WO2016165100A1

WO2016165100A1 - Rectification circuit

Info

Publication number: WO2016165100A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/076738
Authority: WO
Inventors: 唐样洋; 张臣雄
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2015-04-16
Filing date: 2015-04-16
Publication date: 2016-10-20
Also published as: CN107112915A

Abstract

Disclosed is a rectification circuit, which relates to the technical field of circuits and is used for solving the problem in the prior art that the electrical energy conversion rate of the rectification circuit is low. The rectification circuit comprises: a first input capacitor (C_in), a first input inductor (L_in), a first switch group (101) and an output capacitor (C_out), wherein the first switch group (101) is used for controlling the direction of current conduction, so that an output current of the rectification circuit is a direct current in a target direction; one end of the first input capacitor (C_in) is connected to one end of the first input inductor (L_in); the other end of the first input capacitor (C_in) is connected to one end of an input signal (V_AC) of the rectification circuit; the other end of the first input inductor (L_in) is connected to a first end (a₁) of the first switch group (101); a second end (b₁) of the switch group (101) is connected to one end of the output capacitor (C_out); the other end of the output capacitor (C_out) is grounded; and a third end (c₁) of the switch group (101) is grounded or is connected to a bias voltage.

Description

Rectifier circuit

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of circuit technologies, and in particular, to a rectifier circuit.

Background technique

With the development of information technology, the Internet of Things (English: Internet of Things, referred to as IoT) is becoming more and more widely used. As a common device for collecting terminal information in the Internet of Things, various types of sensors (English: sensor) are the indispensable basic conditions for the Internet of Things, and the power supply problem of the sensor has become one of the important challenges in the specific application process of the sensor.

At present, the sensor's power supply mode gradually evolves from the initial battery-powered mode to a battery-free mode that converts energy in the environment into electrical energy, for example, by converting various energy sources such as wind, pressure, solar energy, and electromagnetic waves into electrical energy. Power the sensor. Among them, RF energy resources are widely used due to their large range of physical distances covered, easy to implement, and high power transmission characteristics. In general, the Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting unit includes three modules: Matching Matching, Rectifying Circuit, and Direct Current Filtering. In the rectifier circuit, a DC filter module is included. The function of the rectifier circuit is to convert the wireless alternating current received from the antenna into direct current to be supplied to a load, such as a terminal device sensor of the Internet of Things.

At present, a rectification circuit commonly used in the field of radio frequency is a single-stage Dickson charge pump rectifier circuit. Figure 1 shows the structure of a single-stage Dickson charge pump rectifier circuit, which includes an input capacitor (English: capacitor) C _in , two diodes (English: diode) D ₁ and D ₂ , and DC filter. The output capacitor C _out , and one of the diodes is connected between the input capacitor C _in and the output capacitor C _out , and the other diode is connected in reverse to the input capacitor C _in and the other end to the ground. In the existing rectifier circuit, when the input capacitance is switched, the potential switching of the input capacitor lags behind the potential switching of the input signal, and it is easy to cause a part of the power output by the input capacitor to be unable to be transmitted to the output capacitor, thereby causing charge redistribution. Loss (English: charge redistribution loss), so the power conversion rate is low.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a rectifying circuit to solve the problem that the capacitance of the existing rectifying circuit existing in the prior art has a large energy loss when switching the electric potential, and thus the electric energy conversion rate is low.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

In one aspect, the present invention provides a rectifier circuit including: a first input capacitor, a first input inductor, a first switch group, and an output capacitor, wherein the first switch group is configured to control a direction in which the current is conducted to cause the The output current of the rectifier circuit is a direct current in the target direction;

One end of the first input capacitor is connected to one end of the first input inductor;

The other end of the first input capacitor is connected to one end of the input signal of the rectifier circuit, the other end of the first input inductor is connected to the first end of the first switch group, or the first input inductor The other end is connected to one end of the input signal of the rectifier circuit, and the other end of the first input capacitor is connected to the first end of the first switch group;

The second end of the first switch group is connected to one end of the output capacitor, the other end of the output capacitor is grounded, and the third end of the first switch group is grounded or connected to a bias voltage.

