WO2016155598A1 - 直流固态断路器及配电系统 - Google Patents

直流固态断路器及配电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016155598A1
WO2016155598A1 PCT/CN2016/077567 CN2016077567W WO2016155598A1 WO 2016155598 A1 WO2016155598 A1 WO 2016155598A1 CN 2016077567 W CN2016077567 W CN 2016077567W WO 2016155598 A1 WO2016155598 A1 WO 2016155598A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
storage capacitor
coupled
circuit breaker
state circuit
thyristor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/077567
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑家伟
叶远茂
丁凯
王道洪
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Jl Ecopro (ee) Technology Ltd
Hong Kong Polytechnic University HKPU
Original Assignee
Jl Ecopro (ee) Technology Ltd
Hong Kong Polytechnic University HKPU
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Priority to CN201680018811.1A priority Critical patent/CN107534438A/zh
Publication of WO2016155598A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016155598A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for DC applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
    • H03K17/73—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region for DC voltages or currents

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of power equipment technologies, and in particular, to a DC solid state circuit breaker and a power distribution system including the same.
  • a DC solid state circuit breaker is a power automation device based on a semiconductor switch for quickly removing a fault from a direct current transmission, a power distribution system, or a DC power supply. It has the advantages of flexible control, fast action, no arc, long life and high reliability.
  • the semiconductor switches currently used in DC solid-state circuit breakers are mainly thyristors.
  • a DC solid-state circuit breaker as shown in FIG. 1 is provided.
  • the key to the normal disconnection of the DC solid-state circuit breaker is mainly to use the first storage capacitor C1 and the first storage capacitor C2 to resonate with the first resonant inductor Lr1 and the resonant current is greater than the load current.
  • the key to the fault disconnection of the DC solid-state circuit breaker is mainly to use the first storage capacitor C1 and the first storage capacitor C2 to resonate with the second resonant inductor Lr2 and the resonant current is greater than the fault current.
  • a DC solid state circuit breaker comprising:
  • a short circuit protection unit comprising:
  • a first current limiting inductor having a first end coupled to the first end of the first storage capacitor and a second end coupled to a first end of the load
  • a first power diode having a cathode coupled to the second end of the first current limiting inductor
  • a second storage capacitor the first end of which is connected to the anode of the first power diode
  • a second current limiting inductor having a first end coupled to the second end of the second storage capacitor and a second end coupled to the second end of the load
  • a second power diode having an anode coupled to the second end of the second current limiting inductor and a cathode coupled to the second end of the first storage capacitor;
  • a charging switch unit comprising:
  • a first charging branch the two ends of which are respectively coupled to the two poles of the first power diode
  • a main switch unit comprising:
  • At least one main switch thyristor the first switch thyristor first pole is coupled to the DC power source; and when the first fault occurs on the load side, the first energy storage capacitor and the second energy storage capacitor are turned to the main switch The second pole of the thyristor applies a reverse voltage to force it to turn off.
  • the method further includes:
  • An auxiliary switching unit is connected in parallel with the main switching thyristor for providing a current natural zero-crossing point to the main switching thyristor when a second fault occurs on the load side or a normal disconnect request.
  • the first fault is a short circuit fault; and the second fault is an overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, or leakage fault.
  • the main switch unit includes:
  • a first main switching thyristor having an anode coupled to the anode of the DC power source and a cathode coupled to the first end of the first storage capacitor.
  • the auxiliary switch unit includes:
  • the first storage capacitor
  • a first auxiliary switching thyristor having an anode coupled to the positive electrode of the DC power source
  • a first resonant inductor having a first end coupled to the first auxiliary switching thyristor cathode and a second end coupled to the first storage capacitor second end.
  • the main switch unit includes:
  • a second main switching thyristor having a cathode coupled to the negative side of the DC power source and an anode coupled to the second end of the second storage capacitor.
  • the auxiliary switch unit includes:
  • a second auxiliary switching thyristor having a cathode coupled to the negative pole of the DC power source
  • a second resonant inductor having a first end coupled to the second auxiliary switching thyristor anode and a second end coupled to the second storage capacitor first end.
  • the first charging branch and the second charging branch include a switching device and/or a power resistor.
  • the thyristors are all unidirectional thyristors.
  • a power distribution system comprising any of the above-described DC solid state circuit breakers.
  • the storage capacitors and resonance parameters used in the DC solid-state circuit breakers provided in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure need only be designed with reference to the overcurrent protection requirements, thereby not only greatly reducing the size and cost of the DC solid-state circuit breaker, but also Improve the reliability of DC solid state circuit breakers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a DC solid-state circuit breaker in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a DC solid state circuit breaker in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 3A is a schematic structural view of still another DC solid state circuit breaker in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic structural view of still another DC solid-state circuit breaker in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal waveform of the DC solid state circuit breaker of FIG.
  • Figure 5A is an equivalent circuit diagram of the DC solid state circuit breaker of Figure 2 between time t0-t1.
  • Figure 5B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the DC solid state circuit breaker of Figure 2 between time t1-t2.
  • Figure 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the DC solid state circuit breaker of Figure 2 between time t2-t3.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of still another signal waveform of the DC solid state circuit breaker of FIG.
