WO2016170215A1 - Improved infective trap for insects - Google Patents
Improved infective trap for insects Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016170215A1 WO2016170215A1 PCT/ES2016/070284 ES2016070284W WO2016170215A1 WO 2016170215 A1 WO2016170215 A1 WO 2016170215A1 ES 2016070284 W ES2016070284 W ES 2016070284W WO 2016170215 A1 WO2016170215 A1 WO 2016170215A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- infective
- insect
- outlet duct
- trap according
- insect trap
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/10—Catching insects by using Traps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a trap for insects harmful to fruits, plants and trees, of the type that are placed on the ground and that allow the entry of insects walking into the same.
- the object of the present invention is a trap for little or no flying insects, which in addition to allowing entry to it, allows its exit after being impregnated with a substance during its passage through the trap.
- traps for little or no flying insects which generally access the trap by walking, such as those belonging to the family of beetles, based on the idea of attracting the insect through a pheromone-type attractant or based on semiochemicals and capture it inside a receptacle.
- the purpose of the traps is to cause death to the captured insect for which they are endowed with different mechanisms: drown it by introducing water into the bottom of the receptacle, poison it when it comes into contact with a harmful substance, capture it by adhering to a surface impregnated with adhesive, even generating death by applying an electrical voltage. In some cases, the simple fact that the The insect cannot find its way out, it causes its death by starvation after a while.
- some traps are known as the one described in Spanish patent ES2371322, which is validation of European patent EP2244565, where a trap with an attractant for insects is shown, comprising a hollow unit that houses the contact pesticide and comprising both an inlet and an outlet, especially directed downwards so that said hollow unit is designed to prevent pests from remaining within it without energy expenditure, that is, without fly, walk, climb, crawl, grab or hold, thus ensuring almost immediate departure.
- This document includes a trap specially designed for flies, more specifically, for tephritids, also known as fruit flies.
- this document focuses its efforts on the insect accessing by flying inside the trap and not remaining inside the trap for more time than necessary to become infected, facilitating its exit to allow said insect to contaminate the rest or, at least, to the largest number of individuals.
- the infective trap of the present invention solves the problems of the state of The technique mentioned above not only attracts the insect effectively, but also allows its exit after having been given enough, and in the appropriate area of the body, entomopathogenic agent to cause death after a certain period of time, during which the carrier of the substance transmits to all those who come into contact with him, even after death.
- the infective trap of the invention is especially indicated for the control of pests of little or no flying insects such as those of the beetle family, for example the Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) commonly known as the red weevil of the Palm tree.
- Oliver Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
- the trap of the invention also allows easy handling both in its installation and in the replacement of replaceable elements that contain both the attractant and the entomopathogenic substance or agent.
- the infective trap of the invention is basically structured from a conical surface open at least superiorly so that said upper base constitutes the entrance for insects.
- the upper opening of the conical surface extends inferiorly forming a funnel with smooth walls that runs into said conical surface, a funnel whose major base is that It is in confluence with the upper opening of the conical surface, then decreasing its section as it moves away from it, forming a kind of slide that forces the insect to go towards the lower area, where at least one exit duct is located To the exterior.
- This exit duct which comprises inside the substance or infective agent with which it is desired to impregnate the insect during its way to the exit, presents means to force the insect to move with some effort, so that it is impregnated with said substance in the area of the abdomen between the legs due to the friction produced during forced contact.
- the insect which due to the tubular shape of said exit duct intuitively perceives it as a "forward flight", will leave the trap in a very short time interval, which will allow it to extend the entomopathogenic agent of the widest possible form among the rest of the population of its species.
- Figure 1 Shows a bottom perspective view of the infective insect trap of the invention.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a possible embodiment of the infective trap of the invention when it has more than one outlet duct.
- Figure 3. Shows a sectional view of the elevation of another possible embodiment of the infective trap of the invention
- Figure 4. Shows a perspective perspective view of the cartridge housed in the outlet duct of the trap of the previous figure.
- Figure 5. It shows a view like that of figure 3, which also includes the trapdoor that prevents insects from re-entering through the exit duct once they leave the trap.
- infective trap of the invention comprises: - A conical surface (1) open at the top, where said upper opening constitutes the entrance for insects and which according to a possible embodiment externally comprises irregularities in the form of roughnesses, drawings or forms suitable for the climbing of the insects towards said upper opening;
- a funnel (2) that runs towards the inside of the conical surface (1) whose major base is that which is in confluence with the upper opening of said conical surface (1), then decreasing its section as it moves away from it towards down to its minor base forming a kind of slide with smooth walls that forces the insect to go to the lower area to facilitate its exit and prevent it from climbing up again; and - At least one outlet duct (3) to the outside connected by one of its ends to the minor base of the funnel (2), the other being open to the outside outside the trap to allow the insect to exit, further comprising said duct exit (3) inside the substance or infective agent with which you want to impregnate the insect.
- This outlet duct (3) has means to force the insect to move with some effort, so that it is impregnated with said substance in the area of the abdomen between the legs by the friction produced during forced contact.
- the outlet duct (3) extends to the outside of the trap through holes (4) located on the conical surface (1) of the trap .
- the number of said outlet ducts (2) may also be variable depending on whether it is desired to provide more or less outputs to insects.
- both may be independent pieces, joining by means conventional clipping, tongue and groove, threading, etc. in which case the upper opening of the conical surface (1) will extend inferiorly so that it can be coupled to the main base of the funnel (2).
