WO2016173254A1 - Device for grinding temperature online detection and phase change heat transfer nanofluid grinding - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for grinding temperature online detection and phase change heat transfer nanofluid grinding comprises a housing (11), a grinding device, a power device, a transmission device, a control module, a temperature measuring module and a speed and torque measuring module. The grinding device is mounted at the front end of the housing (11), and the power device, the transmission device, the control module, the temperature measuring module and the speed and torque measuring module are mounted inside the housing (11). The grinding device is connected with the power device by means of the transmission device, the temperature measuring module is connected with the grinding device and the control module respectively, the speed and torque measuring module is arranged on one side of the transmission device, and the speed and torque measuring module and the power device are both connected with the control module. A phase change heat transfer nanofluid grinding head is used in the grinding device; heat produced during the grinding is dissipated by means of continuous evaporation, condensation and reflux of the nanofluid; the temperature gets lowered to reduce secondary injury to the patient. A fluorescent fiber temperature sensor is used in the temperature measuring module, and a reflected photoelectric sensor is used in the speed and torque measuring module; consequently, the removal of pathological bone and the service life of the grinding head are controlled conveniently and accurately in a closed-loop manner.

Description

On-line detection of grinding temperature and nano-fluid phase change thermal grinding device Technical field

The invention relates to a medical device, in particular to an on-line detection of grinding temperature and a nano-fluid phase-changing thermal grinding device.

Background technique

Bone grinding is an indispensable procedure for neurological and orthopedic surgery. Clinically, high-speed micro-grinding wheels are used to remove bone pathology. However, high-speed grinding produces a large amount of heat, leading to osteonecrosis and thermal damage to surrounding tissues, and also has a certain influence on the coagulation function of the tissue. Clinically, physiological saline is commonly used as a coolant to reduce heat generation. Grinding thermal damage has received clinically recognized attention because the temperature cannot be determined during the grinding process and the degree of thermal damage cannot be controlled. Kondo et al. pointed out that in the case of castable saline cooling, the maximum temperature of grinding heat will still reach 43 ° C. Above 43 ° C, the optic nerve will be damaged, leading to blindness in severe cases. The maximum temperature that different parts of the human body and different tissues can withstand is different. For example, when the temperature is higher than the critical value of 50 °C, the bone will have different degrees of thermal damage, and the nerve will begin to have thermal damage from 43 °C. Involving bone grinding, facial paralysis and femoral head necrosis are also common problems in orthopedic surgery. Therefore, in the bone surgery, the temperature control is directly related to the success or failure of the surgery.

In the treatment of tumors, hyperthermia has become a new "green therapy" for treating tumors after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. At present, the most urgent need to solve the problem is the thermal dose problem, that is, how to accurately heat the tumor tissue to reach the critical temperature while ensuring that the normal tissue does not receive damage. Therefore, accurately measuring the temperature of the tumor site is the key to the thermotherapy device and a research hotspot. There are a wide variety of temperature measuring instruments currently used in industrial processes, laboratories or special medical applications. Among them, fiber-optic fluorescent temperature sensors based on the combination of fluorescence technology and sensor technology are among the most active research and development fields. The fiber temperature sensor has high sensitivity, large dynamic range, good flexibility and flexible configuration, which overcomes the shortcomings of the infrared thermometer being easily interfered by the background light, and is suitable for application in various special occasions. Fluorescence is emitted when the fluorescent material is stimulated by external light, and the decay time constant of the fluorescence afterglow is a single-valued function of temperature. Therefore, the dependence of fluorescence on temperature can be used to derive the temperature to be measured. Liu Lanshu et al. conducted an in-depth and systematic study on high-precision fluorescent fiber temperature sensors, and verified that fluorescent fiber temperature sensors have good temperature sensing characteristics for engineering applications. Based on this, a non-toxic and harmless phosphor containing no harmful heavy metal elements or chemicals can be coated on the medical grinding head, and the temperature of the grinding zone can be measured by a fluorescence lifetime measuring system.

Due to the high speed rotation of the grinding wheel during bone grinding, the airflow barrier prevents the grinding fluid from effectively entering the grinding zone. At present, physiological saline drip irrigation is often used in clinical bone grinding operations, and there are few effective coolants that can enter the grinding zone. The advent of phase-change thermal technology has brought hope to the development of small-scale cryotherapy devices. The phase change thermal grinding head consists of a hollow shaft which can be divided into an evaporation section, an adiabatic section and a condensation section, and has an initial vacuum in the cavity and is filled with an appropriate amount of working fluid. when When the rotation speed is high enough, the working fluid rotates with the grinding head and covers the inner wall surface of the cavity in the grinding head to form an annular liquid film. When the grinding head is working, the grinding zone is heated, the working fluid at that place will evaporate, the liquid film will be thinned, and the generated steam will flow to the other end of the grinding head. The steam releases heat at the condensation end to condense into a liquid, which thickens the liquid film. The condensate returns to the heating end along the inner wall surface under the action of the centrifugal force component. This continuously evaporates, vaporizes, condenses, and recirculates the liquid, sending heat from the heating end to the condensing end. Chen Xu et al. verified the feasibility and heat transfer effect of the phase-changing thermal grinding head design by evaluating the isothermal performance, starting performance and heat transfer capacity of the phase-changing thermal grinding head.

