WO2016173151A1 - 一种用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构 - Google Patents

一种用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构 Download PDF

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WO2016173151A1
WO2016173151A1 PCT/CN2015/087213 CN2015087213W WO2016173151A1 WO 2016173151 A1 WO2016173151 A1 WO 2016173151A1 CN 2015087213 W CN2015087213 W CN 2015087213W WO 2016173151 A1 WO2016173151 A1 WO 2016173151A1
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piezoelectric
section beam
variable section
permanent magnet
electromechanical coupling
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French (fr)
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吴义鹏
季宏丽
裘进浩
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators

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  • the invention relates to an energy recovery device, in particular to an energy recovery structure based on a piezoelectric material, belonging to the field of vibration energy collection, and is suitable for multi-directional, low-frequency, wide-frequency or shock vibration energy collection.
  • wireless sensor networks With the rapid development of technologies such as sensors, microprocessors, and wireless communications, wireless sensor networks have also developed rapidly. It can directly learn the physical information of the objective world, and connect them with the remote control terminal through network transmission, providing people with the most direct, most effective and true objective information.
  • independent power supply technology still severely restricts its further application.
  • most network nodes still use battery-powered technology. Once the number of nodes is large, or where it is not convenient for people to contact, the maintenance cost of regular battery replacement will be very expensive. In addition, the discarded batteries have also placed a serious burden on the environment.
  • the average power consumption of wireless sensor nodes is extremely low, and there are many types of energy in the external environment to meet the normal working consumption of the nodes, such as solar energy, vibration energy, wind energy, and the like.
  • the vibration energy has the advantage of being ubiquitous and always present, and has received a lot of attention from scholars at home and abroad.
  • the conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy currently has several conversion principles such as electromagnetic, electrostatic, and piezoelectric.
  • the invention relates to piezoelectric vibration energy collection, and the main consideration is that the piezoelectric material has a high energy density, is convenient to integrate with the oscillating structure, and is advantageous for miniaturization and the like.
  • the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device mainly comprises an electromechanical coupling generator (ie, a piezoelectric coupling structure) with a piezoelectric material, and the charge extraction circuit is also called an interface circuit, and an electric energy storage and a voltage stabilizing circuit.
  • the electromechanical coupling generator is a key component of the whole device, which basically determines the maximum energy conversion efficiency of the device.
  • the cantilever beam structure with the piezoelectric element attached is a typical electromechanical coupling generator. When the external excitation frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of the cantilever beam, the cantilever beam will generate a great amplitude, which will result in a higher piezoelectric element. AC voltage. However, in practical applications, the external excitation frequency is often randomly changed.
  • a typical nonlinear structure is a permanent magnet mass at the end of a piezoelectric cantilever beam, and a fixed permanent magnet is arranged on the base structure near the end.
  • the cantilever beam structure vibrates, the surrounding magnetic field is attached to the end of the cantilever beam.
  • the non-linear "elastic" forces cause hardening, softening, or bistable phenomena in the structure.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric oscillator structure based on a practical electromechanical coupling generator structure for piezoelectric energy recovery, which can be used for environmental vibration energy recovery of wide, low frequency and impact loads, or It can be used for environmental vibration energy recovery in multiple directions by simple changes.
  • the piezoelectric oscillator structure for vibration energy recovery of the present invention includes a structural base and a piezoelectric electromechanical coupling power generation unit fixed on the structure, and the piezoelectric electromechanical coupling power generation unit includes At least one pair of piezoelectric electromechanical coupling generators, wherein the first electromechanical coupling generator includes a first variable section beam, a first permanent magnet mass, and a first piezoelectric element disposed on a surface of the first variable section beam, The first permanent magnet mass is fixed at the free end of the first variable section beam, and the root of the first variable section beam is fixed on the structural foundation, and the thickness of the free end of the first variable section beam is smaller than the thickness of the root; the second electromechanical coupling generator includes a second variable section beam, a second permanent magnet mass, and a second piezoelectric element disposed on a surface of the second variable section beam The second permanent magnet mass is fixed to the free end of the second variable section beam, and the second variable section root beam is fixed on the structural
  • the piezoelectric oscillator structure of the present invention further includes a limiting structure made of a non-magnetic material having a large coefficient of rigidity; and a third piezoelectric element is disposed on a surface of the piezoelectric electromechanical coupling power generating unit.