- the outlet duct (3) can be an independent part of the funnel (2), which will also be joined by a conventional method such as friction, tongue and groove, clipping, dovetail, etc. In this way, the outlet duct (3) will be easily replaceable if it becomes clogged, the infectious agent comprising inside it is exhausted, etc.
- the outlet duct (3) is capable of housing, according to another possible embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, a cartridge (5) containing the infective agent with which the insect should be impregnated.
- the essential characteristic of the infective trap of the invention is that it comprises means for forcing the insect to move through the outlet duct (3) with some effort so that due to friction it is impregnated with the infective agent, preferably in the area of the abdomen between the legs.
- said infective agent is located at least on the lower surface on which it walks or , as intended, drag the insect, soil that in order to increase friction as much as possible will have, as can be seen in figures 3 and 4, roughnesses (6) to help penetrate said infective agent between joints of the segments that cover the abdomen of the insect in the area between its legs.
- said duct has a narrow shape, calculated according to statistical data of dimensions of the individuals that make up the insect populations that want to be eradicated or controlled and tested in the laboratory for each case.
- the design and geometry of said outlet duct (3) will be designed to adapt and provide adequate and optimal output for impregnation.
- the outlet duct (3) has in a possible embodiment shown in Figure 4 a low, flat and flat roof area (7), which limits its total height forcing the insect to crawl attached to the part lower, that is, sticking more to the roughness (6) impregnated with the infective agent.
- Figure 3 shows, by way of example, an upward inclination of 2 e of the axis of the outlet duct (3) with respect to the horizontal, but this inclination may vary depending on the balance that is to be achieved between favoring the contact and the friction of the insect and allow its exit.
- Figure 2 which schematically shows an embodiment with at least two outlet ducts (3), the inclination of said duct is markedly greater than 2 e .
- the inclination angle could be set between 0 e and 45 e , or even up to 60 e , having been found that the optimum range of said inclination would be between 0 e and 10 e .
- both the outlet duct (3) and the cartridge (5) may have at their open end a flap or flap (8) of non-return closure that allows its opening to the outside to let the insect that entered the trap, but that does not allow its opening inwards in order to prevent that same insect or others from entering in the opposite direction inside the trap.
- a flap or flap (8) of non-return closure that allows its opening to the outside to let the insect that entered the trap, but that does not allow its opening inwards in order to prevent that same insect or others from entering in the opposite direction inside the trap.
- the trap on the upper open base of the conical surface (1) the trap can further comprise a closing piece as a cover supported by columns of a certain height inserted at the edge of said open upper base, so as to allow a space between the entrance and said cover for the entrance of the insects but that prevents rain from entering or other elements.
- said cover will comprise means for housing the pheromone-based attractant or other specific attractant, preferably for both males and females.
- the side wall of the conical surface (1) has aeration openings that allow the circulation of an air stream so that its interior is cooled, thus lowering its temperature.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an infective trap for little-flying or non-flying insects which, as well as permitting same to enter, permits same to exit after having been impregnated with a substance during their passage through the trap, and which essentially comprises a conical body (1) housing an attractive substance, an upper inlet opening and an outlet channel (3) to the outside, which in turn comprises an infective agent, wherein the upper opening is connected to the outlet channel (3) such that the insect is forced to move towards said outlet channel (3) so that it is impregnated with the infective agent by means of friction.
Description
TRAMPA INFECTIVA PARA INSECTOS PERFECCIONADA INFECTIVE TRAP FOR PERFECTED INSECTS
D E S C R I P C I O N D E S C R I P C I O N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a una trampa para insectos nocivos para los frutos, las plantas y los árboles, del tipo de las que son colocadas en el suelo y que permiten la entrada de los insectos caminando hacia el interior de la misma. The present invention relates to a trap for insects harmful to fruits, plants and trees, of the type that are placed on the ground and that allow the entry of insects walking into the same.
Más concretamente, el objeto de la presente invención lo constituye una trampa para insectos poco o nada voladores, que además de permitir la entrada a la misma, permite su salida tras haber sido impregnados con una substancia durante su paso por la trampa. More specifically, the object of the present invention is a trap for little or no flying insects, which in addition to allowing entry to it, allows its exit after being impregnated with a substance during its passage through the trap.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
De forma general, son conocidas trampas para insectos poco o nada voladores, que acceden generalmente a la trampa caminando, como por ejemplo los pertenecientes a la familia de los coleópteros, basadas en la idea de atraer el insecto mediante un atrayente tipo feromona o basado en semioquímicos y capturarlo dentro de un receptáculo. In general, traps for little or no flying insects are known, which generally access the trap by walking, such as those belonging to the family of beetles, based on the idea of attracting the insect through a pheromone-type attractant or based on semiochemicals and capture it inside a receptacle.
La finalidad de las trampas es la de causar la muerte al insecto capturado para lo cual se dotan de diferentes mecanismos: ahogarlo al introducir agua en el fondo del receptáculo, envenenarlo al entrar en contacto con una sustancia nociva, capturarlo mediante su adhesión a una superficie impregnada de adhesivo, incluso generarle la muerte al aplicarle una tensión eléctrica. En algunos casos, el simple hecho de que el
insecto no pueda encontrar la salida le causa su muerte por inanición al cabo de un tiempo. The purpose of the traps is to cause death to the captured insect for which they are endowed with different mechanisms: drown it by introducing water into the bottom of the receptacle, poison it when it comes into contact with a harmful substance, capture it by adhering to a surface impregnated with adhesive, even generating death by applying an electrical voltage. In some cases, the simple fact that the The insect cannot find its way out, it causes its death by starvation after a while.