In the field of machining, based on ecological and environmental requirements, the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technology has become the focus of current research. However, the micro-lubrication technology has the disadvantage of insufficient cooling performance, which makes its application have greater limitations. Nano-particle jet Minimum Quantity Lubrication (Nano-MQL) is a nano-particle jet Minimum Quantity Lubrication (Nano-MQL) that adds a certain proportion of nanoparticles to the micro-lubricating base oil to improve the heat transfer capacity of the jet as a whole and improve the lubrication effect of the oil film in the grinding zone. ) entered the people's sight. The so-called nanoparticles refer to ultrafine microscopic solid particles having at least one dimension of less than 100 nm in three dimensions. Nano-particle jet is slightly lubricated. On the basis of micro-lubrication, nano-scale solid particles are added to the grinding fluid, and the nanoparticles, lubricating fluid and compressed air are mixed and atomized, and then sprayed into the grinding zone as a jet for cooling lubrication. . Based on the theory of solid enhanced heat transfer, the thermal conductivity of solid particles is much larger than that of liquids and gases. Under the same particle volume content, the surface area and heat capacity of nanoparticles are much larger than those of millimeters or micrometers. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluid after mixing will increase dramatically. The nanofluid mass fraction is generally 2%-8%. A certain proportion of nanoparticles is added to the base liquid to form a nanoparticle suspension, and then the corresponding surface dispersant is added and ultrasonically added according to the type and physicochemical properties of the base liquid. Vibration can be used to obtain a suspension-stable nanofluid. By placing the configured nanofluid into the cavity of the phase change thermal grinding head, the effect of reducing the grinding temperature and reducing the secondary injury to the patient during the operation can be achieved.

The performance of the abrasive grain has a great influence on the grinding temperature. In order to suppress the heat generation in the grinding zone, Toshiyuki used a conventional diamond grinding head, a diamond grinding head with SiO _{2 and} a diamond grinding head with TiO ₂ to grind the beef femur and found that it is similar to a conventional diamond grinding head. In comparison, the diamond grinding head with SiO ₂ can slightly reduce the grinding temperature and grinding torque at the beginning of grinding, and then after a certain time, the grinding temperature exceeds the threshold and appears the same as that of ordinary diamond grinding. Surface load. However, due to the hydrophilic nature of the micron-sized TiO ₂ particles, the diamond grinding head with TiO ₂ significantly reduces the grinding temperature.

Speed and torque are also parameters that need to be monitored in real time during bone grinding. Compared with low-speed grinding, high-speed grinding can reduce the grinding force, improve the life of the grinding wheel, improve the grinding efficiency, and thus reduce the operation time. The torque reflects the load on the grinding wheel. Yu Yidao et al. conducted an in-depth study of high-speed torque and speed sensors. Using the principle of phase contrast measurement, the laser head and reflective strip are used as signal generators to verify the characteristics of the sensor with simple structure, stable performance and small measurement error.

According to the search, there is a medical surgical six-degree-of-freedom automatic adjustment robotic arm grinding and clamping device with the patent number ZL201310277636.6, which discloses a technology with high control precision and can effectively avoid mechanical damage to brain tissue. . The mechanical arm grinding and clamping device has three rotations and three movements with a total of six degrees of freedom, and can realize a surgical operation of a skull in an arbitrary posture, and solves the problem that the traditional hand-held surgical device has a large working space and is difficult to operate. The low efficiency of surgery can cause unnecessary additional damage to the patient. The device is mainly operated by advanced surgical instruments, and the six-degree-of-freedom automatic adjustment arm and the clamping device installed at the front end of the robot arm have obvious advantages in terms of treatment effect, pain relief, recovery period, medical cost and the like. However, the device does not have a grinding temperature detecting device and thus cannot control the temperature change during the grinding process.

Patented No. ZL201310030327.9, Surgical Skull Grinding Temperature On-line Detection and Controllable Hand-held Grinding Device, discloses an adjustment of the grinding wheel speed by monitoring the acoustic emission signal of bone grinding, and reducing the grinding in the process of grinding bone A technique that cuts the temperature to effectively avoid thermal damage to brain tissue. An acoustic emission sensor is arranged at the connection between the grinding wheel and the casing, and the acoustic emission signal during bone grinding detected by the acoustic emission sensor is received by the signal analysis processing mode to determine whether overheating occurs, and the rotational speed of the DC motor is controlled by the feedback device. However, the sound waves cannot penetrate the bone tissue, and there is also a significant loss when passing through the gas-containing tissue, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. In addition, the device does not monitor the speed and torque of the grinding wheel in real time, and the effective removal of the pathological bone and the load on the grinding wheel cannot be feedback controlled.

Patented No. ZL201420565334.9 multi-degree of freedom skull surgical grinding experimental platform, including micro-lubrication system, three-degree-of-freedom platform, electric spindle rotating device, electric spindle, grinding force measuring device and grinding temperature measuring device. The grinding temperature is accurately measured by three stepped thermocouples, the grinding force is measured by a grinding dynamometer, and clinical practice is provided by analyzing experimental data. However, in clinical bone grinding operations, the difference in operating area, the difference in cooling fluid and cooling method, and whether the doctor's operating experience is rich will result in a difference between actual and theoretical.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide an on-line detection of grinding temperature and a nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding device, which has high control precision and can effectively avoid damage to human tissues.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

An on-line detection of grinding temperature and a nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding device, comprising a housing, a grinding device, a power device, a transmission device, a control module, a temperature measurement module, and a speed and torque measurement module, wherein The grinding device is mounted on the front end of the casing, and the power device, the transmission device, the control module, the temperature measuring module, and the speed and torque measuring module are installed inside the casing, and the grinding device is connected to the power device through the transmission device, and the temperature measurement is performed. The modules are respectively connected to the grinding device and the control module, the speed and torque measuring module is arranged on one side of the transmission, and the speed and torque measuring module and the power device are connected to the control module.