  • the limiting structure can not only protect the internal variable cross section cantilever beam structure from being damaged due to excessive amplitude, but also effectively recover the impact vibration energy.
  • the third piezoelectric element is used for recovering impact vibration energy.
  • the limiting structure After the collision, the limiting structure will have a damped free oscillation at its first-order resonant frequency, and because of its large stiffness coefficient, the first-order oscillation frequency will be higher.
  • This design subtly transforms the low-frequency large shock vibration energy that is difficult to collect in practical applications into the high-frequency vibration energy that is easy to collect.
  • Another function of the limiting structure is that when the amplitude of the inner cantilever beam is too large, the limiting structure additionally adds a piece of elastic restoring force, and the additional elastic restoring force can further widen the working frequency band of the inner cantilever beam structure.
  • the first variable section beam, the second variable section beam and the structural foundation are all made of a non-magnetic material.
  • first permanent magnet mass and the second permanent magnet mass have different masses
  • first variable cross-section beam and the second variable-section beam have different axial lengths, that is, the two
  • the variable section beam is fixed on the same structure as a set of asymmetric structures; in the structural design, the resonant frequencies of the two variable section beams are close but offset from each other to ensure that the external excitation frequency changes between the two resonance frequencies.
  • the entire device has a high voltage output.
  • the repulsive force is generated between the permanent magnets, so that the change of the repulsive force is nonlinear during the vibration of the cantilever beam. Since the repulsive force does not consume energy, it can be equivalent to the "elastic" force in the structure. .
  • variable section beam does not have bending strain
  • the variable section beam structure is under stress equilibrium, but there exists between the permanent magnet masses.
  • the repulsive force adds an additional amount of potential to the entire electromechanical coupling device.
  • Such a structure is a typical bistable structure.
  • the mass at the end of the variable-section beam can easily switch back and forth between the two lowest potential points, thereby increasing the amplitude and improving the piezoelectric element. Output voltage.
  • the permanent magnet mass used in the technical solution of the present invention should be as large as possible as compared with the entire energy recovery device, so that the resonance frequency of the variable section beam structure can be effectively reduced, and the strain of the structure at the same amplitude can be increased.
  • the mutual repulsion between the magnets can further reduce the structural resonance frequency and improve the low-frequency vibration energy recovery efficiency of the structure.
  • the neutral planes of the first variable section beam and the second variable section beam may be arranged at any angle, and the entire power generating device may collect vibration energy in multiple directions in a two-dimensional plane.
  • the limiting structure is added to recover the impact vibration energy, and the internal cantilever beam structure can be protected from damage due to excessive amplitude, thereby improving the vibration energy recovery efficiency;
  • the first and second variable cross-section beams are asymmetric structures. After ensuring that the neutral line (ie, the symmetry line of the neutral plane of the cantilever beam) is on the same line, the neutral plane of the beam can be designed at any angle. At this time, the vibration directions of the two variable-section beams will no longer be the same, and the entire generator structure can recover the multi-directional vibration energy in a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the neutral line;
  • Each variable-section beam is an asymmetric nonlinear cantilever beam structure, which is arranged in pairs, which is much more effective than increasing the working frequency band by a single increase of the cantilever beam structure;
  • Each variable-section beam adopts a variable-section design.
