WO2016163917A1

WO2016163917A1 - Differential drive

Info

Publication number: WO2016163917A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000155
Authority: WO
Inventors: Игорь Александрович ДОЛМАТОВ
Original assignee: Игорь Александрович ДОЛМАТОВ
Priority date: 2015-04-10
Filing date: 2016-03-22
Publication date: 2016-10-13
Also published as: RU2600176C1

Abstract

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, and specifically to drives. The invention may be applied in all fields of industry requiring stepless changes to torque and to rotational speeds of output shafts. The technical result consists in creating a novel type of drive having the following performance characteristics: 1. Stepless change to rotational speed of an output shaft and to the torque thereof. 2. An operating range of the rotational frequency of an output shaft of between 0 and 8000 rotations per minute, or more. 3. Differential mechanism efficiency of 0.94 to 0.98. 4. Changing the direction of rotation of an output shaft without the use of additional steps of a gear transmission of the differential mechanism. A first variant of the differential drive (diagram 3D-1). The technical result is achieved in a differential drive, containing two internal combustion engines located in a single housing; a drive control system; a second housing; located therein, two pinions having external teeth which are meshed with one another; a central gear wheel with internal teeth and a central pinion with external teeth, which is positioned on an output shaft, and which are meshed with the external teeth of satellite gears which are axially installed on a carrier.

Description

DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely, to drives. The invention can find application in all industries where there is a need for continuously variable torques and rotational speeds of output shafts.

Drives with stepless speed control of the output shaft are known, which are installed on some modifications of cars, such as: Toyota RAF4 [Website of Toyota Motor LLC, www.toyota.ru], Nissan Qashgai [Website Autocentre Vostok-avto, www .woctok.ru], Mitsubishi ASX [Vostok-Avto Autocentre website, www.woctok.ru1.

Such drives contain:

- internal combustion engine;

- variator - an mechanism with external control that allows you to automatically steplessly change the gear ratio, choosing the most optimal according to the external load and engine speed, thereby making it possible to use its power as efficiently as possible. The most widespread are such types of variators as V-belt and toroidal variators;

- an intermediate mechanism transmitting torque and connecting the variator to the engine. The most widely used mechanisms are torque converters, centrifugal automatic couplings, electronically controlled electromagnetic clutches, electronically controlled multi-plate wet clutches;

- a mechanism for reversing the rotation of the output shaft.

The disadvantage of these drives is the design complexity, the transmission of limited torques and a limited control range (for single-speed variators D = 3 ... 6), the need for additional reverse transmission steps and intermediate mechanisms between the engine and the variator, which leads to a reduction in gearbox d. drive.

A differential drive is known, comprising a housing, two engines, two differential gears made by wave and interconnected gears. The hard wheel of one gear is connected to the housing, and the other to the output shaft [RF Patent 2064105]. The disadvantage of this drive is a stepwise change in the frequency of rotation of the output shaft, the transmission of limited torques and the inability to change the direction of rotation of the output shaft.

A differential drive is known, comprising two drive motors and one wave differential transmission. The wave transmission contains a wave generator, flexible and movable hard wheels and an output link [RF Patent 2153108].

The disadvantage of this drive is also a stepwise change in the frequency of rotation of the output shaft, the transmission of limited torques and the inability to change the direction of rotation of the output shaft.

Closest to the proposed invention is a cylinder-planetary gearbox driven by two engines [2, p. 310-311]. The drive contains a cylindrical gearbox with an integrated planetary gear and two drive motors. By turning on the engines one or two at a time, four speeds of rotation of the output shaft are obtained simultaneously.

The disadvantage of this drive is the stepwise change in the frequency of rotation of the output shaft with a limited range of gear ratios and the inability to change the direction of rotation of this shaft.

This mechanism is selected as a prototype.

The technical result for the group of inventions is the creation of a new type of drive having the following performance characteristics:

- stepless change in the speed of rotation of the output shaft and torque on it;

- the working range of the output shaft rotation frequency is 0 ... 8000 rpm and more;

- K.p.d. differential mechanism - 0.94 ... 0.98;

- changing the direction of rotation of the output shaft without the use of additional gear stages of the differential mechanism.

The invention is illustrated by the figures: in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the ZD-1 differential drive with a parallel arrangement of internal combustion engines; in FIG. 2 shows a differential drive schedule (ZD-

1) in all modes; in FIG. 3 shows a differential drive schedule

(ZD-1 scheme) in the conditions of various sub-modes of operational modes; figure 4 shows a graph of the differential drive (circuit ZD-1) in various sub-modes of operating conditions; figure 5 shows a graph of the differential drive (circuit ZD-1) in the conditions of various sub-modes of operating modes; figure 6 shows a graph of the differential drive (ZD-1 circuit) in conditions of various sub-modes of operational modes; Fig.7 shows a diagram of the ZD-9 differential drive with a parallel arrangement of internal combustion engines; on Fig shows a diagram of the ZD-3 differential drive with a parallel arrangement of internal combustion engines.