  • Figure 8A is an equivalent circuit diagram of the DC solid state circuit breaker of Figure 2 between time.
  • Figure 8B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the DC solid state circuit breaker of Figure 2 at time-to-time.
  • Figure 8C is an equivalent circuit diagram of the DC solid state circuit breaker of Figure 2 after time.
  • a DC solid state circuit breaker is first provided in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the DC solid state circuit breaker mainly includes a main switch unit, a short circuit protection unit and a charging switch unit; in other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, an auxiliary switch unit may also be included.
  • the main switch unit is mainly used to provide a channel for the load current when the circuit is in normal operation;
  • the short circuit protection unit is mainly used to provide a reverse voltage to the main switch unit when the first fault occurs, such as a short circuit fault, forcibly shutting off immediately;
  • charging The switch unit is mainly used to provide a charging circuit for the storage capacitor in the short circuit protection unit during normal operation of the circuit;
  • the auxiliary switch unit is mainly used for measurable faults in the occurrence of a second fault such as overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage or leakage. Provide sufficient energy to cut off the main switch unit.
  • main switch unit A mainly includes a first main switch thyristor T1.
  • the auxiliary switching unit B mainly includes the first storage capacitor C1, a first auxiliary switching thyristor T2 and a first resonant inductor Lr1.
  • the short circuit protection unit C mainly includes a first storage capacitor C1, a first current limiting inductor L1, a first power diode D1, a second storage capacitor C2, a second current limiting inductor L2, and a second power. Diode D2.
  • the charging switch unit D mainly includes a first charging branch S1 and a second charging branch S2.
  • the first end of the first current limiting capacitor L1 is coupled to the first end of the first storage capacitor C1, and the second end of the first current limiting inductor L1 is coupled to the first end of a load RL.
  • the cathode of the first power diode D1 is coupled to the second end of the first current limiting inductor L1.
  • the first end of the second storage capacitor C2 is connected to the anode of the first power diode D1.
  • the first end of the second current limiting capacitor L2 is coupled to the second end of the second storage capacitor C2, and the second end of the second current limiting inductor L2 is coupled to the second end of the load RL.
  • the anode of the second power diode D2 is coupled to the second end of the second current limiting capacitor L2, and the cathode of the second power diode D2 is coupled to the second end of the first storage capacitor C1.
  • the first power diode D1 and the second power diode D2 are mainly used to provide a discharge channel for the first storage capacitor C1 and the second storage capacitor C2 when a short circuit fault occurs. Both ends of the first charging branch S1 are respectively coupled to the two poles of the first power diode D1. Both ends of the second charging branch S2 are respectively coupled to the two poles of the second power diode D2.
  • the anode of the first main switching thyristor T1 is coupled to the DC power supply DC positive terminal, and the cathode of the first main switching thyristor T1 is coupled to the first end of the first storage capacitor C1.
  • the anode of the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2 is coupled to the DC power source DC anode.
  • the first end of the first resonant inductor Lr1 is coupled to the cathode of the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2, and the second end of the first resonant inductor Lr1 is coupled to the second end of the first storage capacitor C1.
  • the main switching unit A may also include a second main switching thyristor T3.
  • the cathode of the second main switching thyristor T3 is coupled to the DC negative pole of the DC power source, and the anode of the second main switching thyristor T3 is coupled to the second end of the second storage capacitor C2; or, as shown in FIG. 3B,
  • the main switching unit A may also include the first main switching thyristor T1 and the second main switching thyristor T3 described above.
  • the auxiliary switching unit B may also include the second storage capacitor C2, a second auxiliary switching thyristor T4, and a second resonant inductor Lr2.
  • the cathode of the second auxiliary switching thyristor T4 is coupled to the DC power supply DC negative electrode.
  • the first end of the second resonant inductor Lr2 is electrically connected to the second auxiliary switching thyristor T4, and the second end of the second resonant inductor Lr2 is coupled to the first end of the second storage capacitor C2; or, as shown in FIG.
  • the auxiliary switching unit B can also include the first storage capacitor C1, the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2, the first resonant inductor Lr1, and the second storage capacitor C2.
  • the first storage capacitor C1 is included in both the auxiliary switching unit B and the short-circuit protection unit C.
  • the second storage capacitor C2 is also included in the auxiliary switching unit B and the short-circuit protection unit C at the same time.
  • the first charging branch S1 and the second charging branch S2 may have the same structure, and may be separately formed by a switching device such as a mechanical or semiconductor switch, or may be composed of a power resistor alone, or may be a mechanical or semiconductor switch. The switching device and the power resistor are combined in series. In the DC solid-state circuit breaker shown in FIG.
  • the first main switching thyristor T1 and the second main switching thyristor T3 will operate in the same manner, that is, simultaneously turned on and simultaneously turned off, the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2 and the first The two auxiliary switching thyristors T4 will also operate in the same manner, ie simultaneously turned on and simultaneously turned off.
  • the first main switching thyristor T1, the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2, the second main switching thyristor T3, and the second auxiliary switching thyristor T4 are each preferably a unidirectional thyristor.
