WO2016162896A1 - Method for the continuous desalinization and device for the implementation of said method - Google Patents

Method for the continuous desalinization and device for the implementation of said method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016162896A1
WO2016162896A1 PCT/IT2016/000090 IT2016000090W WO2016162896A1 WO 2016162896 A1 WO2016162896 A1 WO 2016162896A1 IT 2016000090 W IT2016000090 W IT 2016000090W WO 2016162896 A1 WO2016162896 A1 WO 2016162896A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
desalinize
fitted
steam
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2016/000090
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Vito Lavanga
Stefano FARNE'
Original Assignee
Vito Lavanga
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2016162896A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016162896A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0015—Plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • This invention refers to a method, and to a device for implementing the said method, to desalinize sea water, brackish water or from industrial processes, in a continuous and self supported mode.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable to use renewable energy sources, by means of solar energy and geothermal energy.
  • the object of the this invention is to propose a method and a device for the implementation of the said method for the desalting in accordance with, respectively, claims 1 and 2, using renewable sources (thermal and electric solar, geothermal, photovoltaic or wind) and in regimes of moderate temperatures, taking into high consideration the management and handling of the concerned energy quantities, inside an essentially adiabatic system, with the possibility to compensate the phase shifts between the energy needs and the natural availability, in giving or in having, at particular time, by resorting to the sun or subsoil or wind, depending on the necessity.
  • renewable sources thermo and electric solar, geothermal, photovoltaic or wind
  • the method is of the type which expects to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinate, the subsequent condensation of the steam and the collection of the condensed water, characterized by:
  • the device is of the type that includes a tank for the containment of the water to desalinize, in which there are heating means fitted to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinize, cooling means fitted to favour the subsequent condensation of the steam and means fitted to the collection of the condensed water, characterized in that:
  • said tank fitted to contain said water to desalinize, is filled up to a certain level, so as to present a free surface of the water;
  • said heating means fitted to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinate, include a first heat exchanger, immersed in the water to desalinate and positioned in the nearness of said free surface;
  • said cooling means fitted to cause the condensation of the steam, are in heat exchange connection with the heating means, immersed in said water to desalinate, said heat exchange simultaneously causing:
  • they are provided two heat exchangers arranged vertically, at both outer sides of the upper half of the liquid phase; they will be able to support the standstill processes, if any, or next to regimes of uniform entropy in the space bounded by the main tank, locally lowering the temperature of the surrounding water which, due to the higher density, reintroduces the convective motions.
  • a device in compliance with the invention allows the production, at very low operating costs, of fresh water for multiple uses: plant engineering and food industry, agronomy, animal husbandry, and finally also for the human use.
  • the use of a device in compliance with the invention also allows significant contributions in the remediation and purification actions of water bodies from industrial processes that weigh on the rural and urban territories, where the human action has reached critical levels that natural processes cannot face.
  • figure 1 is a perspective view of the device according to the invention.
  • figure 2 is a view in section, obtained by a transverse plane, of the device according to the invention.
  • Said device (A) includes a tank (1), preferably waterproof and thermally insulated, having the shape of a parallelepiped, filled in with water to desalinate for about two thirds of the volume.
  • the tank (1) can have a cylindrical or similar shape, with horizontal generators.
  • a first heat exchanger (3) for example consisting of a bundle of pipes run through by a heating heat transfer fluid fed, for example, by a thermal or geothermal or solar system (not represented ), said first heat exchanger (3) having the function to heat the water to produce steam.
  • the heat transfer fluid enters in the first exchanger (3) from the central side, as shown in fig. 2, and exits from the peripheral side, in order to carry more heat into the central parts with respect to the peripheral ones. This fact allows to trigger the convective motions, as indicated by circular arrows (F1) and (F2), respectively, in the gaseous and liquid phases, the purpose of which will be clarified below.
  • bars (4a, 4b) which extend over the entire length of the tank (1) itself, whose function will be explained below.
  • Said bars (4a, 4b) are positioned on a multiplicity of metal sheets (5) opened like a fan, both above (5a), and below (5b) of said bars (4a, 4b).
  • the sheets (5) are compact, while in the part opened like a fan, both above (5a) and under (5b), they are stretched with the dual purpose of exposing more specific surfaces and to allow the passage of fluids through them.