The first embodiment of a differential drive (circuit ZD-1).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a differential drive containing two internal combustion engines located in one housing, a drive control system, a second housing in which there are two gears with external teeth engaged in engagement with each other, a central wheel with internal teeth and a gear with external teeth, located on the output shaft, engaged with the external teeth of the satellites mounted by means of axles on a carrier connected to the first engine, characterized in that the central The fifth wheel with internal teeth through a gear with external teeth, which is in connection with it, engages with a gear with external teeth located on a parallel shaft of the second engine.

The design of the differential drive with two internal combustion engines located in a common housing and having a parallel arrangement of shafts is illustrated by the kinematic diagram ZD-1 shown in figure 1.

The diagram shows: 1 - driven central gear with external teeth, 2 - satellites, 3 - driving central wheel with internal teeth, 4 - first gear with external teeth, 5 - second gear with external teeth, 6 - second internal combustion engine, 7 - the first internal combustion engine, 8 - the output shaft of the drive, 9 - the drive carrier, 10 - the axis of the satellites, 11 - the housing of the differential mechanism, 12 - the coupling, 13 - the speed sensor gear 1, 14 - the speed sensor of the motor shaft 7, 15 - motor shaft speed sensor ator 6, 16 - electronic drive control unit 17 - tachometer, 18 - unit individual control motor 6, 19 - unit of the individual control motor 7.

A differential drive (ZD-1 circuit) with internal combustion engines consists of a differential mechanism kinematically connected with two drive engines 6 and 7, and individual control units 18 and 19 for the operation of these engines. The motors 6 and 7 are located in one housing connected to the housing of the differential mechanism 11. The drive shaft of the engine 6 is connected to gear 5, which engages with gear 4, located on the same geometric axis with the Central wheel with internal teeth 3 and connected to it. The drive shaft of the engine 7 is connected to the carrier 9, which, through the satellites 2, also engages with the central wheel 3 and the central gear 1. The central gear 1, in turn, is connected through the coupling 12 to the output shaft 8. Internal combustion engines can also be located on one geometric axis and mounted on the housing of the differential mechanism or located in a common housing.

Differential drive (circuit ZD-1) with internal combustion engines works as follows. The rotation of the shaft of the engine 7, with the speed set by the block 19, is perceived by the carrier 9, which, through the satellites 2, interacting with the central wheel with the internal teeth 3, causes the unidirectional rotation of the central gear with the external teeth 1. At the same time, the opposite direction rotation of the shaft of the engine 6, with the given block 18 speed, through gears with external teeth 5 and 4 and the central wheel with internal teeth 3 is perceived by satellites 2, which, interacting with the carrier 9, cause unidirectional rotation of the central 1 st gear converting the rotational torques and engine speeds of shafts 6 and 7 to the required values at the output shaft

8. Blocks 18 and 19 for individual control of engines 6 and 7 consist of a specific set of sensors and actuators acting on the working systems of the engine, and their own electronic control units, including one or more microprocessors. Differential drive control occurs in one of two ways. The first method allows you to adjust the speed of rotation of the output shaft 8, changing the speed of rotation of the shafts of the engines 6 and

7 of each separately, acting through the handles (pedals) of the accelerators on the position of the throttle valves and the operation of the other actuators.

In this case, the rotation speed of the output shaft is determined visually by the tachometer 17.

The second method allows you to adjust the speed of rotation of the output shaft 8 using the electronic control unit of the drive 16. The value of the speed of rotation of the output shaft 8 is determined and set by the electronic control unit of the drive 16 based on the deviation of the ratio of the actual rotation speeds of the shafts of the engines 6 and 7 detected by the speed sensors 14 and 15, from its predetermined value set by the operator (driver) by changing the position of the accelerator handle (pedal) and its actual value determined by the sensor h rotation frequency 13. The electronic control unit 16, processing according to the specified algorithms The information received from the output speed sensors and the drive shafts gives control signals to the individual control units 18 and 19 of the engines 6 and 7, which determine the speed of rotation of the shafts of these engines.

The operation of the differential drive (ZD-1 circuit) with internal combustion engines includes the following modes: starting, idle, neutral, low rotation, direct rotation, increased rotation, reverse rotation, stop. Starting, idle and stop modes are related to auxiliary modes. Modes of neutral, reduced rotation, forward rotation, increased rotation and reverse rotation relate to the operating modes of the drive.

The rotation speed of the output shaft 8 at time t at all operating modes of the drive is determined by the formula:

where: p, are the rotational speeds of the shafts of internal combustion engines 7 and 6 at time t;

Uf _g - gear ratio of a planetary gearbox made according to the 2K-N scheme with single-pinion satellites and a non-rotating epicycle [2, p. 226, scheme 1], which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and drove 9 :

U _j is the gear ratio of the planetary gearbox made according to the 2K-N scheme with single-pinion satellites and a non-rotating carrier [1, p. 239], which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, the axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and carrier 9:

i ₄₅ - gear ratio of the cylindrical gear, which form the gears

4 and 5:

Us = -. (3)

where: Z3, z \, T, Z ₅ - the number of teeth of the wheel 3, gear 1, 4 and 5, respectively.

The cylindrical stage of the drive, consisting of gears 4 and 5, is designed to fulfill the conditions of unidirectional rotation of the carrier 9 and wheel 3, which are kinematically connected with parallel engines 6 and 7. Therefore, signs of different directions of rotation of the shafts of engines 6 and 7 are not taken into account in further formulas. The equality of the number of teeth of gears 4 and 5 is also adopted Z4 = z ₅ , therefore, the gear ratio of the cylindrical step is 145 = 1 and is not considered in further formulas.