Preferably, the grinding device comprises a grinding head and a grinding head handle, the rear end of the grinding head is fixed on the grinding head handle, and the grinding head is sealed with the grinding head handle, wherein the grinding head is provided with a plurality of grinding ends The grain, the abrasive grain and the grinding head base plate are plated with micron-sized TiO ₂ , the inside of the grinding head is a truncated cone hollow coaxial with the grinding head, and the diameter of the truncated cone hollow near the front end of the grinding head is larger than the diameter away from the front end of the grinding head. The diameter of the truncated cone is hollow, and the truncated hollow is filled with nanofluid. The truncated hollow of the grinding head includes an evaporation section, an adiabatic section and a condensation section. The evaporation section is located at the front end of the grinding head, the adiabatic section is located in the middle of the grinding head, and the condensation section is located. At the rear end of the grinding head, a plurality of fins are mounted on the outside of the condensation section.

Preferably, the truncated cone is evacuated in a hollow interior.

The heat sink can increase the heat dissipation area and improve heat transfer efficiency. During the working process, the heat generated during the bone grinding process is quickly transmitted to the grinding head base through the abrasive grains, and then transferred to the inner wall of the grinding head by the grinding head base, that is, the evaporation section, and the nanofluid base liquid of the evaporation section is evaporated and vaporized. The steam flows to the condensation section (heat sink) under a slight pressure difference, and the heat is released to form a liquid, and the liquid flows back to the evaporation section under the action of centrifugal force to complete a working cycle. This cycle reduces the temperature in the grinding zone and avoids secondary damage to the human body.

Preferably, the power unit includes a DC motor and a power source connected to each other.

Preferably, the transmission device comprises a coupling, a driving gear shaft, a driven shaft and a chuck for fixing the grinding head handle, wherein the driving gear shaft is connected to the DC motor through the coupling, and the end of the driven shaft is The drive gear shaft is connected, and the collet is mounted on the front end of the driven shaft.

Preferably, the control module comprises a signal collector, a signal processor and a single chip connected in sequence, and the signal collector is respectively connected with the temperature measuring module and the speed and torque measuring module. The signal collector completes the acquisition of the electrical signal converted by the photoelectric converter. The signal processor includes an A/D converter and a D/A converter to complete the conversion or inverse conversion of the analog quantity to the digital quantity, and the single chip realizes the calculation of the electrical signal. And control is the core of the control module.

Preferably, the temperature measuring module comprises a phosphor, a core, a fiber coupler, a laser diode and a photoelectric converter, wherein the core comprises an incident fiber and a receiving fiber, and the phosphor is overlaid on the front end of the grinding head. Between the abrasive particles and the grinding head substrate, one end of the core faces the phosphor, the other end of the incident fiber is connected to the laser diode through a fiber coupler, and the laser diode is connected to the single chip; the receiving fiber The other end is connected to the photoelectric converter through a fiber coupler, which is connected to the signal collector.

When starting work, the control system's MCU sends a control command to make the light source drive circuit work, control the laser diode to emit light, obtain the excitation light of a specific wavelength through the fiber coupler, enter the incident fiber in the core cladding and illuminate the phosphor around the abrasive grain. . The fluorescence emitted by the phosphor is transmitted from the receiving fiber to the fiber coupler and reaches the photoelectric converter. After photoelectric conversion and signal detection, an electrical signal reflecting the fluorescence intensity of the phosphor is obtained, and the fluorescence lifetime is obtained after calculation by the single chip microcomputer, and then the grinding is obtained. Zone temperature.

Preferably, the speed and torque measuring module comprises a plurality of sets of reflective strips distributed on the outer circumference of the driven shaft and a plurality of laser heads corresponding to the respective sets of reflective strips, the reflective strips in each set along the The outer circumference of the driven shaft is evenly distributed, and the laser head is provided with a photoelectric receiving device for receiving the reflected light signal of the reflective strip.

Preferably, the plurality of reflective strips comprise a first set of reflective strips and a second set of reflective strips, the first set of reflective strips comprises a reflective strip I and a reflective strip IV, and the second set of reflective strips comprises a reflective strip II and a reflective strip III, The reflective strip I and the reflective strip II are on the same straight line, and the reflective strip III and the reflective strip IV are on the same straight line, and each set of reflective strips corresponds to one laser head.

When starting work, the reflective strip rotates synchronously with the moving shaft, and the single-chip microcomputer of the control system issues a control command to make the light source driving circuit work, control the laser head to emit light, and the light is irradiated on the reflective strip, and the photoelectric receiving device in the laser head receives the reflected light and generates electricity. Pulse signal. Therefore, each time the axis rotates, the laser head outputs two pulse signals with a phase difference of 180°. After processing by the signal processor, a pulse square wave series is obtained, and the rotation speed and torque of the shaft can be obtained by counting by the single chip microcomputer.