  • Said metal sheets opened like a fan (5a) upwards have the function of cooling means because they cause the steam cooling, causing the condensation.
  • said metal sheets opened like a fan (5b) towards the bottom have the function of heating means because they cause the heating of the underlying mass of water, in which they are immersed.
  • the stretched metal (5) As an alternative to the stretched metal (5), it can be used the metal thatch (not shown) which, in respect of a shorter duration, offers the advantage of having a greater specific surface area favoring, therefore, the condensation of the steam.
  • a second heat exchanger (6) is placed in the upper fan (5a) of the stretched sheets (5), while in the lower fan (5b) a third heat exchanger (7) is placed.
  • Both said second and third heat exchanger (6, 7) are, for example, constituted by tube bundles placed in contact with said stretched sheets (5).
  • Said second and third heat exchanger (6, 7) are connected by a first pipe (8), run through a heat transfer fluid, pushed by a pump (9).
  • the two bars (4a, 4b) are thermally insulating and the sheets (5), in the section between said two bars (4a, 4b) are treated so as to not allow water infiltrations, for example by the interposition of a sealant (10), as shown in the enlarged details of figures, said sealant (10) being preferably conductive, to enhance the passage of heat from the upper fan (5a) to the bottom (5b).
  • a sealant (10) being preferably conductive, to enhance the passage of heat from the upper fan (5a) to the bottom (5b).
  • the group comprising the sheets (5) and the bars (4a, 4b) constitutes a sort of "thermal tunnel" (5c), as it is able to transmit heat between the upper fan (5a) and the lower (5b ), without dispersing laterally, in that the bars themselves are thermally insulating.
  • the upper edges of the bars (4a, 4b) are inclined towards the central side so as to constitute a storage put in communication with the outside through a second pipe (12).
  • Said second outlet pipe (12) is in heat exchange connection, through a fourth exchanger (13), preferably in counterflow, fed by a third loading pipe (14) that feeds the tank (1) with water to desalinate and maintains a constant level (2) in the tank (1) itself, by means of a valve (15) controlled by a level relief device (16).
  • a fifth heat exchanger (17) disposed along the side walls, whose function is to subtract heat to the water. This fact allows to trigger convective motions, as indicated by the circular arrows (F2), the purpose of which will be clarified below.
  • the water to desalinate is heated by the first heat exchanger (3).
  • the fact of being placed in nearness of the free surface (2) fosters the water evaporation, therefore the upper part of the tank (1) is brought to the condition of the water vapour saturation.
  • the water temperature in the nearness of the free surface (2) may be approximately between 40 and 70 ° C, preferably highest in the central zone, conditioning the upper fan (5a) towards similar temperatures;
  • the water temperature into the depths may be approximately between 15 and 25 ° C, conditioning the lower fan (5b) towards similar temperatures; • the upper fan (5a) and the lower fan (5b), are so subjected to a thermal gradient through the thermal tunnel (5c), highly conductive, which allows a flow of heat which gets to reset the gradient;
  • said third and fourth heat exchanger (6) and (7) are provided, connected by said first pipe (8), which is run through by a heat transfer fluid, pushed by said pump (9).
  • the convective motions that take place into the water supports the water flow itself on the lower fan (5b), improving the heat exchange between water and the stretch metal sheets (5) and, therefore, the heat contribution towards the free surface (2). In this way it is establishes an aqueous counter-current flow stream with the upper gaseous flow, with the consequent increase of the evaporation rate.
  • the convective motions in the water can be increased by cooling the same water in proximity of the walls of the tank (1), by means of said fifth heat exchanger (17).
  • said fourth heat exchanger (13) which transfers the heat from said condensed water to the water to desalinate by entering, through said third pipe (14) .