  • the first storage capacitor C1 and the second storage capacitor C2 in the short-circuit protection unit C are directed to the main
  • the coupled thyristor and the coupled pole of the short-circuit protection unit C are applied with a reverse voltage to force it to naturally turn off.
  • a second fault occurs on the load RL side, such as a measurable fault such as overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, or leakage, or when there is a normal disconnect request, the auxiliary switch unit B supplies a current natural zero crossing to the main switch thyristor. To make it naturally shut down.
  • the short-circuit fault function of the DC solid-state circuit breaker in the exemplary embodiment is mainly realized by applying a reverse voltage to the main-switching thyristor and causing it to be naturally turned off, so theoretically speaking with the size of the storage capacitor Not big.
  • the resection and normal disconnection of other faults is realized by using an LC resonant circuit in which the storage capacitor and the resonant inductor are connected in parallel with the main switching thyristor to provide a natural zero-crossing point for the main switching thyristor to force it to be naturally turned off, so theoretically
  • the size of the storage capacitor is related to the resonance parameter.
  • the short-circuit fault is also removed by using the LC auxiliary resonant circuit to provide a natural zero-crossing point of the current, that is, the resonance parameter and the storage capacitor must meet the short-circuit fault.
  • Resection requirements are typically much larger than rated currents and even more than over-currents, so in prior art DC solid-state circuit breakers, large energy storage capacitors were required to provide enough energy to cut short-circuit faults.
  • the storage capacitors and resonance parameters used in the present disclosure need only be designed with reference to the overcurrent protection requirements, which not only greatly reduces the size and cost of the DC solid state circuit breaker, but also improves the reliability of the DC solid state circuit breaker.
  • the present exemplary embodiment further provides a power distribution system including any of the above-described DC solid state circuit breakers.
  • DC solid-state circuit breakers are small but important components. With the DC solid-state circuit breaker in the present exemplary embodiment, the reliability of the power distribution system can be greatly increased.
  • the time from t0 to t1 is the startup process of the DC solid state circuit breaker.
  • the DC solid state circuit breaker is started, that is, at time t0, the first main switching thyristor T1, the first charging branch S1, and the second charging branch S2 are simultaneously turned on. Since the first current limiting inductor L1 and the second current limiting inductor L2 are connected in series in the main loop, the input current IDC and the load current ILoad gradually increase from zero.
  • the first storage capacitor C1 passes through the second charging branch S2 and The second current limiting inductor L2 is charged by the DC power source DC, and the second storage capacitor C2 is charged by the DC power source DC through the first charging branch S1 and the first current limiting inductor L1, so that their voltages gradually rise.
  • the equivalent circuit of this process is shown in Figure 5A. It can be seen that the DC solid-state circuit breaker in the exemplary embodiment has a zero current starting function, which mainly utilizes the first main switching thyristor T1 and the first current limiting inductor L1 and the second current limiting inductor connected in series in the main circuit.
  • L2 is implemented without other auxiliary circuits (including first auxiliary switching thyristor T2, first resonant inductor Lr1, first storage capacitor C1, second storage capacitor C2, first power diode D1, second power diode D2, The influence of a charging branch S1 and a second charging branch S2).
  • the charging process ends when the first storage capacitor C1 voltage VC1 and the second storage capacitor C2 voltage VC2 are increased to be the same as the DC power supply DC voltage VDC.
  • the load voltage VRL is also increased to the DC power supply DC voltage VDC to make the circuit enter a steady state. Thereafter, after the time t1, the DC power supply DC passes the first main switching thyristor T1, the first current limiting inductor L1 and the second current limiting inductor L2 as the load.
  • the RL provides current as shown in Figure 5B.
  • the load current ILoad flows only through the first main switching thyristor T1 and the first current limiting inductor L1 and the second current limiting inductor L2, and other auxiliary circuits (including the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2, the first resonance)
  • the inductor Lr1, the first storage capacitor C1, the second storage capacitor C2, the first power diode D1, the second power diode D2, the first charging branch S1, and the second charging branch S2 are in an inoperative state.
  • a first fault F1 occurs on the load RL side, such as a short circuit fault, that is, the load RL impedance instantaneously mutates to zero.
  • the load RL voltage is therefore also abruptly zero, and the first power diode D1 and the second power diode D2 are turned on due to forward bias.
  • the first storage capacitor C1 and the second storage capacitor C2 are directly connected in series through the first power diode D1 and the second power diode D2, and apply a reverse voltage to the first main switching thyristor T1, so that the first main switching thyristor T1 is subjected to Reverse voltage and naturally shut down.
  • the equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the first storage capacitor C1 and the first current limiting inductor L1 form an LC loop through the first power diode D1, and the second storage capacitor C2 and the second current limiting inductor L2 pass through the first The two power diodes D2 form another identical LC loop.
  • the first storage capacitor C1 discharges the first current limiting inductor L1 and the second storage capacitor C2 discharges the second current limiting inductor L2 such that the short-circuit current IF1 gradually rises.
  • the voltages of the first storage capacitor C1 and the second storage capacitor C2 are set to zero and the short-circuit current IF1 reaches a maximum value, after which the first current-limiting inductor L1 reversely charges the first storage capacitor C1 and The second current limiting inductor L2 reversely charges the second storage capacitor C2 such that the voltages of the first storage capacitor C1 and the second storage capacitor C2 are negative and gradually increase, and at the same time, the short-circuit current IF1 is gradually decreased.