Figure 2 shows a graph of the change in the speed of rotation of the output shaft 8 depending on the speeds of rotation of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 in all operating modes of the differential drive. A prerequisite for the operation of the drive is the constancy of the directions of rotation of the shafts of the engines 6 and 7 in all operating modes. The upper part of the graph (above the neutral line) shows the operation of the differential drive when the direction of rotation of the output shaft 8 coincides with the direction of rotation of the shaft of the motor 7, and the rotation of the shaft of the motor 6 is oppositely directed. The lower part of the graph (below the neutral line) shows the differential drive in reverse mode, in which the direction of rotation of the output shaft 8 does not coincide with the direction of rotation of the motor shaft 7 and is unidirectional with the rotation of the motor shaft 6.

Starting mode: turning on the engines 6, 7 and removing the rotation of their shafts in the time interval to - ti (graph of figure 2) to idle speeds. In the starting mode, the clutch 12 is in the open state. The drive shaft 8 is disconnected from the gear 1 and does not rotate.

Idle mode: differential drive operation, in which drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 (times ti-ti and

the graph of figure 2) rotate at constant speeds, providing stable operation of the engines in idle mode. The graph of figure 2 shows that the rotational speeds of the shafts of the engines 6 and 7 are the same. Otherwise, they may be unequal. As in the starting mode, the gear 1 and the drive shaft 8 are disconnected by the clutch 12. The drive shaft 8 does not rotate.

b Neutral mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 does not rotate (time intervals 1z-t4, tig-tig, time t _{15 the} graph of figure 2) and the condition is fulfilled: the ratio of the speeds of rotation of the shafts 6 and 7 is equal to the gear ratio of the planetary gear, which in the above period of time form a non-rotating gear 1, satellites 2, the axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and the carrier 9:

where: Ufg is the gear ratio of the planetary gearbox, made according to scheme 2 - Н with single-pinion satellites and a non-rotating central gear with external teeth, which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, the axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and carrier 9:

z3

At time t _{3, the} non-rotating gear 1 through the clutch 12 is connected to the output shaft 8. In the time interval tr-ts (graph of FIG. 2), the rotational speeds of the shafts 6 and 7, controlled by the drive control unit 16, are output at rotational speeds that satisfy the condition

At time t _{19, the} rotating gear 1 by means of the clutch 12 is disconnected from the output shaft 8. In the time interval ti9-t ₂ o (graph of FIG. 2), the speeds of the shafts 6 and 7, controlled by the drive control unit 16, are output at idle speed.

The neutral mode of operation of the differential drive, in which the driven shaft 8 does not rotate, can be obtained over the entire range of rotational speeds of the motor shaft 6, provided that the ratio of the rotational speeds of the drive shafts is equal to the gear ratio U ^.

Low rotation mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation that coincides with the direction of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 7 (upper part of the graph of figure 2), while the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with unequal speeds η ^ι ₆ p * ₇ , and their ratio is in the following range of values: 1 <<UJ 3.9- n ₇

The operation of the differential drive in the mode of reduced rotation includes the following sub-modes: acceleration, rotation at a constant speed, deceleration.

Submode - acceleration: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 rotates with positive acceleration, and the following conditions are met:

1. The drive shaft of engine 7 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of engine 6 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with positive acceleration (time span —ts graph in FIG. 2), rotates at a constant speed (time interval t4-t ₅ graph figz), rotates with negative acceleration (time interval t4-t ₅ graph of figure 4).

2. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with negative acceleration (time interval t4-t ₅ graph of figure 5), rotates at a constant speed (time interval t4-t _{5 is a} graph of FIG. 6).

Submode - rotation at a constant speed: the operation of a differential drive, in which the rotation speed of the output shaft 8 is a constant value

and the following conditions are true:

1. The speeds of rotation of the drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 are constant values

nS ^~ const (time interval t ₅ is a graph of figure 2).

2. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 are variable values, which are in the following relationship:

n ₇ =

39 and 19, and the following conditions are met:

2.1. The drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with positive accelerations (time span ι ₅ -ί £ graph of figure 4);

2.2. The drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with negative accelerations (time interval 15-1 _b graph of FIG. 3).

Submode - deceleration: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 rotates with negative acceleration, and the following conditions are met: 1. The drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 6 is in one of the speed modes: rotates at a constant speed (time interval t6-t ₇ graph of FIG. 6), rotates with negative acceleration (time interval the graph of FIG. 2) rotates with a positive acceleration (time segment 1 _b -x ₇ graph 4).

2. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates at a constant speed (time interval t ₆ -t ₇ graph of FIG. 3).