  • the device according to the invention enables the recourse to contributions from both renewable and fossil energies (or especially produced by thermal waste of various origin), acting support the effectiveness and competitiveness with previous technologies, for example by using heat pumps, supporting forced and continuous regimes, the process becomes extremely economical and competitive.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

This invention refers to a method and a device for desalinating sea water, brackish water or from industrial processes. The device is suitable to use renewable energy sources such as solar or geothermal energy. The device is of the type that includes a tank (1) for the containment of the water to desalinate, in which there are heating means fitted to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinate, cooling means fitted to favour the subsequent condensation of the steam and means fitted to the collection of the condensed water and it is characterized in that: said tank (1), fitted to contain said water to desalinate, is filled up to a certain level (2); said heating means, for evaporating said water include a first heat exchanger (3), immersed in the water to desalinate and positioned nearby said level (2); said cooling means (5a), fitted to cause the condensation of the steam, are in heat exchange connection with the heating means (5b), immersed in said water to desalinate, said heat exchange simultaneously causing: a) the reduction of the temperature of said means (5a), therefore the suitable conditions for the condensation of the steam; b) the increase in temperature, into the depths, of said water to desalinate.

Description

METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS DESAL1NIZATION AND DEVICE FOR
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAID METHOD
DESCRIPTION
This invention refers to a method, and to a device for implementing the said method, to desalinize sea water, brackish water or from industrial processes, in a continuous and self supported mode. In particular, the device according to the invention is suitable to use renewable energy sources, by means of solar energy and geothermal energy.
The need of replacing fossil fuels in many areas of human activities is strongly felt, in particular for the primary resource "freshwater", that must be regenerated, where the natural availability is not present or it has been depleted; the technologies for the production of desalinated water, normally resort to electrical energy (reverse osmosis) or thermal (distillation from gas / oils combustion), since a long time even resorting to natural sources, but paying a little attention to energy management.
The object of the this invention is to propose a method and a device for the implementation of the said method for the desalting in accordance with, respectively, claims 1 and 2, using renewable sources (thermal and electric solar, geothermal, photovoltaic or wind) and in regimes of moderate temperatures, taking into high consideration the management and handling of the concerned energy quantities, inside an essentially adiabatic system, with the possibility to compensate the phase shifts between the energy needs and the natural availability, in giving or in having, at particular time, by resorting to the sun or subsoil or wind, depending on the necessity.
The method is of the type which expects to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinate, the subsequent condensation of the steam and the collection of the condensed water, characterized by:
• working in a closed tank in which the water to desalinate and the water vapour resulting from evaporation of said water are simultaneously present;
• heating said water to desalinate in the nearness of the surface of said
i water, so that said surface and said produced steam are at a higher temperature than the temperature present in the depth of the water to desalinate;
• causing the condensation of said steam and to collect the condensed water, said condensation taking place on cooling means, which are in heat exchange connection with the heating means, immersed in said water to desalinate, said heat exchange simultaneously causing:
a) the reduction of temperature of said cooling means, then the suitable conditions for the condensation of the steam;
b) the increase of temperature, in depth, of said water to desalinize.
The device is of the type that includes a tank for the containment of the water to desalinize, in which there are heating means fitted to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinize, cooling means fitted to favour the subsequent condensation of the steam and means fitted to the collection of the condensed water, characterized in that:
• said tank, fitted to contain said water to desalinize, is filled up to a certain level, so as to present a free surface of the water;
• said heating means, fitted to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinate, include a first heat exchanger, immersed in the water to desalinate and positioned in the nearness of said free surface;
• said cooling means, fitted to cause the condensation of the steam, are in heat exchange connection with the heating means, immersed in said water to desalinate, said heat exchange simultaneously causing:
a) the reduction of the temperature of said cooling means, therefore the suitable conditions for the condensation of the steam;
b) the increase in temperature, into the depths, of said water to desalinate;
• conveying means fitted to collect the condensed water on said cooling means.
According to a preferred embodiment, they are provided two heat exchangers arranged vertically, at both outer sides of the upper half of the liquid phase; they will be able to support the standstill processes, if any, or next to regimes of uniform entropy in the space bounded by the main tank, locally lowering the temperature of the surrounding water which, due to the higher density, reintroduces the convective motions.
The use of a device in compliance with the invention allows the production, at very low operating costs, of fresh water for multiple uses: plant engineering and food industry, agronomy, animal husbandry, and finally also for the human use.
The use of a device in compliance with the invention also allows significant contributions in the remediation and purification actions of water bodies from industrial processes that weigh on the rural and urban territories, where the human action has reached critical levels that natural processes cannot face.
