WO2016150211A1 - 一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2016150211A1
WO2016150211A1 PCT/CN2015/098032 CN2015098032W WO2016150211A1 WO 2016150211 A1 WO2016150211 A1 WO 2016150211A1 CN 2015098032 W CN2015098032 W CN 2015098032W WO 2016150211 A1 WO2016150211 A1 WO 2016150211A1
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Prior art keywords
anchor
anchor cable
special
ring
cable
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French (fr)
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张农
张天池
徐骁勇
潘东江
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Priority to AU2015387576A priority Critical patent/AU2015387576B2/en
Publication of WO2016150211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016150211A1/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts

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  • the invention relates to a mining chemical anchor cable anchoring device and method, and is particularly suitable for the anchoring operation of a roadway.
  • Coal roadway anchor cable support is a commonly used support method in China. It has the advantages of simple operation and good supporting effect, but it also causes a large area of the top of the working face to suspend the roof, resulting in the accumulation of gas at the end. Roof and gas management bring great hidden dangers. Therefore, how to ensure that the top plate does not fall before the working surface is pushed over, and the timely fall after the working surface is pushed over is a problem that needs to be solved in the coal roadway support. For this reason, the anchoring operation is often carried out during the coal mining operation.
  • the object of the present invention is to address the defects of the existing mechanical anchoring method, and propose a mine chemical anchor cable anchoring device and method, which utilizes a chemical anchor cable to artificially control the anchor failure time, thereby achieving safe anchoring. Effect.
  • the mining chemical anchor cable retreating device of the present invention comprises a lock and a tray which are sleeved on an exposed section of the anchor cable, and a special anchor ring is arranged between the lock and the tray, and the diameter of the special anchor ring is There are two diversion holes which are vertically asymmetric, and a diversion tube is arranged in the upper diversion hole.
  • the diversion tube is connected with the medicine bag provided on the top plate, and the concentration of the drug package is 5-12 mol/ a mixed acid of L; a throttle valve is arranged on the draft tube.
  • the mining chemical anchor cable anchoring method using the above device comprises the following steps:
  • the volume of the drug pack is 100-500 mL, and the height of the drug pack is the same as the height of the anchor tray.
  • the acid solution in the drug pack is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid solution.
  • the outer diameter of the special anchor ring is 5-30 mm larger than the outer diameter of the anchor cable lock, and the inner diameter is 5-10 mm larger than the diameter of the anchor cable.
  • the failure time of controlling the corrosion of the anchor cable is between 1 and 12 hours.
  • the present invention Since the above technical solution is adopted, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the control time of the anchor cable can be controlled by controlling the concentration or flow rate of the acid solution
  • the anchor ring has a larger diameter than the lock, which reduces the stress concentration of the lock on the tray and improves the stress environment of the tray;
  • the invention has simple structure, is easy to operate, reduces labor intensity, simplifies the anchoring construction process, and is easy to popularize.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the anchor cable of the present invention
  • Figure 2 (a) is a plan view of a special anchor ring of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view of a special anchor ring of the present invention.
  • the mining chemical anchor cable anchoring device of the invention is mainly composed of a drug pack 2, a draft tube 3, a flow valve 4, a lock 6, a special anchor ring 7 and a section tray 8.
  • the lock 6 and the tray 8 are sleeved on the exposed section of the anchor cable 1.
  • the special anchor ring 7 is disposed between the lock 6 and the tray 8.
  • the special anchor ring 7 has two guides in the radial direction of the upper and lower sides.
  • the flow hole 5 and the upper one of the flow guiding holes 5 are provided with a draft tube 3, and the draft tube 3 is connected with the drug pack 2 provided on the top plate 9, and the drug pack 2 is filled with a mixture having a concentration of 5-12 mol/L.
  • the acid solution; the draft tube 3 is provided with a throttle valve 4.
  • the method for the anchoring method of the mining chemical anchor cable of the invention is as follows:
  • the kit 2 and the special anchor ring 7 connected to the draft tube 3 are prepared on the ground; the volume of the kit 2 is 100-500 mL, and the height of the pack 2 is the same as the height of the anchor tray 8.
  • the drug package 2 contains a hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid solution having a concentration of 5 to 12 mol/L, and the throttle tube 3 is equipped with a throttle valve 4, and a special anchor ring 7 is prepared at the same time.
  • the outer diameter of the special anchor ring 7 is smaller than that of the anchor cable.
  • the outer diameter is 5 to 30 mm, and the inner diameter is 5 to 10 mm larger than the diameter of the anchor cable.
  • two flow guiding holes 5 are opened, and the special anchor ring 7 is subjected to anti-corrosion treatment and does not react with the mixed acid.