Preferably, the collet comprises a collet body, a hand sleeve, a rear gland, a steel ball, a jaw seat, a screw, a jacket and a plurality of jaws, wherein the collet body is mounted in the jaw seat, The outer sleeve is mounted on the front end of the jaw seat, the rear pressure cover is mounted on the rear end of the jaw seat, the steel ball is placed between the chuck body and the rear pressure cover, and the hand screw sleeve is mounted on the rear end of the rear pressure cover And a fixed connection with the body of the chuck; the screw is mounted on the front end of the chuck body by a left-hand thread, and the plurality of jaws are mounted on the guide groove at the front end of the jaw seat, and the front end of the jacket is a truncated hollow And the inner diameter of the outer sleeve near one end of the jaw is greater than the inner diameter away from the end of the jaw.

When clamping the grinding head handle, manually rotate the hand screw sleeve to drive the main body to rotate relative to the jaw seat. The left-hand thread drives the screw to advance, and the screw pushes the jaw to make the jaw along the inner cone surface of the outer sleeve and the guide on the jaw seat. The groove slides to clamp the grinding head handle.

The invention has the beneficial effects that the grinding head adopts a nano-fluid phase-changing thermal grinding head, and the heat generated by the grinding zone is taken away by the continuous evaporation, condensation and reflux of the nano-fluid, thereby reducing the temperature and reducing the secondary to the patient. Injury; the phosphor is coated around the abrasive particles, the fluorescence afterglow decay time constant is detected by the fiber optic sensor, and the temperature to be measured is detected by the dependence of the fluorescence on the temperature to achieve closed-loop control of the temperature during the grinding process; Reflective strips are attached to the fiber optic sensor. The principle of phase contrast measurement is adopted. The phase contrast measurement principle is adopted. The laser head and the reflective strip are used as signal generators to detect the rotation speed and torque of the grinding head on-line to realize the pathological bone removal and grinding. Closed-loop control of head life.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional structural view of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the enlarged structure of the bearing;

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end cap;

Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the collet;

Figure 5 is a right side view of Figure 4 taken along the line A-A;

Figure 6 is a working principle diagram of a phase change thermal grinding head;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a nanofluid phase change thermal grinding head;

Figure 8 is an enlarged view of the phase change thermal grinder seal assembly;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the temperature measurement of the fluorescent fiber;

Figure 10 is a flow chart of temperature measurement control;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a fiber coupler;

Figure 12 is a schematic view of the core structure;

Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of an optical fiber;

Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the hard sheath and the casing;

Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of a speed and torque measuring module;

Figure 16 is a flow chart of control of the speed and torque measurement module;

Figure 17 is a flow chart showing the working principle of the speed torque measuring system;

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the speed torque ratio phase measurement system.

Among them, 1-grinding head base, 2-hard sheath, 3-clamp, 4-driven shaft, 5-screw I, 6-shield I, 7-core cladding, 8-angle contact ball bearing I,9-reflective strip I,10 threaded hole,11-shell,12-reflective strip II,13-reflective strip III,14-deep groove ball bearing I,15-gear,16-flat key,17-sleeve I,18-drive gear shaft,19-angular contact ball bearing II,20-stop washer,21-stop nut,22-deep groove ball bearing II,23-coupling bolt,24-coupling, 25-DC motor, 26-fiber coupler, 27-to-optical converter, 28-laser diode, 29-DC motor bottom cover, 30-DC power supply, 31-control system, 32-manual switch, 33-motor base, 34 -Motor output shaft, 35-laser head I, 36-laser head II, 37-reflective strip IV, 38-end cap, 39-seal ring, 40-clamp body, 41-handle sleeve, 42-rear gland , 43-steel ball, 44-claw seat, 45-screw II, 46-coat, 47-claw, 48-grinding handle, 49-bolt, 50-shield II, 51-nut, 52-sleeve II, 53-sleeve III, 54-round table hollow, 55-abrasive, 56-phosphor, 57-heat sink I, 58-heat sink II, 59-heat sink , 60-shield III, 61-wound gasket, 62-external reinforcement ring, 63-filler, 64-inner reinforcement ring, 65-lens I, 66-filter, 67-lens II, 68-lens III, 69-incident fiber, 70-receiving fiber, 71-core.