In combination with the above aspect, in a first implementation manner of the foregoing aspect, the rectifier circuit further includes a second input capacitor, a second input inductor, and a second switch group, where:

One end of the second input capacitor is connected to one end of the second input inductor;

The other end of the second input capacitor is connected to the other end of the input signal of the rectifier circuit, the other end of the second input inductor is connected to the first end of the second switch group, or the second input The other end of the inductor is connected to the other end of the input signal of the rectifier circuit, and the other end of the second input capacitor is connected to the first end of the second switch group;

The second end of the second switch group is connected to the output capacitor, and the third end of the second switch group is grounded or connected to a bias voltage.

In combination with the above aspect or the first implementation manner of the foregoing aspect, in a second implementation manner of the foregoing aspect, the first switch group includes a first diode and a second diode, where:

An anode of the first diode is connected to a first end of the first switch group, and a cathode of the first diode is connected to a second end of the first switch group;

The cathode of the second diode is connected to the first end of the first switch group, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the third end of the first switch group.

In conjunction with the first implementation of the foregoing aspect, in a third implementation of the foregoing aspect, the second switch group includes a third diode and a fourth diode, wherein:

An anode of the third diode is connected to a first end of the second switch group, and a cathode of the third diode is connected to a second end of the second switch group;

The cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the first end of the second switch group, and the anode of the fourth diode is connected to the third end of the second switch group.

In conjunction with the first implementation of the foregoing aspect, in a fourth implementation manner of the foregoing aspect, the first switch group includes a first P-channel MOSFET and a first N-channel metal oxide semiconductor a field effect transistor, the second switch group comprising a second P-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a second N-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, wherein:

a gate of the first P-channel MOSFET and a gate of the first N-channel MOSFET are connected to a first end of the first switch group;

a source of the first P-channel MOSFET is connected to a second end of the first switch group;

a source of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to a third end of the first switch group;

a drain of the first P-channel MOSFET and a drain of the first N-channel MOSFET are connected to a first end of the second switch group;

a gate of the second P-channel MOSFET and a gate of the second N-channel MOSFET are connected to a first end of the second switch group;

a source of the second P-channel MOSFET is connected to a second end of the second switch group;

a source of the second N-channel MOSFET is connected to a third end of the second switch group;

a drain of the second P-channel MOSFET and the second The drains of the N-channel MOSFETs are all connected to the first end of the first switch group.

According to the rectifier circuit provided by the present invention, since the rectifier circuit includes an input inductor and an input capacitor connected in series to each other, when the current direction of the input signal changes, since the potential direction change at both ends of the input capacitor lags behind the input signal, There is still current flowing through the input inductor of the input capacitor, so that the power that is transferred to the output capacitor in the future is saved to the input inductor. After the potential direction across the input capacitor changes, the input inductor returns the stored energy. To the input capacitor, and the stored capacitance is transmitted to the output capacitor by the input capacitor, compared with the prior art rectifier circuit, the energy loss is large, and the power conversion rate is low, the invention can reduce the capacitance caused when switching the potential The charge redistribution loss increases the electrical energy stored in the input capacitor, thereby increasing the DC power delivered from the input capacitor to the output capacitor, thereby increasing the power conversion rate.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any creative work.

1 is a schematic structural view of a single-stage cross-coupled rectifier circuit in the prior art;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of another rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of still another rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of still another rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the present embodiment will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the drawings in the embodiments. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

In order to solve the power loss of the rectifier circuit existing in the prior art, the power conversion rate is further The low-level problem, the embodiment of the present invention provides a rectifier circuit, the rectifier circuit includes: a first input capacitor, a first input inductor, a first switch group, and an output capacitor, wherein the first switch group is used to control current conduction a direction of the direct current of the output current of the rectifier circuit as a target direction; one end of the first input capacitor is connected to one end of the first input inductor;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The rectifier circuit includes an input signal V _AC , an input capacitor C _in , an input inductor L _in , and a switch. group 101 and the output capacitor C _out, wherein one end of the AC signal V input capacitor C _in one end of the input _AC is connected to the input capacitor C _in the other end connected in series with one end of the input inductor L _in the input inductor L _in the the other end of the first switch group 101 is connected to a ₁ terminal, _a second terminal B connected to one end of the output capacitor C _out of the switch group, the third terminal c of the other end of the output capacitor C _out, the _grounding switch group or Connect the bias voltage.