Ejemplos de algunos de estos sistemas pueden verse en los modelos de Utilidad españoles U200801203 o U201000201 , ambos de este mismo solicitante. Examples of some of these systems can be seen in the Spanish Utility models U200801203 or U201000201, both of this same applicant.
Sin embargo, aún siendo eficaces, la aplicación de este tipo de técnicas de captura de insectos no es suficiente debido a la expansión exponencial de algunas plagas, por lo que no consiguen bajar el nivel poblacional de la misma hasta el umbral objetivo. Es este el caso en el control de coleópteros en campo abierto de, entre otros, el escarabajo "Picudo de la Palmera" o fíhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). However, even though they are effective, the application of these types of insect capture techniques is not enough due to the exponential expansion of some pests, so they do not manage to lower their population level to the target threshold. This is the case in the control of beetles in the open field of, among others, the beetle "Palm weevil" or fíhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier).
Así, como alternativa más ambiciosa para el control de algunas plagas, en algunos casos como el especificado, se contempla en lugar de capturar los insectos adultos en trampas como las descritas, el atraerlos para, mediante alguna técnica, conseguir impregnarlos de una sustancia nociva y después dejarlos marchar para convertir a su vez a este adulto en transmisor de esta sustancia nociva a otros individuos de su misma especie. De este modo, durante el corto periodo de vida que le queda al insecto portador de la sustancia nociva, éste puede entrar en contacto con otros individuos de su especie, bien mediante cópula, bien por introducirse en las colonias de los mismos y transmitir esa sustancia nociva a otros individuos sanos de manera que se podría generar una rápida propagación de la misma y, por consiguiente, aumentar la proporción de individuos afectados y mejorar el control de la plaga. Se contempla incluso la posibilidad de que este insecto pudiese contaminar a semejantes de su especie incluso de manera post mortem. Thus, as a more ambitious alternative for the control of some pests, in some cases as specified, it is contemplated instead of capturing adult insects in traps such as those described, attracting them to, by some technique, get to impregnate them with a harmful substance and then let them go to turn this adult into a transmitter of this harmful substance to other individuals of the same species. Thus, during the short period of life that remains for the insect that carries the harmful substance, it can come into contact with other individuals of its kind, either by intercourse, or by entering the colonies of the same and transmitting that substance. harmful to other healthy individuals so that it could generate a rapid spread of it and, consequently, increase the proportion of affected individuals and improve pest control. The possibility is even contemplated that this insect could contaminate peers of its kind even in a post mortem manner.
En este sentido, son conocidas algunas trampas como la descrita en la patente española ES2371322, que es validación de la patente europea EP2244565, donde se muestra una trampa con un atrayente para los insectos, que comprende una unidad hueca que aloja el pesticida de contacto y que comprende tanto una entrada como una salida, especialmente dirigidas hacia abajo de forma que dicha unidad hueca está diseñada para impedir que las plagas permanezcan dentro de la misma sin gasto de energía, es decir, sin
volar, caminar, escalar, arrastrarse, agarrarse o sostenerse, asegurando de esta forma su salida prácticamente inmediata. In this sense, some traps are known as the one described in Spanish patent ES2371322, which is validation of European patent EP2244565, where a trap with an attractant for insects is shown, comprising a hollow unit that houses the contact pesticide and comprising both an inlet and an outlet, especially directed downwards so that said hollow unit is designed to prevent pests from remaining within it without energy expenditure, that is, without fly, walk, climb, crawl, grab or hold, thus ensuring almost immediate departure.
Este documento, sin embargo, recoge una trampa especialmente pensada para moscas, más concretamente, para tefrítidos, también conocidas como moscas de la fruta. Así, este documento centra sus esfuerzos en que el insecto acceda volando al interior de la trampa y que no permanezca dentro de la trampa más tiempo del necesario para infectarse, facilitando su salida para permitir que luego dicho insecto contamine al resto o, al menos, al mayor número de individuos. This document, however, includes a trap specially designed for flies, more specifically, for tephritids, also known as fruit flies. Thus, this document focuses its efforts on the insect accessing by flying inside the trap and not remaining inside the trap for more time than necessary to become infected, facilitating its exit to allow said insect to contaminate the rest or, at least, to the largest number of individuals.
Dicho documento, por lo tanto, tampoco es efectivo para el control de coleópteros como el escarabajo "Picudo de la Palmera", pues no facilita ni la entrada ni la impregnación de este tipo de insectos. This document, therefore, is also not effective for the control of beetles such as the beetle "Picudo de la Palmera", as it does not facilitate the entry or impregnation of this type of insects.