detailed description

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the upper and lower halves of the housing 11 are fixed by screws through the threaded holes 10. The hand-held surgical grinding temperature on-line detection and nano-fluid phase change thermal grinding device mainly comprises a grinding device, a power device, a transmission device, a control module, a temperature measuring module, a speed and a torque measuring module. The grinding device includes a nanofluid phase change thermal grinding head and a grinding head handle 48, and the grinding and removal of the pathological bone is completed in the surgical bone surgery. Power unit and transmission include DC motor 25, DC motor bottom cover 29, DC power supply 30, motor base 33, coupling 24, drive gear shaft 18, deep groove ball bearing I14, deep groove ball bearing II22, driven shaft 4 , angular contact ball bearings I8, Angular contact ball bearing II19, flat key 16 and collet 3. The device adopts a DC brushless motor, pulls out the DC motor bottom cover 29, inserts the charged DC power supply 30, presses the manual switch 32, the DC motor 25 rotates, and the motor base 33 supports the DC motor 25. The coupling 24 connects the motor output shaft 34 with the drive gear shaft 18 and transmits power to the drive gear shaft 18, and tightens the coupling bolt 23 to fix the two shafts. The drive gear shaft 18 is positioned by the deep groove ball bearing I14 and the deep groove ball bearing II22, and the drive gear shaft 18 meshes with the gear 15 to transmit power to the driven shaft 4. The gear 15 is engaged by the flat key 16 and the driven shaft 4. The driven shaft 4 is positioned by the angular contact ball bearing I8 and the angular contact ball bearing II19. Compared with the driving gear shaft 18, the driven shaft 4 is subjected to a larger bidirectional axial load and moment load, so angular contact ball bearings are used to improve Load bearing capacity. The chuck 3 connects and fixes the grinding head handle 48 to the driven shaft 4, and the grinding head handle 48 drives the grinding head to rotate by the flange connection, and the power is transmitted to the grinding head.

Figure 2 is a positioning diagram of the deep groove ball bearing and the angular contact ball bearing. The angular contact ball bearing I8 is positioned by the shoulder and the end cap 38. The angular contact ball bearing II19 depends on the sleeve I17, the stop washer 20 and the stop nut 21 To achieve positioning, the deep groove ball bearing I14 and the deep groove ball bearing II22 are positioned by the casing and the shoulder, and the retaining washer 20 and the retaining nut 21 can also prevent the looseness caused by the rotation of the shaft.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap 38, where d ₁ is the diameter of the output end of the driven shaft 4, d ₃ is the diameter of the end cap 38, and the end cap 38 is sealed with the gasket 11 by the sealing ring 39 and the gasket I6. Screws I5 are fixed to the housing 11. The control module refers to the control system 31, including a signal collector, a signal processor, and a single chip microcomputer. The signal collector completes the acquisition of the electrical signal converted by the photoelectric converter. The signal processor includes an A/D converter and a D/A converter to complete the conversion or inverse conversion of the analog quantity to the digital quantity, and the single chip realizes the calculation of the electrical signal. And control is the core of the control module. The temperature measuring module mainly comprises a fiber coupler 26, a photoelectric converter 27, a laser diode 28, a phosphor 56, a core 71, and the measurement of the grinding temperature is completed by the control system 31 during the operation. The speed and torque measurement module mainly comprises a reflective strip I9, a reflective strip II12, a reflective strip III13, a reflective strip IV37, a laser head I35, a laser head II36, and the measurement of the speed and torque of the driven shaft 4 is completed by the control system 31.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the collet 3 mainly includes a collet main body 40, a hand screw sleeve 41, a rear gland 42, a steel ball 43, a jaw seat 44, a screw II45, a jacket 46, and a plurality of jaws 47. The collet body 40 is mounted in the jaw seat 44. The grip body 40 is attached to the tail sleeve 41. The steel ball 43 is sandwiched between the collet body 40 and the rear gland 42. The screw II45 is mounted in the main body 40 by a left-hand thread. The head portion of the screw II45 has three evenly distributed jaws 47. The jaw seat 44 is provided with a guide groove, and the inner side is provided with an arcuate jaw 47. When the grinding head shank 48 is clamped, the hand rotating sleeve 41 is manually rotated to drive the main body 40 to rotate relative to the jaw seat 44, and the screw II45 is advanced by the left-hand thread, and the screw II45 pushes the clamping jaw 47 so that the clamping jaw 47 is along the inside of the outer casing 46. The tapered surface and the guide groove on the jaw seat 44 slide to clamp the grinding head shank 48. The collet 3 is connected to the tapered hole of the driven shaft 4.

Figure 6 is a working principle diagram of a nanofluid phase change thermal grinding head. The interior of the nanofluid phase change thermal grinding head is a circular hollow, which can be divided into an evaporation section, an adiabatic section and a condensation section. The cavity has a certain degree of vacuum and is suitable for filling. Amount of nanofluid. When the rotational speed is sufficiently high, the nanofluid rotates with the grinding head and covers the inner wall surface of the cavity in the grinding head to form an annular liquid film. When the grinding head is working, the grinding zone is heated, the nanofluid base liquid at this place will evaporate, the liquid film will be thinned, and the generated steam will flow to another section of the cavity in the grinding head. The steam releases heat in the condensation section to condense into a liquid, which thickens the liquid film. The condensate returns to the evaporation section along the inner wall surface under the action of the centrifugal force component. This continuously evaporates, vaporizes, condenses, and recirculates the liquid, sending heat from the heating section to the condensing section. The inner cone angle a of the cavity in the nano-fluid phase-changing thermal grinding head acts on the one hand to disturb the nano-fluid to destroy the formation or full development of the boundary layer, thereby enhancing heat transfer, and on the other hand, realizing the nano-fluid base liquid. Reflux. However, direct machining of the inner cone angle in the grinding head base 1 is not well processed. The base fluid of the nanofluid uses the base liquid nanoparticles listed in Tables 1 and 2 to use the nanoparticles in Table 3 to increase the thermal conductivity and improve the convective heat transfer capability to achieve the desired cooling effect.