It should be noted that, in other implementations of this embodiment, the positions of the input capacitor C _in and the input inductor L _in may be interchanged. The output capacitor C _out in this embodiment has the function of DC filtering. In other implementations of this embodiment, other devices may also be used to implement the DC filtering function.

In addition, the first switch group in this embodiment may have multiple implementation manners, as long as the direction of controlling the output current can be the target direction. For example, the first switch group can be composed of two reversed diodes connected in parallel. The composition can also be composed of FETs.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the first switch group is specifically implemented by two parallel diodes connected in parallel. At this time, the specific structure of the circuit includes The input signal V _AC , the input capacitor C _in , the input inductor L _in , the first switch group and the output capacitor C _out , the input capacitor C _in , the input inductor L _in , the connection relationship between the first switch group and the output capacitor C _out may be Refer to Figure 2. The first switch group includes a first diode D ₁ and a second diode D ₂ , and an anode of the first diode D ₁ is connected to the first end a _{1 of} the first switch group, a cathode of the diode D ₁ is connected to the second end b _{1 of the} first switch group; a cathode of the second diode D ₂ is connected to the first end a _{1 of the} first switch group, and the second diode D ₂ The anode is connected to the third end c _{1 of the} first switch group. In addition, the V _DC in the figure refers to a direct current that is output from the first switch group after being rectified. The V _DCs in Figures 4 and 5 in the following figure all indicate the meaning of the output as DC power, which will not be described later.

In combination with the circuit structure of the rectifier circuit shown in FIG. 3, the working principle is specifically: when the current output by the input signal V _AC is a forward current, the input signal positively charges the input capacitor C _in , and the charging current will also flow. input inductor L _in, the first diode D ₁ when the voltage across the first diode D reaches the forward voltage of the _1, the first diode D ₁ is forward, the input inductance and the input capacitance C _in The combined output direct current V _DC formed by L _in charges the output capacitor C _out . When the input signal V _AC is converted from a forward current to a negative current, since the potential change of the input capacitance C _in lags the potential change of the input signal V _AC terminal, the potential of the input capacitance C _in is still at a high potential, and has not changed to a negative potential. , input capacitance C _in this case continues to input inductor L _in a short overcurrent, and thus the input inductor L _in the transient memory by the input capacitance C _in the release terminal but failed to transfer energy to the output capacitor C _out. Moreover, the partial energy stored _{in the} input inductor L _in will be returned to the input capacitor C _in after the potential across the input capacitor C _in changes to a negative potential (this process takes a short time). When the current of the output of the input signal V _AC is a reverse current, and the potential across the input capacitor C _in jumps from a positive potential to a negative potential, the input capacitor C _in reversely charges to continue storing the electrical energy. Similarly, when the input AC signal V _AC is converted from a negative current to a forward current, since the potential across the input capacitor C _in is still at a low potential and has not changed to a positive potential, the input capacitor C _in continues to the input inductor. L _in for a brief overcurrent, so that the input inductor L _in again briefly stores the energy released by the input capacitor C _in but not yet delivered to the output capacitor C _out in time, and the potential across the input capacitor C _in is negative Return to the input capacitor C _in when jumping to positive. Therefore, taking the input AC signal as a sinusoidal signal as an example, the input inductor L _in can save the energy output by the input capacitor C _in but not yet transmitted to the output capacitor C _out in one cycle, thereby reducing the input capacitance output. For power loss, more power is stored in the input capacitor C _in . In this way, the input capacitance C _in can deliver more power to the output capacitor C _out . Therefore, the rectifier circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention can reduce the power loss in the circuit and improve the conversion rate of the power.