En cualquier caso, en la erradicación de plagas de coleópteros como el escarabajo "Picudo de la Palmera", el resto de trampas convencionales se encuentran con el problema de cómo administrar al insecto la cantidad suficiente del agente entomopatogeno para que ésta sea efectiva, pues si bien es relativamente sencillo atraerlos hacia la trampa mediante la utilización de feromonas, no lo es conseguir que el insecto se impregne lo suficiente de dicho agente, especialmente cuando el agente entomopatogeno es un hongo como Beauveria bassiana, muy utilizado por ser muy efectivo a la hora de parasitar al insecto, pero que, en el caso de este tipo de insectos, precisa de una carga infectiva elevada en una parte específica del cuerpo para provocar la infección. En el caso de los coleópteros esta infección es especialmente complicada debido a que presentan su zona más venosa y vulnerable en el abdomen, donde se encuentran los segmentos articulados que son la principal vía de entrada de la infección. In any case, in the eradication of beetle pests such as the "Palm Weevil" beetle, the rest of conventional traps are faced with the problem of how to administer to the insect the sufficient amount of the entomopathogenic agent so that it is effective, because if While it is relatively easy to attract them to the trap by using pheromones, it is not possible to get the insect to impregnate enough of said agent, especially when the entomopathogenic agent is a fungus like Beauveria bassiana, widely used for being very effective at the time to parasitize the insect, but that, in the case of this type of insects, requires a high infective load on a specific part of the body to cause infection. In the case of beetles this infection is especially complicated because they have their most venous and vulnerable area in the abdomen, where the articulated segments are the main route of entry of the infection.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La trampa infectiva de la presente invención soluciona los problemas del estado de
la técnica antes mencionados pues no sólo atrae de manera efectiva al insecto, sino que permite su salida después de haberle administrado la cantidad suficiente, y en la zona del cuerpo adecuada, de agente entomopatógeno para provocar su muerte después de cierto espacio de tiempo, durante el cual el portador de la sustancia la transmite a todos aquellos que entren en contacto con él, incluso después de muerto. The infective trap of the present invention solves the problems of the state of The technique mentioned above not only attracts the insect effectively, but also allows its exit after having been given enough, and in the appropriate area of the body, entomopathogenic agent to cause death after a certain period of time, during which the carrier of the substance transmits to all those who come into contact with him, even after death.
Por todo ello, la trampa infectiva de la invención está especialmente indicada para el control de plagas de insectos poco o nada voladores como son los de la familia de los coleópteros, por ejemplo el Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) comúnmente conocido como el picudo rojo de la palmera. Therefore, the infective trap of the invention is especially indicated for the control of pests of little or no flying insects such as those of the beetle family, for example the Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) commonly known as the red weevil of the Palm tree.
Todo ello se consigue, además, con un costo reducido y asegurando el mayor número de individuos infectados posible para una especie determinada, a través del atrayente utilizado, consiguiendo una alta eficacia en la infección. All this is achieved, in addition, with a reduced cost and ensuring the greatest possible number of infected individuals for a given species, through the attractant used, achieving high efficacy in infection.
Por último, la trampa de la invención permite además una fácil manipulación tanto en su instalación como en la reposición de los elementos recambiables que contienen tanto el atrayente como la sustancia o agente entomopatógena. Concretamente, la trampa infectiva de la invención se estructura básicamente a partir de una superficie cónica abierta al menos superiormente de forma que dicha base superior constituya la entrada para los insectos. Finally, the trap of the invention also allows easy handling both in its installation and in the replacement of replaceable elements that contain both the attractant and the entomopathogenic substance or agent. Specifically, the infective trap of the invention is basically structured from a conical surface open at least superiorly so that said upper base constitutes the entrance for insects.
Por otro lado, para facilitar la entrada de los insectos al interior de la trampa, la abertura superior de la superficie cónica se extiende inferiormente formando un embudo de paredes lisas que discurre hacia el interior de dicha superficie cónica, embudo cuya base mayor es la que se encuentra en confluencia con la abertura superior de la superficie cónica, disminuyendo luego su sección según se aleja de la misma hacia abajo formando una especie de tobogán que obliga al insecto a dirigirse hacia la zona inferior, donde se encuentra al menos un conducto de salida al exterior.
Este conducto de salida, que comprende en su interior la sustancia o el agente infectivo con el que se desea impregnar al insecto durante su camino hacia la salida, presenta medios para obligar al insecto a desplazarse con algo de esfuerzo, de forma que éste quede impregnado con dicha sustancia en la zona del abdomen situada entre las patas por el rozamiento producido durante el contacto forzado. On the other hand, in order to facilitate the entry of insects into the trap, the upper opening of the conical surface extends inferiorly forming a funnel with smooth walls that runs into said conical surface, a funnel whose major base is that It is in confluence with the upper opening of the conical surface, then decreasing its section as it moves away from it, forming a kind of slide that forces the insect to go towards the lower area, where at least one exit duct is located To the exterior. This exit duct, which comprises inside the substance or infective agent with which it is desired to impregnate the insect during its way to the exit, presents means to force the insect to move with some effort, so that it is impregnated with said substance in the area of the abdomen between the legs due to the friction produced during forced contact.
Así, el insecto, que debido a la forma tubular de dicho conducto de salida lo percibe de forma intuitiva como una" huida hacia adelante", saldrá de la trampa en un intervalo de tiempo muy reducido, lo que permitirá que extienda el agente entomopatogeno de la forma más amplia posible entre el resto de la población de su especie. Thus, the insect, which due to the tubular shape of said exit duct intuitively perceives it as a "forward flight", will leave the trap in a very short time interval, which will allow it to extend the entomopathogenic agent of the widest possible form among the rest of the population of its species.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: La figura 1 .- Muestra una vista en perspectiva inferior de la trampa infectiva para insectos de la invención. To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. For illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented: Figure 1 .- Shows a bottom perspective view of the infective insect trap of the invention.
La figura 2.- Muestra una vista esquemática en sección del alzado de una posible realización de la trampa infectiva de la invención cuando esta cuenta con más de un conducto de salida. Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a possible embodiment of the infective trap of the invention when it has more than one outlet duct.
La figura 3.- Muestra una vista en sección del alzado de otra posible realización de la trampa infectiva de la invención
La figura 4.- Muestra una vista en perspectiva de detalle del cartucho alojado en el conducto de salida de la trampa de la figura anterior. Figure 3.- Shows a sectional view of the elevation of another possible embodiment of the infective trap of the invention Figure 4.- Shows a perspective perspective view of the cartridge housed in the outlet duct of the trap of the previous figure.