The invention will now be described, for illustrative and not limitative purposes, according to a preferred embodiment and with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
• figure 1 is a perspective view of the device according to the invention;
• figure 2 is a view in section, obtained by a transverse plane, of the device according to the invention.
With reference to the attached figures, with (A) it is shown a device, according to the invention, to desalinate sea water, brackish water or from industrial processes. Said device (A) includes a tank (1), preferably waterproof and thermally insulated, having the shape of a parallelepiped, filled in with water to desalinate for about two thirds of the volume. In alternative, the tank (1) can have a cylindrical or similar shape, with horizontal generators.
Immediately below the free surface of the water (2) it is positioned a first heat exchanger (3), for example consisting of a bundle of pipes run through by a heating heat transfer fluid fed, for example, by a thermal or geothermal or solar system (not represented ), said first heat exchanger (3) having the function to heat the water to produce steam. According to a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer fluid enters in the first exchanger (3) from the central side, as shown in fig. 2, and exits from the peripheral side, in order to carry more heat into the central parts with respect to the peripheral ones. This fact allows to trigger the convective motions, as indicated by circular arrows (F1) and (F2), respectively, in the gaseous and liquid phases, the purpose of which will be clarified below.
At about the halfway point of the height of the tank (1), they are positioned two bars (4a, 4b) which extend over the entire length of the tank (1) itself, whose function will be explained below. Said bars (4a, 4b) are positioned on a multiplicity of metal sheets (5) opened like a fan, both above (5a), and below (5b) of said bars (4a, 4b). In the part between the bars (4a, 4b) the sheets (5) are compact, while in the part opened like a fan, both above (5a) and under (5b), they are stretched with the dual purpose of exposing more specific surfaces and to allow the passage of fluids through them.
Said metal sheets opened like a fan (5a) upwards have the function of cooling means because they cause the steam cooling, causing the condensation. Besides said metal sheets opened like a fan (5b) towards the bottom have the function of heating means because they cause the heating of the underlying mass of water, in which they are immersed.
As an alternative to the stretched metal (5), it can be used the metal thatch (not shown) which, in respect of a shorter duration, offers the advantage of having a greater specific surface area favoring, therefore, the condensation of the steam.
In the upper fan (5a) of the stretched sheets (5) a second heat exchanger (6) is placed, while in the lower fan (5b) a third heat exchanger (7) is placed. Both said second and third heat exchanger (6, 7) are, for example, constituted by tube bundles placed in contact with said stretched sheets (5). Said second and third heat exchanger (6, 7) are connected by a first pipe (8), run through a heat transfer fluid, pushed by a pump (9).
The two bars (4a, 4b) are thermally insulating and the sheets (5), in the section between said two bars (4a, 4b) are treated so as to not allow water infiltrations, for example by the interposition of a sealant (10), as shown in the enlarged details of figures, said sealant (10) being preferably conductive, to enhance the passage of heat from the upper fan (5a) to the bottom (5b). In fact the group comprising the sheets (5) and the bars (4a, 4b) constitutes a sort of "thermal tunnel" (5c), as it is able to transmit heat between the upper fan (5a) and the lower (5b ), without dispersing laterally, in that the bars themselves are thermally insulating.
The upper edges of the bars (4a, 4b) are inclined towards the central side so as to constitute a storage put in communication with the outside through a second pipe (12). Said second outlet pipe (12) is in heat exchange connection, through a fourth exchanger (13), preferably in counterflow, fed by a third loading pipe (14) that feeds the tank (1) with water to desalinate and maintains a constant level (2) in the tank (1) itself, by means of a valve (15) controlled by a level relief device (16).
According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided a fifth heat exchanger (17), disposed along the side walls, whose function is to subtract heat to the water. This fact allows to trigger convective motions, as indicated by the circular arrows (F2), the purpose of which will be clarified below.
The operation of the device according to the invention is as follows.