  • the piezoelectric element is made to have equal strain in the beam length direction as much as possible, and the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the structure is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a piezoelectric oscillator structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural view showing the structure of a piezoelectric oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a partial structural view showing the structure of a piezoelectric oscillator of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 first variable section beam
  • 2 first piezoelectric element
  • 3 first permanent magnet mass
  • 4 first limiting structure
  • 5 threaded hole
  • 6 round hole
  • 1' second variable-section beam
  • 2' second piezoelectric element
  • 3' second permanent magnet mass
  • 4' second limiting structure
  • 5' second threaded hole
  • the piezoelectric oscillator structure for vibration energy recovery of the present embodiment includes a base structure and a piezoelectric electromechanical coupling power generation unit fixed on the base structure, and the piezoelectric electromechanical coupling power generation unit includes At least one pair of piezoelectric electromechanical coupling generators: a first variable section beam 1 and a first piezoelectric element 2 integrated on a surface thereof, the first permanent magnet mass 3 being fixed at a free end of the first variable section beam 1, first The root of the variable section beam 1 is fixed on the base structure, the thickness of the free end of the first variable section beam 1 is smaller than the thickness of the root; the second variable section beam 1' and the second piezoelectric element 2' integrated on the surface thereof, The second permanent magnet mass 3' is fixed at the free end of the second variable section beam 1', and the root of the second variable section beam 1' is fixed on the base structure, and the thickness of the free end of the second variable section beam 1' is smaller than the thickness of the root; The first permanent magnet mass 3 and the
  • the cantilever beam adopts a variable cross-section design
  • the strain in the longitudinal direction of the beam is basically the same, so that the piezoelectric element can cover the entire beam length and be effectively utilized, and the design can greatly improve the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the structure.
  • the first piezoelectric element 2 and the second piezoelectric element 2' are disposed only on the upper surface of the variable-section beam.
  • a suitable arrangement may be selected according to requirements, and the variable-section beam is correspondingly
  • the permanent magnet mass at the end should be as large as possible within a reasonable range.
  • the piezoelectric energy recovery device of the present embodiment further includes a first limiting structure 4 and a second limiting structure 4' made of a non-magnetic material, which are electrically coupled to the piezoelectric electromechanical coupling.
  • the surface of the unit is integrated with a third piezoelectric element 2" and a fourth piezoelectric element 2'".
  • the first variable section beam 1, the second variable section beam 1' and the base structure are made of a non-magnetic material.
  • the first permanent magnet mass 3 and the second permanent magnet mass 3' have different masses, and the first variable section beam 1 and the second variable section beam 1' have different axial lengths.
  • connection between the permanent magnet mass and the end of the variable section beam can be mainly carried out in two ways: the first method is directly fixed to the end of the variable section beam by welding, but the spot temperature should be reduced in time by using spot welding and cooling liquid.
  • the second method is to reserve a frame of magnets at the end of the variable section beam, and then assemble the permanent magnet mass into the frame and fix it by interference fit.
  • the distance between the two permanent magnet masses is calculated in advance by the specific application.
  • two potential energy points will appear.
  • the permanent magnet mass will oscillate back and forth between the two lowest potential points, increasing the voltage output of the piezoelectric element.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the components of the partial structure of the present embodiment.
  • the electromechanical coupling power generation unit is composed of two similar components as shown in FIG. 3, and only differs in the dimensions of the variable section beam and the permanent magnet mass. When designing a miniature generator, this part should be a whole, except for the permanent magnet and the piezoelectric element, and be formed on the same piece of metal material. If you consider the processing cost, you can consider separately processing the base structure and the variable section beam, and then fixing them together by means of countersunk screws.
  • the two components are secured together by bolts 5 and threaded holes 5' to form a cartridge device in the form of a six-sided shield.
  • the repulsive force between the permanent magnets during assembly needs to be fine-tuned, and the circular hole 6 can be processed into a micro-elliptic shape on the side shield of the structural foundation, so that fine adjustment can be made according to actual conditions during assembly. .
  • the shield below the variable-section beam is the limiting structure 4, which can be equivalent to a cantilever beam structure with a relatively large stiffness coefficient, and the thickness is thicker relative to the inner cantilever beam, and There is no mass at the end, so during the vibration caused by the impact, the stress at the root of the limiting structure is much smaller and it is less prone to damage.
  • This limiting structure eliminates the need for additional protection.
  • the limiting structure does not have a variable cross-section design, and the piezoelectric element only needs to be attached to a section of the root of the structure.