  • the short-circuit current IF1 is reduced to zero and all energy is stored in the first storage capacitor C1 and the second storage capacitor C2, and the circuit stops operating.
  • the time from t0 to t1 is the startup process of the DC solid-state circuit breaker, which is similar to that in FIG. 4, and therefore will not be described in detail herein.
  • a second fault F2 occurs on the load RL side, such as a measurable fault such as overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage or leakage, or, when there is a normal disconnect request, the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2 is triggered to be turned on immediately.
  • the first storage capacitor C1 and the first resonant inductor Lr1 undergo LC resonance through the first main switching thyristor T1 and the second main switching thyristor T2.
  • the equivalent circuit at this time is as shown in FIG. 8A, and flows with the increase of the resonance current IT2.
  • the current IT1 of a main switching thyristor T1 gradually decreases.
  • the resonance current IT2 is increased to be the same as the fault current IF2
  • the first main switching thyristor T1 is naturally turned off due to the current being reduced to zero.
  • the first resonant inductor Lr1 and the first storage capacitor C1 are completely connected in series in the main circuit, and the equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. 8B. Since the voltage of the first storage capacitor C1 has not completely dropped to zero at the moment, the loop current will gradually increase.
  • the voltage of the first storage capacitor C1 drops to zero and the loop current increases to a maximum. Thereafter, the first storage capacitor C1 is reversely charged and the loop current gradually decreases as the capacitor voltage increases. Finally, at the moment, the loop current is reduced to zero, so that the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2 is naturally turned off.
  • the entire fault terminal F2 is completely disconnected from the DC power supply DC side because the first main switching thyristor T1 and the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2 are turned off, and the equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. 8C.
  • the DC solid-state circuit breaker in the exemplary embodiment also has a zero current turn-off function, which mainly utilizes a resonant branch connected in parallel with the first main switching thyristor T1 (by the first auxiliary switching thyristor T2, the first The resonant inductor Lr1 and the first storage capacitor are connected in series to provide a natural zero-crossing point for the main switching thyristor.
  • the DC solid-state circuit breaker has a function of quickly cutting off measurable faults such as overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, and leakage, and is also mainly utilizing a resonant branch in parallel with the first main switching thyristor T1.