La figura 5.- Muestra una vista como la de la figura 3 en la que además se incluye la trampilla que impide que los insectos vuelvan a introducirse por el conducto de salida una vez salen de la trampa. Figure 5.- It shows a view like that of figure 3, which also includes the trapdoor that prevents insects from re-entering through the exit duct once they leave the trap.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A la vista de las figuras reseñadas y de acuerdo con la numeración adoptada, puede observarse en las mismas una realización preferente de la trampa infectiva de la invención que comprende: - Una superficie cónica (1 ) abierta superiormente, donde dicha abertura superior constituye la entrada para los insectos y que según una posible realización externamente comprende irregularidades en forma de rugosidades, dibujos o formas adecuadas para la escalada de los insectos hacia dicha abertura superior; In view of the figures outlined and according to the numbering adopted, a preferred embodiment of the infective trap of the invention can be observed therein which comprises: - A conical surface (1) open at the top, where said upper opening constitutes the entrance for insects and which according to a possible embodiment externally comprises irregularities in the form of roughnesses, drawings or forms suitable for the climbing of the insects towards said upper opening;
Un embudo (2) que discurre hacia el interior de la superficie cónica (1 ) cuya base mayor es la que se encuentra en confluencia con la abertura superior de dicha superficie cónica (1 ), disminuyendo luego su sección según se aleja de la misma hacia abajo hasta su base menor formando una especie de tobogán de paredes lisas que obliga a dirigirse al insecto hacia la zona inferior para facilitar su salida y evitar que vuelva a trepar hacia arriba; y - Al menos un conducto de salida (3) al exterior conectado por uno de sus extremos a la base menor del embudo (2), estando el otro abierto al exterior fuera de la trampa para permitir la salida del insecto, comprendiendo además dicho conducto de salida (3) en su interior la sustancia o agente infectivo con la que se desea impregnar al insecto.
Este conducto de salida (3), como ya se ha dicho, presenta medios para obligar al insecto a desplazarse con algo de esfuerzo, de forma que éste quede impregnado con dicha sustancia en la zona del abdomen situada entre las patas por el rozamiento producido durante el contacto forzado. Según una posible realización de la invención mostrada en las figuras 1 a 3, el conducto o conductos de salida (3) se extienden hasta el exterior de la trampa a través de orificios (4) situados en la superficie cónica (1 ) de la trampa. Así, el número de dichos conductos de salida (2) también podrá ser variable en función de que se desee proporcionar más o menos salidas a los insectos. A funnel (2) that runs towards the inside of the conical surface (1) whose major base is that which is in confluence with the upper opening of said conical surface (1), then decreasing its section as it moves away from it towards down to its minor base forming a kind of slide with smooth walls that forces the insect to go to the lower area to facilitate its exit and prevent it from climbing up again; and - At least one outlet duct (3) to the outside connected by one of its ends to the minor base of the funnel (2), the other being open to the outside outside the trap to allow the insect to exit, further comprising said duct exit (3) inside the substance or infective agent with which you want to impregnate the insect. This outlet duct (3), as already said, has means to force the insect to move with some effort, so that it is impregnated with said substance in the area of the abdomen between the legs by the friction produced during forced contact. According to a possible embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 3, the outlet duct (3) extends to the outside of the trap through holes (4) located on the conical surface (1) of the trap . Thus, the number of said outlet ducts (2) may also be variable depending on whether it is desired to provide more or less outputs to insects.
Por otro lado, según la realización mostrada en las figuras, especialmente en las números 2 y 3, en lugar de que el embudo (2) y la superficie cónica (1 ) constituyan la misma pieza, ambas podrán ser piezas independientes, uniéndose por medios convencionales de clipado, machihembrado, roscado, etc. en cuyo caso la abertura superior de la superficie cónica (1 ) se extenderá inferiormente para poderse acoplar a la base mayor del embudo (2). On the other hand, according to the embodiment shown in the figures, especially in numbers 2 and 3, instead of the funnel (2) and the conical surface (1) being the same piece, both may be independent pieces, joining by means conventional clipping, tongue and groove, threading, etc. in which case the upper opening of the conical surface (1) will extend inferiorly so that it can be coupled to the main base of the funnel (2).
Del mismo modo, según otra posible realización no mostrada en las figuras, el conducto de salida (3) podrá ser una pieza independiente del embudo (2), al que se unirá también mediante un método convencional tal como por fricción, machihembrado, clipado, cola de milano, etc. De esta forma, el conducto de salida (3) será fácilmente reemplazable en el caso de quede atascado, se agote el agente infectivo que comprende en su interior, etc. Además, el conducto de salida (3) es susceptible de alojar, según otra posible realización mostrada en las figuras 3 y 4, un cartucho (5) que contenga el agente infectivo con el que debe quedar impregnado el insecto. De esta forma, cuando el agente infectivo pierda efectividad, en lugar de tener que sustituir todo el conducto de salida (3) o incluso el conjunto de embudo (2) más conducto de salida (3) cuando ambos formen una sola pieza,
bastará con cambiar sólo dicho cartucho (5) permitiendo tener la trampa infectiva en buen estado de funcionamiento todo el tiempo de forma cómoda y económica. In the same way, according to another possible embodiment not shown in the figures, the outlet duct (3) can be an independent part of the funnel (2), which will also be joined by a conventional method such as friction, tongue and groove, clipping, dovetail, etc. In this way, the outlet duct (3) will be easily replaceable if it becomes clogged, the infectious agent comprising inside it is exhausted, etc. In addition, the outlet duct (3) is capable of housing, according to another possible embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, a cartridge (5) containing the infective agent with which the insect should be impregnated. Thus, when the infective agent loses effectiveness, instead of having to replace the entire outlet duct (3) or even the funnel assembly (2) plus outlet duct (3) when both form a single piece, it is enough to change only said cartridge (5) allowing to have the infective trap in good working order all the time in a comfortable and economic way.