  • the position of the impact point of the permanent magnet mass can be reserved, and on the other hand, the strain has been attenuated relatively small in the middle of the structure, and it is not necessary to stick the piezoelectric element.
  • the piezoelectric element is generally made of a piezoelectric ceramic material, the material is fragile and fearful of impact, so that the piezoelectric element is generally not disposed on the other side surface of the limiting structure.

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  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构，包括基础结构和固定在基础结构上的压电机电耦合发电单元，该单元包括至少一对压电机电耦合发电器，其包括变截面梁（1、1'）、永磁体质量块（3、3'）和集成在变截面梁表面的压电元件（2、2'），永磁体质量块固定在变截面梁的自由端，根部固定在基础结构上，变截面梁自由端厚度小于另一端的厚度；各永磁体质量块相对面极性相同并留有间隙。该压电振荡器结构增加了限幅结构用于回收冲击振动能量，能够保护内部的悬臂梁结构；各变截面梁采用的是变截面设计，使压电元件在梁长方向上具有相等的应变，提高了结构机电耦合系数。

Description

一种用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种能量回收装置，尤其涉及一种基于压电材料的能量回收结构，属于振动能量收集领域，适用于多方向、低频、宽频或冲击振动能量收集。
背景技术
随着传感器、微处理器、无线通信等技术的飞速发展，无线传感器网络亦获得了迅猛发展。它能够直接获悉客观世界的物理信息，通过网络传输将它们与远程控制终端联系在一起，为人们提供了最直接、最有效、最真实的客观信息。然而，独立供电技术作为无线传感器网络的基础技术之一，时至今日仍然严重制约了其进一步应用。目前绝大多数网络节点仍使用电池供电技术，一旦节点数量巨大，或者布置在人员不方便接触的场合，定期更换电池的后期维护费用将十分昂贵。另外，淘汰下来的废旧电池也给环境带来了严重的负担。
基于上述原因，回收环境中的能量并用于替代传统的电池供电技术，正吸引着大批学者的注意。一般而言，无线传感器节点的平均功耗极低，外界环境中存在多种类型的能量可以满足节点的正常工作消耗，如太阳能、振动能、风能等等。其中振动能量具有无处不在并时时刻刻存在的优点，获得了国内外学者不少地关注。将振动能转化成电能目前主要有电磁式、静电式、压电式等几种转换原理。本发明涉及的是压电式振动能量收集，主要考虑的是压电材料具有较高的能量密度，便于和振荡结构集成，利于微型化等优点。
压电式振动能量收集装置主要包括带压电材料的机电耦合发电器(即压电耦合结构)，电荷提取电路又称接口电路，以及电能存储、稳压电路。其中机电耦合发电器是整个装置的关键部件，基本决定了装置的最大能量转换效率。粘贴有压电元件的悬臂梁结构是一典型的机电耦合发电器，当外界激振频率和该悬臂梁的共振频率一致时，悬臂梁将产生极大的振幅，进而使压电元件产生较高的交流电压。然而在实际应用中，外界激振频率经常是随机变化的，一旦激振频率偏离悬臂梁结构的共振频率，耦合结构产生的电能将急剧降低。因此，很多学者在悬臂梁发电器结构的基础上提出了许多改进型的装置。