  • the DC solid-state circuit breaker provided in the exemplary embodiment can effectively solve the problem that the main switch unit cannot be effectively turned off due to insufficient energy supply of the storage capacitor in the case where the first fault occurs, for example, a short-circuit fault occurs. problem. It can immediately remove the first fault, such as a short-circuit fault, from the DC power transmission, the power distribution system or the DC power supply DC side, or quickly remove the second fault, such as overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, and leakage. It also enables normal shutdown and zero current starting of DC solid state circuit breakers. Moreover, the storage capacitors and resonance parameters used in the present disclosure need only be designed with reference to overcurrent protection requirements, which not only greatly reduces the size and cost of the DC solid state circuit breaker, but also improves the reliability of the DC solid state circuit breaker.

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Abstract

一种直流固态断路器及配电系统。该直流固态断路器包括短路保护单元(C)，充电开关单元(D)以及主开关单元(A)。短路保护单元(C)包括第一储能电容(C1)、第一限流电感(L1)、第一功率二极管(D1)、第二储能电容(C2)、第二限流电感(L2)以及第二功率二极管(D2)。充电开关单元(D)包括第一充电支路(S1)以及第二充电支路(S2)。主开关单元(A)包括至少一个主开关晶闸管(T1)。该直流固态断路器中的储能电容和谐振参数可参考过流保护的要求来设计，因此，能够降低直流固态断路器的体积和成本，也能够提高直流固态断路器的可靠性。

Description

直流固态断路器及配电系统 技术领域
本公开涉及电力设备技术领域，具体涉及一种直流固态断路器以及及包括该直流固态断路器的配电系统。
背景技术
当今社会对电力系统及输电技术提出了更高的要求,如何进一步提高电网的稳定性、向用户提供高质量电能成为电力行业的发展方向。断路器作为输电线路中一个重要的环节，它的性能直接影响着电网的正常运行。例如，直流固态断路器是一种基于半导体开关，用于将故障从直流输电、配电系统或直流供电装置中快速切除的电力自动化设备。其具有灵活控制、快速动作、无电弧、寿命长和可靠性高等优点。
目前应用在直流固态断路器的半导体开关主要是晶闸管。例如，在公开号为CN102222874A的中国发明专利申请中，提供了一种如图1所示的直流固态断路器。该直流固态断路器正常断开的关键主要是利用第一储能电容C1和第一储能电容C2与第一谐振电感Lr1发生谐振且谐振电流大于负载电流。该直流固态断路器故障断开的关键主要是利用第一储能电容C1和第一储能电容C2与第二谐振电感Lr2发生谐振且谐振电流大于故障电流。
然而，在发生短路故障的情况下，故障电流通常会很大而且难以估计，这样就使得需要很大电容值的第一储能电容C1和第一储能电容C2来提供足够多的能量才能切除短路故障。这不仅增加了直流固态断路器的体积和成本，同时也对直流固态断路器的可靠性带来了风险。此外，该直流固态断路器并没有零电流启动的功能，而且类似的情况在现有其他的直流固态断路器中也很常见。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种更加可靠的直流固态断路器以及一种包括该直流固态断路器的配电系统，从而至少在一定程度上克服由于相关技术的限制和缺陷而导致的一个或多个问题。
本公开的其他特性和优点将通过下面的详细描述变得显然，或部分地通过本公开的实 践而习得。
根据本公开的第一方面，提供一种直流固态断路器，包括：
一短路保护单元，包括：
一第一储能电容；
一第一限流电感，其第一端与所述第一储能电容第一端耦接，其第二端与一负载第一端耦接；
一第一功率二极管，其阴极与所述第一限流电感第二端耦接；
一第二储能电容，其第一端与所述第一功率二极管阳极连接；
一第二限流电感，其第一端与所述第二储能电容第二端耦接，其第二端与所述负载第二端耦接；以及
一第二功率二极管，其阳极与所述第二限流电感第二端耦接，其阴极与所述第一储能电容第二端耦接；
一充电开关单元，包括：
一第一充电支路，其两端分别与所述第一功率二极管两极耦接；
一第二充电支路，其两端分别与所述第二功率二极管两极耦接；
一主开关单元，包括：
至少一主开关晶闸管，所述主开关晶闸管第一极与一直流电源耦接；在所述负载侧发生第一故障时，所述第一储能电容及第二储能电容向所述主开关晶闸管第二极施加一反向电压迫使其关断。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，还包括：
一辅助开关单元，与所述主开关晶闸管并联，用于在所述负载侧发生第二故障或有正常断开请求时，为所述主开关晶闸管提供电流自然过零点。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述第一故障为短路故障；所述第二故障为过流、过压、欠压或漏电故障。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述主开关单元包括：