Direct rotation mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation that coincides with the direction of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 7 (upper part of the graph of figure 2), while the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 are constantly rotating at equal speeds n ' ₆ = p * _7, and their ratio at any time is 1:

On all graphs where the direct rotation mode is shown, the straight rotational speeds of the output shaft 8 and the shaft of the drive motor 7 coincide, connecting at points A and B, and the rotation speed of the shaft 6 is equal in value. The output of the differential drive to the direct rotation mode can be carried out from any sub-mode (acceleration, rotation at a constant speed, deceleration) of the reduced rotation mode, provided that equal rotation speeds of the drive shafts 6 and 7 should not take values lower than the rotation speeds when the differential drive in idle mode, i.e. on the graphs, the lines of the speeds of rotation of the shafts of the engines 6 and 7 should not intersect the lines of idle rotation.

The operation of the differential drive in direct rotation includes the following sub-modes: acceleration, rotation at a constant speed, deceleration.

Submode - acceleration: the operation of the differential drive, in which all the shafts 8, 6 and 7 rotate with equal positive accelerations (time interval tg - tg graph of figure 2). The operating range of speeds of rotation of the output shaft 8 is in the range of values:

n6hv < ⁿ 8 < ⁿ 6max » where: n _6xB is the speed of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 6 in idle mode;

Pbtah - maximum rotation speed of the drive shaft of the engine 6.

The time interval t ₇ -t _{8 of the} graph (figure 2) is the operation of the differential drive in the mode of reduced rotation (sub-mode - acceleration), in which the rotation speeds of all the shafts are output in direct rotation mode, where they take equal values at time tg.

Sub-mode - rotation at a constant speed: the differential drive, in which the rotational speeds of all the shafts are equal and constant values n ^t 8 = n ^t ₆ ^: = n ^t ₇ ⁼ const (time interval tg-tio graph of figure 2).

Sub-mode - deceleration: the operation of the differential drive, in which all the shafts 8, 6 and 7 rotate with equal negative accelerations (time interval t ₁₃ - ti4 graph of figure 2).

Increased rotation mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation that coincides with the direction of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 7 (top of the graph of figure 2), while the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with unequal speeds η ^ι ₆ f p ' _7, and their ratio takes values less than 1:

The operation of the differential drive in the increased rotation mode includes the following sub-modes: acceleration, rotation at a constant speed, deceleration.

1. The drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 6 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with positive acceleration (time interval tio-tn graph of figure 2), rotates at a constant speed (time interval tg-t ₉ graph of FIG. 3), rotates with negative acceleration (time interval ts-t graph of FIG. 4).

2. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with negative acceleration (time interval tg-t graph of Fig.6), rotates at a constant speed (time interval t ₈ -t _{9 is a} graph of FIG. 5). Submode - rotation with constant speed: the operation of the differential drive, in which the rotation speed of the output shaft 8 is a constant n ^ const, and the following conditions are met:

1. The speeds of rotation of the drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 are constant values (time interval tn - ti2 graph of figure 2).

2. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 are variable values, which are in the following dependence, determined by the formula (4), and the following conditions are met:

2.1. The drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with positive accelerations (time interval tsr-tio graph of FIG. 3);

2.2. The drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with negative accelerations (time interval 19-1 graph of figure 4).

Submode - deceleration: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 rotates with negative acceleration, and the following conditions are met:

1. The drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 6 is in one of the speed modes: rotates at a constant speed (time interval ti2-ti3 graph of figure 2), rotates with negative acceleration (time interval t9— tio graph 5) rotates with positive acceleration (time interval tio-tn graph of FIG. 4).

2. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates at a constant speed (time interval t ₁₀ -ti ι graph of FIG. 3).

Reverse rotation mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation that coincides with the direction of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 6 (bottom of the graph of figure 2), while the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with unequal speeds η p _7; and their ratio at any time takes values greater than the number U ^:

-> II ¹

and ₇

The operation of the differential drive in reverse rotation mode includes the following sub-modes: acceleration, rotation at a constant speed, deceleration. Submode - acceleration: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 rotates with positive acceleration, and the following conditions are met:

1. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with positive acceleration (time interval t ₁₅ -t ₁₆ graph of figure 2), rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration .

2. The drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 6 is in one of the speed modes: rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration.

and the following conditions are true:

1. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 are constant values nV = const,

(time interval ti6-ti ₇ graph of figure 2).

2. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 are variable values, which are in a dependence determined by the formula (4), and the following conditions are met:

2.1. Drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate with positive accelerations;

2.2. The drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate with negative accelerations. Submode - deceleration: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 rotates with negative acceleration, and the following conditions are met:

1. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 is in one of the speed modes: rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration (time interval 117-tig graph of figure 2), rotates with positive acceleration.

2. The drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates at a constant speed.

Stop mode: turning off the engines 6, 7 and removing the rotation of their shafts in the time interval t ₂ it ₂₂ (graph of figure 2) to a complete stop. In stop mode, clutch 12 is in a disconnected state. The drive shaft 8 is disconnected from the gear 1 and does not rotate. The torque on the output shaft 8 of the differential drive (ZD-1 circuit) with internal combustion engines at time t at all operating conditions of the drive is determined by the formula:

where: m is the torque on the drive shaft of the internal combustion engine 6 at time t taking into account the efficiency engine;

M ₇ - torque on the drive shaft of the internal combustion engine 7 at time t taking into account the efficiency engine;

U \ - gear ratio of the drive at time t:

η - efficiency drive: h = 4 ^ 2. where: χ \ ι - efficiency planetary gear, made according to scheme 2-H [2, p. 226, scheme 1], which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and carrier 9:

g ₂ - to-p.p. the cylindrical step, which is formed by gears 4 and 5: η ₂ = 1 - ψ, where: ψ is the loss coefficient of a simple transmission equal to 0.015 ... 0.04.