例如清华大学的吴晓明 (Wu Xiaoming音译)等人提出了一种悬臂梁共振频率可调节的能量回收结构：悬臂梁末端质量块上固定有一轴向可调的粗螺栓，通过调节螺栓在梁轴向的位置，改变质量块的重心位置，进而改变了悬臂梁的等效梁长，最终改变了结构的共振频率，使之与激振频率匹配。但这种方法需要手动调节，目前为止，实用性还不强。还比如上海交通大学的刘金全(Liu Jingquan音译)等人将各种不同参数的压电悬臂梁结构集成在一个基础结构上面，悬臂梁的共振频率依次错开，确保了整个发电器在一个较宽的频带范围内，均有较高的电压输出。但该结构的能量密度显然偏小，另外由于输出电压存在相位差，后续接口电路将十分复杂。非线性耦合发电器结构的提出，从理论上解决了上述两个方法存在的缺点。典型的非线性结构是一压电悬臂梁末端带有永磁体质量块，同时末端附近的基础结构上还布置有固定的永磁体，悬臂梁结构在振动时，周围磁场在悬臂梁末端附加了一非线性的“弹性”力，使得结构出现硬化(harding)，软化(softing)，或双稳态现象。国内外许多学者对此类结构，进行了深入的研究，理论建模和相关实验研究均获得了很好的预期结果。设计非线性机电耦合结构来回收宽、低频振动能量也成为了学术界主流的研究趋势。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于实用化的机电耦合发电器结构的压电振荡器结构，用于压电能量回收，能够用于宽、低频以及冲击载荷的环境振动能量回收，或通过简单变化，能够用于多方向上的环境振动能量回收。
技术方案
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明的用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构包括结构基础和固定在所述结构基础上的压电机电耦合发电单元，所述的压电机电耦合发电单元包括至少一对压电机电耦合发电器，其中，第一机电耦合发电器包括第一变截面梁、第一永磁体质量块和设置在第一变截面梁表面的第一压电元件，所述的第一永磁体质量块固定在第一变截面梁自由端，第一变截面梁根部固定在所述的结构基础上，第一变截面梁自由端厚度小于根部厚度；第二机电耦合发电器包括第二变截面梁、第二永磁体质量块和设置在第二变截面梁表面的第二压电元 件，所述的第二永磁体质量块固定在第二变截面梁自由端，第二变截面根部梁固定在所述的结构基础上，第二变截面梁自由端端厚度小于其根部的厚度；所述的第一永磁体质量块和第二永磁体质量块相对布置，相对面之间具有间隙且极性相同。其中，第一压电元件和第二压电元件用于回收宽、低频振动能量。
更进一步地，本发明的压电振荡器结构还包括一个由不导磁材料制成的限幅结构，其刚度系数较大；其朝向压电机电耦合发电单元的表面设置有第三压电元件。所述的限幅结构不仅能够保护内部变截面悬臂梁结构由于振幅过大而损坏，还能够有效地回收冲击振动能量。其中，所述的第三压电元件用于回收冲击振动能量。当永磁体质量块撞击限幅结构时，除了部分能量会以声音、热等形式耗散掉，大部分冲击能量还是留在了变截面梁和限幅结构内部。碰撞结束后，限幅结构会在其一阶共振频率处做有阻尼的自由振荡，同时因为其刚度系数较大，一阶振荡频率会比较高。该设计巧妙地将实际应用中难以收集的低频大冲击振动能量转化成了较易收集的高频振动能量。限幅结构的另一作用是当内部悬臂梁振幅过大时，限幅结构额外给其增加了一段弹性恢复力，额外的弹性恢复力能够进一步拓宽内部悬臂梁结构的工作频带。
更进一步地，本发明的技术方案中，第一变截面梁、第二变截面梁和结构基础都是由不导磁材料制成。
更进一步地，所述的第一永磁体质量块和第二永磁体质量块具有不同的质量，所述的第一变截面梁和第二变截面梁轴向长度不同，即所述的两个变截面梁作为一组非对称结构固定在同一结构基础上；在结构设计时，两个变截面梁的共振频率接近但相互错开，确保外界激振频率在这两个共振频率之间变化时，整个装置均能有较高的电压输出。另外，永磁体之间产生的是排斥力，这样在悬臂梁的振动过程中，排斥力的变化是非线性的，由于排斥力不会消耗能量，可以将其等效成结构中的“弹性”力。如果结构设计得当，本装置会出现两个势能最低点，不考虑重力作用的影响，当变截面梁没有发生弯曲应变时，变截面梁结构处于受力平衡状态，但永磁体质量块之间存在的排斥力，给整个机电耦合装置额外增加了部分势能。此类结构就是典型的双稳态结构，当外界加速度比较大的时候，变截面梁末端的质量块很容易在两个势能最低点之间来回切换，进而增大了振幅，提高了压电元件的输出电压。