According to the rectifier circuit provided by the present invention, since the rectifier circuit includes an input inductor and an input capacitor connected in series to each other, when the current direction of the input signal changes, since the potential direction change at both ends of the input capacitor lags behind the input signal, There is still current flowing through the input inductor of the input capacitor, so that the power that is transferred to the output capacitor in the future is saved to the input inductor. After the potential direction across the input capacitor changes, the input inductor returns the stored energy. To the input capacitor, compared with the prior art rectifier circuit, the energy loss is large, and the power conversion rate is lower, the invention can reduce the loss of the input AC energy, increase the energy stored in the input capacitor, and further increase the input capacitance. The DC power delivered to the output capacitor increases the power conversion rate.

It should be noted that, in the above rectifier circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention, when the power of the input signal is large, the rectification effect is better in practical applications. When the power of the input signal is small, the rectifier circuit of the present invention can be connected to the first input capacitor, the first input inductor and the first switch group at one end of the input signal, and can also be connected to the second at the other end of the input signal. The input capacitor, the second input inductor, and the second switch group are implemented. By adopting such a circuit structure in which two identical branches are respectively connected at both ends of the input signal, a better rectification effect can be achieved when the input power is small. Specifically, as a supplement to the above rectification circuit, the present embodiment provides The rectifier circuit further includes a second input capacitor, a second input inductor, and a second switch group, wherein:

The specific implementation manners of the second switch group and the first switch group are the same.

As shown in FIG. 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a rectifier circuit including two input capacitors, C _{in_a} and C _{in_b} , two input inductors L in _{— a} and L in — _b , a first switch group , and a second Switch group and output capacitor C _out . The first switch group includes a first diode D ₁ and a second diode D ₂ , and the second switch group includes a third diode D ₃ and a fourth diode D ₄ , and the first diode The anode of D ₁ is connected to the first end a _{1 of} the first switch group, the cathode of the first diode D ₁ is connected to the second end b _{1 of the} first switch group; the cathode of the second diode D ₂ Connected to the first end a _{1 of the} first switch group, the anode of the second diode D ₂ is connected to the third end of the first switch group, and similarly, the anode of the third diode D ₃ and the second a first terminal connected switch group, a second end connected to the third diode D b ₂ cathode ₃ and the second switch group; a first end of the fourth diode D ₄ and the cathode of the second switch group Connected, the anode of the fourth diode D ₄ is connected to the third end c _{2 of the} second switch group.

The circuit shown in FIG. 4 has the same operation principle as the circuit shown in FIG. 3, and details are not described herein again.

Furthermore, the first switch group and the second switch group described above may also be implemented by a MOS transistor. As shown in FIG. 5, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a rectifier circuit including two input capacitors, C _{in_a} and C _{in_b} , two input inductors L in _{— a} and L in — _b , a first switch group , and a second Switch group and output capacitor C _out . Specifically, the first switch group includes a first P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) field effect transistor P ₁ and a first N-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) field effect transistor N ₁ , the The second switch group includes a second P-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor P ₂ and a second N-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor N ₂ , wherein:

a gate of the first P-channel MOSFET P ₁ (G: gate electrode, G for short) and a gate of the first N-channel MOSFET N ₁ The first end a _{1 of} the first switch group is connected;

a source (English source electrode, S for short) of the first P-channel MOSFET P ₁ is connected to the second end b _{1 of} the first switch group;

a source S _{n1 of} the first N-channel MOSFET N ₁ is connected to a third end c _{1 of} the first switch group;

a drain of the first P-channel MOSFET and a drain of the first N-channel MOSFET N ₁ and The first end a _{2 of the} second switch group is connected;

a gate of the second P-channel MOSFET P _{2 and} a gate of the second N-channel MOSFET are both at a first end a of the second switch group ₂ connections;

a source of the second P-channel MOSFET P ₂ is connected to a second end b _{2 of} the second switch group;

a source of the second N-channel MOSFET N ₂ is connected to a third end c _{2 of} the second switch group;

a drain of the second P-channel MOSFET P _{2 and} a drain of the second N-channel MOSFET N ₂ and a first of the first switch group Terminal a _{1 is} connected.