Thus, by means of a differential mechanism containing a central wheel and gear selected in a certain way, satellites and gears, transforming variable torques and controlled rotation speeds of the shafts of the internal combustion engine, A differential drive of a new type is obtained having the following characteristics:

1. Stepless change in the speed of rotation of the output shaft and torque on it.

2. The working range of the output shaft rotation frequency is 0 ... 8000 rpm and more.

3. Kpd differential mechanism 0.94 ... 0.98.

4. Changing the direction of rotation of the output shaft without the use of additional gear stages of the differential mechanism.

The second embodiment of a differential drive (circuit ZD-9).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a differential drive containing two internal combustion engines located in one housing, a drive control system, a second housing in which there are two gears with external teeth engaged in engagement with each other, a central wheel with internal teeth and a gear with external teeth, located on the drive shaft of the first engine, engaged with the external teeth of the satellites mounted by means of axles on a carrier connected to the output shaft, characterized by m, that the central wheel with inner teeth via a gear with external toothing, which is in connection with it, is engaged with another gear wheel with external teeth, arranged on a second shaft located parallel to the motor.

The design of the differential drive with two internal combustion engines located in a common housing and having a parallel arrangement of shafts is illustrated by the kinematic diagram ZD-9 shown in Fig.7.

The diagram indicates: 1 - the leading Central gear with external teeth, 2 satellites. 3 - leading central wheel with internal teeth, 4 - first gear with external teeth, 5 - second gear with external teeth, 8 - output drive shaft, 9 - driven carrier, 10 - satellite axis, 11 - differential gear housing, 12 - connecting clutch, 13 - carrier speed sensor 9, 14 - engine shaft speed sensor 7, 15 - engine shaft speed sensor 6, 16 - electronic drive control unit, 17 - tachometer, 18 - individual engine control unit 6, 19 - block individual engine control 7. A differential drive (ZD-9 circuit) with internal combustion engines consists of a differential mechanism kinematically connected with two drive motors 6 and 7, and individual control units 18 and 19 of these engines. The motors 6 and 7 are located in one housing connected to the housing of the differential mechanism 11. The drive shaft of the engine 6 is connected to the gear 5, which is engaged with the gear 4, located on the same geometric axis with the Central wheel with internal teeth 3 and connected to it. The drive shaft of the engine 7 is connected to the central gear 1, which, through the satellites 2, also engages with the central wheel 3 and interacts with the carrier 9. The carrier 9, in turn, is connected through the coupling 12 to the output shaft 8. Internal combustion engines can also be located on one geometric axis, mounted on the housing of the differential mechanism, or located in a common housing. In this case, the technical result remains unchanged.

Differential drive (circuit ZD-9) works as follows. The rotation of the shaft of the engine 7, with the speed set by the block 19, is perceived by the gear 1, which through the satellites 2, interacting with the central wheel with the internal teeth 3, causes the directional rotation of the carrier 9. At the same time, the unidirectional rotation of the shaft of the engine 6, with the speed set by the block 18, through the gears with external teeth 5 and 4 causes an opposite directional rotation of the central wheel with internal teeth 3. The rotation of the central wheel 3 is perceived by the satellites 2, which, interacting with the gear 1, cause Amended rotation of carrier 9, converting the rotation speeds and torques of the shafts of the engines 6 and 7 to the required values on the output shaft 8. The direction of rotation of the output shaft 8 depends on the ratio of the rotational speeds of the shafts of the engines 6 and 7. The differential drive is controlled in one of two ways, shown vppe in the description of the operation of the differential drive circuit ZD-1.

The differential drive operation (ZD-9 circuit) with internal combustion engines includes the following modes: starting, idle, neutral, low rotation, reverse rotation, stop. Starting, idle and stop modes are related to auxiliary modes. Modes of neutral, low rotation and reverse rotation relate to the operating modes of the drive.

The rotation speed of the output shaft 8 at time t at all operating modes of the drive is determined by the formula: Where:

s of engines 6 and 7 at time t, respectively;

U _i g is the gear ratio of the planetary gearbox made according to the 2K-N scheme with single-pinion satellites and a non-rotating epicycle [2, p. 226, scheme 1], which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and the carrier 9, which is determined by the formula (1);

Uf _j is the gear ratio of the planetary gearbox made according to the 2K-N scheme with single-pinion satellites and a non-rotating carrier [1, p. 239], which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, the axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and the carrier 9, which is determined according to the formula (2);

where: i ₄₅ - gear ratio of the cylindrical gear, which form

gears 4 and 5, which is determined by the formula (3);

where: z ₃ , z _1; Z4, z — the number of teeth of the wheel 3, gear 1, 4 and 5, respectively.