更进一步地，本发明技术方案采用的永磁体质量块相较于整个能量回收装置，应尽可能的大，这样可以有效地降低变截面梁结构的共振频率，增大结构在相同振幅下的应变，提高装置的能量密度。另外，磁体之间的互斥力也能进一步降低结构共振频率，提高结构的低频振动能量回收效率。
更进一步地，所述第一变截面梁、第二变截面梁的中性面可以呈任意夹角布置，此时整个发电装置可以收集二维平面内多个方向的振动能量。
有益效果
本发明的用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构具有以下有益效果：
(1)增加了限幅结构用于回收冲击振动能量，并能够保护内部的悬臂梁结构不会因为振幅过大而损坏，提高了振动能量回收效率；
(2)第一、第二变截面梁是非对称结构。在确保其中性线(即悬臂梁中性面的对称线)处于同一条直线上后，梁的中性面可以呈任意角度设计。此时两个变截面梁的振动方向将不再一致，整个发电器结构因此能回收垂直于中性线的二维平面内的多方向上振动能量；
(3)各变截面梁为非对称非线性悬臂梁结构，成对布置，远比通过单个增加悬臂梁结构来增加工作频带要有效得多；
(4)各变截面梁采用的是变截面设计，在不改变压电元件形状的基础上，尽量使得压电元件在梁长方向上具有相等的应变，提高了结构机电耦合系数。
附图说明
图1是本发明的压电振荡器结构的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的一个实施例的压电振荡器结构的剖视结构示意图；
图3本发明的一个实施例的压电振荡器结构的部分结构示意图。
图中标记说明：
1：第一变截面梁；2：第一压电元件；3：第一永磁体质量块；4：第一限幅结构；5：螺纹孔；6：圆孔；
1’：第二变截面梁；2’：第二压电元件；3’:第二永磁体质量块；4’：第二限幅结构；5’：第二螺纹孔
2”：第三压电元件；2”’：第四压电元件
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行具体说明。
如图1所示，本实施例的用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构包括基础结构和固定在所述基础结构上的压电机电耦合发电单元，所述的压电机电耦合发电单元包括至少一对压电机电耦合发电器：第一变截面梁1和集成在其表面的第一压电元件2，第一永磁体质量块3固定在第一变截面梁1的自由端，第一变截面梁1根部固定在所述的基础结构上，第一变截面梁1自由端厚度小于根部厚度；第二变截面梁1’和集成在其表面的第二压电元件2’，、第二永磁体质量块3’固定在第二变截面梁1’自由端，第二变截面梁1’根部固定在所述的基础结构上，第二变截面梁1’自由端厚度小于根部厚度；所述的第一永磁体质量块3和第二永磁体质量块3’相对面极性相同，并且留有间隙。由于悬臂梁采用变截面设计，在梁长方向上所受的应变基本一致，因此压电元件可以布满整个梁长且得到有效地利用，该设计可以极大地提高结构的机电耦合系数。如图2所示，第一压电元件2、第二压电元件2’只布置在变截面梁的上表面，在具体实施中可根据需要具体计算选择合适的布置方案相应地，变截面梁末端的永磁体质量块，在合理的范围内应越大越好。
如图1、图2所示，本实施例的压电能量回收装置还包括由不导磁材料制成的第一限幅结构4和第二限幅结构4’，其朝向压电机电耦合发电单元的表面集成有第三压电元件2”、第四压电元件2’”。
所述的第一变截面梁1、第二变截面梁1’和基础结构由不导磁材料制成。
所述的第一永磁体质量块3和第二永磁体质量块3’具有不同的质量，所述的第一变截面梁1和第二变截面梁1’轴向长度不同。