En todos los casos, no obstante, la característica esencial de la trampa infectiva de la invención es que ésta comprende medios para obligar al insecto a desplazarse por el conducto de salida (3) con algo de esfuerzo de forma que debido al rozamiento éste quede impregnado con el agente infectivo, preferiblemente en la zona del abdomen situada entre las patas. Así, bien sea cuando el conducto de salida (3) incorpora directamente el agente infectivo o bien cuando disponga de un cartucho (5) que sea el que lo contenga, dicho agente infectivo se sitúa al menos sobre la superficie inferior por la que camina o, según se pretende, arrastra el insecto, suelo que con el objeto de aumentar en lo posible el rozamiento dispondrá, tal y como puede verse en las figuras 3 y 4, de rugosidades (6) para ayudar a penetrar a dicho agente infectivo entre las articulaciones de los segmentos que cubren el abdomen del insecto en la zona situada entre sus patas. In all cases, however, the essential characteristic of the infective trap of the invention is that it comprises means for forcing the insect to move through the outlet duct (3) with some effort so that due to friction it is impregnated with the infective agent, preferably in the area of the abdomen between the legs. Thus, either when the outlet duct (3) directly incorporates the infective agent or when it has a cartridge (5) that contains it, said infective agent is located at least on the lower surface on which it walks or , as intended, drag the insect, soil that in order to increase friction as much as possible will have, as can be seen in figures 3 and 4, roughnesses (6) to help penetrate said infective agent between joints of the segments that cover the abdomen of the insect in the area between its legs.
Estas rugosidades (6), permiten además que el agente infectivo no sea "lavado" o arrastrado en su totalidad con cada insecto que atraviese el conducto de salida (3), sino que permanezca en cantidades suficientes para infectar a otros insectos que pasen posteriormente. These roughnesses (6) also allow the infective agent not to be "washed" or dragged in its entirety with each insect that passes through the outlet duct (3), but to remain in sufficient quantities to infect other insects that pass later.
Además, de cara a forzar aún más el rozamiento del insecto con las rugosidades (6) del suelo por donde se arrastra el insecto en trayecto por el conducto de salida (3), dicho conducto presenta una forma angosta, calculada según datos estadísticos de dimensiones de los individuos que componen las poblaciones de insectos que quieren erradicarse o controlar y testada en laboratorio para cada caso. De esta forma, según sea el tipo de insecto cuya plaga se quiera controlar, el diseño y geometría de dicho conducto de salida (3) se diseñará para adaptarse y proporcionar una salida adecuada y óptima de cara a su impregnación.
Para lograr esa angostura, el conducto de salida (3) cuenta en una posible realización mostrada en la figura 4 con una zona de techo (7) bajo, liso y plano, que limita su altura total obligando al insecto a arrastrarse pegado a la parte inferior, es decir, pegándose más a las rugosidades (6) impregnadas del agente infectivo. In addition, in order to further force the friction of the insect with the roughness (6) of the ground through which the insect is dragged along the exit duct (3), said duct has a narrow shape, calculated according to statistical data of dimensions of the individuals that make up the insect populations that want to be eradicated or controlled and tested in the laboratory for each case. In this way, depending on the type of insect whose pest is to be controlled, the design and geometry of said outlet duct (3) will be designed to adapt and provide adequate and optimal output for impregnation. To achieve this narrowness, the outlet duct (3) has in a possible embodiment shown in Figure 4 a low, flat and flat roof area (7), which limits its total height forcing the insect to crawl attached to the part lower, that is, sticking more to the roughness (6) impregnated with the infective agent.
Por último, de cara a favorecer aún más el paso forzado y con esfuerzo del insecto por el conducto de salida (3), dicho conducto se encuentra inclinado hacia arriba respecto a la horizontal, añadiendo una dificultad adicional al desplazamiento del insecto. En la figura 3 se muestra, a modo de ejemplo, una inclinación hacia arriba de 2e del eje del conducto de salida (3) respecto a la horizontal, pero dicha inclinación podrá variar en función del equilibrio que se quiera conseguir entre favorecer el contacto y el rozamiento del insecto y permitirle su salida. Por ejemplo, en la figura 2, que muestra de forma esquemática una realización con al menos dos conductos de salida (3), la inclinación de dicho conducto es notablemente mayor a 2e. Finally, in order to further favor the forced and forced passage of the insect through the outlet duct (3), said duct is tilted upwards from the horizontal, adding an additional difficulty to the movement of the insect. Figure 3 shows, by way of example, an upward inclination of 2 e of the axis of the outlet duct (3) with respect to the horizontal, but this inclination may vary depending on the balance that is to be achieved between favoring the contact and the friction of the insect and allow its exit. For example, in Figure 2, which schematically shows an embodiment with at least two outlet ducts (3), the inclination of said duct is markedly greater than 2 e .