一第一主开关晶闸管，其阳极与所述直流电源正极耦接，其阴极与所述第一储能电容第一端耦接。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述辅助开关单元包括：
所述第一储能电容；
一第一辅助开关晶闸管，其阳极与所述直流电源正极耦接；以及
一第一谐振电感，其第一端与所述第一辅助开关晶闸管阴极连接，其第二端与所述第一储能电容第二端耦接。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述主开关单元包括：
一第二主开关晶闸管，其阴极与所述直流电源负极耦接，其阳极与所述第二储能电容第二端耦接。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述辅助开关单元包括：
所述第二储能电容；
一第二辅助开关晶闸管，其阴极与所述直流电源负极耦接；以及
一第二谐振电感，其第一端与所述第二辅助开关晶闸管阳极连接，其第二端与所述第二储能电容第一端耦接。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述第一充电支路及第二充电支路包括开关器件和/或功率电阻。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述晶闸管均为单向晶闸管。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供一种配电系统，包括上述任意一种直流固态断路器。
本公开示例性实施例中所提供的直流固态断路器中所用到的储能电容和谐振参数只需要参考过流保护要求来设计，因此，不但可以大大降低直流固态断路器的体积和成本，也提高了直流固态断路器的可靠性。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述其示例性实施例，本公开的上述和其它特征及优点将变得更加明显。
图1是现有技术中一种直流固态断路器的结构示意图。
图2是本公开示例性实施例中一种直流固态断路器的结构示意图。
图3A是本公开示例性实施例中又一种直流固态断路器的结构示意图。
图3B是本公开示例性实施例中再一种直流固态断路器的结构示意图。
图4是图2中直流固态断路器的一种信号波形示意图。
图5A是图2中直流固态断路器在t0-t1时刻之间的等效电路图。
图5B是图2中直流固态断路器在t1-t2时刻之间的等效电路图。
图6是图2中直流固态断路器在t2-t3时刻之间的等效电路图。
图7是图2中直流固态断路器的又一种信号波形示意图。
图8A是图2中直流固态断路器在-时刻之间的等效电路图。
图8B是图2中直流固态断路器在-时刻之间的等效电路图。
图8C是图2中直流固态断路器在时刻之后的等效电路图。
附图标记说明：
A 主开关单元
B 辅助开关单元
C 短路保护单元
D 充电开关单元
C1 第一储能电容
C2 第二储能电容
D1 第一功率二极管
D2 第二功率二极管
DC 直流电源
L1 第一限流电感
L2 第二限流电感
Lr1 第一谐振电感
Lr2 第二谐振电感
RL 负载
S1 第一充电支路
S2 第二充电支路
T1 第一主开关晶闸管
T2 第一辅助开关晶闸管
T3 第二主开关晶闸管
T4 第二辅助开关晶闸管
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例性实施例。然而，示例性实施例能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的实施方式；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本公开将全面和完整，并将示例性实施例的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。在图中，为了清晰，可能会夸大部分元件的尺寸或加以变形。在图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略它们的详细描述。
此外，所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施例中。在下面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本公开的实施例的充分理解。然而，本领域技术人员将意识到，可以实践本公开的技术方案而没有所述特定细节中的一个或更多，或者可以采用其它的方法、元件等。在其它情况下，不详细示出或描述公知结构、方法或者操作以避免模糊本公开的各方面。
本示例性实施例中首先提供了一种直流固态断路器。该直流固态断路器主要包括一主开关单元、一短路保护单元以及一充电开关单元；在本公开的其他示例性实施例中，还可以包括一辅助开关单元。其中主开关单元主要用于在电路正常运行时为负载电流提供通道；短路保护单元主要用于在发生第一故障，例如短路故障时为主开关单元提供反向电压迫使其立即自然关断；充电开关单元主要用于在电路正常运行时为短路保护单元中的储能电容提供充电回路；辅助开关单元主要用于在发生第二故障，例如过流、过压、欠压或漏电等可测量故障时为切断主开关单元提供足够的能量。
如图2中所示，为上述直流固态断路器的一种示例性实施方式。其主开关单元A主要包括一第一主开关晶闸管T1。其辅助开关单元B主要包括所述第一储能电容C1、一第一辅助开关晶闸管T2以及一第一谐振电感Lr1。其短路保护单元C主要包括一第一储能电容C1、一第一限流电感L1、一第一功率二极管D1、一第二储能电容C2、一第二限流电感L2以及一第二功率二极管D2。其充电开关单元D主要包括一第一充电支路S1以及一第二充电支路S2。
第一限流电感L1的第一端与所述第一储能电容C1第一端耦接，第一限流电感L1的第二端与一负载RL第一端耦接。第一功率二极管D1的阴极与所述第一限流电感L1第二端耦接。第二储能电容C2的第一端与所述第一功率二极管D1阳极连接。第二限流电感L2的第一端与所述第二储能电容C2第二端耦接，第二限流电感L2的第二端与所述负载RL第二端耦接。第二功率二极管D2的阳极与所述第二限流电感L2第二端耦接，第二功率二极管D2的阴极与所述第一储能电容C1第二端耦接。第一功率二极管D1以及第二功率二极管D2主要用于在发生短路故障时为第一储能电容C1及第二储能电容C2提供放电通道。所述第一充电支路S1的两端分别与所述第一功率二极管D1两极耦接。所述第二充电支路S2的两端分别与所述第二功率二极管D2两极耦接。第一主开关晶闸管T1的阳极与所述直流电源DC正极耦接，第一主开关晶闸管T1的阴极与所述第一储能电容C1第一端耦接。所述第一辅助开关晶闸管T2的阳极与所述直流电源DC正极耦接。第一谐振电感Lr1的第一端与所述第一辅助开关晶闸管T2阴极连接，第一谐振电感Lr1的第二端与所述第一储能电容C1第二端耦接。