The water to desalinate is heated by the first heat exchanger (3). The fact of being placed in nearness of the free surface (2) fosters the water evaporation, therefore the upper part of the tank (1) is brought to the condition of the water vapour saturation. When fully operational, in the tank we find the following situation(l):
• the water temperature in the nearness of the free surface (2) may be approximately between 40 and 70 ° C, preferably highest in the central zone, conditioning the upper fan (5a) towards similar temperatures;
• the water temperature into the depths may be approximately between 15 and 25 ° C, conditioning the lower fan (5b) towards similar temperatures; • the upper fan (5a) and the lower fan (5b), are so subjected to a thermal gradient through the thermal tunnel (5c), highly conductive, which allows a flow of heat which gets to reset the gradient;
• the saturated steam, above the free surface, coming into contact with the upper fan (5a), at a lower temperature, condenses in the water and releases the latent heat, which goes to support high temperatures on the upper fan (5a), continuing to feed a flow of heat towards the lower fan (5b) through the thermal tunnel (5c);
• the condensed and desalinated water is collected in the reservoir (11) and is extracted through said second outlet pipe (12);
• with said third load pipe (14), the level of the free surface (2) is continuously maintained.
In order to increase the heat flow from the upper fan (5a) to the lower fan (5b), said third and fourth heat exchanger (6) and (7) are provided, connected by said first pipe (8), which is run through by a heat transfer fluid, pushed by said pump (9).
The convective motions that occur in the steam, indicated by the circular arrows (F1), foster the flow of the steam itself towards the upper fan (5a), improving the heat exchange between the steam and the stretched metal sheet (5) and, therefore, the condensation.
The convective motions that take place into the water, indicated by the circular arrows (F2), supports the water flow itself on the lower fan (5b), improving the heat exchange between water and the stretch metal sheets (5) and, therefore, the heat contribution towards the free surface (2). In this way it is establishes an aqueous counter-current flow stream with the upper gaseous flow, with the consequent increase of the evaporation rate. The convective motions in the water can be increased by cooling the same water in proximity of the walls of the tank (1), by means of said fifth heat exchanger (17).
For the purpose of the heat recovery from the condensed water effluent, which runs through said second pipe (12), it is provided said fourth heat exchanger (13) which transfers the heat from said condensed water to the water to desalinate by entering, through said third pipe (14) .
The described process is strongly fostered if the tank (1) is well thermally insulated, tending to adiabatic conditions, since it tends to a careful reuse of exploitable energies, organizing and supporting convective motions that make efficient desalting process, thanks to inertial dynamics , the action will also continue in the temporary absence of external support (for example in night-time hours).
As it appears clear from the foregoing description, the device according to the invention enables the recourse to contributions from both renewable and fossil energies (or especially produced by thermal waste of various origin), acting support the effectiveness and competitiveness with previous technologies, for example by using heat pumps, supporting forced and continuous regimes, the process becomes extremely economical and competitive.
The invention has been described, for illustrative and not limitative purposes, according to some preferred embodiments. The skilled in the art will be able to find several other embodiments, all falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

Method to desalinize sea water, brackish water or from industrial processes, in continuous or in alternative mode, of the type which provides to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinize and the subsequent condensation of the steam and condensed water collection, characterized in that:
• to operate in a closed tank (1) in which they are present the water to desalinize and the steam resulting from the evaporation of said water;
• to heat said water to desalinize in the nearness of the free surface (2) of said water, so that said free surface (2) and said produced steam are at a higher temperature than the temperature into the depths of the water to desalinize;
• to cause the condensation of said steam and to collect the condensed water, said condensation taking place on cooling means (5a), which are in heat exchange connection with the heating means (5b), immersed in said water to desalinize, said heat exchange simultaneously causing:
a) the reduction of temperature of said cooling means (5a), then the suitable conditions for the condensation of the steam;
b) the increase of temperature, into the depths, of said water to desalinize.
Device to desalinize sea water, brackish water or from industrial processes, in continuous or in alternative mode, of the type which provides for a containment tank (1) of the water to desalinize, in which there are heating means fitted to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinize, cooling means fitted to facilitate the subsequent condensation of the steam and means fitted to the condensed water collection, characterized in that:
• said tank (1), fitted to contain said water to desalinize, is filled up to a level (2); • said heating means, fitted to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinate, include a first heat exchanger (3), immersed in the water to desalinate and positioned in the nearness of said level (2);
• said cooling means (5a), fitted to establish the condensation of the steam, are in heat exchange connection with the heating means (5b), immersed in said water to desalinize, said heat exchange simultaneously causing:
a) the reduction of the temperature of said means (5a), then the suitable conditions for the condensation of the steam;
b) the increase of the temperature, into the depths, of said water to desalinize;
• conveying means (11 , 12) fitted to collect the condensed water on said cooling means (5a).