Según las pruebas realizadas, el ángulo de inclinación podría fijarse entre 0e y 45e, o incluso hasta 60e, habiéndose comprobado que el rango óptimo de dicha inclinación sería el comprendido entre 0e y 10e. According to the tests carried out, the inclination angle could be set between 0 e and 45 e , or even up to 60 e , having been found that the optimum range of said inclination would be between 0 e and 10 e .
Según puede verse en la figura 5, tanto el conducto de salida (3) como el cartucho (5) podrán presentar en su extremo abierto una solapa o trampilla (8) de cierre anti retorno que permita su abertura hacia el exterior para dejar salir al insecto que entró en la trampa, pero que no permita su abertura hacia el interior de cara a evitar que ese mismo insecto u otros entren en sentido contrario al interior de la trampa. De este modo se consigue un circuito de dirección única que permite asegurar una buena repetitividad en los tiempos que tarda un insecto en pasar por el conducto y por consiguiente asegurar el éxito de la impregnación. Por último, según una posible realización no representada en las figuras, sobre la base superior abierta de la superficie cónica (1 ) la trampa puede comprender además una
pieza de cierre a modo de cubierta soportada por columnas de cierta altura insertadas en el borde de dicha base superior abierta, de modo que permitan dejar un espacio entre la entrada y dicha cubierta para la entrada de los insectos pero que impida la entrada de la lluvia u otros elementos. As can be seen in Figure 5, both the outlet duct (3) and the cartridge (5) may have at their open end a flap or flap (8) of non-return closure that allows its opening to the outside to let the insect that entered the trap, but that does not allow its opening inwards in order to prevent that same insect or others from entering in the opposite direction inside the trap. In this way, a single direction circuit is achieved that ensures good repeatability in the time it takes for an insect to pass through the duct and therefore ensure the success of the impregnation. Finally, according to a possible embodiment not shown in the figures, on the upper open base of the conical surface (1) the trap can further comprise a closing piece as a cover supported by columns of a certain height inserted at the edge of said open upper base, so as to allow a space between the entrance and said cover for the entrance of the insects but that prevents rain from entering or other elements.
Además, dicha cubierta comprenderá medios para alojar el producto atrayente a base de feromonas u otro atrayente específico, preferentemente tanto para machos como para hembras. Furthermore, said cover will comprise means for housing the pheromone-based attractant or other specific attractant, preferably for both males and females.
Por último, según una posible configuración de la invención, la pared lateral de la superficie cónica (1 ) posee aberturas de aireación que permiten la circulación de una corriente de aire de manera que se refrigere su interior, disminuyendo así su temperatura. Finally, according to a possible configuration of the invention, the side wall of the conical surface (1) has aeration openings that allow the circulation of an air stream so that its interior is cooled, thus lowering its temperature.
Esta aireación a través de las aberturas será, no obstante, susceptible de favorecerse mediante ventilación forzada por medio de un pequeño ventilador o similar accionado, preferentemente, por medio de un sistema autónomo como por ejemplo energía solar.
This aeration through the openings will, however, be able to be favored by forced ventilation by means of a small fan or the like, preferably operated by means of an autonomous system such as solar energy.
Claims
1. - Trampa infectiva para insectos que comprende: 1. - Infective insect trap comprising:
un atrayente, an attractant,
- al menos una abertura superior de entrada, y - at least one upper entrance opening, and
al menos un conducto de salida (3) al exterior que a su vez comprende un agente infectivo; at least one outlet duct (3) to the outside which in turn comprises an infective agent;
donde la abertura superior está conectada al conducto de salida (3) de forma tal que se obliga al insecto a dirigirse hacia dicho conducto de salida (3); y wherein the upper opening is connected to the outlet duct (3) in such a way that the insect is forced to go towards said outlet duct (3); Y
caracterizada por que comprende medios para obligar al insecto a desplazarse por el conducto de salida (3) con esfuerzo de forma que éste se impregne con el agente infectivo por rozamiento. characterized in that it comprises means to force the insect to move through the outlet duct (3) with effort so that it is impregnated with the infective agent by friction.
2. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 1 caracterizada porque el conducto de salida (3) comprende unas rugosidades (6) sobre las que se deposita el agente infectivo y una forma angosta para forzar el rozamiento del insecto con dichas rugosidades (6) en su camino hacia la salida. 2. - Infectious insect trap according to claim 1 characterized in that the outlet duct (3) comprises roughnesses (6) on which the infective agent is deposited and a narrow shape to force the friction of the insect with said roughnesses (6) in Your way to the exit.
3. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 1 caracterizada porque el conducto de salida (3) comprende un cartucho (5) recambiable que a su vez comprende unas rugosidades (6) sobre las que se deposita el agente infectivo y una forma angosta para forzar el rozamiento del insecto con dichas rugosidades (6) en su camino hacia la salida. 3. - Infective insect trap according to claim 1 characterized in that the outlet duct (3) comprises a replaceable cartridge (5) which in turn comprises roughnesses (6) on which the infective agent is deposited and a narrow shape to force the friction of the insect with said roughnesses (6) on its way to the exit.
4. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 2 ó 3, caracterizada porque el agente infectivo se sitúa al menos sobre el suelo de la superficie destinada a que se arrastre el insecto de manera forzada para ayudar a penetrar a dicho agente infectivo entre las articulaciones de los segmentos que cubren el abdomen del insecto en la zona situada entre sus patas. 4. - Infective insect trap according to any of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the infective agent is placed at least on the ground of the surface intended for the insect to be forcedly dragged to help penetrate said infective agent between the joints of the segments that cover the abdomen of the insect in the area between its legs.