Compared with FIG. 3, the circuit structure shown in FIG. 5 is applied to a circuit with a small input power to achieve a better rectification effect; compared with the circuit structure shown in FIG. 4, due to the device composition, The device in the circuit structure shown in FIG. 5 is composed of a MOS transistor, and the device occupies a smaller volume than the diode. In practical applications, the circuit structure provided in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 can be selected according to actual needs.

It should be noted that the diode in the embodiment of the present invention may be a Schottky diode implemented under the standard process of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS), or may be implemented under discrete devices. Schottky diodes, while the implementation of discrete devices is not limited to silicon, can be made of other materials such as III-V materials.

It should be noted that the structural schematic diagram of the above-mentioned rectifying circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a single-stage circuit. In practical applications, a single-stage form or a multi-stage cascading form may be adopted as needed. When cascaded in multiple stages, the output signal of the previous stage can be used as the input signal of the next stage.

Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware, and of course, by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation. . Based on the understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, which is essential or contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a readable storage medium, such as a floppy disk of a computer. A hard disk or optical disk, etc., includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.

The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not It is to be understood that those skilled in the art are susceptible to variations and substitutions within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

A rectifier circuit includes: a first input capacitor, a first switch group, and an output capacitor, wherein the first switch group is configured to control a direction in which the current is turned on such that an output current of the rectifier circuit is a direct current in a target direction, The rectifier circuit further includes a first input inductor, wherein:

One end of the first input capacitor is connected to one end of the first input inductor;

The other end of the first input capacitor is connected to one end of the input signal of the rectifier circuit, the other end of the first input inductor is connected to the first end of the first switch group, or the first input inductor The other end is connected to one end of the input signal of the rectifier circuit, and the other end of the first input capacitor is connected to the first end of the first switch group;

The second end of the first switch group is connected to one end of the output capacitor, the other end of the output capacitor is grounded, and the third end of the first switch group is grounded or connected to a bias voltage.
The rectifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier circuit further comprises a second input capacitor, a second input inductor, and a second switch group, wherein:

One end of the second input capacitor is connected to one end of the second input inductor;

The other end of the second input capacitor is connected to the other end of the input signal of the rectifier circuit, the other end of the second input inductor is connected to the first end of the second switch group, or the second input The other end of the inductor is connected to the other end of the input signal of the rectifier circuit, and the other end of the second input capacitor is connected to the first end of the second switch group;

The second end of the second switch group is connected to the output capacitor, and the third end of the second switch group is grounded or connected to a bias voltage.
The rectifier circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said first switch group comprises a first diode and a second diode, wherein:

An anode of the first diode is connected to a first end of the first switch group, and a cathode of the first diode is connected to a second end of the first switch group;

The cathode of the second diode is connected to the first end of the first switch group, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the third end of the first switch group.
The rectifier circuit according to claim 2, wherein said second switch group comprises a third diode and a fourth diode, wherein:

An anode of the third diode is connected to a first end of the second switch group, and a cathode of the third diode is connected to a second end of the second switch group;

The cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the first end of the second switch group, and the anode of the fourth diode is connected to the third end of the second switch group.
The rectifier circuit according to claim 2, wherein said first switch group comprises a first P-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a first N-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, said The second switch group includes a second P-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a second N-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, wherein:

a gate of the first P-channel MOSFET and a gate of the first N-channel MOSFET are connected to a first end of the first switch group;

a source of the first P-channel MOSFET is connected to a second end of the first switch group;

a source of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to a third end of the first switch group;

a drain of the first P-channel MOSFET and a drain of the first N-channel MOSFET are connected to a first end of the second switch group;

a gate of the second P-channel MOSFET and a gate of the second N-channel MOSFET are connected to a first end of the second switch group;

a source of the second P-channel MOSFET is connected to a second end of the second switch group;

a source of the second N-channel MOSFET is connected to a third end of the second switch group;

A drain of the second P-channel MOSFET and a drain of the second N-channel MOSFET are connected to a first end of the first switch group.