The cylindrical stage of the drive, consisting of gears 4 and 5, is designed to fulfill the conditions of multidirectional rotations of gear 1 and wheel 3, which are kinematically connected with parallel shafts of engines 6 and 7. Therefore, the equality of the number of teeth of gears 4 and 5 Z4 = zs, from where the gear the number of the cylindrical step becomes equal to 1 5 = 1 and is not considered in further formulas. A prerequisite for the operation of the drive is the constancy of the directions of rotation of the shafts of the engines 6 and 7 in all operating modes.

Starting mode: turning on the engines 6, 7 and removing the rotation of their shafts to idle speeds. In the starting mode, the clutch 12 is in the open state. The drive shaft 8 is disconnected from the carrier 9 and does not rotate.

Idle mode: differential drive operation in which the drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate at constant speeds, ensuring stable operation of the engines in idle mode. As in the starting mode, the carrier 9 and the drive shaft 8 are disconnected by the clutch 12. The drive shaft 8 does not rotate.

Neutral mode: differential drive operation, in which the output shaft 8 does not rotate and the condition is satisfied: the ratio of the rotational speeds of the shafts 6 and 7 is constantly equal to the reciprocal of the planetary gear ratio with non-rotating carrier 9, which in the above time period is also formed by gear 1, satellites 2, axis of satellites 10 and the central wheel 3:

The drive shaft 8 and the carrier 9 are connected by a clutch 12 and do not rotate.

The neutral mode of operation of the differential drive, in which the driven shaft 8 does not rotate, can be obtained over the entire range of shaft speeds of the motor 7, provided that the ratios of the speeds of rotation of the drive shafts are equal to the reciprocal of the gear ratio ufj.

Low rotation mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation that does not coincide with the directions of rotation of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7, and their ratio of rotation speeds is in the following range of values:

one "

39.

^U 31 "7

1. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with positive acceleration, rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration.

2. The drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate with negative accelerations.

3. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates at a constant speed, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with negative acceleration.

Sub-mode - rotation with constant speed: the operation of the differential drive, in which the rotation speed of the output shaft 8 is a constant n's ^ onst, and the following conditions are true:

1. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 are constant values n ^l ₆ = const, n ^l ₇ = const. 2. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 are variable values, which are in the following relationship: n ₇ = U _{3 6} + and? ₉ p ¹ ₈ , (7) and the following conditions are satisfied:

2.1. Drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate with positive accelerations;

1. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with positive acceleration, rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration.

2. The drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate with positive accelerations.

3. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates at a constant speed, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with positive acceleration.

Reverse rotation mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation that coincides with the directions of rotation of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 and their ratio is in the following range of values:

The operation of the differential drive in reverse rotation mode includes the following sub-modes: acceleration, rotation at a constant speed, deceleration.

1. The drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 6 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with positive acceleration, rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration. 2. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 is in one of the speed modes: rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration.

Submode - rotation with constant speed: the operation of the differential drive, in which the speed of rotation of the output shaft 8 is a constant n ^l ₈ = const, and the following conditions are true:

1. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 are constant values n ₆ = const, nV = const.

2. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 are variable values, which are in the following dependence, determined by the formula (7), and the following conditions are met:

2.1. Drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate with positive accelerations;

1. The drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 6 is in one of the speed modes: rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration, rotates with positive acceleration.

2. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with positive acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates at a constant speed.

Stop mode: turn off the engines 6, 7 and output the rotations of their shafts in a given period of time until a complete stop. In stop mode, clutch 12 is in a disconnected state. The drive shaft 8 is disconnected from the carrier 9 and has no rotation.

The torque on the output shaft 8 of the differential drive (circuit ZD-9) at time t at all operating modes of the drive is determined by the formula:

Μ ^ι ₈ = (Μ ^ι ₆ + Μ ₇ ) υ | η, where: Mg is the torque on the drive shaft of the engine 6 at time t taking into account the efficiency engine;

M ₇ - torque on the drive shaft of the engine 7 at time t taking into account the efficiency engine;

Ug is the gear ratio of the drive at time t:

^P 7 ^U 31 ^l 45 ⁿ 6 η - efficiency drive:

L = W where: ηι - efficiency planetary gear, made according to the scheme 2K-N [2, p. 226, scheme 1], which is formed by the central gear 1, the satellites 2, the axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and drove 9:

t \ 2 - efficiency cylindrical step, which is formed by gears 4 and 5: η ₂ = 1 - Ψ, where: ψ is the loss coefficient of a simple transmission, equal to 0.015 ... 0.04.

Thus, by means of a differential mechanism containing a central wheel and gear selected in a certain way, satellites and gears, transforming variable torques and controlled rotation speeds of the shafts of internal combustion engine drives, a new type of differential drive is obtained having the following characteristics:

3. Kpd differential mechanism 0.94 ... 0.98. 4. Changing the direction of rotation of the output shaft without the use of additional gear stages of the differential mechanism.

The third embodiment of a differential drive (circuit ZD-3).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a differential drive containing two internal combustion engines located in one housing, a drive control system, a second housing in which two gears with external teeth are placed, engaged with each other, a central wheel with internal teeth connected with an output shaft and a gear with external teeth located on the shaft of the first engine, engaging with the external teeth of the satellites mounted by means of axles on the carrier, characterized in that App end via a gear with external toothing, which is in connection with it, is engaged with another gear wheel with external teeth, arranged on a second shaft located parallel to the motor.