如图3A中所示，在本公开的其他示例性实施例中，所述主开关单元A也可以包括一第二主开关晶闸管T3。第二主开关晶闸管T3的阴极所述直流电源DC负极耦接，第二主开关晶闸管T3的阳极与所述第二储能电容C2第二端耦接；或者，如图3B中所示，所述主开关单元A也可以同时包括上述第一主开关晶闸管T1和第二主开关晶闸管T3。所述辅助开关单元B也可以包括所述第二储能电容C2、一第二辅助开关晶闸管T4以及一第二谐振电感Lr2。第二辅助开关晶闸管T4的阴极与所述直流电源DC负极耦接。第二谐振电感Lr2的第一端与所述第二辅助开关晶闸管T4阳极连接，第二谐振电感Lr2的第二端与所述第二储能电容C2第一端耦接；或者，如图3中所示，所述辅助开关单元B也可以同时包括上述第一储能电容C1、第一辅助开关晶闸管T2、第一谐振电感Lr1、第二储能电容C2、 第二辅助开关晶闸管T4以及第二谐振电感Lr2。
可以看到，在本示例性实施例中，第一储能电容C1是同时包含在辅助开关单元B和短路保护单元C中。第二储能电容C2也是同时包含在辅助开关单元B和短路保护单元C中。第一充电支路S1和第二充电支路S2可以具有完全相同的结构，都可以由机械或半导体开关等开关器件单独构成，也可以由功率电阻单独构成，或者，也可以由机械或半导体开关等开关器件和功率电阻串联组合构成。在图3中所示的直流固态断路器中，第一主开关晶闸管T1和第二主开关晶闸管T3将以同样的方式运行，即同时导通和同时关断，第一辅助开关晶闸管T2和第二辅助开关晶闸管T4也将以同样的方式运行，即同时导通和同时关断。此外，在本示例性实施例中所述第一主开关晶闸管T1、第一辅助开关晶闸管T2、第二主开关晶闸管T3以及第二辅助开关晶闸管T4均优选为单向晶闸管。
在上述直流固态断路器中，当所述负载RL侧发生第一故障，例如短路故障时，所述短路保护单元C中的第一储能电容C1及第二储能电容C2会向所述主开关晶闸管与短路保护单元C连接的耦接的一极施加一反向电压迫使其自然关断。在所述负载RL侧发生第二故障，例如过流、过压、欠压或漏电等可测量故障，或者有正常断开请求时，辅助开关单元B为所述主开关晶闸管提供电流自然过零点，使其自然关断。
本示例性实施例中的直流固态断路器的短路故障功能主要是利用储能电容向主开关晶闸管施加反向电压迫而使其自然关断来实现的，所以理论上与储能电容的大小关系不大。而其它故障的切除和正常断开是利用储能电容与谐振电感构成与主开关晶闸管并联的LC谐振电路为主开关晶闸管提供一个电流自然过零点迫使其自然关断来实现的，所以理论上与储能电容的大小和谐振参数相关。对于现有技术中的直流固态断路器而言，其短路故障的切除也是利用上述LC辅助谐振电路提供电流自然过零点来实现的，也就是说谐振参数和储能电容的大小必须要满足短路故障切除的要求。然而，短路电流通常比额定电流甚至比过流电流大得多，所以在现有技术的直流固态断路器中，需要用很大的储能电容才可以提供足够多的能量来切除短路故障。而本公开中所用到的储能电容和谐振参数只需要参考过流保护要求来设计，这不但大大降低了直流固态断路器的体积和成本，也提高了直流固态断路器的可靠性。
进一步的，本示例性实施例中还提供了一种配电系统，该配电系统包括上述任意一种直流固态断路器。在配电系统中，直流固态断路器虽小，却是很重要的部件。通过本示例性实施例中的直流固态断路器，可以在很大程度上增加配电系统的可靠性。
以下，将以图2中的直流固态断路器为例，对本示例性实施例中的直流固态断路器的工作原理进行更进一步的说明。
参考图4中的信号波形图，t0时刻到t1时刻为直流固态断路器的启动过程。在直流固态断路器启动时，即t0时刻，第一主开关晶闸管T1、第一充电支路S1以及第二充电支路S2同时被触发导通。由于第一限流电感L1和第二限流电感L2串联在主回路中，输入电流IDC和负载电流ILoad从零开始逐渐升高。第一储能电容C1通过第二充电支路S2和 第二限流电感L2被直流电源DC充电，第二储能电容C2通过第一充电支路S1和第一限流电感L1被直流电源DC充电，因此它们的电压逐渐升高。这一过程的等效电路如图5A中所示。由此可知，本示例性实施例中的直流固态断路器具有零电流启动功能，其主要是利用串联在主回路中的第一主开关晶闸管T1和第一限流电感L1以及第二限流电感L2实现，不受其他辅助电路(包括第一辅助开关晶闸管T2、第一谐振电感Lr1、第一储能电容C1、第二储能电容C2、第一功率二极管D1、第二功率二极管D2、第一充电支路S1以及第二充电支路S2)的影响。
当第一储能电容C1电压VC1和第二储能电容C2电压VC2增加到与直流电源DC电压VDC相同时充电过程结束。负载电压VRL也增加到直流电源DC电压VDC使得电路进入稳定状态，此后，即t1时刻之后，直流电源DC通过第一主开关晶闸管T1、第一限流电感L1以及第二限流电感L2为负载RL提供电流，如图5B中所示。由此可知，正常运行时负载电流ILoad只流过第一主开关晶闸管T1和第一限流电感L1以及第二限流电感L2，而其他辅助电路(包括第一辅助开关晶闸管T2、第一谐振电感Lr1、第一储能电容C1、第二储能电容C2、第一功率二极管D1、第二功率二极管D2、第一充电支路S1以及第二充电支路S2)处于不工作状态。
在图4中的t2时刻，负载RL侧发生了第一故障F1，例如短路故障，即负载RL阻抗瞬间突变为零。负载RL电压也因此突变为零，第一功率二极管D1和第二功率二极管D2因正向偏置而导通。第一储能电容C1和第二储能电容C2通过第一功率二极管D1和第二功率二极管D2直接串联，施加一反向电压给第一主开关晶闸管T1，使得第一主开关晶闸管T1由于承受反向电压而自然关断。
此后，等效电路如图6所示，第一储能电容C1与第一限流电感L1经过第一功率二极管D1组成一个LC回路，第二储能电容C2与第二限流电感L2经过第二功率二极管D2组成另一个相同的LC回路。第一储能电容C1对第一限流电感L1放电以及第二储能电容C2对第二限流电感L2放电使得短路电流IF1逐渐升高。
到t3时刻时，第一储能电容C1以及第二储能电容C2的电压放至零而短路电流IF1达到最大值，此后第一限流电感L1对第一储能电容C1反向充电以及第二限流电感L2对第二储能电容C2反向充电使得第一储能电容C1以及第二储能电容C2的电压为负值并逐渐升高，而与此同时，短路电流IF1逐渐减小。