永磁体质量块和变截面梁末端的连接主要可以采用两种方式：方式一是采用焊接方式直接固定在变截面梁末端，但在操作时应采用点焊同时配合冷却液的方式及时降低磁体温度；方式二是在变截面梁末端预留一包磁体的框体，然后将永磁体质量块装配进框体通过过盈配合固定。在装配耦合发电单元时，一般来 说两块永磁体质量块之间的距离是预先通过具体应用优化计算得出的，一对非对称的悬臂梁结构在动力学分析上，会出现两个势能最低点。这样一旦外界有比较大的激振力作用在该结构的基础上，永磁体质量块会在两个势能最低点之间来回震荡，增大了压电元件的电压输出。
图3所示为本实施例部分结构的零部件示意图，机电耦合发电单元由两个图3所示的相似零部件组成，仅仅在变截面梁和永磁体质量块的尺寸上存在差异。在设计微型的发电器时，此零部件除永磁体和压电元件外，应是一个整体，在同一块金属材料上加工成型。如果考虑到加工成本，则可以考虑将基础结构和变截面梁分开加工，再通过沉头螺丝螺栓将它们固定在一起。两块零部件通过螺栓5和螺纹孔5’固定在一起形成带有六面护板形式的盒式装置。在实际设计时，应考虑到装配时永磁体之间的排斥力需要进行微调，可以在结构基础的侧面护板上将圆孔6加工成微椭圆型，这样在装配时可以根据实际情况进行微调。
图3所示的零部件示意图中，变截面梁下方的护板即为限幅结构4，可以将其等效成刚度系数比较大的悬臂梁结构，厚度相对于内部悬臂梁要厚，另外其末端没有质量块，因此在受到撞击而产生的振动过程中，限幅结构根部的应力会小很多，不容易出现损坏。该限幅结构不再需要额外的保护装置。另外，该限幅结构没有采用变截面设计，压电元件仅需粘贴在结构根部一段范围内即可。一方面可以预留出永磁体质量块撞击点的位置，另一方则因为在结构中间位置，应变已经衰减得比较小，没有必要粘贴压电元件。考虑到压电元件一般采用的是压电陶瓷材料，该材料易脆怕撞击，因此在限幅结构的另一侧表面，一般不再布置压电元件。
以上结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明，但本实施例只给出了最简单的一种结构，即一对非对称非线性压电耦合发电结构，且悬臂梁中性面夹角为0。实际上本发明的技术方案并不限于上述实施方式，可以通过增加多对非对称结构或改变中性面夹角来改进装置的实际应用性能。在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在本发明要求保护范围内做出其它各种变化。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构，包括基础结构和固定在所述基础结构上的压电机电耦合发电单元，其特征在于，所述的压电机电耦合发电单元包括至少一对压电机电耦合发电器，其中，第一机电耦合发电器包括第一变截面梁(1)、第一永磁体质量块(3)和集成在第一变截面梁(1)表面的第一压电元件(2)，所述的第一永磁体质量块(3)固定在第一变截面梁(1)的自由端，第一变截面梁(1)根部固定在所述的基础结构上，第一变截面梁(1)自由端厚度小于另一端的厚度；第二机电耦合发电器包括第二变截面梁(1’)、第二永磁体质量块(3’)和集成在第二变截面梁(1’)表面的第二压电元件(2’)，所述的第二永磁体质量块(3’)固定在第二变截面梁(1’)自由端，第二变截面梁(1’)根部固定在所述的基础结构上，第二变截面梁(1’)自由端厚度小于另一端的厚度；所述的第一永磁体质量块(3)和第二永磁体质量块(3’)相对面极性相同并留有间隙。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构，其特征在于，还包括两个由不导磁材料制成的第一、第二限幅结构(4、4’)，其朝向压电机电耦合发电单元的表面设置有第三、第四压电元件(2”、2”’)。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构，其特征在于，所述的第一变截面梁(1)、第二变截面梁(1’)和基础结构由不导磁材料制成。
  4. 如权利要求1述的用于振动能量回收的压电振荡器结构，其特征在于，一对压电耦合发电器是非对称结构，即所述的第一永磁体质量块(3)和第二永磁体质量块(3’)具有不同的质量，所述的第一变截面梁(1)和第二变截面梁(1’)轴向长度不同。
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