  • the special anchor ring 7 is installed between the lock 6 and the tray 8, and the other processes are the same as the installation process of the anchor cable 1;
  • the hysteresis hydraulic support column has a depth of 1m, and the drug pack 2 connected to the draft tube 3 is fixed at the anchor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置，适用于巷道的退锚作业，主要包括药包(2)、导流管(3)、特制锚环(7)和节流阀(4)四个部分。通过导流管(3)把药包(2)内的酸液引入特制锚环(7)和锚索(1)间的空隙中，酸液腐蚀弱化锚索，反应过的废液通过特制锚环(7)下侧的导流孔(5)流出。之后利用滞后采动压力，实现退锚效果。可以通过控制节流阀(4)流速或调节药包(2)酸液浓度来设定腐蚀速度，以调节锚索(1)失效时间。该装置简化了退锚施工工艺，降低了工人劳动强度，且能人为地控制锚固失效时间，增加了退锚工序的安全性，结构简单，易于推广。还公开了一种矿用化学锚索退锚方法。

Description

一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置及方法，尤其适用于巷道的退锚作业。
背景技术
煤巷锚杆索支护是我国普遍采用的支护方式，其具有操作简便、支护效果好等优点，但也会造成工作面端头较大面积悬顶，导致端头瓦斯积聚，这给顶板与瓦斯管理带来极大的隐患。因而如何保证顶板在工作面推过前不垮落，在工作面推过后及时垮落是煤巷支护亟需解决的问题。为此，采煤作业过程中经常进行退锚作业。
目前普遍采用机械式退锚，主要存在以下问题：退锚后顶板随即失去锚固力，易发生冒顶；退锚过程生拉硬拽，加大冒顶风险；退锚效果差，效率低，锚索脱皮频发；退锚设备较重，不易操作，成本较高，使用受限。因此亟需提出一种新型退锚装置和方法，解决上述难题。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是针对现有机械式退锚方法的缺陷，提出了一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置及方法，利用化学锚索人为控制锚固体失效时间，从而达到安全退锚的效果。
技术方案：本发明的矿用化学锚索退锚装置，包括穿套在锚索外露段上的锁具和托盘，所述的锁具和托盘之间设有特制锚环，所述特制锚环的径向开有上下不对称的两个导流孔，上部的一个导流孔内设有导流管，导流管与设在顶板上的药包相连接，药包内装有浓度为5～12mol/L的混合酸液；所述的导流管上设有节流阀。
使用上述装置的矿用化学锚索退锚方法，包括如下步骤：
a.在地面制备与导流管相连接的药包和特制锚环；
b.安装锚索时，将特制锚环安装在锁具与托盘之间，其它工序与锚索安装工序相同；
c.工作面回采时，滞后液压支架立柱一个截深，将药包固定在锚索托盘外部的顶板上；
d.将导流管的一端与特制锚环上部的导流孔相连接；药包中的酸液在重力作用下自流，经导流管、特制锚环上部的导流孔进入锚索和特制锚环的空隙中，对锚索进行腐蚀；反应过的废液通过特制锚环下侧的导流孔流出；
e.在滞后液压支架立柱0.5m处安设警示线，禁止人员越过，防止药包中的混合酸液滴落危害工人健康；
f.锚索被酸液腐蚀后，抗拉强度大大降低，之后利用滞后采动压力，实现退锚；
g.待液压支架向前推进一个截深，重复c、d、e，直至完成整个工作面的回采。
所述药包的体积为100～500mL，药包的高度与锚索托盘高度相同。
所述药包内的酸液盐酸、硝酸或硫酸溶液。
所述特制锚环外径比锚索锁具外径大5～30mm，内径比锚索直径大5～10mm。
通过调节节流阀设定酸液流速，控制锚索腐蚀的失效时间为1～12小时之间。
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
1.利用强酸快速腐蚀锚索，弱化锚索的抗拉强度。之后利用滞后采动压力，达到破坏锚索的效果，节省强酸用量，而且工人退锚作业环境更为安全；
2.可以通过控制酸液浓度或流速，实现锚索失效时间的可控；
3.退锚环较锁具直径大，减小锁具对托盘的应力集中，改善托盘的受力环境；
4.本发明结构简单，易于操作，降低了劳动强度，简化了退锚施工工艺，易于推广。
附图说明
图1是本发明锚索剖视结构示意图；
图2(a)是本发明特制锚环的俯视图；
图2(b)是本发明特制锚环的剖面图。