到t4时刻时，短路电流IF1减小至零且所有能量都储存在到第一储能电容C1和第二储能电容C2中，电路停止工作。
参考图5中的信号波形图，t0时刻到t1时刻为直流固态断路器的启动过程，该过程与图4中类似，因此此处不再详述。在时刻，负载RL侧发生第二故障F2，例如过流、过压、欠压或漏电等可测量故障，或者，有正常断开请求时，第一辅助开关晶闸管T2被触发立即导通。第一储能电容C1与第一谐振电感Lr1经过第一主开关晶闸管T1和第二主开关晶闸管T2发生LC谐振。此时的等效电路如图8A所示，随着谐振电流IT2的增大，流过第 一主开关晶闸管T1的电流IT1逐渐减小。
在时刻谐振电流IT2增加到与故障电流IF2相同，第一主开关晶闸管T1因电流减小到零而自然关断。此后第一谐振电感Lr1和第一储能电容C1完全串联在主电路中，等效电路如图8B所示。由于第一储能电容C1的电压在时刻还未完全降到零，回路电流将会逐渐增大。
到达时刻，第一储能电容C1的电压降到零，而回路电流增大到最大值。此后第一储能电容C1被反向充电而回路电流随着电容电压的升高而逐渐减小。最后在时刻因回路电流减小到零，使得第一辅助开关晶闸管T2自然关断。整个故障端F2因第一主开关晶闸管T1和第一辅助开关晶闸管T2都关断而与直流电源DC侧完全断开，此时等效电路如图8C所示。
由此可知，本示例性实施例中的直流固态断路器还具有零电流关断功能，其主要是利用与第一主开关晶闸管T1并联的谐振支路(由第一辅助开关晶闸管T2、第一谐振电感Lr1和第一储能电电容串联构成)为主开关晶闸管提供电流自然过零点来实现。而且，该直流固态断路器具有将第二故障，例如过流、过压、欠压以及漏电等可测量故障快速切除的功能，其同样主要是利用与第一主开关晶闸管T1并联的谐振支路(由第一辅助开关晶闸管T2、第一谐振电感Lr1和第一储能电电容串联构成)为第一主开关晶闸管T1提供电流自然过零点来实现。
综上所述，本示例性实施例中所提供的直流固态断路器可有效解决在第一故障，例如短路故障发生的情况下因储能电容提供能量不足而导致主开关单元无法有效关断的问题。其可以将第一故障，例如短路故障立即从直流输电、配电系统或直流电源DC侧切除，也可以将第二故障，例如过流、过压、欠压以及漏电等可测量故障快速切除，还可以实现直流固态断路器的正常关断以及零电流启动功能。而且，本公开中所用到的储能电容和谐振参数只需要参考过流保护要求来设计，不但大大降低了直流固态断路器的体积和成本，也提高了直流固态断路器的可靠性。
本公开已由上述相关实施例加以描述，然而上述实施例仅为实施本公开的范例。必需指出的是，已揭露的实施例并未限制本公开的范围。相反，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围内所作的变动与润饰，均属本公开的专利保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种直流固态断路器，其特征在于，包括：
    一短路保护单元，包括：
    一第一储能电容；
    一第一限流电感，其第一端与所述第一储能电容第一端耦接，其第二端与一负载第一端耦接；
    一第一功率二极管，其阴极与所述第一限流电感第二端耦接；
    一第二储能电容，其第一端与所述第一功率二极管阳极连接；
    一第二限流电感，其第一端与所述第二储能电容第二端耦接，其第二端与所述负载第二端耦接；
    一第二功率二极管，其阳极与所述第二限流电感第二端耦接，其阴极与所述第一储能电容第二端耦接；
    一充电开关单元，包括：
    一第一充电支路，其两端分别与所述第一功率二极管两极耦接；
    一第二充电支路，其两端分别与所述第二功率二极管两极耦接；
    一主开关单元，包括：
    至少一主开关晶闸管，所述主开关晶闸管第一极与一直流电源耦接；在所述负载侧发生第一故障时，所述第一储能电容及第二储能电容向所述主开关晶闸管第二极施加一反向电压迫使其关断。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直流固态断路器，其特征在于，还包括：
    一辅助开关单元，与所述主开关晶闸管并联，用于在所述负载侧发生第二故障或有正常断开请求时，为所述主开关晶闸管提供电流自然过零点。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的直流固态断路器，其特征在于，所述第一故障为短路故障；所述第二故障为过流、过压、欠压或漏电故障。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的直流固态断路器，其特征在于，所述主开关单元包括：
    一第一主开关晶闸管，其阳极与所述直流电源正极耦接，其阴极与所述第一储能电容第一端耦接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的直流固态断路器，其特征在于，所述辅助开关单元包括：
    所述第一储能电容；
    一第一辅助开关晶闸管，其阳极与所述直流电源正极耦接；以及
    一第一谐振电感，其第一端与所述第一辅助开关晶闸管阴极连接，其第二端与所述第一储能电容第二端耦接。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5任意一项所述的直流固态断路器，其特征在于，所述主开关单元包括：
    一第二主开关晶闸管，其阴极与所述直流电源负极耦接，其阳极与所述第二储能电容第二端耦接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的直流固态断路器，其特征在于，所述辅助开关单元包括：
    所述第二储能电容；
    一第二辅助开关晶闸管，其阴极与所述直流电源负极耦接；以及
    一第二谐振电感，其第一端与所述第二辅助开关晶闸管阳极连接，其第二端与所述第二储能电容第一端耦接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的直流固态断路器，其特征在于，所述第一充电支路及第二充电支路包括开关器件和/或功率电阻。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的直流固态断路器，其特征在于，所述晶闸管均为单向晶闸管。
  10. 一种配电系统，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的直流固态断路器。
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