Table 1 common boiling point of pure nanofluid base fluid

material	Carbon disulfide	Dichloromethane	Ether	Pentane	Petroleum ether
Molecular formula	CS 2	CH 2 Cl 2	C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5	C 5 H 12	C 7 H 7 BrMg
Boiling point (°C)	46.5	39.8	34.6	36.1	30-60 and other boiling range specifications

Table 2 boiling point of a common azeotrope nanofluid base solution

material	Water-ether	Methanol-dichloromethane	Water-carbon disulfide	Methanol-benzene	Methanol-methyl formate-cyclohexane
Composition (w/w)	1.0-99.0	7.3-92.7	2.0-98.0	39-61	17.8-48.6-33.6
Boiling point (°C)	34	37.8	44	48.3	50.8

Table 3 Thermal conductivity of commonly used nanoparticles

As shown in FIG. 7, a hole of a certain size is drilled in the base body 1 of the grinding head, and an inner surface is processed into a truncated hollow 54. The bottom of the truncated hollow 54 abuts on the forming surface of the drill bit, and the two are interference fits. The top of the truncated hollow 54 is processed into a stepped shape, and the bottom of the grind handle 48 is also processed into a stepped shape. The two are connected by a bolt 49, a spacer II50 and a nut 51, and are sealed by a gasket III60 to enhance the reliability of the seal. Sex. As shown in Fig. 8, the grinding head base 1 and the grinding head handle 48 are sealed by a winding gasket 61. The wound gasket 61 includes an outer reinforcing ring 62, a filler 63 and an inner reinforcing ring 64. The filler 63 serves as a main sealing function, and the outer reinforcing ring 62 has a positioning function during the mounting process, and the inner reinforcing ring 64 can improve the pressure resistance of the gasket. Performance, the inner and outer rings can improve the resilience of the gasket and prevent the gasket from crushing to prevent the seal from failing. The working chamber is double sealed with a gasket III60 and a wound gasket 61 to achieve a "zero leakage" of the nanofluid during the grinding process. Heat sink I57, heat sink II58, heat sink III59 can increase the heat dissipation area and improve heat transfer efficiency. The shoulder is machined on the grinding head base 1 to position the heat sink I57, heat sink II58, heat sink III59, sleeve II52, The sleeve III53 prevents the fins from swaying. The abrasive grains 55 are electroplated on the grinding head base 1. During the working process, the heat generated during the bone grinding process passes through the abrasive grains 55, and then is quickly transferred to the grinding head base body 1, and then transmitted to the inner wall of the conical cylinder 54 by the grinding head base body 1, and the nanofluid base liquid of the evaporation section evaporates and vaporizes. The steam flows to the condensation section under a slight pressure difference to release heat to condense into a liquid, and the liquid flows back to the evaporation section under the action of centrifugal force to complete a working cycle. This cycle reduces the temperature in the grinding zone and avoids secondary damage to the human body. The abrasive particles 55 are diamond abrasive grains. In order to increase the hydrophilicity of the abrasive grains, to improve the cooling and lubricating effect of the physiological saline during the bone grinding process, micron-sized TiO is further plated between the abrasive grains 55 and the grinding head substrate 1. ₂ .

Figure 9 shows the working principle of fluorescent fiber temperature measurement. Phosphor 56 is applied between the abrasive particles 55 and the grinding head substrate 1. Referring to the block diagram 10, when starting the operation, the single-chip microcomputer of the control system 31 issues a control command to operate the light source driving circuit, controls the laser diode 28 to emit light, obtains the excitation light of a specific wavelength through the fiber coupler 26, and enters the incident into the core cladding layer 7. The optical fiber 69 illuminates the phosphor 56 around the abrasive particles. The fluorescence emitted by the phosphor is transmitted from the receiving fiber 70 to the fiber coupler 26 and reaches the photoelectric converter 27. After photoelectric conversion and signal detection, an electrical signal reflecting the fluorescence intensity of the phosphor is obtained, and the fluorescence lifetime is obtained after calculation by the single chip microcomputer, and then obtained. Out of the grinding zone temperature.

Figure 11 shows how the fiber coupler works. As shown, the light from the laser diode 28 enters the optical path through the lens II67, is reflected by the filter 66, enters the incident optical fiber 69 through the lens I65, and excites the phosphor 56 to generate fluorescence. The resulting fluorescence is transmitted back by the receiving fiber 70, and is concentrated by the lens I65, the filter 66, and the lens III68 onto the photoelectric converter 27. FIG. 12 shows the structure of the core 71. To meet the measurement requirements, the core 71 is composed of one incident ray 69 and six receiving fibers 70 with the incident ray 69 in the middle and the receiving fiber 70 surrounding the incident ray 69 to increase the efficiency of fluorescence collection. As shown in FIG. 13, the core cladding 7 mainly serves to protect the core 71. The core cladding 7 is held by the lugs of the casing 11, and the hard jacket 2 is caught in the lugs above the end caps 38, as shown in FIG. Since the core cladding 7 is flexible, in order to better illuminate and collect the fluorescence of the core 71 during the grinding process, it is necessary to fold the hard sheath 2 into an appropriate angle.