5.- Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque la zona angosta cuenta con una zona de techo (7) bajo, liso y plano, que limita su altura total
obligando al insecto a arrastrarse pegado a la parte inferior donde se encuentran las rugosidades (6) impregnadas del agente infectivo. 5.- Infective insect trap according to claim 4, characterized in that the narrow zone has a low, flat and flat roof area (7), which limits its total height forcing the insect to crawl close to the bottom where the roughness (6) impregnated with the infective agent are found.
6. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque el conducto de salida (3) se encuentra inclinado hacia arriba respecto a la horizontal un ángulo comprendido entre 0e y 60e. 6. - infective insect trap according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the outlet duct (3) is inclined upwardly from the horizontal at an angle between 0 and 60 e.
7. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 6, caracterizada porque el ángulo de inclinación está comprendido entre 0e y 10e. 7. - infective insect trap according to claim 6, wherein the angle is between 0 and 10 e.
8. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que el conducto de salida (3) o el cartucho (5) presentan en su extremo abierto una solapa o trampilla (8) de cierre anti retorno. 8. - Infective insect trap according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet duct (3) or the cartridge (5) has at its open end a flap or flap (8) of anti-return closure.
9.- Trampa infectiva para insectos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque está formada por una superficie cónica (1 ) cuya base superior constituye la entrada para los insectos que externamente comprende irregularidades para facilitar la escalada de los insectos hacia dicha abertura superior. 9. Infective trap for insects according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is formed by a conical surface (1) whose upper base constitutes the entrance for insects that externally comprises irregularities to facilitate the climbing of insects into said upper opening.
10.- Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque la abertura superior está conectada al conducto de salida (3) por medio de un embudo (2) cuya base mayor se encuentra en confluencia con dicha abertura superior y donde la base menor de dicho embudo (2) está conectada a dicho conducto de salida (3). 10.- Infective insect trap according to claim 9, characterized in that the upper opening is connected to the outlet duct (3) by means of a funnel (2) whose major base is in confluence with said upper opening and where the minor base of said funnel (2) is connected to said outlet duct (3).
11.- Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 10, caracterizada porque el conducto o conductos de salida (3) se extienden hasta el exterior de la trampa a través de orificios (4) situados en la superficie cónica (1 ) de la trampa. 11. Infective insect trap according to claim 10, characterized in that the outlet duct (3) extends to the outside of the trap through holes (4) located on the conical surface (1) of the trap.
12.- Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 1 1 , caracterizada porque el embudo (2) es una pieza independiente de la superficie cónica (1 ), del conducto de salida (3) o de ambas.
12.- Infective insect trap according to claim 1, characterized in that the funnel (2) is an independent part of the conical surface (1), the outlet duct (3) or both.
13. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 12, caracterizada por que sobre la base superior abierta de la superficie cónica (1 ) comprende una cubierta soportada por columnas de modo que permitan dejar un espacio entre la entrada y dicha cubierta para la entrada de los insectos pero que impida la entrada de la lluvia u otros elementos. 13. - Infective insect trap according to any of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that on the upper open base of the conical surface (1) it comprises a cover supported by columns so as to allow a space between the entrance and said cover for the entry of insects but that prevents the entry of rain or other elements.
14. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 13, caracterizada por que la cubierta comprende medios para alojar el producto atrayente. 14. - Infective insect trap according to claim 13, characterized in that the cover comprises means for housing the attractant product.
15. - Trampa infectiva para insectos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 14, caracterizada por que la pared lateral de la superficie cónica (1 ) posee aberturas de aireación que permiten la circulación de una corriente de aire en su interior. 15. - Infective trap for insects according to any of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the side wall of the conical surface (1) has aeration openings that allow the circulation of an air stream inside.
16.- Trampa infectiva para insectos según reivindicación 15, caracterizada por que comprende medios de ventilación forzada para favorecer la ventilación a través de las aberturas.
16.- Infective insect trap according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises forced ventilation means to favor ventilation through the openings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201530532A ES2549489B1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2015-04-21 | INFECTIVE TRAP FOR PERFECTED INSECTS |
| ESP201530532 | 2015-04-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016170215A1 true WO2016170215A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
Family
ID=54338530
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2016/070284 WO2016170215A1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-04-20 | Improved infective trap for insects |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2549489B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016170215A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5057316A (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1991-10-15 | Ecoscience Laboratories, Inc. | Method and device for the biological control of insects |
| US5452540A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-09-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Autoinoculating device for contaminating insects with active agents |
| DE19515454A1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-30 | Theysohn Friedrich Fa | Flying pest eradicator for forests esp. bark beetles |
| GB2426196A (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-22 | Malaysian Palm Oil Board | A method and device for dissemination of entomopathogens involving a temporary trap with an insect attractant & an entomopathogen |
-
2015
- 2015-04-21 ES ES201530532A patent/ES2549489B1/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-04-20 WO PCT/ES2016/070284 patent/WO2016170215A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5057316A (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1991-10-15 | Ecoscience Laboratories, Inc. | Method and device for the biological control of insects |
| US5452540A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-09-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Autoinoculating device for contaminating insects with active agents |
| DE19515454A1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-30 | Theysohn Friedrich Fa | Flying pest eradicator for forests esp. bark beetles |
| GB2426196A (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-22 | Malaysian Palm Oil Board | A method and device for dissemination of entomopathogens involving a temporary trap with an insect attractant & an entomopathogen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2549489A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| ES2549489A9 (en) | 2016-04-04 |
| ES2549489B1 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
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