图中：1-锚索；2-药包；3-导流管；4-节流阀；5-导流孔；6-锁具；7-特制锚环；8-托盘；9-顶板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述：
本发明的矿用化学锚索退锚装置，主要由药包2、导流管3、流阀4、锁具6、特制锚环7和节托盘8组成。锁具6和托盘8穿套在锚索1外露段上，所述的特制锚环7设在锁具6和托盘8之间，所述特制锚环7的径向开有上下不对称的两个导流孔5，上部的一个导流孔5内设有导流管3，导流管3与设在顶板9上的药包2相连接，药包2内装有浓度为5～12mol/L的混合酸液；所述的导流管3上设有节流阀4。
本发明的矿用化学锚索退锚方法，步骤如下：
a.在地面制备与导流管3相连接的药包2和特制锚环7；所述药包2的体积为100～500mL，药包2的高度与锚索托盘8高度相同。药包2内装有浓度为5～12mol/L的盐酸、硝酸或硫酸溶液，导流管3上装有节流阀4，同时制备特制锚环7，所述特制锚环7外径比锚索锁具外径大5～30mm，内径比锚索直径大5～10mm。在特制锚环7的一侧的上部和对侧的下部开有两导流孔5，特制锚环7经过防腐蚀处理，与混合酸不反应。
b.在顺槽掘进期间安装锚索1时，将特制锚环7安装在锁具6与托盘8之间，其它工序与锚索1安装工序相同；
c.工作面回采时，滞后液压支架立柱一个截深1m，将连接着导流管3的药包2固定在锚 索托盘8外部的顶板9上；
d.将导流管3的一端与特制锚环7上部的导流孔5相连接；药包2中的酸液在重力作用下自流，经导流管3、特制锚环7上部的导流孔5进入锚索1和特制锚环7的空隙中，对锚索1进行腐蚀；反应过的废液通过特制锚环7下侧的导流孔5流出；通过调节节流阀4来设定酸液流速，以控制锚索腐蚀失效时间；通过调节节流阀4设定酸液流速，控制锚索1腐蚀的失效时间为1～12小时之间。
e.在滞后液压支架立柱0.5m处安设警示线，禁止人员越过，防止药包2中的混合酸液滴落危害工人健康；
f.锚索1被酸液腐蚀后，抗拉强度大大降低，之后利用滞后采动压力，实现退锚效果；
g.待液压支架向前推进一个截深，重复c、d、e，直至完成整个工作面的回采。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置，包括穿套在锚索(1)外露段上的锁具(6)和托盘(8)，其特征在于：所述的锁具(6)和托盘(8)之间设有特制锚环(7)，所述特制锚环(7)的径向开有上下不对称的两个导流孔(5)，上部的一个导流孔(5)内设有导流管(3)，导流管(3)与设在顶板(9)上的药包(2)相连接，药包(2)内装有浓度为5～12mol/L的混合酸液；所述的导流管(3)上设有节流阀(4)。
  2. 一种使用权利要求1所述装置的矿用化学锚索退锚方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    a.在地面制备与导流管(3)相连接的药包(2)和特制锚环(7)；
    b.安装锚索(1)时，将特制锚环(7)安装在锁具(6)与托盘(8)之间，其它工序与锚索(1)安装工序相同；
    c.工作面回采时，滞后液压支架立柱一个截深，将药包(2)固定在锚索托盘(8)外部的顶板(9)上；
    d.将导流管(3)的一端与特制锚环(7)上部的导流孔(5)相连接；药包(2)中的酸液在重力作用下自流，经导流管(3)、特制锚环(7)上部的导流孔(5)进入锚索(1)和特制锚环(7)的空隙中，对锚索(1)进行腐蚀；反应过的废液通过特制锚环(7)下侧的导流孔(5)流出；
    e.在滞后液压支架立柱0.5m处安设警示线，禁止人员越过，防止药包(2)中的混合酸液滴落危害工人健康；
    f.锚索(1)被酸液腐蚀后，抗拉强度大大降低，之后利用滞后采动压力，实现退锚；
    g.待液压支架向前推进一个截深，重复c、d、e，直至完成整个工作面的回采。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种矿用化学锚索退锚方法，其特征在于：所述药包(2)的体积为100～500mL，药包(2)的高度与锚索托盘(8)高度相同。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的一种矿用化学锚索退锚方法，其特征在于：所述药包(2)内的酸液盐酸、硝酸或硫酸溶液。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置及方法，其特征在于：通过调节节流阀(4)设定酸液流速，控制锚索(1)腐蚀的失效时间为1～12小时之间。
PCT/CN2015/098032 2015-03-25 2015-12-21 一种矿用化学锚索退锚装置及方法 Ceased WO2016150211A1 (zh)

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