Figure 15 shows how the speed torque measurement works. The reflective shaft I9, the reflective strip II12, the reflective strip III13 and the reflective strip IV37 are attached to the two ends of the driven shaft 4, wherein the reflective strip I9 and the reflective strip IV37, the reflective strip II12 and the reflective strip III13 are respectively arranged at 180° apart from each other. On the upper and lower sides of the shaft 4, the reflective strip I9 and the reflective strip II12, the reflective strip IV37 and the reflective strip III13 are respectively located on a straight line. The laser head I35 and the laser head II36 contain photoelectric receiving devices, which are respectively fixed directly below the reflective strip III13 and the reflective strip IV37. As can be seen from Fig. 16, when the operation starts, the reflective strip rotates synchronously with the axis, and the single-chip microcomputer of the control system 31 issues a control command to operate the light source driving circuit, and controls the laser head I35 and the laser head II36 to emit light, and the light is irradiated on the reflective strip, and the laser head is irradiated. The photoreceiving device receives the reflected light and generates an electrical pulse signal. Therefore, the axis per After one revolution, the laser head outputs two pulse signals with a phase difference of 180°. After processing by the signal processor, a pulse square wave series is obtained, and the rotation speed and torque of the shaft can be obtained by counting by the single chip microcomputer.

Figure 17 shows the working principle of the speed torque measurement system. When the shaft rotates, the reflective strip rotates synchronously, the laser head emits light and receives reflected light when the reflective strip rotates, and a pulse signal is obtained after passing through the photoelectric converter in the laser head. A pulse signal with a phase difference of 180° corresponding to the same laser head is subjected to a shaping circuit to obtain a pulse square wave series, and the counter 1 is sent to count the rotation speed. When the shaft is unloaded, the torsion angle of the shaft is zero, there is no phase difference between the two columns of pulses corresponding to the two laser heads, the AND gate is closed, and the counter 2 has no input signal. When the shaft transmits a load, a twist angle is generated

A phase difference Δt is generated between the two columns of pulses, and the AND gate is opened and matched with the high frequency pulse sequence, and sent to the counter 2, and the value of the torque is outputted by the data processing system of the single chip microcomputer. The key to the torque measurement is the phase ratio between the two channels of the same frequency. The principle is shown in Figure 18. In Fig. 18, the square waves A and B are the two columns of pulse signals output by the two laser heads. wave

In the interval Δt, the AND gate is turned on, so that the high frequency pulse sequence reaches the counter 2 through the AND gate. The count of the counter 2 depends on Δt, that is, the phase difference Δt or the twist angle.

the size of.

The working process of the present invention is as follows:

The heat sink I57, the fins II58 and the fins III59, the sleeve II52 and the sleeve III53 are mounted on the grinding head base 1. According to Table 1-3, suitable nano fluid base liquid and nanoparticles are selected, and the prepared nano fluid is placed in the truncated cone hollow 54 of the grinding head base 1. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the vacuum chamber is sealed with the grinding head handle 48. connection. The bearing is positioned as shown in Figure 2. The angular contact ball bearing I8 is positioned by the shoulder and the end cap 38. The angular contact ball bearing II19 is positioned by the sleeve I17, the stop washer 20 and the stop nut 21, and the deep groove ball bearing The I14 and deep groove ball bearings II22 are positioned by the casing and the shoulder. The stop washer 20 and the stop nut 21 also prevent loosening caused by the rotation of the shaft. As shown in FIG. 3, the end cap 38 and the housing 11 are finally sealed by a sealing ring 39 and a spacer I6, and the end cap 38 is fixed to the casing 11 by four screws I5. The DC motor bottom cover 29 is pulled out, the charged DC power supply 30 is inserted, and after the manual switch 32 is pressed, the DC motor 25 is rotated, and the coupling 24 connects the motor output shaft 34 with the drive gear shaft 18 and transmits the power to The drive gear shaft 18, the coupling bolt 23 is tightened to fix the two shafts. The drive gear shaft 18 meshes with the gear 15 to transmit power to the driven shaft 4. The gear 15 is matched by the flat key 16 and the driven shaft 4, and the chuck 3 connects and fixes the grinding head handle 48 to the driven shaft 4, and the grinding head handle 48 drives the grinding head through the flange connection, and the power is transmitted to the head. Grinding head. As shown in FIG. 4, the hand rotating sleeve 41 is manually rotated to drive the main body 40 to rotate relative to the jaw seat 44. The left-hand thread drives the screw II45 to advance, and the screw II45 pushes the jaw 47 so that the jaw 47 is along the inner tapered surface of the outer sleeve 46. The guide groove on the jaw seat 44 slides to clamp the grinding head handle 48. The nanofluid phase change thermal grinding head begins to rotate and remove the pathological bone according to the principles shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7. At the same time as the manual switch is pressed, the laser diode 28 and the two laser heads 35, 36 start to operate. As can be seen from FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, the light emitted by the laser diode 28 receives the excitation light of a specific wavelength through the fiber coupler 26, and enters the core package. The incident optical fiber 69 in the layer 7 illuminates the phosphor 56 around the abrasive particles 55. The fluorescence emitted by the phosphor 56 is transmitted from the receiving fiber 70 to the fiber coupler 26 and reaches the photoelectric converter 27. After photoelectric conversion and signal detection, an electrical signal reflecting the fluorescence intensity of the phosphor is obtained, and the fluorescence lifetime is obtained after calculation by the single chip microcomputer, and then the fluorescence lifetime is obtained. The temperature of the grinding zone is obtained. As shown in Fig. 14 and Fig. 15, Fig. 16, and Fig. 17, when the operation starts, the reflective strips 9, 12, 13, 37 rotate synchronously with the shaft 4, and the light emitted from the laser heads 35, 36 is irradiated on the reflective strip, the laser head The photoelectric receiving device inside receives the reflected light and generates an electrical pulse signal. Therefore, each revolution of the shaft 4, the laser head outputs two pulse signals, the phase difference is 180 °, and the pulse square wave series is obtained after being processed by the signal processor, and the rotation speed and torque of the shaft can be obtained by counting by the single chip microcomputer. After the grinding is completed, the grinding head handle 48 is removed, and the equipment is disinfected and stored.