The design of the differential drive with two internal combustion engines located in a common housing and having a parallel arrangement of shafts, is illustrated by the kinematic diagram ZD-3 shown in Fig. 8.

The diagram shows: 1 - the leading central gear with external teeth, 2 - satellites, 3 - the driven central wheel with internal teeth, 4 - the first gear with external teeth, 5 - the second gear with external teeth, 8 - output drive shaft, 9 - leading carrier, 10 — satellite axis, 11 — differential gear housing, 12 — coupling, 13 — gear speed sensor 1, 14 — engine shaft speed sensor 7, 15 — engine shaft speed sensor 6, 16 — electronic control unit drive, 17 - tachometer, 18 - individual unit engine control 6, 19 - individual engine control unit 7.

A differential drive (ZD-3 circuit) with internal combustion engines consists of a differential mechanism kinematically connected with two drive engines 6 and 7, and individual control units 18 and 19 of these engines. The motors 6 and 7 are located in one housing connected to the housing of the differential mechanism 11. The drive shaft of the engine 6 is connected to the gear 5, which is engaged with the gear 4 located on the same geometric axis with the carrier 9 and connected to it. The drive shaft of the engine 7 is connected to the central gear 1, which through the satellites 2, interacting with the carrier 9, engages with the central wheel 3. The central wheel 3, in in turn, through the clutch 12 is connected to the output shaft 8. The motors can also be located on the same geometric axis, mounted on the housing of the differential mechanism, or in a common housing. In this case, the technical result remains unchanged.

Differential drive (circuit ZD-3) with internal combustion engines works as follows. The rotation of the shaft of the engine 7, with the speed set by the block 19, is perceived by the gear 1, which through the satellites 2, interacting with the carrier 9, causes the directional rotation of the central wheel with internal teeth 3. At the same time, the opposite directional rotation of the shaft of the engine 6, with the speed set by the block 18, through gears with external teeth 5 and 4 causes unidirectional rotation of carrier 9. Rotation of carrier 9 is perceived by satellites 2, which, interacting with gear 1, cause unidirectional rotation of central wheel 3, etc. forming a rotation and torque shafts 6 and 7 to the required speed values on the output shaft 8. The differential drive is controlled by one of two methods shown above in the description of operation of a differential actuator 1 HT-circuit.

The operation of the differential drive (ZD-3 circuit) with internal combustion engines includes the following modes: starting, idle, neutral, low rotation, direct rotation, increased rotation, reverse rotation, stop. Starting, idle and stop modes are related to auxiliary modes. Modes of neutral, reduced rotation, forward rotation, increased rotation and reverse rotation relate to the operating modes of the drive.

where: p, Pu are the rotational speeds of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 at time t;

U19 — the gear ratio of a planetary gearbox made according to the 2-H scheme with single-pinion satellites and a non-rotating epicycle, which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and carrier 9, is determined by the formula (1); - the gear ratio of the planetary gear, made according to the 2-H scheme with single-pinion satellites and a non-rotating carrier [1, p. 239], which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel

3 and carrier 9, is determined by the formula (2);

i ₄₅ - gear ratio of the cylindrical gear, which form the gears

4 and 5, is determined by the formula (3);

where: z ₃ , ζ \, Z4, Ζ ₅ - the number of teeth of the wheel 3, gear 1, 4 and 5, respectively.

The cylindrical stage of the drive, consisting of gears 4 and 5, is designed to fulfill the conditions of unidirectional rotation of the carrier 9 and gear 1, which are kinematically connected with parallel engines 6 and 7. Therefore, signs of different directions of rotation of the shafts of these engines are not taken into account in further formulas. Also, the equality of the number of gear teeth is 4.5 Ζ4 = ζ ₅ , whence the gear ratio of the cylindrical gear becomes 145 = 1 and is not considered in further formulas. A prerequisite for the operation of the drive is the constancy of the directions of rotation of the shafts of engines 6 and 7 in all operating modes.

Starting mode: turning on the engines 6, 7 and removing the rotation of their shafts to idle speeds. In the starting mode, the clutch 12 is in the open state. The drive shaft 8 is disconnected from the central wheel 3 and does not rotate.

Idle mode: differential drive operation in which the drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate at constant speeds, ensuring stable operation of the engines in idle mode. As in the starting mode, the central wheel 3 and the drive shaft 8 are disconnected by the clutch 12. The drive shaft 8 does not rotate.

The neutral mode is the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 does not rotate and the condition is satisfied: the ratio of the rotational speeds of the shafts of the engines 6 and 7 is constantly equal to the reciprocal of the planetary gear ratio with the non-rotating central wheel 3, which gear 1 also forms in the above period of time, satellites 2, axis of satellites 10 and carrier 9:

The drive shaft 8 and the Central wheel 3 are connected by a clutch 12 and do not rotate. The neutral mode of operation of the differential drive, in which the driven shaft 8 does not rotate, can be obtained over the entire range of shaft speeds of the motor 7, provided that the ratios of the speeds of rotation of the drive shafts are equal to the reciprocal of the gear ratio Uf ₉ .