Device to desalinize water according to claim 2, characterized in that said tank (1) has the shape of a parallelepiped, or cylindrical or elliptical or of any other form and with generators in horizontal or inclined in every other slope .
Device to desalinize water according to claim 3, characterized in that said tank (1) is thermally insulated.
Device to desalinize water according to claim 2, characterized in that said heating means fitted to cause the evaporation of said water to desalinate, include a first heat exchanger (3) fed by a heat transfer fluid. Device to desalinize water according to claim 5, characterized in that said heat transfer fluid enters said first exchanger (3) through the central side and exits from the peripheral sides, in order to carry more heat into the central parts rather than those peripheral, said differentiated heating facilitating the formation of convective motions (F1) into the steam.
Device to desalinize water according to claim 5, characterized in that said heat transfer fluid is heated by renewable power sources like thermal solar or geothermal or photovoltaic or wind.
8. Device to desalinize water according to claim 2, characterized in that said cooling means (5a) are in heat exchange connection with said heating means (5b), immersed in said water to desalinize, through a thermal tunnel (5c) bordered by a pair of bars (4a, 4b) located in the tank (1) just below said free surface (2), said bars (4a, 4b) having the function to thermally insulate said thermal tunnel (5c) from the surrounding water.
9. Device to desalinize water according to claim 8, characterized in that said cooling means (5a) are in heat exchange connection with said heating means (5b), immersed in said water to desalinize through a second heat exchanger (6) connected through a pipe (8), in which a heat transfer fluid flows, with a third heat exchanger (7), so as to transfer the heat from said cooling means (5a) to said heating means (5b).
10. Device to desalinize water according to at least one of the claims from 2 to 9, characterized in that said cooling means (5a) and said heating means (5b) include a plurality of stretched metal sheets (5) opened like a fan, said metal sheets being compact in the zone between the bars (4a, 4b) and constituting said thermal tunnel (5c).
11. Device to desalinize water according to at least one of the claims from 2 to 9, characterized in that said cooling means (5a) and said heating means (5b) are made by a metal thatch.
12. Device to desalinize water according to claim 2, characterized in that said conveying means, fitted to collect the condensed water on said cooling means (5a), include a storage (11) connected with an outlet pipe (12) .
13. Device to desalinize water according to at least one of the claims from 2 to 12, characterized in that said outlet pipe (12) is in heat exchange connection, through a fourth heat exchanger (13), with a loading pipe
(14) for the feeding of the tank (1).
14. Device to desalinize water according to at least one of the claims from 2 to 13, characterized in that said loading tube (14) is provided with a valve (15), controlled by a level detection device (16), so as to maintain a constant level (2) of the water in the tank (1).
15. Device to desalinize water according to at least one of the claims from 2 to 14, characterized in that it includes a fifth heat exchanger (17), arranged along the side walls, fitted to take away the heat from the water, in order to trigger convective motions (F2) into the mass of water.
PCT/IT2016/000090 2015-04-09 2016-04-11 Method for the continuous desalinization and device for the implementation of said method WO2016162896A1 (en)

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FR2853895A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-10-22 Didier Costes Salt water distillation plant has vertical plates separated by slightly inclined bars with upper surface channels to collect condensation
WO2007011201A1 (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-01-25 Zonnewater B.V. Separation apparatus and method
WO2010034043A1 (en) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Gig Karasek Gmbh Falling film plate short-path evaporator
WO2011004416A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Esae S.R.L. Thermal desalination plant

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2853895A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-10-22 Didier Costes Salt water distillation plant has vertical plates separated by slightly inclined bars with upper surface channels to collect condensation
WO2007011201A1 (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-01-25 Zonnewater B.V. Separation apparatus and method
WO2010034043A1 (en) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Gig Karasek Gmbh Falling film plate short-path evaporator
WO2011004416A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Esae S.R.L. Thermal desalination plant

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113735210A (en) * 2021-10-14 2021-12-03 恩拓必(临沂)能源发展有限责任公司 Distillation type seawater desalination system

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