的环形的滑块7位置不变，只在传压板6表面滑动，所述圆形的垫片21始终位于弹簧9的正下方，避免弹簧9发生弯折。
参见图1，一种手持式常刚度环剪仪的使用方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、将刚性框取出，均匀装入土样；土样装完后，将土样面刮平，使土样高度达到要求，将刚性框放入仪器底座1中；
S2、盖上上盖3，将滑块7放在传压板6上，将垫片21放在所述滑块7上；
S3、安装弹簧支架5、弹簧导杆8、限位螺母10、弹簧9，并确保与弹簧9连接的弹簧垫片21置于传压板6上的环形滑块7上；
S4、调节限位螺母10，使土样处于预压状态；
S5、安装弹簧支架5、第一百分表12和第一夹具11，记录第一百分表12的初始读数；安装百分表支架15、第二百分表17和第二夹具16，记录第二百分表17的初始读数；
S6、一只手握住底座1手柄20，另一只手通过扳手13施加扭矩转动转轴4，转轴4带动传压板6和上盖3转动，在土样上表面产生剪应力对土样进行剪切；在此过程中，记录第一百分表12、第二百分表17和数显表14的读数；
S7、试验结束后，拆除土样，根据第一百分表12、第二百分表17和数显表14的读数，计算出作用在土样上的平均剪应力和平均法向应力。
所述步骤S7中，预设环形土样的内径为R1，外径为R2，假定土样上的剪应力τ是均匀分布的，在加载过程中由数显表14的读数可知作用在土样上的扭矩M，根据静力平衡条件，土样上的平均剪应力满足下列公式：
Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-000003
公式中，τ是平均剪应力，M表示作用在土样上的扭矩，R1为环形土样的内径，R2为环形土样的外径，π取3.14。
对上述公式(1)，提供下列5组数据：
Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-000004
所述步骤S7中，根据第一百分表12的读数计算得到弹簧9的压缩量x，作用在土样上的法向应力F满足下列公式：
F＝n·k·x                             (2)
上式中，F表示法向应力，k为弹簧9的刚度系数，n为弹簧9的根数；
对上述公式(2)，提供下列5组数据：
Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-000005
由法向应力F计算得土样上的平均法向应力σn：
Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-000006
上式中，σn表示平均法向应力，F表示法向应力，R1为环形土样的内径，R2为环形土样的外径，π取3.14。
对上述公式(3)，提供下列5组数据：
Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-000007
本实施例中的手持式常刚度环剪仪体积小，质量轻便，便于野外现场使用；利用弹簧9施加竖向力，无需外接压力源或加荷设备；通过设置不同的弹簧9初始压缩量，可进行不同初始压力下的环剪实验；通过配置不同刚度的弹簧9，可进行不同刚度下的常刚度环剪实验。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-000008

Claims (2)

  1. 述步骤S7中，预设环形土样的内径为R1，外径为R2，假定土样上的剪应力τ是均匀分布的，在加载过程中由数显表的读数可知作用在土样上的扭矩M，根据静力平衡条件，土样上的平均剪应力满足下列公式：
    Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-100001
    公式中，τ是平均剪应力，M表示作用在土样上的扭矩，R1为环形土样的内径，R2为环形土样的外径，π取3.14。
  2. 根据权利要求6所述的手持式常刚度环剪仪的使用方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S7中，根据第一百分表的读数计算得到弹簧的压缩量x，作用在土样上的法向应力F满足下列公式：
    F＝n·k·x
    上式中，F表示法向应力，k为弹簧的刚度系数，n为弹簧的根数；
    由法向应力F计算得土样上的平均法向应力σn：
    Figure PCTCN2016077925-appb-100002
    上式中，σn表示平均法向应力，F表示法向应力，R1为环形土样的内径，R2为环形土样的外径，π取3.14。
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