Low rotation mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation coinciding with the direction of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 7, while the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with unequal speeds η ' ₆ Ф п' ₇ , and their ratio is in following range of values:

2. The drive shaft of the engine 7 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 6 is in one of the speed modes: rotates with negative acceleration, rotates at a constant speed.

and the following conditions are true:

and the following conditions are true: 2.1. Drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate with positive accelerations;

1. The drive shaft of the engine 6 rotates with negative acceleration, and the drive shaft of the engine 7 is in one of the speed modes: rotates at a constant speed, rotates with negative acceleration, rotates with positive acceleration.

Direct rotation mode: the operation of the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation that coincides with the direction of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 7, while the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 constantly rotate with equal speeds η _$ = n * _7, and their ratio in any point in time is 1.

The output of the differential drive to the direct rotation mode can be carried out from any submode (acceleration, rotation at a constant speed, deceleration) of the reduced rotation mode.

Submode - acceleration: the operation of a differential drive, in which all the shafts 8, 6 and 7 rotate with equal positive accelerations.

The submode is rotation at a constant speed: the operation of a differential drive, in which the rotational speeds of all the shafts are equal and constant, n ^t g ⁼ = n ^t 6 = n ^t 7 ^{= i} const.

Submode - Slowdown: differential drive operation in which all shafts 8, 6 and 7 rotate with equal negative accelerations.

The operating range of the output shaft 8 rotation speeds in the sub-modes is acceleration, rotation with a constant speed and deceleration is in the range of values: p7hv < ^p 8 < ⁿ 7max " where: n _7hv - rotation speed of the drive shaft of the engine 7 in idle rotation;

n ₇ max - maximum speed of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 7. Mode of increased rotation: the differential drive, in which the output shaft 8 receives a rotation that matches the direction of rotation of the drive shaft of the engine 7, while the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 rotate with unequal speeds η ₆ f p '_7; and their ratio at any time takes values greater than 1:

Submode - rotation with constant speed: the operation of the differential drive, in which the speed of rotation of the output shaft 8 is a constant n ' ₈ = const, and the following conditions are true:

2. The rotation speeds of the drive shafts of the engines 6 and 7 are variable values, which are in the following dependence, determined by the formula (8), and the following conditions are met:

2.1. Drive shafts of engines 6 and 7 rotate with positive accelerations;

Stop mode: turn off the engines 6, 7 and output the rotations of their shafts in a given period of time until a complete stop. In stop mode, clutch 12 is in a disconnected state. The drive shaft 8 is disconnected from the central wheel 3 and does not rotate.

The torque on the output shaft 8 of the differential drive (ZD-3 circuit) at time t at all operating modes of the drive is determined by the formula: m ¹ ₈ = (m ⁴ ₆ + m ₇ ) and | _l , where: - torque on the drive shaft of the engine 6 at time t taking into account the efficiency engine;

U3 - gear ratio of the drive at time t:

η - efficiency drive:

η _χ η ₂ where: τ | ι— efficiency planetary gear, made according to the scheme 2K-N, which is formed by the central gear 1, satellites 2, axis of the satellites 10, the central wheel 3 and carrier 9: = i - Ψ τ + ζ ₃ η ₂ - efficiency cylindrical step, which form gears 4 and 5:

L ₂ = ¹ - Ψ 'where: ψ - loss coefficient of simple transmission, equal to 0.015 ... 0.04.

2. The operating range of the output shaft rotation frequency is 0 ... 8000 rpm or more.

3. The efficiency of the differential mechanism is 0.94 ... 0.98.

Information sources

1. Guzenkov P.G. Machine parts. Textbook for high schools. M. "Higher. School ", 1975. - 464 p. with silt.

2. Anfimov M.I. Gearboxes. Designs and calculation: Album. - 4th ed., Revised. and add. - M: Engineering, 1993.- 464s: silt.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A differential drive comprising two internal combustion engines located in one housing, a drive control system, a second housing in which there are two gears with external teeth engaged in engagement with each other, a central wheel with internal teeth and a gear with external teeth, located on the output shaft, meshing with the outer teeth of the satellites mounted by means of axles on a carrier connected to the first engine, characterized in that the central wheel with internal teeth through the gear ernyu with external toothing, which is in connection with it, engages a pinion with external toothing, arranged on a second shaft located parallel to the motor.

2. A differential drive comprising two internal combustion engines located in one housing, a drive control system, a second housing in which two gears with external teeth are engaged, engaged with each other, a central wheel with internal teeth and a gear with external teeth, located on the drive shaft of the first engine, engaged with the outer teeth of the satellites mounted by means of axles on a carrier connected to the output shaft, characterized in that the central wheel with internal Byam via a gear with external toothing, which is in connection with it, is engaged with another gear wheel with external teeth, arranged on a second shaft located parallel to the motor.

3. A differential drive comprising two internal combustion engines located in one housing, a drive control system, a second housing in which there are two gears with external teeth engaged in engagement with each other, a central wheel with internal teeth connected to the output shaft, and gear with external teeth located on the shaft of the first engine, engaging with the external teeth of the satellites mounted by means of axles on the carrier, characterized in that it drove through the gear with external teeth, on odyaschuyusya in conjunction with them, engages with another gear wheel with external teeth, arranged on a second shaft located parallel to the motor.

29th

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)