The above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the skilled in the art does not require the creative work on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention. Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An on-line detection of grinding temperature and a nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding device, comprising: a housing, a grinding device, a power device, a transmission device, a control module, a temperature measuring module, and a speed and torque measuring module, Wherein the grinding device is mounted on the front end of the housing, the power device, the transmission device, the control module, the temperature measuring module, and the speed and torque measuring module are mounted inside the housing, and the grinding device passes through the transmission device and the power device The connection and temperature measurement modules are respectively connected to the grinding device and the control module, the speed and torque measurement module is disposed on one side of the transmission device, and the speed and torque measurement module and the power device are connected to the control module.
2. The grinding temperature on-line detection and nanofluid phase change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the grinding device comprises a grinding head and a grinding head handle, and a rear end of the grinding head is fixed to the grinding head. On the handle, and the sealing head is arranged between the grinding head and the grinding head handle, wherein the grinding head is provided with a plurality of abrasive grains at the front end thereof, and the micron-sized TiO ₂ is plated between the abrasive grains and the grinding head base body, and the inside of the grinding head is a grinding machine The conical circular truncated cone shape is hollow, and the diameter of the truncated cone hollow near the front end of the grinding head is larger than the diameter of the truncated cone hollow away from the front end of the grinding head, and the truncated cone hollow contains the nano fluid, and the truncated hollow of the grinding head includes the evaporation section. In the adiabatic section and the condensation section, the evaporation section is located at the front end of the grinding head, the adiabatic section is located in the middle of the grinding head, the condensation section is located at the rear end of the grinding head, and a plurality of fins are mounted on the outside of the condensation section.
3. The on-line detection of grinding temperature and the nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the circular truncated hollow is evacuated.
4. The grinding temperature on-line detection and nanofluidic phase change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power unit comprises a DC motor and a power source connected to each other.
5. The on-line detection of grinding temperature and the nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission device comprises a coupling, a driving gear shaft, a driven shaft and a fixed grinding head. The chuck of the handle, wherein the driving gear shaft is connected to the DC motor through a coupling, and the end of the driven shaft is connected with the driving gear shaft, and the chuck is mounted at the front end of the driven shaft.
6. The on-line detection of grinding temperature and the nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the chuck comprises a chuck body, a hand screw sleeve, a rear pressure cover, a steel ball, and a jaw a seat, a screw, a jacket, and a plurality of jaws, wherein the chuck body is mounted in a jaw seat, the jacket is mounted to a front end of the jaw seat, and a rear gland is mounted to a rear end of the jaw seat, The steel ball is placed between the main body of the collet and the rear gland, and the hand screw sleeve is mounted on the rear end of the rear gland and fixedly connected with the main body of the collet; the screw is mounted on the front end of the main body of the collet by a left-hand thread. The plurality of jaws are mounted on the guide groove at the front end of the jaw seat, the front end of the sleeve is hollow in a truncated cone shape, and an inner diameter of one end of the outer sleeve near the jaw is larger than an inner diameter away from one end of the jaw.
7. The on-line detection of grinding temperature and the nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control module comprises a signal collector, a signal processor and a single-chip microcomputer connected in sequence, and the signal acquisition is performed. Separate Connected to the temperature measurement module and the speed and torque measurement module.
8. The apparatus for on-line detection of grinding temperature and the nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temperature measuring module comprises a phosphor, a core, a fiber coupler, a laser diode, and a photoelectric converter. Wherein the core comprises an incident fiber and a receiving fiber, the phosphor is sandwiched between the abrasive particles at the front end of the grinding head and the base of the grinding head, one end of the core facing the phosphor, the incident fiber The other end is connected to the laser diode through a fiber coupler, and the laser diode is connected to the single chip microcomputer; the other end of the receiving fiber is connected to the photoelectric converter through a fiber coupler, and the photoelectric converter is connected to the signal collector.
9. A grinding temperature on-line detection and nanofluidic phase change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said speed and torque measuring module comprises a plurality of sets of reflective light distributed on an outer circumference of said driven shaft a strip and a plurality of laser heads corresponding to each set of reflective strips, wherein the reflective strips in each set are evenly distributed along an outer circumference of the driven shaft, and the laser head is provided with a reflected light signal for receiving the reflective strip Photoelectric receiving device.
10. The apparatus for on-line detection of grinding temperature and the nano-fluid phase-change thermal grinding apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of sets of reflective strips comprise a first set of reflective strips and a second set of reflective strips, the first set The reflective strip includes a reflective strip I and a reflective strip IV, the second set of reflective strips includes a reflective strip II and a reflective strip III, the reflective strip I and the reflective strip II are on the same line, and the reflective strip III and the reflective strip IV are on the same line, each The group of reflective strips corresponds to a laser head.

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